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Floods in ] are a common phenomenon that causes significant economic damage and loss of life. Heavy rainfall, exceeding 100 mm within 24 hours, can lead to rapid rises in water levels, causing floods.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Extreme weather events in Europe for 2021 and beyond |url=https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/millimaninc5660-milliman6442-prod27d5-0001/media/Milliman/PDFs/2022-Articles/3-28-22_Europe-Extreme-Weather-report.pdf#:~:text=In%20September%202021%2C%20Hanover,was%20estimated&text=estimated%20that%20the%20German,was%20estimated&text=disaster%20will%20cost%20insurers,was%20estimated&text=to%20EUR%2010%20billion.,was%20estimated |website=MILLIMAN REPORT}}</ref> The ], ], ], and ] rivers are prone to flooding due to their proximity to the ] and dense tributary network. According to the ] of the Interior, Building, and Community (BMI), floods have caused an average of €1.3 billion in damages annually between 1990 and 2019.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tovar Reaños |first=Miguel A. |date=2021-02-01 |title=Floods, flood policies and changes in welfare and inequality: Evidence from Germany |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921800919317136#:~:text=In%202013,%20floods%20caused,government%20accounted&text=damage%20of%20approx.%20Eight,government%20accounted&text=in%20Germany%20(BMI%202013).,government%20accounted&text=total%20compensation%20provided%20by,government%20accounted |journal=Ecological Economics |volume=180 |pages=106879 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106879 |issn=0921-8009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Madruga de Brito |first=Mariana |last2=Sodoge |first2=Jan |last3=Kreibich |first3=Heidi |last4=Kuhlicke |first4=Christian |date=2025 |title=Comprehensive Assessment of Flood Socioeconomic Impacts Through Text-Mining |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2024WR037813?af=R#:~:text=AGU%20Journals%20span%20a,the%20world.&text=wide%20range%20of%20subjects.,the%20world.&text=AGU%20Journals%20editors%20welcome,the%20world.&text=contributions%20from%20authors%20throughout |journal=Water Resources Research |language=en |volume=61 |issue=1 |pages=e2024WR037813 |doi=10.1029/2024WR037813 |issn=1944-7973}}</ref> |
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Floods in ] are a common phenomenon that causes significant economic damage and loss of life. Heavy rainfall, exceeding 100 mm within 24 hours, can lead to rapid rises in water levels, causing floods.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Extreme weather events in Europe for 2021 and beyond |url=https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/millimaninc5660-milliman6442-prod27d5-0001/media/Milliman/PDFs/2022-Articles/3-28-22_Europe-Extreme-Weather-report.pdf#:~:text=In%20September%202021%2C%20Hanover,was%20estimated&text=estimated%20that%20the%20German,was%20estimated&text=disaster%20will%20cost%20insurers,was%20estimated&text=to%20EUR%2010%20billion.,was%20estimated |website=MILLIMAN REPORT}}</ref> The ], ], ], and ] rivers are prone to flooding due to their proximity to the ] and dense tributary network. According to the ] of the Interior, Building, and Community (BMI), floods have caused an average of €1.3 billion in damages annually between 1990 and 2019.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tovar Reaños |first=Miguel A. |date=2021-02-01 |title=Floods, flood policies and changes in welfare and inequality: Evidence from Germany |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921800919317136#:~:text=In%202013,%20floods%20caused,government%20accounted&text=damage%20of%20approx.%20Eight,government%20accounted&text=in%20Germany%20(BMI%202013).,government%20accounted&text=total%20compensation%20provided%20by,government%20accounted |journal=Ecological Economics |volume=180 |pages=106879 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106879 |issn=0921-8009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Madruga de Brito |first=Mariana |last2=Sodoge |first2=Jan |last3=Kreibich |first3=Heidi |last4=Kuhlicke |first4=Christian |date=2025 |title=Comprehensive Assessment of Flood Socioeconomic Impacts Through Text-Mining |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2024WR037813?af=R#:~:text=AGU%20Journals%20span%20a,the%20world.&text=wide%20range%20of%20subjects.,the%20world.&text=AGU%20Journals%20editors%20welcome,the%20world.&text=contributions%20from%20authors%20throughout |journal=Water Resources Research |language=en |volume=61 |issue=1 |pages=e2024WR037813 |doi=10.1029/2024WR037813 |issn=1944-7973}}</ref> |
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== List of Floods == |
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== List of floods == |
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=== North Sea flood of 1962 === |
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=== North Sea flood of 1962 === |
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* The ], also known as the Great Flood of ], occurred between February 16 and 17, 1962. A powerful storm surge caused flooding in the ], with water levels reaching 5.7 meters above sea level.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-07-02 |title=The Great Flood of 1962 in Hamburg |url=https://www.environmentandsociety.org/arcadia/great-flood-1962-hamburg#:~:text=On%20the%20night%20of,sixty%20locations.&text=Hamburg.%20Storm%20front%20Vincinette,sixty%20locations.&text=water%20into%20the%20mouth,sixty%20locations.&text=level%20towards%20the%20city%E2%80%99s,sixty%20locations. |access-date=2025-01-13 |website=Environment & Society Portal |language=en}}</ref> The flood led to widespread damage and infrastructure collapse in ], resulting in around 347 reported fatalities and approximately 60,000 individuals displaced.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Storm Flood 1962 - HHLA |url=https://hhla.de/en/company/history/storm-flood-1962#:~:text=Eleven%20minutes%20after%20midnight,,eventually%20recorded.&text=urban%20area%20was%20flooded,eventually%20recorded.&text=of%20Wilhelmsburg,%20protected%20by,eventually%20recorded.&text=were%20evacuated%20over%20the,eventually%20recorded. |access-date=2025-01-13 |website=HHLA Hamburger Hafen und Logistik AG |language=en}}</ref> In response to the disaster, rescue efforts involving over 26,000 personnel were undertaken.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Defensie |first=Ministerie van |date=2017-09-12 |title=Storm surge in Hamburg - Historical missions - Defensie.nl |url=https://english.defensie.nl/topics/historical-missions/mission-overview/1962/storm-surge-in-hamburg#:~:text=This%20natural%20disaster%20cost,city%E2%80%99s%20aid.&text=from%20the%20German%20Hanse,city%E2%80%99s%20aid.&text=than%2060.000%20people%20were,city%E2%80%99s%20aid.&text=8.000%20Bundeswehr%20soldiers%20and,city%E2%80%99s%20aid. |access-date=2025-01-13 |website=english.defensie.nl |language=en-GB}}</ref> |
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* The ], also known as the Great Flood of ], occurred between February 16 and 17, 1962. A powerful storm surge caused flooding in the ], with water levels reaching {{Convert|5.7|m}} above sea level.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-07-02 |title=The Great Flood of 1962 in Hamburg |url=https://www.environmentandsociety.org/arcadia/great-flood-1962-hamburg#:~:text=On%20the%20night%20of,sixty%20locations.&text=Hamburg.%20Storm%20front%20Vincinette,sixty%20locations.&text=water%20into%20the%20mouth,sixty%20locations.&text=level%20towards%20the%20city%E2%80%99s,sixty%20locations. |access-date=2025-01-13 |website=Environment & Society Portal |language=en}}</ref> The flood led to widespread damage and infrastructure collapse in Hamburg, resulting in around 347 reported fatalities and approximately 60,000 individuals displaced.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Storm Flood 1962 - HHLA |url=https://hhla.de/en/company/history/storm-flood-1962#:~:text=Eleven%20minutes%20after%20midnight,,eventually%20recorded.&text=urban%20area%20was%20flooded,eventually%20recorded.&text=of%20Wilhelmsburg,%20protected%20by,eventually%20recorded.&text=were%20evacuated%20over%20the,eventually%20recorded. |access-date=2025-01-13 |website=HHLA Hamburger Hafen und Logistik AG |language=en}}</ref> In response to the disaster, rescue efforts involving over 26,000 personnel were undertaken.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Defensie |first=Ministerie van |date=2017-09-12 |title=Storm surge in Hamburg - Historical missions - Defensie.nl |url=https://english.defensie.nl/topics/historical-missions/mission-overview/1962/storm-surge-in-hamburg#:~:text=This%20natural%20disaster%20cost,city%E2%80%99s%20aid.&text=from%20the%20German%20Hanse,city%E2%80%99s%20aid.&text=than%2060.000%20people%20were,city%E2%80%99s%20aid.&text=8.000%20Bundeswehr%20soldiers%20and,city%E2%80%99s%20aid. |access-date=2025-01-13 |website=english.defensie.nl |language=en-GB}}</ref> |
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== References == |
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== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
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