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'''Shroug''' (]: الشروق; ]: الشروگ; lit. "those from the east") is a term in Iraq used to describe a Shia Arab social group from Southern Iraq. The word Shroug had also been used as a derogatory term by Sunni Arabs against Shia Arabs of Southern Iraq.<ref name="مولد تلقائيا12">{{استشهاد ويب|عنوان=الشروكية . . من هم|مسار=http://elsada.net/26720/|تاريخ الوصول=2021-08-24|موقع=الصدى.نت|تاريخ=2017-01-05|الأخير=ابراهيم|الأول=ادهم|لغة=ar|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808121413/http://elsada.net/26720/|تاريخ أرشيف=8 أغسطس 2020}}</ref><ref>{{استشهاد ويب|عنوان=الگاردينيا - مجلة ثقافية عامة - وَرْوَرْ والمعدان.........|مسار=https://www.algardenia.com/maqalat/15361-2015-03-08-17-22-13.html|تاريخ الوصول=2018-11-26|موقع=www.algardenia.com|الأخير=جلال|لغة=ar-aa|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126222850/https://www.algardenia.com/maqalat/15361-2015-03-08-17-22-13.html|تاريخ أرشيف=26 نوفمبر 2018}}</ref> '''Shroug''' (]: الشروق; ]: الشروگ; lit. "easterners") is a term in ] used to describe a Shia Arab social group from Southern Iraq. The word Shroug had also been used as a derogatory term by Sunni Arabs against Shia Arabs of Southern Iraq.<ref name="مولد تلقائيا12">{{cite web|access-date=2021-08-24 |archive-date=8 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808121413/http://elsada.net/26720/ |date=2017-01-05 |first=ادهم |language=ar |last=ابراهيم |title=الشروكية . . من هم |url=http://elsada.net/26720/ |website=الصدى.نت}}<!-- auto-translated from Arabic by Module:CS1 translator --></ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=2018-11-26 |archive-date=26 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126222850/https://www.algardenia.com/maqalat/15361-2015-03-08-17-22-13.html |language=ar-aa |last=جلال |title=الگاردينيا - مجلة ثقافية عامة - وَرْوَرْ والمعدان......... |url=https://www.algardenia.com/maqalat/15361-2015-03-08-17-22-13.html |website=www.algardenia.com}}<!-- auto-translated from Arabic by Module:CS1 translator --></ref><ref name="Williams2">{{cite book |last=Williams |first=Victoria |title=Indigenous peoples: an encyclopedia of culture, history, and threats to survival |date=2020 |isbn=978-1-4408-6118-5 |publication-place=Santa Barbara, California |page=706 |oclc=1108783575}}</ref>


== History == == History ==
The term Shroug was used by the Sunni tribes of the Middle Euphrates to refer to the Shia tribes around ]. Shroug literally meant "easterners" and was sometimes used as a slur.<ref name="Wardi2">د.]. دراسة في طبيعة المجتمع العراقي. ص 135-136.</ref><ref name=":0">التأثيل: مفهومه و مبادؤه و اقسامه - مقاربة في فكر اللسانيين العراقيين؛ ربيعي، بتول عبد الكاظم حمد؛ 2022؛ pp. 186</ref> The Sunni tribes of the Middle Euphrates tribes viewed the Shroug as having deviated from their Bedouin tributes and changed their traditions and customs.<ref>] (1920). الحقائق الناصعة في الثورة العراقية. ج 1، ص 22.</ref> The term Shroug was used by the Sunni tribes of the Middle Euphrates to refer to the Shia tribes around ]. Shroug literally meant "easterners" and was sometimes used as a slur. Later, the term expanded to include all of Southern Iraq.<ref name="Wardi2">د.]. دراسة في طبيعة المجتمع العراقي. ص 135-136.</ref><ref name=":0">التأثيل: مفهومه و مبادؤه و اقسامه - مقاربة في فكر اللسانيين العراقيين؛ ربيعي، بتول عبد الكاظم حمد؛ 2022؛ pp. 186</ref><ref name="Williams2"/> The Sunni tribes of the Middle Euphrates tribes viewed the Shroug as having deviated from their Bedouin tributes and changed their traditions and customs.<ref>] (1920). الحقائق الناصعة في الثورة العراقية. ج 1، ص 22.</ref>


