Misplaced Pages

Gibson's law: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 06:21, 7 August 2007 editDigwuren (talk | contribs)11,308 editsm Typifox.← Previous edit Latest revision as of 14:57, 26 May 2024 edit undoLakens (talk | contribs)35 edits added an earlier quote by Ivan Preston (earliest I could find) 
(32 intermediate revisions by 26 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{short description|Every PhD has an equal and opposite PhD}}
In ],<ref name=Proctor2004>{{cite journal In ],<ref name=Proctor2004>{{cite journal
| author = Proctor, R.N. | author = Proctor, Robert .N.
| authorlink=Robert N. Proctor
| year = 2004 | year = 2004
| title = Should medical historians be working for the tobacco industry? | title = Should medical historians be working for the tobacco industry?
Line 6: Line 8:
| volume = 363 | volume = 363
| issue = 9416 | issue = 9416
| pages = 1174-1175 | pages = 1174–1175
| url = http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673604159813
| accessdate = 2007-08-05
| quote=There is a saying in American public-relations circles that for every PhD there is an equal and opposite PhD | quote=There is a saying in American public-relations circles that for every PhD there is an equal and opposite PhD
| doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15981-3
| pmid=15081644
| s2cid=11700389
}}</ref> }}</ref>
and in the ], '''Gibson's law''' holds that "For every PhD there is an equal and opposite PhD."<ref name="isbn0-521-62070-8">{{cite book and in the ], '''Gibson's law''' holds that "For every PhD there is an equal and opposite PhD."<ref name="isbn0-521-62070-8">{{cite book
|author=Lewontin, Richard C.; Singh, Rama S. |author1=Lewontin, Richard C.
|author2=Singh, Rama S.
|others=Robert N. Proctor |others=Robert N. Proctor
|title=Thinking about evolution: historical, philosophical, and political perspectives. Volume two |title=Thinking about evolution: historical, philosophical, and political perspectives. Volume two
Line 18: Line 22:
|location=Cambridge, UK |location=Cambridge, UK
|year=2001 |year=2001
|pages=
⚫ |pages=p. 568
|isbn=0-521-62070-8 |isbn=0-521-62070-8
|quote='For every Ph.D. there is an equal and opposite Ph.D.' Gibson's Law}}</ref> |quote='For every Ph.D. there is an equal and opposite Ph.D.' Gibson's Law
|url-access=registration
⚫ The term specifically refers to the conflict between testimony of ]es called by opposing parties in a ] under an ] of ].<ref name=Zingrone2002>{{cite journal |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2320/is_1_66/ai_84547066/pg_3
|url=https://archive.org/details/thinkingaboutevo00sing/page/568
⚫ |title=Controversy and the problems of parapsychology
}}</ref>
⚫ The term specifically refers to the conflict between testimony of ]es called by opposing parties in a ] under an ] of ].<ref name=Zingrone2002>{{cite journal |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2320/is_1_66/ai_84547066/pg_3
⚫ | title = Controversy and the problems of parapsychology
|accessdate=2007-08-05 |accessdate=2007-08-05
| author = Zingrone, N. | author = Zingrone, N.
| year = 2002 |date=March 2002
| month= 03
| title = Controversy and the problems of parapsychology
| journal = ] | journal = ]
| volume = 66 | volume = 66
Line 34: Line 40:
| quote=...controversy flows from a "truth" that encapsulates the ease with which both prosecuting attorneys and defense attorneys can always find a crucial and credible scientific expert to testify on behalf of their own case and against the crucial and credible scientific expert hired by their opponents}} | quote=...controversy flows from a "truth" that encapsulates the ease with which both prosecuting attorneys and defense attorneys can always find a crucial and credible scientific expert to testify on behalf of their own case and against the crucial and credible scientific expert hired by their opponents}}
</ref> </ref>
It is also applied to conflicting scientific opinion injected into ] decisions by interested parties creating ] to promote their interests.<ref name="isbn0-8147-3564-9">{{cite book It is also applied to conflicting scientific opinion injected into ] decisions by interested parties creating a controversy to promote their interests.<ref name="isbn0-8147-3564-9">{{cite book
|author=Hess, David J. |author=Hess, David J.
|title=Science studies: an advanced introduction |title=Science studies: an advanced introduction
Line 40: Line 46:
|location=New York |location=New York
|year=1997 |year=1997
|pages= p. 94 |pages= 94
|isbn=0-8147-3564-9 |isbn=0-8147-3564-9
|quote=Proctor borrowed “Gibson's law” from public relations research and and introduced the term “smokescreen effect” as two important techniques for inducing controversy to promote interests. |quote=Proctor borrowed “Gibson's law” from public relations research and introduced the term “smokescreen effect” as two important techniques for inducing controversy to promote interests.
}}</ref> }}</ref>

An early mention of "Gibson's Rule" comes from Ivan Preston<ref name=Preston>{{cite journal
|author=Preston, Ivan J.
|title = Researchers at the Federal Trade Commission—Peril and Promise
|journal = Current Issues and Research in Advertising
|volume = 3
|number = 1
⚫ |pages = 1--15
|year = 1980
|publisher = Routledge
|doi = 10.1080/01633392.1980.10505291
|URL = https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01633392.1980.10505291
}}</ref> who wrote "The problem of having opposing sides present opposite pictures of the consumer and of the research process was nicely distilled in a statement made by Fletcher Waller while representing ] in the children’s rulemaking. Waller quoted what he called Gibson’s Rule,
which is that for every Ph.D. there is an equal and opposite Ph.D."



==See also==
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}


] ]
⚫ ]
] ]
⚫ ]




{{law-stub}} {{law-term-stub}}

Latest revision as of 14:57, 26 May 2024

Every PhD has an equal and opposite PhD

In public relations, and in the practice of law, Gibson's law holds that "For every PhD there is an equal and opposite PhD." The term specifically refers to the conflict between testimony of expert witnesses called by opposing parties in a trial under an adversarial system of justice. It is also applied to conflicting scientific opinion injected into policy decisions by interested parties creating a controversy to promote their interests.

An early mention of "Gibson's Rule" comes from Ivan Preston who wrote "The problem of having opposing sides present opposite pictures of the consumer and of the research process was nicely distilled in a statement made by Fletcher Waller while representing General Mills in the children’s rulemaking. Waller quoted what he called Gibson’s Rule, which is that for every Ph.D. there is an equal and opposite Ph.D."



See also

References

  1. Proctor, Robert .N. (2004). "Should medical historians be working for the tobacco industry?". The Lancet. 363 (9416): 1174–1175. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15981-3. PMID 15081644. S2CID 11700389. There is a saying in American public-relations circles that for every PhD there is an equal and opposite PhD
  2. Lewontin, Richard C.; Singh, Rama S. (2001). Thinking about evolution: historical, philosophical, and political perspectives. Volume two. Robert N. Proctor. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 568. ISBN 0-521-62070-8. 'For every Ph.D. there is an equal and opposite Ph.D.' Gibson's Law
  3. Zingrone, N. (March 2002). "Controversy and the problems of parapsychology". Journal of Parapsychology. 66 (19): 3. Retrieved 2007-08-05. ...controversy flows from a "truth" that encapsulates the ease with which both prosecuting attorneys and defense attorneys can always find a crucial and credible scientific expert to testify on behalf of their own case and against the crucial and credible scientific expert hired by their opponents
  4. Hess, David J. (1997). Science studies: an advanced introduction. New York: New York University. p. 94. ISBN 0-8147-3564-9. Proctor borrowed "Gibson's law" from public relations research and introduced the term "smokescreen effect" as two important techniques for inducing controversy to promote interests.
  5. Preston, Ivan J. (1980). "Researchers at the Federal Trade Commission—Peril and Promise". Current Issues and Research in Advertising. 3 (1). Routledge: 1--15. doi:10.1080/01633392.1980.10505291.


Stub icon

This legal term article is a stub. You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it.

Categories: