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{{Short description|American businesswoman (1856–1923)}}
{{Infobox person {{Infobox person
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'''Josephine Napoleon Leary''' (1856–1923) was an American businesswoman and real estate entrepreneur from ], ]. Built in 1894, the J. H. Leary building, with her name on the pediment, stands today. '''Josephine Napoleon Leary''' (1856–1923) was an American businesswoman and real estate entrepreneur from ], ]. The J. H. Leary building, a large commercial property in Edenton built in 1894, features her name on the pediment.


== Biography == == Biography ==
Josephine Napoleon Williams was born into slavery circa 1856 in ], ]. Her mother was an enslaved Black woman, whereas her father was a white man, probably a member of the Williams family that owned the plantation on which she was born. Emancipated at the end of the ], she went with her grandmother to Williamston to attend school and in 1873 married a barber by the name of Sweety Leary, with whom she had two daughters, Clara (born 1874) and Florence (born 1880). She and her husband built a flourishing business as ] barbers, and she made her first real estate property investment in 1873.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Josephine Napoleon Leary Day |url=https://ehcnc.org/josephine-napoleon-leary-day/ |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=Edenton Historical Commission |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=February 2020 |title=Finding aid to the Josephine Napoleon Leary papers, 1875-1991 |url=https://archives.lib.duke.edu/catalog/learyjosephine |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Duke University |language=en}}</ref> Josephine Napoleon Williams was born into slavery circa 1856 in ], ]. Her mother was an enslaved Black woman, whereas her father was a white man, probably a member of the Williams family that owned the plantation on which she was born. Emancipated at the end of the ], Josephine accompanied her grandmother to Williamston to attend school and in 1873 married a barber by the name of Archer "Sweety" Leary, with whom she had two daughters, Clara (born 1874) and Florence (born 1880). She and her husband built a flourishing business as barbers in ], and she made her first real estate property investment in 1873.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Josephine Napoleon Leary Day |url=https://ehcnc.org/josephine-napoleon-leary-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250102163636/https://ehcnc.org/josephine-napoleon-leary-day/ |archive-date=2025-01-02 |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=Edenton Historical Commission |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=February 2020 |title=Finding aid to the Josephine Napoleon Leary papers, 1875-1991 |url=https://archives.lib.duke.edu/catalog/learyjosephine |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250102163621/https://archives.lib.duke.edu/catalog/learyjosephine |archive-date=2025-01-02 |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library, ] |language=en}}</ref>


By 1881, Leary had purchased six residential and commercial buildings and lots in the Cheapside district of Edenton, including the Cheshire Storehouse, which spanned three lots on South Broad Street. When a fire destroyed the warehouse in September 1893, she hired Theo Ralph to construct the J. N. Leary Building on the site. This 1894 structure still stands. She continued to buy, sell, and rent out properties across ] through the 1910s and built a new brick barbershop at 317 South Broad Street, which also still stands.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> By 1881, Leary had purchased six residential and commercial buildings and lots in the Cheapside district of Edenton, including the Cheshire Storehouse, which spanned three lots on South Broad Street. When a fire destroyed the warehouse in September 1893, she hired architect Theo Ralph to construct the J. N. Leary Building on the site. Completed in 1894, this ] structure features Leary's name on the pediment and a distinctive metal facade manufactured by the ]. She continued to buy, sell, and rent out properties across ] well into the 1910s. In 1907, she built a new brick barbershop at 317 South Broad Street, which also still stands.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />


Late in life, Leary battled cancer and had to sell or mortgage most of her property, including the J. N. Leary building, to pay for medical treatments. She died of stomach cancer on March 13, 1923, at the age of 67.<ref name=":0" /> Her estate was worth $8,825. As a relative share of ], her estate would be valued at over $10 million today.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Where Women Made History |url=https://contest.savingplaces.org/g031t0ke |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=Saving Places: Explore Where Women Made History |publisher=]}}</ref> Late in life, Leary battled cancer and had to sell or mortgage most of her property, including the J. N. Leary building, to pay for medical treatments. She died of stomach cancer on March 13, 1923, at the age of 67.<ref name=":0" /> Her estate was worth $8,825 at the time of her death. As a relative share of the U.S. ] (GDP), her estate would be valued at over $10 million today.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Where Women Made History |url=https://contest.savingplaces.org/g031t0ke |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250102163855/https://contest.savingplaces.org/g031t0ke |archive-date=2025-01-02 |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=Saving Places: Explore Where Women Made History |publisher=]}}</ref>


== Legacy == == Legacy ==
Leary's business papers and correspondence were purchased by the ] at ] in 1991, with materials added to the collection in 2002.<ref name=":1" /> Selections from the Leary Papers were featured in an exhibit case at Duke's Perkins Library in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2023 |title=Josephine Napoleon Leary |url=https://library.duke.edu/exhibits/2023/hubbard-jan |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=Duke University Libraries Exhibits}}</ref> Leary's business papers and correspondence were purchased by the ] at ] in 1991, with additional materials added to the collection in 2002.<ref name=":1" /> Selections from the Leary Papers were featured in an exhibit at Duke's Perkins Library in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2023 |title=Josephine Napoleon Leary |url=https://library.duke.edu/exhibits/2023/hubbard-jan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250102163911/https://library.duke.edu/exhibits/2023/hubbard-jan |archive-date=2025-01-02 |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=] Exhibits}}</ref> The Edenton Historical Commission celebrates her as a Woman of Distinction.<ref name=":0" />


In 2022, ] published ''Carolina Built'' by Kianna Alexander.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Carolina Built by Kianna Alexander |url=https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Carolina-Built/Kianna-Alexander/9781982163693 |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=] |language=en |isbn=978-1-9821-6369-3}}</ref> This novelization of Leary's life received a mixed review in '']''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-12 |title=Review of Carolina Built by Kianna Alexander |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/kianna-alexander/carolina-built-alexander/ |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=] |language=en}}</ref> '']'' called it "fairly unremarkable" historical fiction whose author "does a nice job illuminating the life of an extraordinary historical figure."<ref>{{Cite web |first= |date=2021-11-18 |title=Review of Carolina Built by Kianna Alexander |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9781982163686 |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=]}}</ref> In 2022, ] published ''Carolina Built'' by Kianna Alexander, who fictionalizes Leary's life.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Carolina Built by Kianna Alexander |url=https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Carolina-Built/Kianna-Alexander/9781982163693 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250102163934/https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Carolina-Built/Kianna-Alexander/9781982163693 |archive-date=2025-01-02 |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=] |language=en |isbn=978-1-9821-6369-3}}</ref> The novel received a mixed review in '']''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-12 |title=Review of Carolina Built by Kianna Alexander |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/kianna-alexander/carolina-built-alexander/ |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=] |language=en}}</ref> and a rave review in the ''Southern Bookseller Review''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Daniels |first=Kimberly |date=2022-02-18 |title=The Country Bookshop loves Carolina Built by Kianna Alexander |url=https://thesouthernbooksellerreview.org/carolina-built-by-kianna-alexander/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201005448/https://thesouthernbooksellerreview.org/carolina-built-by-kianna-alexander/ |archive-date=2023-12-01 |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=The Southern Bookseller Review |language=en-US}}</ref> '']'' described the novel as "fairly unremarkable" historical fiction whose author "does a nice job illuminating the life of an extraordinary historical figure."<ref>{{Cite web |first= |date=2021-11-18 |title=Review of Carolina Built by Kianna Alexander |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9781982163686 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250102164832/https://www.publishersweekly.com/9781982163686 |archive-date=2025-01-02 |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=]}}</ref>


== References == == References ==
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Latest revision as of 21:11, 2 January 2025

American businesswoman (1856–1923)
Josephine Napoleon Leary
Born1856 (1856)
Williamston, North Carolina
DiedMarch 13, 1923(1923-03-13) (aged 66–67)
Edenton, North Carolina
OccupationBusinessperson

Josephine Napoleon Leary (1856–1923) was an American businesswoman and real estate entrepreneur from Edenton, North Carolina. The J. H. Leary building, a large commercial property in Edenton built in 1894, features her name on the pediment.

Biography

Josephine Napoleon Williams was born into slavery circa 1856 in Williamston, North Carolina. Her mother was an enslaved Black woman, whereas her father was a white man, probably a member of the Williams family that owned the plantation on which she was born. Emancipated at the end of the American Civil War, Josephine accompanied her grandmother to Williamston to attend school and in 1873 married a barber by the name of Archer "Sweety" Leary, with whom she had two daughters, Clara (born 1874) and Florence (born 1880). She and her husband built a flourishing business as barbers in Edenton, and she made her first real estate property investment in 1873.

By 1881, Leary had purchased six residential and commercial buildings and lots in the Cheapside district of Edenton, including the Cheshire Storehouse, which spanned three lots on South Broad Street. When a fire destroyed the warehouse in September 1893, she hired architect Theo Ralph to construct the J. N. Leary Building on the site. Completed in 1894, this Victorian structure features Leary's name on the pediment and a distinctive metal facade manufactured by the Mesker Brothers. She continued to buy, sell, and rent out properties across Chowan County well into the 1910s. In 1907, she built a new brick barbershop at 317 South Broad Street, which also still stands.

Late in life, Leary battled cancer and had to sell or mortgage most of her property, including the J. N. Leary building, to pay for medical treatments. She died of stomach cancer on March 13, 1923, at the age of 67. Her estate was worth $8,825 at the time of her death. As a relative share of the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP), her estate would be valued at over $10 million today.

Legacy

Leary's business papers and correspondence were purchased by the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Duke University in 1991, with additional materials added to the collection in 2002. Selections from the Leary Papers were featured in an exhibit at Duke's Perkins Library in 2023. The Edenton Historical Commission celebrates her as a Woman of Distinction.

In 2022, Simon & Schuster published Carolina Built by Kianna Alexander, who fictionalizes Leary's life. The novel received a mixed review in Kirkus Reviews and a rave review in the Southern Bookseller Review. Publisher's Weekly described the novel as "fairly unremarkable" historical fiction whose author "does a nice job illuminating the life of an extraordinary historical figure."

References

  1. ^ "Josephine Napoleon Leary Day". Edenton Historical Commission. 2022. Archived from the original on 2025-01-02. Retrieved 2025-01-02.
  2. ^ "Finding aid to the Josephine Napoleon Leary papers, 1875-1991". David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Duke University Libraries. February 2020. Archived from the original on 2025-01-02. Retrieved 2025-01-02.
  3. "Where Women Made History". Saving Places: Explore Where Women Made History. National Trust for Historic Preservation. 2020. Archived from the original on 2025-01-02. Retrieved 2025-01-02.
  4. "Josephine Napoleon Leary". Duke University Libraries Exhibits. January 2023. Archived from the original on 2025-01-02. Retrieved 2025-01-02.
  5. "Carolina Built by Kianna Alexander". Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-9821-6369-3. Archived from the original on 2025-01-02. Retrieved 2025-01-02.
  6. "Review of Carolina Built by Kianna Alexander". Kirkus Reviews. 2021-10-12. Retrieved 2025-01-02.
  7. Daniels, Kimberly (2022-02-18). "The Country Bookshop loves Carolina Built by Kianna Alexander". The Southern Bookseller Review. Archived from the original on 2023-12-01. Retrieved 2025-01-02.
  8. "Review of Carolina Built by Kianna Alexander". Publishers Weekly. 2021-11-18. Archived from the original on 2025-01-02. Retrieved 2025-01-02.
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