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{{short description|Common name for various tall grass-like plants of wetlands}}
{{Taxobox_begin | color = lightgreen | name = True grasses}}
] in the estuary of the ].]]
{{Taxobox_image | image = ] | caption = |Some common reeds by the river,<br /> root structure can be seen underwater]]}}
'''Reed''' is a common name for several tall, ] of ]s.
{{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = lightgreen}}
{{Taxobox_regnum_entry | taxon = ]ae}}
{{Taxobox_divisio_entry | taxon = ]}}
{{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = ]}}
{{Taxobox_ordo_entry | taxon = ]}}
{{Taxobox_familia_entry | taxon = ]}}
{{Taxobox_genus_entry | taxon = '''Phragmites'''}}
{{Taxobox_end_placement}}
{{Taxobox_section_subdivision | color = lightgreen | plural_taxon = species}}
Pragmites australis <br/>
{{Taxobox_end}}


==Varieties==
'''Reed''' is a generic term used to describe numerous plants including:
They are all members of the ] ] (in the modern, expanded circumscription), and include:


===In the grass family, ]===
* Common Reed (''Phragmites australis'' Cav.) - this is the species originally named reed * Common reed ('']''), the original species named reed
* Giant Reed (''Arundo donax'' L.)
* Giant reed ('']''), used for making ] for musical instruments
* Burma Reed (''Neyraudia reynaudiana'')
* Bur-reed (''Sparganium eurycarpum'') * Burma reed ('']'')
* Reed canary-grass ('']'')
* Reed sweet-grass ('']'')
* Small-reed ('']'' species)


===In the sedge family, ]===
All listed species play important role in forming of ]s.
* Paper reed or papyrus ('']''), the source of the Ancient Egyptian writing material, also used for making ]


===In the family ]===
* Bur-reed ('']'' species)
* Reed-mace ('']'' species), also called bulrush or cattail


===In the family ]===
* Cape thatching reed ('']''), a restio originating from the South-western Cape, South Africa.
* Thatching reed ('']''), another restio species originating from the same geographic region.


==Use in construction==
]
]
Many different cultures have used reeds in construction of buildings of various types for at least thousands of years. One contemporary example is the ].


===Thatching===
{{main|Thatching}}
]
'']'', the ], is used in many areas for ] roofs. In the ], common reed used for this purpose is known as "Norfolk reed" or "water reed". However, "wheat reed" and "Devon reed" are not reeds but long-stemmed ] straw.


==Use in music==
{{plant-stub}}
] used '']'' to make ] known as kalamaulos; this is a compound word, from kalamos (cane) + aulos (flute). At the time, the best cane for flutes came from the banks of river Kephissos, in Attica, Greece. Several kalamaulos tuned differently and tied together, made a syrinx or ]. ''A. donax'' is still the principal source material of ] makers for ]s, ]s, ]s, ]s, ]s, and other ] instruments.<ref>{{cite book|last=Opperman|first=Kalman|title=Handbook for making and Adjusting Single Reeds|year=1956|publisher=Chappell & Co.|location=New York, New York|pages=40}}</ref> The ] in southern France contains the best-known supply of instrument reeds.


==Other uses==
]
] and, even more commonly, ] stems are used as "reed sticks" to wick and disperse the scent of ]s in aroma diffusers. (See {{slink|Rattan|Food source}}.)
]
]
]
]


Certain reed species were used in the manufacture of the writing implement, ]s, by ]. The use is still in practice today within the field of ], specifically ]. (see {{section link|Calligraphy|Tools}}.)
⚫ ]

==See also==
]]]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]

==References==
<references />

== External links ==
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Reed}}
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Commons category}}

{{Plant common name}}

⚫ ]

Latest revision as of 01:58, 3 December 2024

Common name for various tall grass-like plants of wetlands
Reeds growing in saltmarsh in the estuary of the River Tay.

Reed is a common name for several tall, grass-like plants of wetlands.

Varieties

They are all members of the order Poales (in the modern, expanded circumscription), and include:

In the grass family, Poaceae

In the sedge family, Cyperaceae

  • Paper reed or papyrus (Cyperus papyrus), the source of the Ancient Egyptian writing material, also used for making boats

In the family Typhaceae

  • Bur-reed (Sparganium species)
  • Reed-mace (Typha species), also called bulrush or cattail

In the family Restionaceae

  • Cape thatching reed (Elegia tectorum), a restio originating from the South-western Cape, South Africa.
  • Thatching reed (Thamnochortus insignis), another restio species originating from the same geographic region.

Use in construction

A reed house under construction in the marshes of Iraq, 1978

Many different cultures have used reeds in construction of buildings of various types for at least thousands of years. One contemporary example is the Marsh Arabs.

Thatching

Main article: Thatching
A man in Germany thatching a roof using reeds

Phragmites australis, the common reed, is used in many areas for thatching roofs. In the United Kingdom, common reed used for this purpose is known as "Norfolk reed" or "water reed". However, "wheat reed" and "Devon reed" are not reeds but long-stemmed wheat straw.

Use in music

Ancient Greeks used Arundo donax to make flutes known as kalamaulos; this is a compound word, from kalamos (cane) + aulos (flute). At the time, the best cane for flutes came from the banks of river Kephissos, in Attica, Greece. Several kalamaulos tuned differently and tied together, made a syrinx or Panpipes. A. donax is still the principal source material of reed makers for clarinets, saxophones, oboes, bassoons, bagpipes, and other woodwind instruments. The Var country in southern France contains the best-known supply of instrument reeds.

Other uses

Bamboo and, even more commonly, rattan stems are used as "reed sticks" to wick and disperse the scent of essential oils in aroma diffusers. (See Rattan § Food source.)

Certain reed species were used in the manufacture of the writing implement, Reed pens, by scribes of antiquity. The use is still in practice today within the field of Art, specifically Calligraphy. (see Calligraphy § Tools.)

See also

Reeds pictured in the coat of arms of Ruokolahti

References

  1. Opperman, Kalman (1956). Handbook for making and Adjusting Single Reeds. New York, New York: Chappell & Co. p. 40.

External links

Disambiguation iconIndex of plants with the same common nameThis page is an index of articles on plant species (or higher taxonomic groups) with the same common name (vernacular name).
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to edit the linking article so that it links directly to the intended article. Categories: