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{{Short description|Academic concept}}
{{Cleanup|date=June 2007}}
{{more citations needed|date=April 2019}}
'''''Bodymind''''' is a ] ] of ] and ] and may be used differently in different traditions, disciplines and knowledges. These different understandings ] each other. Bracken & Thomas (2002) state that: "n recent years ] and ] have argued that this ] ] of ] and ] is no longer tenable."<ref>original quotation was not meta-enhanced</ref>
'''Bodymind''' is an approach to understand the relationship between the human ] and ] where they are seen as a single integrated unit. It attempts to address the ] and resists the Western traditions of ].


== Dualism vs holism ==
] in the forward to (Mipham, 1973: pp. 15-16) ''Calm and Clear'' states:
In the field of philosophy, the theory of dualism is the speculation that the mental and the physical parts of us, like our minds and our bodies, are different or separate.<ref>{{Citation|last=Robinson|first=Howard|title=Dualism|date=2017|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2017/entries/dualism/|encyclopedia=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|editor-last=Zalta|editor-first=Edward N.|edition=Fall 2017|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University|access-date=2020-04-10}}</ref>
<blockquote>
"What we call 'body' and 'mind' are mere abstractions from an identity experience that cannot be reduced to the one or the other abstraction, nor can it be hypostatized into some sort of thing [without falsifying its very being."
</blockquote>


== Modern understanding ==
==Bodymind in Vajrayana and Zen Buddhism==
"The mind is composed of mental fragments- sensations, feelings, thoughts, imaginations, all flowing now in an ordered sequence, now in a chaotic fashion…. On the other hand, the body is constructed under the underlying laws of physics, and its components obey the well-enumerated laws of physiology. It is these characteristic differences between these two – between mind and body – that lead to the Mind-Body problem.".<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Taylor|first=John G.|date=2010-10-28|title=Mind-body problem: New approaches|journal=Scholarpedia|language=en|volume=5|issue=10|pages=1580|doi=10.4249/scholarpedia.1580|bibcode=2010SchpJ...5.1580T|issn=1941-6016|doi-access=free}}</ref> While Western populations tend to believe more in the idea of dualism, there is also good research on the neurophysiology of emotions and their foundation in human meaning-making and mental function, such as the research of ].<ref>{{cite book |last=Pert |first=Candace |date=2012 |title=Molecules of Emotion: Why You Feel the Way You Feel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gPDRP9DV8twC |publisher=Simon & Schuster UK|isbn=978-0671033972}}</ref>
Bodymind is informed by the ] teachings of ] and ]. Arpaia and Rapgay (2004) discuss the connection of mind-body in Chapter Eight entitled "Health: strengthening the mind-body connection" (see references).


==Relevance to alternative medicine==
==Bodymind in Eastern philosophy==
In the field of ], bodymind implies that
In ] or ] ], the bodymind is the (usually ] or ]) ] (as opposed to the universal, ] ]). It is distinguished from the more ] and ], ] bodies or ]s such as the ], the ], the ] and ].
* The body, mind, emotions, and spirit are dynamically interrelated.<ref>{{Cite book|title = The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness|last = Damasio|first = Antonio|publisher = Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|year = 2000|isbn = 978-0156010757|url-access = registration|url = https://archive.org/details/feelingofwhathap00dama_0}}</ref>
* Experience, including physical stress, emotional injury, and pleasures are stored in the body's cells which in turn affects one's reactions to stimuli.<ref>Keleman, Stanley: ''Your Body speaks its Mind'', Center Press (US) (1989) {{ISBN|978-0934320016}}</ref>
The term can be a number of disciplines, including:
* ], the study of the interaction between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems of the human body.<ref>{{cite book | last = Michael Irwin| first = Kavita Vedhara | title = Human Psychoneuroimmunology| publisher = Oxford University Press|year=2005| isbn = 978-0-19-856884-1}}</ref>
* ],<ref>Totton, N. (2003) ''Body Psychotherapy: An Introduction'' Open University Press. {{ISBN|0-335-21038-4}} (pb); 0-335-21039-2.</ref><ref>Staunton, T. (Ed.) (2002) ''Body Psychotherapy'' Brunner Routledge. {{ISBN|1-58391-115-4}} PB0; 1-58391-116-2 (pb)</ref><ref>Macnaughton, I. (2004) ''Body, Breath and Consciousness: A Somatics Anthology'', ed. Macnaughton, North Atlantic Books. {{ISBN|1-55643-496-0}} {{ISBN|978-1-55643-496-9}}</ref><ref>Courtenay Young (2010) article </ref> a branch of ]<ref>Sharf, R. S. (2011) ''Theories of Psychotherapy and Counselling'' p. 600</ref> which applies basic principles of ]. It originated in the work of ] and particularly ].
* ], the study of the nervous system<ref>Hill, Daniel (2015) ''Affect Regulation Theory. A Clinical Model'' W. W. Norton.& Co {{ISBN|978-0-393-70726-7}}</ref>
* ], an ] medical field exploring the relationships among social, psychological, and behavioral factors on bodily processes and ] in humans and animals. Clinical situations where mental processes act as a major factor affecting medical outcomes are areas where psychosomatic medicine excels.<ref>{{cite book | last = Levenson| first = James L. | title = Essentials of Psychosomatic Medicine| publisher = American Psychiatric Press Inc|year=2006| isbn = 978-1-58562-246-7}}</ref>
* ], a process-oriented ] originally developed in the late 1960s by Jack Painter<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ziehl|first1=Silke|title=Jack Painter - Obituary|url=http://www.icpit.info/documents/Jack%20Painter-Obituary.pdf|access-date=2011-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063443/http://www.icpit.info/documents/Jack%20Painter-Obituary.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> (1933–2010) in California, US, after exploration in the fields of ] and the ].<ref>Erken, Rita and Schlage, Bernhard: Editors: ''Transformation of the Self with Bodymind Integration.'' Postural Integration – Energetic Integration – Psychotherapeutic Postural Integration; Articles by 14 international authors; Hubert W. Holzinger Verlag, Berlin (2012) {{ISBN|978-3-926396-67-9}}</ref> The method aims to support ] and ],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.icpit.info/articles/J_Painter_PosturalIntegration1985_.pdf |title=Painter, Jack: ''Postural Integration, Transformation of the Whole Self'' (1985) |access-date=2015-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002824/http://www.icpit.info/articles/J_Painter_PosturalIntegration1985_.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> through a particular form of ] ] ].<ref>Painter, Jack: ''Technical Manual of Deep Wholistic Bodywork'', Postural Integration; published by The International Centre for Release and Integration, Mill Valley, Calif. USA (1984) (2nd edit. 1990)</ref>


== See also ==
==Convergence of bodymind and mind-body==
* ]
In ] there is no ] ] between ] and ], between ] and ]. They are functioning and interactive aspects of the ]. Somatic Psychology embraces the ] ] of ] as the working model.
* ]

* ]
==Biopsychosocial model==
* ]
The ] of ] developed by ] ] is a way of looking at the ] and ] of a ] as two important ] that are interlinked. The biopsychosocial model is also a technical term for the popular concept of the mind-body connection. This is in contrast to the traditional ] of medicine.
* ]

* ]
As well as a separate existence of ] and ], the ] states that the workings of the body can affect the mind, and the workings of the mind can affect the body. This means both a direct interaction between mind and body as well as indirect effects through intermediate factors. This is also posited by ].
* ]

* ]
] MD has pioneered Mind-Body research focusing on stress and the "Relaxation Response" in medicine, in part. In his research, the Mind and Body are one system, in which meditation plays a significant role in reducing stress responses. He continues to pioneer medical research into Mind-Body questions.
* ]

* ]
==Bodymind in science==
* ]

* ]
Prevalent paradigms in ] and ] have located the mind in the brain. There is an ever-increasing scholarly corpus to the contrary. Importantly, Hunt (1995: p.?) proffers that there is no neurophysiological research that conclusively demonstrates that the 'higher' levels of mind; namely: ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], etc.; are located within the ] localised within the ].
* ]

* ]
For a ] to be correctly referred to as 'scientific', it must be repeatable, verifiable; therefore, defensable. Mind and consciousness pose a scientific conundrum to instrumentation and quantification as it is evident to all scientists that there is such a 'thing' as mind and consciousness but it is a significant challenge to codify and explore in the climate of current scientific inquiry. Historically, EEG technology and brain-wave frequencies furnished a scientifically demonstrable measurement of states of consciousness. EEG patterns measured on the cortex are the result of electroneurological activity of the brain. Subsequently, these states have been conflated with generic propensities and qualities in the literature. They do not furnish conclusively that mind is localised within the cranium. Indeed, the brain’s electroneurological activity, in and of itself, is not mind nor consciousness. Hunt (1995: p.?) tenders the hypothesis, albeit presently untestable, that mind and consciousness is a field phenomenon<ref>A field in science may be defined as a dispersed and/or radiating ] from an ]. This field phenomenon may be informed by the currently untestable ]. </ref> which interfaces with the body and the neurological structures in the brain.
* ]

* ]
] develops a conception of 'bodymind' (Oxford 1988: 116), as a way for scientists, in developing a science about sexuality, to move on from the platitudes of dichotomy between nature versus nurture, innate versus the acquired, biological versus the social, and psychological versus the physiological. He suggests that all of these capitalize on the ancient, pre-Platonic, pre-biblical conception of body versus the mind, and the physical versus the spiritual. In coining the term bodymind, in this sense, Money wishes to move beyond these very ingrained principles of our folk or vernacular psychology, in understanding sexuality, and aspects of humanness.
* ]

* ]
Money suggests that the concept of threshold (Oxford 1988: 115) - relating to the release or inhibition of sexual behavior - is most useful for sex research as a substitute for any concept of motivation. It confers a great of advantage of continuity and unity, to what would otherwise be disparate and varied. It also allows for the classification of sexual behaviors. For Money, the concept of threshold has great value because of the wide spectrum to which it applies. "It allows one to think developmentally or longitudinally, in terms of stages or experiences that are programmed serially, or hierarchically, or cybernetically (i.e. regulated by mutual feedback)." (Oxford 1988: 116)
* ]

==Bodymind in anthropology==
Drawing on the work of ] and other existentialists, in , Berkeley Anthropogist ] develops a concept of bodymind in relation to ].

==Bodymind in existential phenomenological psychology==
] engage the work of ], ], and ] to re-conceive the bodymind for psychology.

==Notes==
<references/>

==See also==
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==References== ==References==
{{reflist}}
*Arpaia, Joseph & D. Lobsang Rapgay (2004). ''Tibetan Wisdom for Modern Life''. Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 81-208-1955-1.
*Benson MD, Herbert. 2000 (1975). The Relaxation Response. Harper. ISBN 0380815958
*Bracken, Patrick & Philip Thomas (2002) , editorial, ] 2002;325:1433-1434 (21 December)
* Gallagher, Shaun. 2005. How the Body Shapes the Mind. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0199204160
*Keinänen, Matti (2005). ''Psychosemiosis as a Key to Body-Mind Continuum: The Reinforcement of Symbolization-Reflectiveness in Psychotherapy''. Nova Science Publishers. ISBN: 1-59454-381-X.
*Mayer, Emeran A. (2003). ''The Neurobiology Basis of Mind Body Medicine: Convergent Traditional and Scientific Approaches to Health, Disease, and Healing''. Source: http://www.aboutibs.org/Publications/MindBody.html (accessed: Sunday January 14, 2007).
*Mipham, Lama (Tarthang Tulku, trans.) (1973). ''Calm and Clear''. Emeryville, CA: Dharma Publ. (NB: with forward by Herbert V. Günther)
*Money, John. 1988. ''Gay, Straight, and In-Between: The Sexology of Erotic Orientation''. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505407-5
*Rothschild, Babette (2000). ''The Body Remembers: The Psychophysiology of Trauma and Trauma Treatment''. W W Norton & Co Inc.
*Scheper-Hughes, Nancy. 1987. with Margaret Lock. Medical Anthropology Quarterly. (1): 6-41.
*Hunt, V. V. (1995). ''Infinite Mind: The Science of Human Vibrations''. Malibu: Malibu Publishing Company.


== Further reading ==
==External links==
* Benson MD, Herbert; ( 2000) (1975), '' The Relaxation Response'', Harper {{ISBN|0-380-81595-8}}
*
* Bracken, Patrick & Philip Thomas; (2002), , editorial, ] 2002;325:1433–1434 (21 December)
* ]; (1986), ''Bodymind'' Penguin Putman Inc. NY, {{ISBN|0-87477-375-X}}
* Gallagher, Shaun; (2005) ‚ '' How the Body Shapes the Mind'' Oxford: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-920416-0}}
* Hill, Daniel (2015) ''Affect Regulation Theory. A Clinical Model'' W. W. Norton.& Co {{ISBN|978-0-393-70726-7}}.
* Keinänen, Matti; (2005), ''Psychosemiosis as a Key to Body-Mind Continuum: The Reinforcement of Symbolization-Reflectiveness in Psychotherapy''. Nova Science Publishers. {{ISBN|1-59454-381-X}}.
* Mayer, Emeran A. 2003. ''The Neurobiology Basis of Mind Body Medicine: Convergent Traditional and Scientific Approaches to Health, Disease, and Healing''. Source: https://web.archive.org/web/20070403123225/http://www.aboutibs.org/Publications/MindBody.html (accessed: Sunday January 14, 2007).
* ]; (1988) ''Gay, Straight, and In-Between: The Sexology of Erotic Orientation''. New York: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-505407-5}}
* Rothschild, Babette; ( 2000) ''The Body Remembers: The Psychophysiology of Trauma and Trauma Treatment''. W W Norton & Co Inc.
* Scheper-Hughes, Nancy, and Margaret M. Lock; (1987) with Margaret Lock. Medical Anthropology Quarterly. (1): 6–41.
* Seem, Mark & Kaplan, Joan; (1987) ''Bodymind Energetics, Towards a Dynamic Model of Health'' Healing Arts Press, Rochester VT, {{ISBN|0-89281-246-X}}
* Clare, Eli. "Brilliant Imperfection: Grappling with Cure"
* Schalk, Sami. "Bodyminds Reimagined: (Dis)ability, Race, and Gender in Black Women's Speculative Fiction"
* Patsavas, Alyson. "Recovering a Cripistemology of Pain: Leaky Bodies, Connective Tissue, and Feeling Discourse"
* Price, Margaret. "The Bodymind Problem and the Possibilities of Pain"
* Kafer, Alison. "Feminist, Queer, Crip"
*Hall, Kim. "Gender" chapter from "Keywords for Disability Studies".<ref>{{Cite book|title=Keywords for Disability Studies|last=Hall|first=Kim|publisher=NYU Press|year=2015|isbn=9781479839520|pages=89–91}}</ref>
*McRuer, Robert, and Johnson, Merri Lisa. "Proliferating Cripistemologies: A Virtual Roundtable".<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=McRuer|first1=Robert|last2=Johnson|first2=Merri|date=2014|title=Proliferating Cripistemologies: A Virtual Roundtable|url=http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A375817483/LitRC?sid=LitRC&xid=017e06ab|journal=Journal of Literary & Cultural Disability Studies|language=en|volume=8|issue=2|pages=149–170|doi=10.3828/jlcds.2014.13|s2cid=144682086 |issn=1757-6458}}</ref>
*Garland-Thomson, Rosemarie. "Extraordinary Bodies: Figuring Physical Disability in American Culture and Literature".<ref>{{Cite book|title=Extraordinary Bodies: Figuring Physical Disability in American Culture and Literature|last=Garland-Thomson|first=Rosemarie|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=1996|isbn=9780231105170}}</ref>
*Garland-Thomson, Rosemarie. "Becoming Disabled".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/21/opinion/sunday/becoming-disabled.html|title=Opinion {{!}} Becoming Disabled|last=Garland-Thomson|first=Rosemarie|date=2016-08-19|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-04-25|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>


] ]
] ]
{{philo-stub}}

Latest revision as of 21:34, 25 October 2024

Academic concept
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Bodymind is an approach to understand the relationship between the human body and mind where they are seen as a single integrated unit. It attempts to address the mind–body problem and resists the Western traditions of mind–body dualism.

Dualism vs holism

In the field of philosophy, the theory of dualism is the speculation that the mental and the physical parts of us, like our minds and our bodies, are different or separate.

Modern understanding

"The mind is composed of mental fragments- sensations, feelings, thoughts, imaginations, all flowing now in an ordered sequence, now in a chaotic fashion…. On the other hand, the body is constructed under the underlying laws of physics, and its components obey the well-enumerated laws of physiology. It is these characteristic differences between these two – between mind and body – that lead to the Mind-Body problem.". While Western populations tend to believe more in the idea of dualism, there is also good research on the neurophysiology of emotions and their foundation in human meaning-making and mental function, such as the research of Candace Pert.

Relevance to alternative medicine

In the field of alternative medicine, bodymind implies that

  • The body, mind, emotions, and spirit are dynamically interrelated.
  • Experience, including physical stress, emotional injury, and pleasures are stored in the body's cells which in turn affects one's reactions to stimuli.

The term can be a number of disciplines, including:

See also

References

  1. Robinson, Howard (2017), "Dualism", in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2017 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, retrieved 2020-04-10
  2. Taylor, John G. (2010-10-28). "Mind-body problem: New approaches". Scholarpedia. 5 (10): 1580. Bibcode:2010SchpJ...5.1580T. doi:10.4249/scholarpedia.1580. ISSN 1941-6016.
  3. Pert, Candace (2012). Molecules of Emotion: Why You Feel the Way You Feel. Simon & Schuster UK. ISBN 978-0671033972.
  4. Damasio, Antonio (2000). The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0156010757.
  5. Keleman, Stanley: Your Body speaks its Mind, Center Press (US) (1989) ISBN 978-0934320016
  6. Michael Irwin, Kavita Vedhara (2005). Human Psychoneuroimmunology. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-856884-1.
  7. Totton, N. (2003) Body Psychotherapy: An Introduction Open University Press. ISBN 0-335-21038-4 (pb); 0-335-21039-2.
  8. Staunton, T. (Ed.) (2002) Body Psychotherapy Brunner Routledge. ISBN 1-58391-115-4 PB0; 1-58391-116-2 (pb)
  9. Macnaughton, I. (2004) Body, Breath and Consciousness: A Somatics Anthology, ed. Macnaughton, North Atlantic Books. ISBN 1-55643-496-0 ISBN 978-1-55643-496-9
  10. Courtenay Young (2010) article The Science of Body Psychotherapy Today
  11. Sharf, R. S. (2011) Theories of Psychotherapy and Counselling p. 600
  12. Hill, Daniel (2015) Affect Regulation Theory. A Clinical Model W. W. Norton.& Co ISBN 978-0-393-70726-7
  13. Levenson, James L. (2006). Essentials of Psychosomatic Medicine. American Psychiatric Press Inc. ISBN 978-1-58562-246-7.
  14. Ziehl, Silke. "Jack Painter - Obituary" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2011-08-15.
  15. Erken, Rita and Schlage, Bernhard: Editors: Transformation of the Self with Bodymind Integration. Postural Integration – Energetic Integration – Psychotherapeutic Postural Integration; Articles by 14 international authors; Hubert W. Holzinger Verlag, Berlin (2012) ISBN 978-3-926396-67-9
  16. "Painter, Jack: Postural Integration, Transformation of the Whole Self (1985)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
  17. Painter, Jack: Technical Manual of Deep Wholistic Bodywork, Postural Integration; published by The International Centre for Release and Integration, Mill Valley, Calif. USA (1984) (2nd edit. 1990)

Further reading

  • Benson MD, Herbert; ( 2000) (1975), The Relaxation Response, Harper ISBN 0-380-81595-8
  • Bracken, Patrick & Philip Thomas; (2002), "Time to move beyond the mind-body split", editorial, British Medical Journal 2002;325:1433–1434 (21 December)
  • Dychtwald, Ken; (1986), Bodymind Penguin Putman Inc. NY, ISBN 0-87477-375-X
  • Gallagher, Shaun; (2005) ‚ How the Body Shapes the Mind Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-920416-0
  • Hill, Daniel (2015) Affect Regulation Theory. A Clinical Model W. W. Norton.& Co ISBN 978-0-393-70726-7.
  • Keinänen, Matti; (2005), Psychosemiosis as a Key to Body-Mind Continuum: The Reinforcement of Symbolization-Reflectiveness in Psychotherapy. Nova Science Publishers. ISBN 1-59454-381-X.
  • Mayer, Emeran A. 2003. The Neurobiology Basis of Mind Body Medicine: Convergent Traditional and Scientific Approaches to Health, Disease, and Healing. Source: https://web.archive.org/web/20070403123225/http://www.aboutibs.org/Publications/MindBody.html (accessed: Sunday January 14, 2007).
  • Money, John; (1988) Gay, Straight, and In-Between: The Sexology of Erotic Orientation. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505407-5
  • Rothschild, Babette; ( 2000) The Body Remembers: The Psychophysiology of Trauma and Trauma Treatment. W W Norton & Co Inc.
  • Scheper-Hughes, Nancy, and Margaret M. Lock; (1987) The Mindful Body: A Prolegomenon to Future Work in Medical Anthropology with Margaret Lock. Medical Anthropology Quarterly. (1): 6–41.
  • Seem, Mark & Kaplan, Joan; (1987) Bodymind Energetics, Towards a Dynamic Model of Health Healing Arts Press, Rochester VT, ISBN 0-89281-246-X
  • Clare, Eli. "Brilliant Imperfection: Grappling with Cure"
  • Schalk, Sami. "Bodyminds Reimagined: (Dis)ability, Race, and Gender in Black Women's Speculative Fiction"
  • Patsavas, Alyson. "Recovering a Cripistemology of Pain: Leaky Bodies, Connective Tissue, and Feeling Discourse"
  • Price, Margaret. "The Bodymind Problem and the Possibilities of Pain"
  • Kafer, Alison. "Feminist, Queer, Crip"
  • Hall, Kim. "Gender" chapter from "Keywords for Disability Studies".
  • McRuer, Robert, and Johnson, Merri Lisa. "Proliferating Cripistemologies: A Virtual Roundtable".
  • Garland-Thomson, Rosemarie. "Extraordinary Bodies: Figuring Physical Disability in American Culture and Literature".
  • Garland-Thomson, Rosemarie. "Becoming Disabled".
  1. Hall, Kim (2015). Keywords for Disability Studies. NYU Press. pp. 89–91. ISBN 9781479839520.
  2. McRuer, Robert; Johnson, Merri (2014). "Proliferating Cripistemologies: A Virtual Roundtable". Journal of Literary & Cultural Disability Studies. 8 (2): 149–170. doi:10.3828/jlcds.2014.13. ISSN 1757-6458. S2CID 144682086.
  3. Garland-Thomson, Rosemarie (1996). Extraordinary Bodies: Figuring Physical Disability in American Culture and Literature. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231105170.
  4. Garland-Thomson, Rosemarie (2016-08-19). "Opinion | Becoming Disabled". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-04-25.
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