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{{Short description|German rabbi}}
Also called '''Petachiah ben Yakov''', '''Moses Petachiah''', or '''Petachiah of Regensburg'''; ]n ] of the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries. He is best known for his extensive travels throughout ], the ], and the ].
{{fnh|Petachiah|of Regensburg|lang=Medieval}}
'''Petachiah of Regensburg''', also known as '''Petachiah ben Yakov''', '''Moses Petachiah''', and '''Petachiah of Ratisbon''', was a German/] ] of the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}} At some point he left his place of birth, ] in ], and settled in ].<ref name=":1"/> He is best known for the description he wrote to document his extensive travels during the late twelfth century throughout ], the ], and the ]. He visited places such as ], ], ], ], and ]. His work was later published, apparently in an abridged form, in a ] that eventually became known under the title ''Travels of Rabbi Petachia of Ratisbon''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |title= Travels of Rabbi Petachia, of Ratisbon, who, in the latter end of the twelfth century, visited Poland, Russia, Little Tartary, the Crimea, Armenia, Assyria, Syria, the Holy Land, and Greece |author1= Petachiah of Regensburg |author2= Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg |author2-link= Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg |editor1= Abraham A. Benisch |editor2=William Ainsworth |editor2-link=William Francis Ainsworth |publisher= Messrs. Trubner & Co. |date=1856 |location= London |language= Hebrew, English |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=M_EoAAAAYAAJ |access-date=24 March 2020}}</ref>


Petachiah was born in ], ]. He was the brother of Rabbi Yitzhak ha-Lavan ("the White") ben Yakov, a renowned ] jurist. During his childhood he was probably tutored by such scholars as ] (''Yehuda ben Shmuel''). He was the author of several glosses on the ]. As a young man he left Ratisbon, a city whose Jewish community was so renowned for its piety and learning that it was sometimes called the "Jewish Athens", and settled in Prague. Petachiah was born in Regensburg, a city whose Jewish community was so renowned for its piety and learning that it was sometimes called the "Jewish ]". He was the brother of ] ("the White"), a renowned rabbi and ], chief rabbinical authority of the Jews of Prague in that period. During his childhood Petachiah was probably tutored by such scholars as ], aka ''Judah the Pious'', who is also thought to have travelled with him for a time, and who is credited with compiling a report of Petachiah's journey.<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last1= Adler |first1= Elkan Nathan |title= Jewish Travellers in the Middle Ages |date= 2016 |publisher= Dover Publications, Inc. |location= New York |page= 64}}</ref> Petachiah entrusted Judah the Pious with his travel notes which were then turned into the aforementioned travelogue.<ref>Zunz, in Asher's ''Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela'', ii. 253</ref>


Petachiah also authored several glosses on the ].{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}
The date of his travels is uncertain. He probably set out from Prague sometime between 1170 and 1180, and was certainly in ] prior to 1187, since he describes it as being under the control of the ]. As Judah the Pious is supposed to have written the surviving edition of Petachiah's travelogue, he must have returned to Ratisbon prior to that sage's death in 1217.


The dates of the travels described in his travelogue are uncertain, but are placed roughly between the years 1170 and 1187.<ref name=":0" /> He probably set out from Prague sometime between 1170 and 1180, and was certainly in ] prior to the 1187 ], since he describes it as being under the control of the Latin ]. As Judah the Pious is supposed to have made the surviving manuscript copy of Petachiah's travelogue, the latter must have returned to Regensburg prior to that sage's death in 1217. Petachiah was recognised by sources as a merchant and it is thought that he, along with the other Jewish merchants of Regensburg, played a part in the development of a trade route that extended from ] to ].<ref>{{Cite journal |last= Brutzkus |first= J. |date= 1943 |title= Trade with Eastern Europe, 800-1200 |jstor= 2590513 |journal= The Economic History Review |volume= 13 |issue= 1/2 |pages= 31–41 |doi= 10.2307/2590513 }}</ref>
⚫ Petachiah traveled east from Bohemia, through ], ], southern ] (which he called ]), and the ]. He describes the remnants of the ] and the early ] community. He then went south through the ] khanates and the Caucasus into ], sojourning for a while in ]. From there he travelled to ], visiting ], ], ], and ] before moving on to ]. Turning westward, he journeyed up the ] and into ], visiting ] and ]. He travelled on to the ], visiting holy sites in the ] and ], from whence he may have taken to the sea, because the next place he describes is ]. From there, presumably, he returned home via the ].


