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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see ] -->
{{Wikify|date=April 2007}}

:''For a detailed description of the events in the Kansas area, see ]''.
{| style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #00009C; background: #FFFFE0;" align="right" {| style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #00009C; background: #FFFFE0;" align="right"
|- |-
!Important dates in Kansas's history<br>] !Important dates in Kansas's history<br>]
|- |-
| style="border-top: 1px solid; font-size: smaller;" | | style="border-top: 1px solid; font-size: smaller;" |
;July–August 1541 : ] explores Kansas ;July–August 1541: ] explores Kansas
;April 30, 1803 : ] Treaty signed ;April 30, 1803: ]; US buys most of Kansas
;May 30, 1854 : ] organized ;May 30, 1854: ] organized
;July 29, 1859 : ] adopted by convention ;July 29, 1859: ] adopted by convention; prohibits slavery
;January 29, 1861: ] becomes 34th state ;January 29, 1861: ] becomes 34th state
;August 21, 1863: ] on Lawrence ;August 21, 1863: ] on Lawrence
;Spring 1879: ] ;Spring 1879: ]
;February 19, 1881 : First state to Constitutionally ] ;February 19, 1881: First state to ]
;1890s: ] ;1890s: ]
;July 1951: ] ;July 1951: ]
;May 17, 1954 : '']'' ;May 1954: '']''
|} |}


The '''timeline of Kansas''' is rich with the lore of the American West. Located on the eastern edge of the Great Plains, the U.S. state of ] was the home of nomadic Native American tribes who hunted the vast herds of bison. The region first appears in western history in the 16th century at the time of the Spanish conquest of Mexico, when Spanish conquistadores explored the unknown land now known as Kansas. It was later explored by French fur trappers who traded with the Native Americans. It became part of the United States in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. In the 19th century, the first American explorers designated the area as the "Great American Desert." The '''timeline of Kansas''' details past events that happened in what is present day ]. Located on the eastern edge of the Great Plains, the U.S. state of Kansas was the home of sedentary agrarian and ] ] societies, many of whom hunted ]. The region first appears in western history in the 16th century at the time of the ], when Spanish ] explored the unknown land now known as Kansas. It was later explored by French fur trappers who traded with the Native Americans. It became part of the United States in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. In the 19th century, the first American explorers designated the area as the "Great American Desert."


When the area was opened to Euro-American settlement in the 1850s, Kansas became the first battlefield in the conflict in the American Civil War. After the war, Kansas was home to Wild West towns servicing the cattle trade. With the railroads came heavy immigration from the East, from Europe, and from Freedmen called "Exodusters". For much of its history, Kansas has had a rural economy based on wheat and other crops, supplemented by oil and railroads. Since 1945 the farm population has sharply declined and manufacturing has become more important, typified by the aircraft industry of Wichita. When the area was opened to Euro-American settlement in the 1850s, Kansas became the first battlefield in the conflict in the American Civil War. After the war, Kansas was home to Wild West towns servicing the cattle trade. With the railroads came heavy immigration from the East, from Europe, and from Freedmen called "Exodusters". For much of its history, Kansas has had a ] based on wheat and other crops, supplemented by oil and railroads. Since 1945 the farm population has sharply declined and manufacturing has become more important, typified by the aircraft industry of Wichita.


==Early history== ==Early history==
{{History of Kansas sidebar}}
* 1541 : Francisco Vasquez de Coronado, the Spanish conquistador, visited Kansas.
* 10,000-9000 BCE: First evidence of human beings in Kansas<ref name=khs> ''Kansas Historical Society.'' Retrieved 25 Jan 2012.</ref>
* 1600s : Kansa (sometimes Kaw) and Osage Nation (originally Ouasash) arrived in Kansas. (The Kansa claimed that they occupied the territory since 1673.)
* 1450: ] founded the historical city of ], near the modern day ].
* 1719 : Europeans visited the Northern Pawnees.
* 1500–1800: Proto-historic indigenous peoples in Kansas include the ], ], ], and ].<ref name=khs/>
* 1724 : French commander at Fort Orleans, Etienne de Bourgmont, visited the Kansas River and established a trading post there, near the main Kansa village at the mouth of the river. Around the same time, the Otoe tribe of the Sioux also inhabited various areas around the northeast corner of Kansas.
* 1541: ], the Spanish conquistador, visits Kansas.
* End of the 18th century : Kansa and Osage Nation dominant in the eastern part of the state — the Kansa on the Kansas River to the North and the Osage on the Arkansas River to the South. Pawnees were dominant on the plains to the west and north of the Kansa and Osage nations, in regions home to massive herds of buffalo.
* 17th century: Kansa (sometimes ]) and ] arrive in Kansas. (The Kansa claim that they occupied the territory since 1674.)
* 1803 : Kansas, as part of the Louisiana Purchase, was annexed to the United States as unorganized territory.
* 1650–1750: ], relatives of the ] built villages in Kansas.<ref name=scott> ''Scott County, Kansas.'' Retrieved 25 Jan 2012.</ref>
* 1806 : Zebulon Pike passed through the region, and labelled it "the Great American Desert" on his maps.
* 1664: ] Indians found refuge in ] after fleeing the Spaniards.<ref name=scott/>
* 1702: ] is built by ] people, who fled the Spanish in ].<ref name=scott/>
* 1719: First Europeans visit the Northern ].1724: French commander at ], ], visits the ] and establishes a trading post here, near the main Kansa village at the mouth of the river. Around the same time, the ] tribe of the ] also inhabit various areas around the northeast corner of Kansas.
* 1780: The Kansa tribe moves its village further up the Kansas River to the junction of the Big Blue River, the current site of ]. The settlement is named Blue Earth Village.<ref name=Frontier>{{cite book | last = Olson | first = Kevin | title = Frontier Manhattan | publisher = University Press of Kansas | year = 2012 | pages = 9–10 | isbn = 978-0-7006-1832-3}}</ref>
* End of the 18th century: Kansa and Osage Nation dominant in the eastern part of the state — the Kansa on the Kansas River to the north and the Osage on the ] to the south. Pawnees were dominant on the plains to the west and north of the Kansa and Osage nations, in regions home to massive herds of ].
* 1803: Kansas, as part of the ], annexed to the United States as unorganized territory.
* 1806: ] passes through the region, and labels it "the ]" on his maps.
* 1812: The Kansa and Pawnee fight a large battle at Blue Earth Village.


==1820s to 1840s: Indian treaties and westward trails==
* 1820s: Kansas area (by then popularly known as the Great American Desert) is set aside as Indian territory by the U.S. government and closed to settlement by whites.
* 1821: After a brief period as part of ], Kansas returned to unorganized status.
* 1821: ] was opened across Kansas as country's transportation route to the Southwest, connecting Missouri with ], ].
* 1825, June 3: 20 million acres (81000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) of land ceded by the ] to the United States, and the Kansa tribe are thereafter limited to a specific reservation in northeast Kansas.
* 1825, June: Osage Nation was limited to a reservation in southeast Kansas.
* 1825, November 7: Missouri Shawanoes (or ]s) are the first Native Americans removed to the territory by treaty.
* 1827, May 8: Cantonment Leavenworth, or ], (named in honor of ]) built just inside Indian territory to guard travelers on the United States' Western frontier. This was the first permanent settlement of white Americans in the future state of Kansas.
* 1830: ] expedites the process of Indian removal.
* 1831, August 30: ] cede land to the United States and move to a small reservation on the Kansas River and its branches.
* 1832, April 6: Ottawa treaty ratified.
* 1832, October 24: U.S. government moves the ] to a reservation in ].
* 1832, October 29: ]s and ]s agree to occupy 250 sections of land, bounded on the north by the Shawanoes; east by the western boundary line of Missouri; and west by the ]s and Peorias.
* 1833, September 21: Treaty made with the United States and the Otoe tribe cedes their country south of the Little Nemaha River.
* 1836, September 17: The confederacy of the Sacs and Foxes in a treaty with the United States moved north of Kickapoos.
* 1837, February 11: United States agrees to convey to the ]s an area on the Osage River, southwest of the Missouri River.
* 1840s: Section of the Santa Fe Trail through Kansas also used by emigrants on the ] and ].
* 1842: Treaty between the United States and the ], the Wyandots moved to the junction of the Kansas and Missouri Rivers (on land that was shared with the Delaware until 1843).
* 1844: The ], the biggest flood ever recorded on the Missouri River and Upper Mississippi River
* 1846: ] reservation reduced by treaty.
* 1847: Potawatomis are moved again, to an area containing 576,000 acres (2,330&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), being the eastern part of the lands ceded to the United States by the Kansa tribe in 1846.


==1850 to 1854: Washington opens the territory; Indian tribes sell their lands==
* 1850: Americans pioneers demand the entire area to be opened for settlement.
* 1851, September 17: ] and ] tribes negotiate with the United States for land in western Kansas (the current state of Colorado).
* 1852: Congress begins the process of creating the ].
* 1852, December 13: Representative from Missouri submits a bill organizing the Territory of Platte to the House: all the tract lying west of Iowa and Missouri, and extending west to the Rocky Mountains.
* 1852: ] attempts to establish a Territorial government in their section of Indian territory.
* 1854: Nearly all the tribes in the eastern part of the Territory cede the greater part of their lands prior to the passage of the Kansas territorial act and are eventually moved south to the ] (the future state of Oklahoma.)
* 1854, May 30: After intense debate the ] becomes law, establishing the ] and Kansas Territory, which delineate the borders of Kansas Territory set from the Missouri border to the summit of the Rocky Mountain range; the southern boundary was the ], the northern was the ]. North of the 40th parallel was Nebraska Territory.
* 1854: A new antislavery party is formed in protest: the ]
* 1854, June 10: Missourians hold a meeting at Salt Creek Valley, a trading post three miles (5&nbsp;km) west of ], at which a "Squatter's Claim Association" is organized.


