| Revision as of 22:54, 6 January 2025 editMaybeItsBecauseImALondoner (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users16,195 edits ←Created page with '{{Expand Italian|Catacomba di Trasone}} The '''Catacomb of Trasone''' is a catacomb on the left side of the ancient via Salaria, at its junction with via Yser, in the modern-day Parioli quarter of Rome. Begun in the 3rd century, is named after Trason, a rich Christian Roman citizen under Diocletian and the owner of the land in which it was dug - he is named in a martyrdom account of Susanna of Rome. Ancient sources also...' | Latest revision as of 23:36, 6 January 2025 edit undoMaybeItsBecauseImALondoner (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users16,195 editsNo edit summary | ||
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| {{Short description|Catacomb in Rome, Italy}} | |||
| {{Expand Italian|Catacomba di Trasone}} | |||
| The '''Catacomb of Trasone''' is a ] on the left side of the ancient ], at its junction with via Yser, in the modern-day ] quarter of Rome. Begun in the 3rd century, is named after Trason, a rich Christian Roman citizen under ] and the owner of the land in which it was dug - he is named in a martyrdom account of ]. Ancient sources also call it ''Coemeterium Thrasonis ad s. Saturninum'' (the cemetery of Thrason at |
The '''Catacomb of Trasone''' is a ] on the left side of the ancient ], at its junction with via Yser, in the modern-day ] quarter of Rome. Begun in the 3rd century, is named after Trason or Thrason, a rich Christian Roman citizen under ] and the owner of the land in which it was dug - he is named in a martyrdom account of ]. Ancient sources also call it ''Coemeterium Thrasonis ad s. Saturninum'' (the cemetery of Thrason at ] in memory of the main martyr buried there, the remains of whose above-ground basilica were still visible late in the 16th century. | ||
| ==Martyrs== | |||
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| The most famous saint buried here was ] - the '']'', in its entry for 29 November, records that he was buried in "the Trason" cemetery on the via Salaria. Originating in Carthage, he was exiled to Rome during the ] and died during persecution by ]. | |||
| == Topografia == | |||
| La catacomba, come detto, è posta sul lato sinistro dell'antica via ''Salaria nova'', oggi all'incrocio con via Yser: vi si accede passando attraverso un tombino. Essa ha avuto origine da una cava di arenaria trasformata in luogo di sepoltura: da questa cava si sono poi sviluppate gallerie disposte su cinque piani; è una delle più profonde catacombe di Roma. Essa si estende quasi completamente sotto l'attuale ] ed il suo parco, mentre un lucernario è visibile nel cortile della Palazzina Reale di ]. | |||
| The late 7th century pilgrims' itinerary '']'' states that the catacomb contained the bodies of 72 martyrs, whilst the 12 August entry in the 5th century '']'' states that ] were buried in it. No trace of these saints has been found in the catacomb. | |||
| == Storia == | |||
| Le catacombe hanno origine nel ]. Nel sopraterra venne costruita una basilica dedicata a San Saturnino, la cui esistenza è attestata dal '']'' nella biografia di ] (]-]), in cui si afferma che il pontefice la rifece dalle fondamenta; altri restauri furono eseguiti sotto ] (]-]) e ] (]-]). Gli antichi itinerari dei pellegrini, in particolare la '']'' (chiamato ''itinerario di Salisburgo'' perché scoperto in un codice di ], oggi conservato alla biblioteca nazionale di ]), parlano anche dell'esistenza di una basilica ipogea, dedicata ai martiri ]. | |||
| ==History== | |||
| In epoca moderna, il primo a scoprire e a penetrare nella catacomba di Trasone fu ] alla fine del ]: nei resti della basilica di San Saturnino (chiamata ai suoi tempi ''di santa Citronina'') scoprì il passaggio, oggi scomparso, che immetteva nelle gallerie sotterranee. Le stesse scoperte furono fatte nel ] dal Torrigio. Come la maggior parte delle catacombe romane, nel corso del ]-] la nostra catacomba fu devastata dai cosiddetti ''corpisantari'', cercatori di reliquie che penetravano nei cimiteri ipogei per asportare tutto ciò che potevano. Nel secolo scorso, scavi e studi sulla catacomba furono intrapresi a partire dal ]. | |||
| It originated as a sandstone quarry transformed into a burial place in the 3rd century: from this quarry five levels of galleries branched out (it is one of Rome's deepest catacombs), extending almost completely under the current ] and its park, while a skylight is visible in the courtyard of the Royal Palace of ]. A basilica to Saint Saturninus was built above ground, as is mentioned in the life of ] in the '']'', stating that he restored its foundations. It was also restored by ] and ]. The '']'' and other pilgrims' itineraries mention an underground basilica dedicated to Chysanthus and Daria. | |||
| It was first rediscovered late in the 16th century by ] who in the remains of the above-ground basilica (then known as the basilica of Saint Citonina) discovered a now-lost passage leading to the underground galleries. This was discovered again in 1629 by Torrigio, but it was devastated by relic-hunters in the 17th and 18th centuries. It was excavated from 1966 onwards. | |||
| == I martiri di Trasone == | |||
| Il santo più famoso sepolto nella catacomba di Trasone, e che dette pure il nome ad essa, è ]: la '']'', alla data del 29 novembre, ricorda la sepoltura del martire nel cimitero sulla via Salaria: ''III kal. dec. Saturnini in Trasonis''. Saturnino era originario di ], esiliato a Roma durante la persecuzione dell'imperatore ] (]-]) e morto durante la persecuzione ordinata da ] nel ]-]. | |||
| ==Description== | |||
| Il '']'' (altro itinerario per pellegrini della fine del ]) riporta la notizia secondo la quale nel cimitero di Trasone erano sepolti 72 martiri. Infine il '']'' indica al 12 agosto la sepoltura in Trasone dei santi ]. Di tutti questi santi non è stata ancora trovata traccia archeologica nella catacomba. | |||
| The current manhole entrance leads down to the first level. The second level was the former quarry, from which one descends to the lower levels. | |||
| On the fourth level are two frescoes which allow the complex to be dated, one showing Moses striking the rock to make water flow and the other showing two scenes from the ]. They can be dated to the late 3rd or early 4th century, whilst an inscription dedicated to a Severa can be dated to 269. | |||
| == Descrizione == | |||
| Dall'attuale accesso si scende al primo livello della catacomba; il secondo livello corrisponde all'antica cava di arenaria, da cui si scende ai livelli inferiori. Di particolare importanza sono due affreschi, che permettono la datazione delle origini del complesso funerario: uno raffigura l'episodio biblico di Mosè che percuote la roccia per farne scaturire acqua; l'altro raffigura due scene tratte dal libro di Giona: questi affreschi, posti al quarto livello, sono databili alla fine del ] o all'inizio del ]. Inoltre al secondo livello, tra le tante epigrafi trovate, ve n'è una, dedicata a Severa, databile al ] d.C. | |||
| ⚫ | == Bibliography (in Italian) == | ||
| ---> | |||
| * {{cite book|author=Leonella De Santis |author2=Giuseppe Biamonte |date=1997 |location=Roma |pp=170-172 |publisher=Newton Compton Editori |title=Le catacombe di Roma}}<!-- auto-translated from Italian by Module:CS1 translator --> | |||
| ⚫ | == |
||
| * {{Cita libro|titolo=Le catacombe di Roma|autore=Leonella De Santis|autore2=Giuseppe Biamonte|editore=Newton Compton Editori|città=Roma|anno=1997|pp=170-172|ISBN=978-88-541-2771-5}} | |||
| * ], ''Archeologia Cristiana'', ], 1980, p. 251 | * ], ''Archeologia Cristiana'', ], 1980, p. 251 | ||
Latest revision as of 23:36, 6 January 2025
Catacomb in Rome, ItalyThe Catacomb of Trasone is a catacomb on the left side of the ancient via Salaria, at its junction with via Yser, in the modern-day Parioli quarter of Rome. Begun in the 3rd century, is named after Trason or Thrason, a rich Christian Roman citizen under Diocletian and the owner of the land in which it was dug - he is named in a martyrdom account of Susanna of Rome. Ancient sources also call it Coemeterium Thrasonis ad s. Saturninum (the cemetery of Thrason at saint Saturninus in memory of the main martyr buried there, the remains of whose above-ground basilica were still visible late in the 16th century.
Martyrs
The most famous saint buried here was Saturninus of Carthage - the Chronograph of 354, in its entry for 29 November, records that he was buried in "the Trason" cemetery on the via Salaria. Originating in Carthage, he was exiled to Rome during the Decian Persecution and died during persecution by Valerian.
The late 7th century pilgrims' itinerary De locis sanctis martyrum quae sunt foris civitatis Romae states that the catacomb contained the bodies of 72 martyrs, whilst the 12 August entry in the 5th century Martyrologium Hieronymianum states that Chrysanthus and Daria were buried in it. No trace of these saints has been found in the catacomb.
History
It originated as a sandstone quarry transformed into a burial place in the 3rd century: from this quarry five levels of galleries branched out (it is one of Rome's deepest catacombs), extending almost completely under the current Villa Grazioli and its park, while a skylight is visible in the courtyard of the Royal Palace of Villa Ada. A basilica to Saint Saturninus was built above ground, as is mentioned in the life of Pope Felix IV in the Liber Pontificalis, stating that he restored its foundations. It was also restored by Pope Adrian I and Pope Gregory IV. The Notitia ecclesiarum urbis Romae and other pilgrims' itineraries mention an underground basilica dedicated to Chysanthus and Daria.
It was first rediscovered late in the 16th century by Antonio Bosio who in the remains of the above-ground basilica (then known as the basilica of Saint Citonina) discovered a now-lost passage leading to the underground galleries. This was discovered again in 1629 by Torrigio, but it was devastated by relic-hunters in the 17th and 18th centuries. It was excavated from 1966 onwards.
Description
The current manhole entrance leads down to the first level. The second level was the former quarry, from which one descends to the lower levels.
On the fourth level are two frescoes which allow the complex to be dated, one showing Moses striking the rock to make water flow and the other showing two scenes from the Book of Jonah. They can be dated to the late 3rd or early 4th century, whilst an inscription dedicated to a Severa can be dated to 269.
Bibliography (in Italian)
- Leonella De Santis; Giuseppe Biamonte (1997). Le catacombe di Roma. Roma: Newton Compton Editori. pp. 170–172.
- Pasquale Testini, Archeologia Cristiana, Edipuglia, 1980, p. 251