The misery and extreme poverty of the Shroug was one of the causes of the July 14, 1958 revolution. Their number in 1958 was estimated at about 100,000 people.<ref>]. العراق: الطبقات الاجتماعية والحركات الثورية من العهد العثماني حتى قيام الجمهورية. المجلد الأول، ص 70.</ref> The Shroug later increased their social prominence as they began migrating from the countryside to the cities.<ref name="Wardi2" /> Some Shroug also resided in the Marshes alongside the ].<ref>المفصل في تاريخ العرب قبل الإسلام / د. جواد علي / الجزء الأول – الفصول 1-40 / لفظة العرب</ref> Although the term Shroug initially referred to Amara District, it later was used to refer to Shia Arabs from Southern and Southeastern Iraq.<ref>صالح الشالجي، باب شرق بغداد، مجلة آفاق عربية، ديسمبر 1979</ref> Others claimed that the term Shroug had Mesopotamian origins, either from "Sharubak", meaning "the natives" in ], or from "Sherk", which occurred in the name of ], which meant "just" or "righteous" in ].<ref name="مولد تلقائيا1" /><ref name=":0" /> The extreme poverty and social stigmatism of the Shroug later changed after ] came to power. Their number in 1958 was estimated at 100,000 people.<ref>]. العراق: الطبقات الاجتماعية والحركات الثورية من العهد العثماني حتى قيام الجمهورية. المجلد الأول، ص 70.</ref> The Qasim government built ] as a complex where Shroug were settled.<ref>تراتيل على شاطىء البحر قصة العراق: الجزء الأول، سعد عبد القادر ماهر؛ 2019 pp. 129</ref> The Shroug later increased their social prominence as they began migrating from the countryside to the cities.<ref name="Wardi2" /> Some Shroug also resided in the Marshes alongside the ].<ref name="ReferenceA">المفصل في تاريخ العرب قبل الإسلام / د. جواد علي / الجزء الأول – الفصول 1-40 / لفظة العرب</ref> Although the term Shroug initially referred to Amara District, it later was used to refer to Shia Arabs from Southern and Southeastern Iraq.<ref>صالح الشالجي، باب شرق بغداد، مجلة آفاق عربية، ديسمبر 1979</ref> Others claimed that the term Shroug had Mesopotamian origins, either from "Sharubak", meaning "the natives" in ], or from "Sherk", which occurred in the name of ], which meant "just" or "righteous" in ].<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name=":0" />


== References == == References ==
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Latest revision as of 12:36, 5 January 2025

Shroug (Arabic: الشروق; Iraqi Arabic: الشروگ; lit. "easterners") is a term in Iraq used to describe a Shia Arab social group from Southern Iraq. The word Shroug had also been used as a derogatory term by Sunni Arabs against Shia Arabs of Southern Iraq.

History

The term Shroug was used by the Sunni tribes of the Middle Euphrates to refer to the Shia tribes around Amara District. Shroug literally meant "easterners" and was sometimes used as a slur. Later, the term expanded to include all of Southern Iraq. The Sunni tribes of the Middle Euphrates tribes viewed the Shroug as having deviated from their Bedouin tributes and changed their traditions and customs.

The extreme poverty and social stigmatism of the Shroug later changed after Abdul-Karim Qasim came to power. Their number in 1958 was estimated at 100,000 people. The Qasim government built Sadr City as a complex where Shroug were settled. The Shroug later increased their social prominence as they began migrating from the countryside to the cities. Some Shroug also resided in the Marshes alongside the Marsh Arabs. Although the term Shroug initially referred to Amara District, it later was used to refer to Shia Arabs from Southern and Southeastern Iraq. Others claimed that the term Shroug had Mesopotamian origins, either from "Sharubak", meaning "the natives" in Sumerian, or from "Sherk", which occurred in the name of Sharrukin, which meant "just" or "righteous" in Akkadian.

References

  1. ابراهيم, ادهم (2017-01-05). "الشروكية . . من هم". الصدى.نت (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 2021-08-24.
  2. جلال. "الگاردينيا - مجلة ثقافية عامة - وَرْوَرْ والمعدان..." www.algardenia.com (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 26 November 2018. Retrieved 2018-11-26.
  3. ^ Williams, Victoria (2020). Indigenous peoples: an encyclopedia of culture, history, and threats to survival. Santa Barbara, California. p. 706. ISBN 978-1-4408-6118-5. OCLC 1108783575.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ^ د.علي الوردي. دراسة في طبيعة المجتمع العراقي. ص 135-136.
  5. ^ التأثيل: مفهومه و مبادؤه و اقسامه - مقاربة في فكر اللسانيين العراقيين؛ ربيعي، بتول عبد الكاظم حمد؛ 2022؛ pp. 186
  6. فريق مزهر الفرعون (1920). الحقائق الناصعة في الثورة العراقية. ج 1، ص 22.
  7. حنا بطاطو. العراق: الطبقات الاجتماعية والحركات الثورية من العهد العثماني حتى قيام الجمهورية. المجلد الأول، ص 70.
  8. تراتيل على شاطىء البحر قصة العراق: الجزء الأول، سعد عبد القادر ماهر؛ 2019 pp. 129
  9. ^ المفصل في تاريخ العرب قبل الإسلام / د. جواد علي / الجزء الأول – الفصول 1-40 / لفظة العرب
  10. صالح الشالجي، باب شرق بغداد، مجلة آفاق عربية، ديسمبر 1979
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