==1855 to 1859: State formation==
==1820s to 1840s : Indian treaties and westward trails ==
* 1855: Massachusetts Emigrant Aid Company arrange and send anti-slavery settlers into Kansas.
* 1820s : Kansas area (by then popularly known as the Great American Desert) was set aside as Indian territory by the U.S. government and closed to settlement by whites.
* 1855, March 30: ]ans who had streamed across the border (known as "Border Ruffians") fill the ballot boxes in favor of pro-slavery candidates. As a result, pro-slavery candidates prevail at every polling district except one (the future ]), and the first official legislature is overwhelmingly composed of pro-slavery delegates.
* 1821 : After a brief period as part of Missouri Territory, Kansas returned to unorganized status.
* 1855: Kansas Territory violence and some open battles rise.
* 1821 : Santa Fe Trail was opened across Kansas as country's transportation route to the Southwest, connecting Missouri with Santa Fe, New Mexico.
* 1855, November 11: ] adopted by a convention of Free-Staters.
* 1825, June 3 : 20 million acres (81000 km²) of land was ceded by the Kansa Nation to the United States, and the Kansa tribe was thereafter limited to a specific reservation in northeast Kansas.
* 1855, December 1: Small army of Missourians, acting under the command of Douglas County, Kansas Sheriff Samuel J. Jones, laid siege to the Free-State stronghold of Lawrence in what would later become known as "The Wakarusa War."
* 1825, June : Osage Nation was limited to a reservation in southeast Kansas.
* 1855, December 15: Topeka Constitution was approved by the people of the Territory but was never accepted as a legal document.
* 1825, November 7 : Missouri Shawanoes (or Shawnees) were the first Native Americans removed to the territory by treaty.
* 1856, May 21: Pro-slavery forces led by Sheriff Jones again attack Lawrence, killing two men, burning the Free-State Hotel to the ground, destroying two printing presses, and robbing homes.
* 1827, May 8 : Cantonment Leavenworth, or Fort Leavenworth, (named in honor of Henry Leavenworth) was built just inside Indian territory to guard travelers on the United States' Western frontier. This was the first permanent settlement of white Americans in the future state of Kansas.
* 1856, night of May 24 to the morning of May 25: ]; in what appears to be a reaction to the Sacking of Lawrence, ] and a band of abolitionists (some of them members of the Pottawatomie Rifles) murder five settlers, rumored to be pro-slavery, with broadswords north of Pottawatomie Creek in ]; Brown and his men flee to Iowa.
* 1830 Indian Removal Act expedited the process of Inmdian removal.
* 1857, November 7: ] adopted by a Convention convened by the official pro-slavery government.
* 1831, August 30 : Ottawa ceded land to the United States and moved to a small reservation on the Kansas River and its branches.
* 1858: Kansas Territory violence and some open battles slow.
* 1832, April 6 : Ottawa treaty was ratified.
* 1858, April 3: ] adopted by the convention at ] by a new Free-State legislature.
* 1832, October 24 : U.S. government moved the Kickapoos to a reservation in Kansas.
* 1858, May 18: People's elections pass the Leavenworth Constitution (while the Lecompton Constitution is still under consideration), but Congress refuses to ratify it.
* 1832, October 29 : Piankeshaws and Weas agreed to occupy 250 sections of land, bounded on the north by the Shawanoes; east by the western boundary line of Missouri; and west by the Kaskaskias and Peorias.
* 1859: Land tracts transferred to individual ] families.
* 1833, September 21 : Treaty made with the United States and the Otoe tribe ceded their country south of the Little Nemaha River.
* 1859, July 29: Fourth constitution drafted; the ] adopted by the convention.
* 1836, September 17 : The confederacy of the Sacs and Foxes in a treaty with the United States moved north of Kickapoos.
* 1859, October 4: People's election held; adopts Wyandotte Constitution, which outlaws slavery but is far less progressive than the Leavenworth Constitution.
* 1837, February 11 : United States agrees to convey to the Pottawatomies an area on the Osage River, southwest of the Missouri River.
* 1859, end of the year: Bleeding Kansas violence virtually ceases.
* 1840s : Section of this Santa Fe Trail through Kansas also used by emigrants on the California Trail and Oregon Trail.
* 1842 : Treaty between the United States and the Wyandots, the Wyandots moved to the junction of the Kansas and Missouri Rivers (on land that was shared with the Delaware until 1843).
* 1846 : Kansa reservation reduced by treaty.
* 1847 : Pottawatomies were moved again, to an area containing 576,000 acres (2,330 km²), being the eastern part of the lands ceded to the United States by the Kansa tribe in 1846.


==1860s to 1890s==
==1850 to 1854 : Native American territory ceded==
* 1861, January 29: Kansas was admitted into the Union as a free state under the Wyandotte Constitution.
* 1861, May 25:] was established by a joint resolution adopted by the ].
* 1861, June 3: First Kansas regiment called to duty in the ].
* 1863: The ] established in Kansas.
* 1863, August 21: ] leads Quantrill's Raid into Lawrence destroying much of the city and killing over a hundred people.
* 1863, October 6: ], sometimes called the Baxter Springs Massacre, a minor battle in the War, occurs near the modern-day town of ].
* 1864, April: War between the Indians upon frontier settlers in Kansas and ].
* 1864, July 28: Seventeenth Kansas regiment is the last to be raised during the Civil War.
* 1864, October 25: ] in ].
* 1867: ] builds stockyards in ] and helps develop the ], encouraging ] cattlemen to undertake cattle drives to his stockyards.
* 1869: Union Pacific Eastern Division renamed the ].
* 1871: ] becomes marshal of Abilene, Kansas.
* 1885: ], established.
* 1887, February 27: shoot-out with boosters — some would say hired gunmen — from nearby ] leaves several people dead and wounded.
* 1877: ], the first all-black town in Kansas, is founded by ] migrants from ].
* 1879: large number of former ]s move from Southern states to Kansas.
* 1881, February 19: Kansas becomes the first U.S. state to adopt a Constitutional amendment prohibiting all ]s.
* 1890, November 22: College football comes to Kansas in the ].
* 1897, July-August: First Baha'i community in Kansas, second in western hemisphere, began in Enterprise, initiating the Kansas Baha'i community.


==20th century==
* 1850 : Euro-Americans squatting on Native Americans land and clamor for the entire area to be opened for settlement.
* 1916: Kansas troops serve on the U.S.-Mexico border during the ].
* 1851 : Momentum builds to take the land from the Native Americans that they had been promised "permanently."
* 1922 and 1927: legal battles Kansas against the ], resulting in their expulsion from the state.
* 1851, September 17 : Cheyennes and Arapahoes tribes negotiating with the United States for land in western Kansas (the current state of Colorado).
* 1925: ] designed by Hazel Avery.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ksgenweb.org/lincoln/stories18.htm|title=Lincoln's Hazel Avery Made State's First Flag|publisher=Lincoln Sentinel-Republican|date=March 28, 1996|access-date=May 4, 2022}}</ref>
* 1852 : Congress began the process of creating the Kansas Territory.
* 1928: ] of Topeka, first Native American to be elected as Vice-President of United States<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/10/us/politics/charles-curtis-vice-president.html|access-date=May 3, 2022|work=]|title=Before Harris, This Vice President Broke a Racial Barrier|date=November 10, 2020}}</ref>
* 1852, December 13 : Representative from Missouri submitted to the House a bill organizing the Territory of Platte: all the tract lying west of Iowa and Missouri, and extending west to the Rocky Mountains.
* 1927: flag officially adopted by the Kansas State Legislature.
* 1852 : Wyandots attempte to establish a Territorial government in their section of Indian territory.
* 1930: The ] played the first ] in the history of Organized Baseball, making Independence, Kansas the birthplace of professional night baseball.
* 1853 : Wyandots attempte to establish a Territorial government in their section of Indian territory.
* 1951: The ] affected eastern Kansas and Missouri<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1260b/report.pdf|publisher=United States Department of Interior|title=1952 Missouri Basin flooding|access-date=May 4, 2022}}</ref>
* 1853 : Wyandots' convention, composed of thirteen delegates, at which a constitution for their territory was formed.
* 1954, May 17: ] in '']'' unanimously declared that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal and, as such, violate the ], which guarantees all citizens "equal protection of the laws."
* 1853, February 10 : House bill referred to the United States House Committee on Territories, and passed by the full U.S. House of Representatives.
* 1950s and 1960s: ]s (designed to carry a single nuclear warhead) stationed throughout Kansas facilities, ready to launch from hardened underground silos.
* 1853, summer : Eastern Kansas soon be opened to white American settlers.
* 1961: State flag modified with the word "Kansas" added below the seal in gold block lettering.
* 1854 : Massachusetts Emigrant Aid Company arrange and send anti-slavery settlers (known as "Free-Staters") into Kansas.
* 1966, June 8: ], Kansas was struck by an F5 rated ], according to the ]. The "]" started on the southwest side of town, moving northeast, hitting various landmarks (including ]). Total cost was put at $100 million.<ref name=OutbreakClimo>{{cite web|last=Schneider|first=Russell S.|title=Tornado Outbreak Day Sequences: Historic Events and Climatology (1875-2003)|url=http://www.spc.noaa.gov/publications/schneider/otbrkseq.pdf|publisher=]|accessdate=May 3, 2022|author2=Harold E. Brooks |author3=Joseph T. Schaefer |location=]}}</ref>
* 1854 : Chippewas (Swan Creek and Black River bands) inhabited 8,320 acres (34 km²) in Franklin County.
* 1980s: Kansas intercontinental ballistic missile facilities are deactivated.
* 1854 : Nearly all the tribes in the eastern part of the Territory ceded the greater part of their lands prior to the passage of the Kansas territorial act and were eventually moved south to the future state of Oklahoma.
* 1993: The ] affects several states, including Kansas<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nwrfc.noaa.gov/floods/papers/oh_2/great.htm |title=The Great USA Flood of 1993 |last= Larson |first= Lee W. |publisher=National Weather Service|access-date=May 3, 2022}}</ref>
* 1854, March 15 : Otoe and Missouri Indians ceded to the United States all their lands west of the Mississippi, except a small strip on the Big Blue River.
* 1854, March 30 : Lands ceded by the Kaskaskias, Peorias, Piankeshaw and Weas.
* 1854, May 6 : Delawares ceded all their lands to the United States, except a reservation defined in the treaty.
* 1854, May 6 and May 10 : the Shawnees ceded 6,100,000 acres (25,000 km²), reserving only 200,000 acres (809 km²) for homes.
* 1854, May 17 : Iowas ceded their lands, retaining only a small reservation.
* 1854, May 18 : Kickapoos ceded their lands, except 150,000 acres (607 km²) in the western part of the Territory.
* 1854, May 18 : Lands ceded by the Sacs and Foxes.
* 1854, May 30 : The Kansas-Nebraska Act becomes law, establishing the Nebraska Territory and Kansas Territory, which delineate the borders of Kansas Territory set from the Missouri border to the summit of the Rocky Mountain range; the southern boundary was the 37th parallel, the northern was the 40th parallel. North of the 40th parallel was Nebraska Territory.
* 1854, June 10 : Missourians held a meeting at Salt Creek Valley, a trading post three miles west of Fort Leavenworth, at which a "Squatter's Claim Association" was organized.