Some of Petachiah's travelogue is devoted to discussing the oppression of ] and the struggles they often faced in Greece and other neighboring lands.<ref name=":1" />
The date of Petachiah's death is unknown.
]


⚫ Petachiah travelled east from ] through ], ], southern ] (which he called ]), and ] in ]. He describes the remnants of the ] and the early ] community. He then went south through the ] khanates and the Caucasus into ], sojourning for a while in ]. From there he travelled to ], visiting ], ], ], and ] before moving on to ]. Turning westward, he journeyed up the ] and into ], visiting ] and ]. He travelled onward to the Kingdom of Jerusalem, visiting holy sites in the ] and ], whence he may have taken to the sea. The next place he describes is ]. From there, presumably, he returned home via the ].<ref>Gottesman, Brian. "{{dead link|date=July 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}."</ref>
⚫ ]

⚫ ]
The date of Petachiah's death is unknown, but could be around 1225.{{citation needed|date=December 2012}}
⚫ ]

==See also==
* ]
* ] - medieval merchants, some of them Jewish
* ]
** ]

==Sources==
{{Reflist}}
* New facsimile reprint of 1856 Benisch edition: {{Cite book |title= Travels of Rabbi Petachia of Ratisbon |publisher= Piscataway: Gorgias Press |year= 2012 |isbn= 9781611439113 |oclc= 712630312 |series= Gorgias historic travels in the cradle of civilization, vol. 31 }}

==External links==
*, online version of the 1856 bilingual Benisch edition (PDF).

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Petachiah of Regensburg}}

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Latest revision as of 20:55, 6 October 2024

German rabbi In this medieval name, the personal name is Petachiah and of Regensburg is an appellation or descriptor. There is no family name.

Petachiah of Regensburg, also known as Petachiah ben Yakov, Moses Petachiah, and Petachiah of Ratisbon, was a German/Bohemian rabbi of the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries. At some point he left his place of birth, Regensburg in Bavaria, and settled in Prague. He is best known for the description he wrote to document his extensive travels during the late twelfth century throughout Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and the Middle East. He visited places such as Poland, Russia, Syria, Armenia, and Greece. His work was later published, apparently in an abridged form, in a travelogue that eventually became known under the title Travels of Rabbi Petachia of Ratisbon.

Petachiah was born in Regensburg, a city whose Jewish community was so renowned for its piety and learning that it was sometimes called the "Jewish Athens". He was the brother of Isaac ben Jacob ha-Lavan ("the White"), a renowned rabbi and Jewish jurist, chief rabbinical authority of the Jews of Prague in that period. During his childhood Petachiah was probably tutored by such scholars as Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg, aka Judah the Pious, who is also thought to have travelled with him for a time, and who is credited with compiling a report of Petachiah's journey. Petachiah entrusted Judah the Pious with his travel notes which were then turned into the aforementioned travelogue.

Petachiah also authored several glosses on the Talmud.

The dates of the travels described in his travelogue are uncertain, but are placed roughly between the years 1170 and 1187. He probably set out from Prague sometime between 1170 and 1180, and was certainly in Jerusalem prior to the 1187 Battle of Hattin, since he describes it as being under the control of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. As Judah the Pious is supposed to have made the surviving manuscript copy of Petachiah's travelogue, the latter must have returned to Regensburg prior to that sage's death in 1217. Petachiah was recognised by sources as a merchant and it is thought that he, along with the other Jewish merchants of Regensburg, played a part in the development of a trade route that extended from Mainz to Kiev.

Some of Petachiah's travelogue is devoted to discussing the oppression of Jews and the struggles they often faced in Greece and other neighboring lands.

The approximate route of Petachiah's journeys.

Petachiah travelled east from Bohemia through Poland, Ruthenia, southern Ukraine (which he called Qedar), and Genoese Gazaria in Crimea. He describes the remnants of the Khazars and the early Crimean Karaite community. He then went south through the Kipchak khanates and the Caucasus into Armenia, sojourning for a while in Nisibis. From there he travelled to Mesopotamia, visiting Nineveh, Sura, Pumbedita, and Baghdad before moving on to Seljukid Iran. Turning westward, he journeyed up the Euphrates and into Syria, visiting Aleppo and Damascus. He travelled onward to the Kingdom of Jerusalem, visiting holy sites in the Galilee and Judea, whence he may have taken to the sea. The next place he describes is Greece. From there, presumably, he returned home via the Balkans.

The date of Petachiah's death is unknown, but could be around 1225.

See also

Sources

  1. ^ Petachiah of Regensburg; Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg (1856). Abraham A. Benisch; William Ainsworth (eds.). Travels of Rabbi Petachia, of Ratisbon, who, in the latter end of the twelfth century, visited Poland, Russia, Little Tartary, the Crimea, Armenia, Assyria, Syria, the Holy Land, and Greece (in Hebrew and English). London: Messrs. Trubner & Co. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  2. ^ Adler, Elkan Nathan (2016). Jewish Travellers in the Middle Ages. New York: Dover Publications, Inc. p. 64.
  3. Zunz, in Asher's Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela, ii. 253
  4. Brutzkus, J. (1943). "Trade with Eastern Europe, 800-1200". The Economic History Review. 13 (1/2): 31–41. doi:10.2307/2590513. JSTOR 2590513.
  5. Gottesman, Brian. "Jewish Travelers in the early Middle Ages."
  • New facsimile reprint of 1856 Benisch edition: Travels of Rabbi Petachia of Ratisbon. Gorgias historic travels in the cradle of civilization, vol. 31. Piscataway: Gorgias Press. 2012. ISBN 9781611439113. OCLC 712630312.

External links

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