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{{Short description|Disputed syndrome}}
'''Middle child syndrome''' is a controversial term that has been used to explain behaviors in ] children that are claimed to be related to their ] status. Specifically, these include problems in bonding, ]s, lying, stealing, defiance of authority, and acts of violence. The term has never achieved acceptance in the professional community. The term is not found in the ]'s ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual'', 4th edition, TR. David Kirschner, who coined the term, says that most adoptees are not disturbed and that the syndrome only applies to "a small clinical subgroup".<ref name=Lifton, (1975)>Lifton, Betty Jean (1975). "Lost and Found: The Adoption Experience" ISBN 0-06-097132-0 (pp.274 - 275).</ref> Researchers Brodizinsky, Brodzinsky, Schechter, & Henig<ref>Being Adopted: The Lifelong Search for Self by David M. Brodzinsky, Marshall D. Schecter, and Robin Marantz Henig, 1993</ref> find that in a review of the literature, generally children adopted before the age of six-months fare no differently than children raised with their biological parents. Later problems that develop among children adopted from the child welfare system at an older age are usually associated with the effects of chronic early maltreatment in the caregiving relationship; abuse and neglect.
'''Adopted child syndrome''' is a term that has been used to explain behaviors in ] children that are claimed to be related to their adoptive status. Specifically, these include problems in ], ]s, ], stealing, defiance of authority, and acts of violence. The term has never achieved acceptance in the professional community. The term is not found in the ]'s ].


== History of the term ==
Psychologist Betty Jean Lifton, herself an adopted person, has written extensively on psychopathology in adopted people, primarily in ''Lost and Found: The Adoption Experience'', and ''Journey of the Adopted Self: A Quest for Wholeness'' and briefly discusses Adopted child syndrome.<ref name=Lifton, (1975)>Lifton, Betty Jean (1975). "Lost and Found: The Adoption Experience" ISBN 0-06-097132-0.</ref>
David Kirschner, who coined the term, says that most adoptees are not disturbed and that the syndrome only applies to "a small clinical subgroup."<ref name=Lifton1975>{{cite book |title=Lost and Found: The Adoption Experience |last=Lifton |first=Betty Jean |year=1975 |publisher=Dial Press |isbn=0-06-097132-0 |url=http://www.bjlifton.com/books.htm |pages=274–275}}</ref>


Researchers Brodizinsky, Schechter, and Henig<ref>{{cite book |title=Being Adopted: The Lifelong Search for Self |last=Brodzinsky |first=David M. |author2=Marshall D. Schecter |author3=Robin Marantz Henig |year=1993 |publisher=Anchor Books |isbn=0-385-41426-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/beingadoptedlife0000brod |url-access=registration }}</ref> find that in a review of the literature, generally children adopted before the age of six months fare no differently than children raised with their biological parents. Later problems that develop among children adopted from the child welfare system at an older age are usually associated with the effects of chronic early maltreatment in the caregiving relationship; ] and ].
⚫ == See also ==

*]
Psychologist ], herself an adopted person, has written extensively on psychopathology in adopted people, primarily in ''Lost and Found: The Adoption Experience'', and ''Journey of the Adopted Self: A Quest for Wholeness'' and briefly discusses Adopted child syndrome.<ref name=Lifton1975/><ref>{{cite book |title=Journey of the Adopted Self: A Quest for Wholeness |last=Lifton |first=Betty Jean |year=1994 |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=0-465-03675-9 |url=http://www.amfor.net/acs/ |quote=Adopted Child Syndrome page, including bibliography |ref=Lifton1994 |access-date=2007-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070305042718/http://www.amfor.net/acs/ |archive-date=2007-03-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Smith, Jerome. "The Adopted Child Syndrome: A Methodological Perspective" ''Families in Society'' 82 no5 491-7 S/O 2001</ref>

⚫ ==See also==
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⚫ ==External links==
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==References== ==References==
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⚫ ==External links==
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{{Adopt}}
* Lifton, Betty Jean. "Lost and Found: The Adoption Experience" ISBN 0-06-097132-0 (1975); "Journey of the Adopted Self: A Quest for Wholeness" ISBN 0-465-03675-9 (1995).
* Smith, Jerome. "The Adopted Child Syndrome: A Methodological Perspective" ''Families in Society'' 82 no5 491-7 S/O 2001


] ]
] ]

Latest revision as of 12:13, 28 September 2023

Disputed syndrome

Adopted child syndrome is a term that has been used to explain behaviors in adopted children that are claimed to be related to their adoptive status. Specifically, these include problems in bonding, attachment disorders, lying, stealing, defiance of authority, and acts of violence. The term has never achieved acceptance in the professional community. The term is not found in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th edition, TR.

History of the term

David Kirschner, who coined the term, says that most adoptees are not disturbed and that the syndrome only applies to "a small clinical subgroup."

Researchers Brodizinsky, Schechter, and Henig find that in a review of the literature, generally children adopted before the age of six months fare no differently than children raised with their biological parents. Later problems that develop among children adopted from the child welfare system at an older age are usually associated with the effects of chronic early maltreatment in the caregiving relationship; abuse and neglect.

Psychologist Betty Jean Lifton, herself an adopted person, has written extensively on psychopathology in adopted people, primarily in Lost and Found: The Adoption Experience, and Journey of the Adopted Self: A Quest for Wholeness and briefly discusses Adopted child syndrome.

See also

References

  1. ^ Lifton, Betty Jean (1975). Lost and Found: The Adoption Experience. Dial Press. pp. 274–275. ISBN 0-06-097132-0.
  2. Brodzinsky, David M.; Marshall D. Schecter; Robin Marantz Henig (1993). Being Adopted: The Lifelong Search for Self. Anchor Books. ISBN 0-385-41426-9.
  3. Lifton, Betty Jean (1994). Journey of the Adopted Self: A Quest for Wholeness. Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-03675-9. Archived from the original on 2007-03-05. Retrieved 2007-02-02. Adopted Child Syndrome page, including bibliography
  4. Smith, Jerome. "The Adopted Child Syndrome: A Methodological Perspective" Families in Society 82 no5 491-7 S/O 2001

External links

Adoption and foster care
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in adoption or child custody
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