==21st century==
==1855 to 1859 : State formation==
* 2006: Restoration of Kansas State House Begins.
* 1855 : Massachusetts Emigrant Aid Company arrange and send anti-slavery settlers into Kansas.
* 2007, May 4-6: The city of ] is destroyed by ].
* 1855, March 30: Missourians who had streamed across the border (known as "Border Ruffians") filled the ballot boxes in favor of proslavery candidates. As a result, proslavery candidates prevailed at every polling district except one (the future Riley County), and the first official legislature was overwhelmingly composed of proslavery delegates.
* 2013: Restoration of Kansas State House Completed.
* 1855 : Kansas Territory violence and some open battles rise.
* 2022: A tornado rips through Andover, Kansas
* 1855, November 11 : Topeka Constitution, which was the first in order, was adopted by a convention of Free-Staters.
* 1855, December 1 : Small army of Missourians, acting under the command of Douglas County, Kansas Sheriff Samuel J. Jones, laid siege to the Free-State stronghold of Lawrence in what would later become known as "The Wakarusa War."
* 1855, December 15 : Topeka Constitution was approved by the people of the Territory but was never accepted as a legal document.
* 1856, May 21 : Proslavery forces led by Sheriff Jones again attacked Lawrence, killing two men, burning the Free-State Hotel to the ground, destroying two printing presses, and robbing homes.
* 1856, night of May 24 to the morning of May 25 : Pottawatomie Massacre occurred in what appears to be a reaction to the Sacking of Lawrence, John Brown and a band of abolitionists (some of them members of the Pottawatomie Rifles) killed with broadswords five settlers, thought to be proslavery, north of Pottawatomie Creek in Franklin County, Kansas.
* 1857, November 7 : Lecompton Constitution was adopted by a Convention convened by the official pro-slavery government.
* 1859 : Land tracts transferred to individual Chippewa families.
* 1858 : Kansas Territory violence and some open battles slow.
* 1858, April 3 : Leavenworth Constitution adopted by the convention at Leavenworth by a new Free-State legislature.
* 1858, May 18 : People's elections passed the Leavenworth Constitution (all while the Lecompton Constitution was still under consideration), but he U.S. Congress refused to ratify it.
* 1859, July 29 : Fourth constitution was drafted; the Wyandotte Constitution was adopted by the convention.
* 1859, October 4 : People's election held and adopted Wyandotte Constitution, which outlawed slavery but was far less progressive than the Leavenworth Constitution.
* 1859, end of the year: Bleeding Kansas violence virtually ceases.


==Notes==
==1860s to the turn of the century==
{{Reflist}}
* 1861, January 29 : Kansas was admitted into the Union as a free state under the Wyandotte Constitution.
* 1861, May 25 : Great Seal of the State of Kansas was established by a joint resolution adopted by the Kansas Legislature.
* 1861, June 3 : First Kansas regiment was called to duty in the American Civil War.
* 1863 : The Union Pacific Eastern Division established in Kansas.
* 1863, August 21 : William Quantrill led Quantrill's Raid into Lawrence destroying much of the city and killing over a hundred people.
* 1863, October 6 : Battle of Baxter Springs, sometimes called the Baxter Springs Massacre, was a minor battle in the War, near the modern-day town of Baxter Springs, Kansas.
* 1864, April : War between the Indians upon frontier settlers in Kansas and Nebraska.
* 1864, July 28 : Seventeenth Kansas regiment was the last raised during the Civil War.
* 1864, October 25 : Battle of Marais des Cygnes occurred in Linn County, Kansas.
* 1867 : Joseph G. McCoy built stockyards in Abilene, Kansas and helped develop the Chisholm Trail, encouraging Texas cattlemen to undertake cattle drives to his stockyards.
* 1869 : Union Pacific Eastern Division renamed the Kansas Pacific.
* 1871 : Wild Bill Hickok became marshal of Abilene, Kansas.
* 1885 : Coronado, Kansas, was established.
* 1887, February 27 : shoot-out with boosters — some would say hired gunmen — from nearby Leoti left several people dead and wounded.
* 1877 : Nicodemus, the first all-black town in Kansas, is founded by African-American migrants from Kentucky.
* 1879 : large number of former slaves moved from Southern states to Kansas.
* 1881, February 19 : Kansas became the first U.S. state to adopt a Constitutional amendment prohibiting all alcoholic beverages.


==20th century== ==See also==
* ]
* 1916: Kansas troops served on the U.S.-Mexico border during the Mexican Revolution.
* ]
* 1922 and 1927: legal battles Kansas against the KKK, resulting in their expulsion from the state.
* 1925: flag of Kansas was designed * ]
* ]
* 1927: flag officially adopted by the Kansas State Legislature in

* 1954, May 17 Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education unanimously declared that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" and, as such, violate the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which guarantees all citizens "equal protection of the laws."
;Cities in Kansas
* 1950s and 1960s : Intercontinental ballistic missiles (designed to carry a single nuclear warhead) were stationed throughout Kansas facilities. They were stored (to be launched from) hardened underground silos.
* ]
* 1961 : State flag modified with the word "Kansas" added below the seal in gold block lettering.
* ]
* 1966, June 8th: Topeka, Kansas was struck by an ], according to the Fujita scale. The ] started on the southwest side of town, moving northeast, hitting various landmarks (including Washburn University). Total dollar cost was put at $100 million.

* 1980s : Kansas intercontinental ballistic missile facilities were deactivated.
==References==
* 1993 : The ] afffected several states, including Kansas.
{{refbegin}}
*
* Cutler, William G. (1883)
*
*
* Herrmann, Duane L. ''Early Baha'is of Enterprise'' (1997)
* McQuillan, D. Aidan. (1990) ''Prevailing over Time: Ethnic Adjustment on the Kansas Prairies, 1875-1925''
* Miner, Craig. (2002) ''Kansas: The History of the Sunflower State, 1854-2000'' ({{ISBN|0-7006-1215-7}})
* Reynolds, David. (2005) ''John Brown, Abolitionist'' ({{ISBN|0-375-41188-7}})
*
* Socolofsky, Homer E. (1990) ''Kansas Governors''
* Socolofsky, Homer E. and Huber Self. (1992) ''Historical Atlas of Kansas''
* ] ed. (2004) ''Encyclopedia of the Great Plains''
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |title=Kansas: a Guide to the Sunflower State |author=Federal Writers’ Project |author-link=Federal Writers’ Project |series=] |location=New York |publisher= Viking Press |year=1939 |via=Hathi Trust |chapter=Chronology |hdl=2027/mdp.39015027812505?urlappend=%3Bseq=537 |chapter-url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015027812505?urlappend=%3Bseq=537 }}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Timeline Of Kansas History}}
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Latest revision as of 07:50, 19 November 2024

Important dates in Kansas's history
Flag of Kansas
Flag of Kansas
July–August 1541
Coronado explores Kansas
April 30, 1803
Louisiana Purchase; US buys most of Kansas
May 30, 1854
Kansas Territory organized
July 29, 1859
Constitution adopted by convention; prohibits slavery
January 29, 1861
Kansas becomes 34th state
August 21, 1863
Quantrill's Raid on Lawrence
Spring 1879
Exodusters
February 19, 1881
First state to prohibit alcohol
1890s
Populist Revolt
July 1951
Great Flood of 1951
May 1954
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

The timeline of Kansas details past events that happened in what is present day Kansas. Located on the eastern edge of the Great Plains, the U.S. state of Kansas was the home of sedentary agrarian and hunter-gatherer Native American societies, many of whom hunted American bison. The region first appears in western history in the 16th century at the time of the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, when Spanish conquistadors explored the unknown land now known as Kansas. It was later explored by French fur trappers who traded with the Native Americans. It became part of the United States in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. In the 19th century, the first American explorers designated the area as the "Great American Desert."

When the area was opened to Euro-American settlement in the 1850s, Kansas became the first battlefield in the conflict in the American Civil War. After the war, Kansas was home to Wild West towns servicing the cattle trade. With the railroads came heavy immigration from the East, from Europe, and from Freedmen called "Exodusters". For much of its history, Kansas has had a rural economy based on wheat and other crops, supplemented by oil and railroads. Since 1945 the farm population has sharply declined and manufacturing has become more important, typified by the aircraft industry of Wichita.

Early history

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  • 10,000-9000 BCE: First evidence of human beings in Kansas
  • 1450: Wichita people founded the historical city of Etzanoa, near the modern day Arkansas City.
  • 1500–1800: Proto-historic indigenous peoples in Kansas include the Pawnee, Kansa, Wichita, and Apache.
  • 1541: Francisco Vásquez de Coronado, the Spanish conquistador, visits Kansas.
  • 17th century: Kansa (sometimes Kaw) and Osage Nation arrive in Kansas. (The Kansa claim that they occupied the territory since 1674.)
  • 1650–1750: Dismal River culture, relatives of the Plains Apache built villages in Kansas.
  • 1664: Taos Pueblo Indians found refuge in Scott County, Kansas after fleeing the Spaniards.
  • 1702: El Cuartelejo Pueblo is built by Picuris Pueblo people, who fled the Spanish in New Mexico.
  • 1719: First Europeans visit the Northern Pawnees.1724: French commander at Fort Orleans, Etienne de Bourgmont, visits the Kansas River and establishes a trading post here, near the main Kansa village at the mouth of the river. Around the same time, the Otoe tribe of the Sioux also inhabit various areas around the northeast corner of Kansas.
  • 1780: The Kansa tribe moves its village further up the Kansas River to the junction of the Big Blue River, the current site of Manhattan, Kansas. The settlement is named Blue Earth Village.
  • End of the 18th century: Kansa and Osage Nation dominant in the eastern part of the state — the Kansa on the Kansas River to the north and the Osage on the Arkansas River to the south. Pawnees were dominant on the plains to the west and north of the Kansa and Osage nations, in regions home to massive herds of buffalo.
  • 1803: Kansas, as part of the Louisiana Purchase, annexed to the United States as unorganized territory.
  • 1806: Zebulon Pike passes through the region, and labels it "the Great American Desert" on his maps.
  • 1812: The Kansa and Pawnee fight a large battle at Blue Earth Village.

1820s to 1840s: Indian treaties and westward trails

  • 1820s: Kansas area (by then popularly known as the Great American Desert) is set aside as Indian territory by the U.S. government and closed to settlement by whites.
  • 1821: After a brief period as part of Missouri Territory, Kansas returned to unorganized status.
  • 1821: Santa Fe Trail was opened across Kansas as country's transportation route to the Southwest, connecting Missouri with Santa Fe, New Mexico.
  • 1825, June 3: 20 million acres (81000 km) of land ceded by the Kansa Nation to the United States, and the Kansa tribe are thereafter limited to a specific reservation in northeast Kansas.
  • 1825, June: Osage Nation was limited to a reservation in southeast Kansas.
  • 1825, November 7: Missouri Shawanoes (or Shawnees) are the first Native Americans removed to the territory by treaty.
  • 1827, May 8: Cantonment Leavenworth, or Fort Leavenworth, (named in honor of Henry Leavenworth) built just inside Indian territory to guard travelers on the United States' Western frontier. This was the first permanent settlement of white Americans in the future state of Kansas.
  • 1830: Indian Removal Act expedites the process of Indian removal.
  • 1831, August 30: Ottawa cede land to the United States and move to a small reservation on the Kansas River and its branches.
  • 1832, April 6: Ottawa treaty ratified.
  • 1832, October 24: U.S. government moves the Kickapoos to a reservation in Kansas.
  • 1832, October 29: Piankeshaws and Weas agree to occupy 250 sections of land, bounded on the north by the Shawanoes; east by the western boundary line of Missouri; and west by the Kaskaskias and Peorias.
  • 1833, September 21: Treaty made with the United States and the Otoe tribe cedes their country south of the Little Nemaha River.
  • 1836, September 17: The confederacy of the Sacs and Foxes in a treaty with the United States moved north of Kickapoos.
  • 1837, February 11: United States agrees to convey to the Potawatomis an area on the Osage River, southwest of the Missouri River.
  • 1840s: Section of the Santa Fe Trail through Kansas also used by emigrants on the California Trail and Oregon Trail.
  • 1842: Treaty between the United States and the Wyandots, the Wyandots moved to the junction of the Kansas and Missouri Rivers (on land that was shared with the Delaware until 1843).
  • 1844: The Great Flood of 1844, the biggest flood ever recorded on the Missouri River and Upper Mississippi River
  • 1846: Kansa reservation reduced by treaty.
  • 1847: Potawatomis are moved again, to an area containing 576,000 acres (2,330 km), being the eastern part of the lands ceded to the United States by the Kansa tribe in 1846.

1850 to 1854: Washington opens the territory; Indian tribes sell their lands

  • 1850: Americans pioneers demand the entire area to be opened for settlement.
  • 1851, September 17: Cheyenne and Arapahoe tribes negotiate with the United States for land in western Kansas (the current state of Colorado).
  • 1852: Congress begins the process of creating the Kansas Territory.
  • 1852, December 13: Representative from Missouri submits a bill organizing the Territory of Platte to the House: all the tract lying west of Iowa and Missouri, and extending west to the Rocky Mountains.
  • 1852: Wyandots attempts to establish a Territorial government in their section of Indian territory.
  • 1854: Nearly all the tribes in the eastern part of the Territory cede the greater part of their lands prior to the passage of the Kansas territorial act and are eventually moved south to the Indian Territory (the future state of Oklahoma.)
  • 1854, May 30: After intense debate the Kansas–Nebraska Act becomes law, establishing the Nebraska Territory and Kansas Territory, which delineate the borders of Kansas Territory set from the Missouri border to the summit of the Rocky Mountain range; the southern boundary was the 37th parallel north, the northern was the 40th parallel north. North of the 40th parallel was Nebraska Territory.
  • 1854: A new antislavery party is formed in protest: the Republican Party
  • 1854, June 10: Missourians hold a meeting at Salt Creek Valley, a trading post three miles (5 km) west of Fort Leavenworth, at which a "Squatter's Claim Association" is organized.

1855 to 1859: State formation

  • 1855: Massachusetts Emigrant Aid Company arrange and send anti-slavery settlers into Kansas.
  • 1855, March 30: Missourians who had streamed across the border (known as "Border Ruffians") fill the ballot boxes in favor of pro-slavery candidates. As a result, pro-slavery candidates prevail at every polling district except one (the future Riley County), and the first official legislature is overwhelmingly composed of pro-slavery delegates.
  • 1855: Kansas Territory violence and some open battles rise.
  • 1855, November 11: Topeka Constitution adopted by a convention of Free-Staters.
  • 1855, December 1: Small army of Missourians, acting under the command of Douglas County, Kansas Sheriff Samuel J. Jones, laid siege to the Free-State stronghold of Lawrence in what would later become known as "The Wakarusa War."
  • 1855, December 15: Topeka Constitution was approved by the people of the Territory but was never accepted as a legal document.
  • 1856, May 21: Pro-slavery forces led by Sheriff Jones again attack Lawrence, killing two men, burning the Free-State Hotel to the ground, destroying two printing presses, and robbing homes.
  • 1856, night of May 24 to the morning of May 25: Pottawatomie massacre; in what appears to be a reaction to the Sacking of Lawrence, John Brown and a band of abolitionists (some of them members of the Pottawatomie Rifles) murder five settlers, rumored to be pro-slavery, with broadswords north of Pottawatomie Creek in Franklin County, Kansas; Brown and his men flee to Iowa.
  • 1857, November 7: Lecompton Constitution adopted by a Convention convened by the official pro-slavery government.
  • 1858: Kansas Territory violence and some open battles slow.
  • 1858, April 3: Leavenworth Constitution adopted by the convention at Leavenworth by a new Free-State legislature.
  • 1858, May 18: People's elections pass the Leavenworth Constitution (while the Lecompton Constitution is still under consideration), but Congress refuses to ratify it.
  • 1859: Land tracts transferred to individual Chippewa families.
  • 1859, July 29: Fourth constitution drafted; the Wyandotte Constitution adopted by the convention.
  • 1859, October 4: People's election held; adopts Wyandotte Constitution, which outlaws slavery but is far less progressive than the Leavenworth Constitution.
  • 1859, end of the year: Bleeding Kansas violence virtually ceases.

1860s to 1890s

20th century

  • 1916: Kansas troops serve on the U.S.-Mexico border during the Mexican Revolution.
  • 1922 and 1927: legal battles Kansas against the Ku Klux Klan, resulting in their expulsion from the state.
  • 1925: Flag of Kansas designed by Hazel Avery.
  • 1928: Charles Curtis of Topeka, first Native American to be elected as Vice-President of United States
  • 1927: flag officially adopted by the Kansas State Legislature.
  • 1930: The Independence Producers played the first Night game in the history of Organized Baseball, making Independence, Kansas the birthplace of professional night baseball.
  • 1951: The Great Flood of 1951 affected eastern Kansas and Missouri
  • 1954, May 17: US Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education unanimously declared that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal and, as such, violate the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which guarantees all citizens "equal protection of the laws."
  • 1950s and 1960s: Intercontinental ballistic missiles (designed to carry a single nuclear warhead) stationed throughout Kansas facilities, ready to launch from hardened underground silos.
  • 1961: State flag modified with the word "Kansas" added below the seal in gold block lettering.
  • 1966, June 8: Topeka, Kansas was struck by an F5 rated tornado, according to the Fujita scale. The "1966 Topeka tornado" started on the southwest side of town, moving northeast, hitting various landmarks (including Washburn University). Total cost was put at $100 million.
  • 1980s: Kansas intercontinental ballistic missile facilities are deactivated.
  • 1993: The Great Flood of 1993 affects several states, including Kansas

21st century

  • 2006: Restoration of Kansas State House Begins.
  • 2007, May 4-6: The city of Greensburg is destroyed by a tornado.
  • 2013: Restoration of Kansas State House Completed.
  • 2022: A tornado rips through Andover, Kansas

Notes

  1. ^ "Kansas Archeology Basics." Kansas Historical Society. Retrieved 25 Jan 2012.
  2. ^ "Scott County: History." Scott County, Kansas. Retrieved 25 Jan 2012.
  3. Olson, Kevin (2012). Frontier Manhattan. University Press of Kansas. pp. 9–10. ISBN 978-0-7006-1832-3.
  4. "Lincoln's Hazel Avery Made State's First Flag". Lincoln Sentinel-Republican. March 28, 1996. Retrieved May 4, 2022.
  5. "Before Harris, This Vice President Broke a Racial Barrier". New York Times. November 10, 2020. Retrieved May 3, 2022.
  6. "1952 Missouri Basin flooding" (PDF). United States Department of Interior. Retrieved May 4, 2022.
  7. Schneider, Russell S.; Harold E. Brooks; Joseph T. Schaefer. "Tornado Outbreak Day Sequences: Historic Events and Climatology (1875-2003)" (PDF). Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center. Retrieved May 3, 2022.
  8. Larson, Lee W. "The Great USA Flood of 1993". National Weather Service. Retrieved May 3, 2022.

See also

Cities in Kansas

References

Further reading

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