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{{subcat guideline|editing guideline|Reference desk/Guidelines/Medical advice|WP:RD/G/M}}
== Medical advice guidelines ==


The Misplaced Pages reference desk is not an appropriate place to request medical, legal or other professional advice, including any kind of medical ] or ]. Questions that appear to be soliciting medical advice, or responses that appear to provide such, should be dealt with as described below. At the very least, responses to questions soliciting medical advice should link to ].
Because most reference desk editors are not qualified medical doctors, and because it is not possible to conduct examinations of users with medical problems, there is no way for the Misplaced Pages Reference Desk to give accurate advice on specific medical conditions. The Reference Desk is not an advice page, and moreover there is the real possibility of doing harm to readers by advising them on medical issues&mdash;either because the advice is dangerous or because it discourages them from seeing a medical professional. '''Therefore medical advice must not be given by question-answerers''', and should not be requested. We can, of course, answer general factual questions about medicine and medical conditions, taking special care to base our answers on ] because of the health and safety implications. Since issues regarding the definition of and appropriate way to handle medical advice arise so frequently, some specific guidelines for this issue have been agreed upon.


== Why? ==
===What constitutes medical advice?===
Any posted comment containing a '''diagnosis''', a '''prognosis''' based on that diagnosis, or a suggested form of '''treatment''' or cure, in response to symptoms presented in a question, is considered medical advice.
* A diagnosis is the process of identifying a medical condition or disease by its symptoms ] article]. An example of a diagnosis: X says "I'm having memory problems". Y responds "You have ]".
* A prognosis is the prediction of how a patient's disease will progress, and whether there is chance of recovery ] article]. For example, Y says "by age 50, you will lose your memory".
* A treatment is any type or form of medication (] or ]) ''intended'' to alleviate the presented symptoms or cure the disease as diagnosed. For example, Y says "try chocolate cake; it works like magic with Alzheimer's".


All reference desk editors are volunteer contributors who are subject to existing Misplaced Pages guidelines, which specifically state that Misplaced Pages is not to be used or relied upon for professional advice (see ] and more specifically ]). The purpose is to avoid doing harm to readers by advising them on medical issues&mdash;either because the advice is potentially dangerous or because it may discourage them from seeing a medical professional. '''Therefore medical advice must not be given by respondents''', and should not be requested.
This guideline describes types of medical advice that are considered inappropriate to offer ''on Misplaced Pages'' as derived by the consensus of ]. Be aware that this guideline is not intended to define what constitutes the 'practice of medicine' for legal or professional purposes, nor should any part of this guideline be interpreted as supplanting or superceding the regulations of any government agency or professional body.


Respondents can answer general factual questions about medicine and medical conditions, taking special care to base our responses on ], but these facts must not be construed to apply to any particular individual for purposes of diagnosis or treatment.
⚫ ===Dealing with questioners asking for medical advice===
# Verify that the question asks for medical advice as detailed above. Typically a poster will ask about one or more symptoms, and solicit an opinion about diagnosis (What is this?), prognosis (Should I be worried about this?), or courses of action (What should I do about this?). The symptoms will be those of the poster, or ascribed to a friend or relative.
#Politely explain to the poster that we cannot offer medical advice. This may be accomplished using a suitable template, or a personalized message. Encourage the poster to direct their medical questions to their physician, pharmacist, parents, or guardian.
⚫ #Where appropriate, offer links to suitable resources. This may include internal wikilinks or external websites. ''Be extremely careful not to offer a diagnosis'' in this way. If the poster has identified their place of residence, contact information for local health professionals or hotlines may be provided.
⚫ *Note that questions may be about a medical ''topic'' ('What is sleep apnea?', for example) without necessarily seeking medical ''advice'', and this is acceptable.


{{small|The same applies to legal advice. Even if general information on the law can be provided, advice regarding a particular case is not acceptable. Law is full of exceptions and strange interactions, and, furthermore, depends on the jurisdiction where the events took place.}}
===Dealing with responders giving medical advice===
# Verify carefully in each and every instance that medical advice was delivered. There's no need to give the impression of hassling someone. (Responders, meanwhile, are encouraged to be very careful in handling medical questions if they've been cautioned about giving medical advice more than once.)
# Politely remind the responder that we cannot offer medical advice on Misplaced Pages.
# Remove the medical advice.
# Provide on the reference desk's talk page (or in another appropriate venue) the specific medical advice which was offered.
# Seek the intervention of an administrator if the problem persists.


== What does this guideline apply to? ==
⚫ ===When in doubt===

⚫ *If a question arises as to whether or not medical advice was sought or given, any party (poster, responder, or third party) may post the material in question on the talk page for review and discussion.
Any question that solicits a ''']''', a ''']''', or a suggested ''']''', or any response that provides them, is considered inappropriate for the reference desk.
⚫ *If the consensus is that the given response constitutes medical advice, the response in question will be removed immediately. During this process, responders are strongly encouraged to suggest ways to rephrase answers (their own or others') to present useful information without offering a diagnosis or other medical advice.

⚫ Note that questions may be about a medical ''topic'' ('What is ]?', for example) without necessarily seeking medical ''advice'', and this is acceptable.

== Distinguishing between what is and what is not acceptable ==

The difference between what is and what is not acceptable has to do with both the response and the question. If a ''complete'' answer to the question may be given without interpretation of the condition of any actual person, there is no problem. If an interpretation of an actual person's condition is necessary for a complete answer, the question is asking for some form of diagnosis or treatment advice, which is not appropriate.

Suppose the following question is asked:
:{{cross|18}}''I have a persistent cough. Can that be caused by heartburn? Questioner 23:59, 31 December 2000 (UTC)''
Although we can learn from the articles ] and ] that in ''some'' patients heartburn is a causative factor, there is no article in Misplaced Pages that states that specifically ''this questioner's'' cough may be caused by heartburn. The question cannot be answered completely without interpretation of the condition of questioner, and should be dealt with as discussed below.

However, suppose instead the following question is asked:
:{{tick|18}}''Is heartburn a common cause of a persistent cough? Questioner 23:59, 31 December 2000 (UTC)''
It is ''possible'' that this questioner has a persistent cough and heartburn, but the question is merely asking for statistical information found in ] and ]. Therefore, it is acceptable to answer this question as long as the response does not attempt to diagnose or suggest treatment for the questioner. For example, it is not permitted to answer this question with:
:{{cross|18}}''I've had heartburn with my cough. You should try drinking warm honey. It works great! Respondent 00:00, 1 January 2001 (UTC)''

⚫ == Dealing with questions asking for medical advice ==

Generally speaking, responses are more likely to be sanctioned than questions. The purpose is to minimise disruption: editors may disagree over whether a question is seeking medical advice, and removing the whole question is discouraging for new contributors. Therefore, most of the time, the responsibility lies with responders not to give medical advice, regardless of the question.

When answering a question that appears to be soliciting medical advice, outright removal of the question is discouraged. It is preferable to add a link to ], and answer by giving information, such as links to articles. The first response in particular should advise the person to seek a qualified professional. Subsequent responses must never bring this advice into question, and should reiterate it if there is any doubt. No response should attempt to focus on the particular questioner's problem. This can mean rewording the question. The purpose is to provide the questioner with information, but to make it clear that we cannot answer the question in terms of their particular symptoms.

Any response that provides medical advice, whether the question sought it or not, should be removed, or at least {{]}}d, and an explanation should be given along with a link to ]. But before removing a response, please '''first make sure the response indeed rises to the level of proscribed medical advice as described in the preceding sections'''. When removing or collapsing medical advice, it is often sufficient to simply add "Medical advice removed" in place of the response, but a fuller explanation can also be given. Furthermore, as a courtesy, it may be appropriate to inform the person on their talk page why their response was removed.

Although removal of questions is discouraged, if this is done, please follow the procedure below:

# Remove the question and any responses given so far. In their place, insert a neutral boilerplate message (such as {{]}}) pointing to the appropriate section of the ]. You may wish to sign the message or provide additional information about why the question was removed, although this is not required. The section header should usually be left intact unless it contains the question or a substantial part of it, in which case it may be desirable to change it. Also, note the removal of the question by posting the ] on the ].
⚫ # Consider leaving a note on the ] of the person who posted the question, explaining that we cannot offer medical advice. This may be accomplished using a suitable template (such as {{subst:]}}) or a personalized message. Encourage the poster to direct their medical questions to their physician, pharmacist, parents, or guardian. Where appropriate, offer links to suitable resources. This may include internal wikilinks or external websites. ''Be extremely careful not to offer a diagnosis'' in this way. If the poster has identified their place of residence, contact information for local health professionals or hotlines may be provided.

⚫ == When in doubt ==

⚫ *If a question arises as to whether or not medical advice was sought or given, any party (poster, responder, or third party) may post the material in question on the reference desk talk page for review and discussion.
⚫ *If the consensus is that the given response constitutes medical advice, the response in question will be removed immediately. During this process, responders are strongly encouraged to suggest ways to rephrase responses (their own or others') to present useful information without offering a diagnosis or other medical advice.

== See also ==
* ]
* ]
* ]


== External links == == External links ==

*Katy Ellen Deady. ''The Georgetown Journal of Legal Ethics'', Spring 2001. *Katy Ellen Deady. ''The Georgetown Journal of Legal Ethics'', Spring 2001.
*]. " ". '']'' '''4''' (1906): 373–9.
*{{cite book|author=]|title=Courts and Doctors|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UAKNqDWi704C&pg=PA3|year=1932|publisher=Beard Books|isbn=978-1-893122-73-4|page=3}}

]

Latest revision as of 18:35, 3 December 2021

Blue tickThis page documents an English Misplaced Pages editing guideline.
Editors should generally follow it, though exceptions may apply. Substantive edits to this page should reflect consensus. When in doubt, discuss first on this guideline's talk page.		Shortcut

The Misplaced Pages reference desk is not an appropriate place to request medical, legal or other professional advice, including any kind of medical diagnosis or prognosis. Questions that appear to be soliciting medical advice, or responses that appear to provide such, should be dealt with as described below. At the very least, responses to questions soliciting medical advice should link to Misplaced Pages:Medical disclaimer.

Why?

All reference desk editors are volunteer contributors who are subject to existing Misplaced Pages guidelines, which specifically state that Misplaced Pages is not to be used or relied upon for professional advice (see Misplaced Pages:General disclaimer and more specifically Misplaced Pages:Medical disclaimer). The purpose is to avoid doing harm to readers by advising them on medical issues—either because the advice is potentially dangerous or because it may discourage them from seeing a medical professional. Therefore medical advice must not be given by respondents, and should not be requested.

Respondents can answer general factual questions about medicine and medical conditions, taking special care to base our responses on reliable sources, but these facts must not be construed to apply to any particular individual for purposes of diagnosis or treatment.

The same applies to legal advice. Even if general information on the law can be provided, advice regarding a particular case is not acceptable. Law is full of exceptions and strange interactions, and, furthermore, depends on the jurisdiction where the events took place.

What does this guideline apply to?

Any question that solicits a diagnosis, a prognosis, or a suggested treatment, or any response that provides them, is considered inappropriate for the reference desk.

Note that questions may be about a medical topic ('What is sleep apnea?', for example) without necessarily seeking medical advice, and this is acceptable.

Distinguishing between what is and what is not acceptable

The difference between what is and what is not acceptable has to do with both the response and the question. If a complete answer to the question may be given without interpretation of the condition of any actual person, there is no problem. If an interpretation of an actual person's condition is necessary for a complete answer, the question is asking for some form of diagnosis or treatment advice, which is not appropriate.

Suppose the following question is asked:

☒NI have a persistent cough. Can that be caused by heartburn? Questioner 23:59, 31 December 2000 (UTC)

Although we can learn from the articles Cough and Heartburn that in some patients heartburn is a causative factor, there is no article in Misplaced Pages that states that specifically this questioner's cough may be caused by heartburn. The question cannot be answered completely without interpretation of the condition of questioner, and should be dealt with as discussed below.

However, suppose instead the following question is asked:

checkYIs heartburn a common cause of a persistent cough? Questioner 23:59, 31 December 2000 (UTC)

It is possible that this questioner has a persistent cough and heartburn, but the question is merely asking for statistical information found in Cough and Heartburn. Therefore, it is acceptable to answer this question as long as the response does not attempt to diagnose or suggest treatment for the questioner. For example, it is not permitted to answer this question with:

☒NI've had heartburn with my cough. You should try drinking warm honey. It works great! Respondent 00:00, 1 January 2001 (UTC)

Dealing with questions asking for medical advice

Generally speaking, responses are more likely to be sanctioned than questions. The purpose is to minimise disruption: editors may disagree over whether a question is seeking medical advice, and removing the whole question is discouraging for new contributors. Therefore, most of the time, the responsibility lies with responders not to give medical advice, regardless of the question.

When answering a question that appears to be soliciting medical advice, outright removal of the question is discouraged. It is preferable to add a link to Misplaced Pages:Medical disclaimer, and answer by giving information, such as links to articles. The first response in particular should advise the person to seek a qualified professional. Subsequent responses must never bring this advice into question, and should reiterate it if there is any doubt. No response should attempt to focus on the particular questioner's problem. This can mean rewording the question. The purpose is to provide the questioner with information, but to make it clear that we cannot answer the question in terms of their particular symptoms.

Any response that provides medical advice, whether the question sought it or not, should be removed, or at least {{collapse}}d, and an explanation should be given along with a link to Misplaced Pages:Medical disclaimer. But before removing a response, please first make sure the response indeed rises to the level of proscribed medical advice as described in the preceding sections. When removing or collapsing medical advice, it is often sufficient to simply add "Medical advice removed" in place of the response, but a fuller explanation can also be given. Furthermore, as a courtesy, it may be appropriate to inform the person on their talk page why their response was removed.

Although removal of questions is discouraged, if this is done, please follow the procedure below:

  1. Remove the question and any responses given so far. In their place, insert a neutral boilerplate message (such as {{RD-deleted}}) pointing to the appropriate section of the reference desk guidelines. You may wish to sign the message or provide additional information about why the question was removed, although this is not required. The section header should usually be left intact unless it contains the question or a substantial part of it, in which case it may be desirable to change it. Also, note the removal of the question by posting the diff on the talk page of the Reference desk.
  2. Consider leaving a note on the user talk page of the person who posted the question, explaining that we cannot offer medical advice. This may be accomplished using a suitable template (such as {{subst:RD medremoval}}) or a personalized message. Encourage the poster to direct their medical questions to their physician, pharmacist, parents, or guardian. Where appropriate, offer links to suitable resources. This may include internal wikilinks or external websites. Be extremely careful not to offer a diagnosis in this way. If the poster has identified their place of residence, contact information for local health professionals or hotlines may be provided.

When in doubt

  • If a question arises as to whether or not medical advice was sought or given, any party (poster, responder, or third party) may post the material in question on the reference desk talk page for review and discussion.
  • If the consensus is that the given response constitutes medical advice, the response in question will be removed immediately. During this process, responders are strongly encouraged to suggest ways to rephrase responses (their own or others') to present useful information without offering a diagnosis or other medical advice.

See also

External links

Categories: