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Democratic National Committee

Headquarters (2024)
Founded	May 26, 1848; 176 years ago (1848-05-26)
Location	430 South Capitol Street SE, Washington, D.C., U.S.
Coordinates	38°53′03″N 77°00′31″W / 38.88406°N 77.00859°W / 38.88406; -77.00859
Key people	Jaime Harrison (chair) Chris Korge (finance chair) Jason Rae (secretary)
Affiliations	Democratic Party
Website	democrats.org

The Democratic National Committee (DNC) is the principal executive leadership board of the United States Democratic Party. According to the party charter, it has "general responsibility for the affairs of the Democratic Party between National Conventions", and particularly coordinates strategy to support Democratic Party candidates throughout the country for local, state, and national office, as well as works to establish a "party brand" and to formulate the party platform. While it provides support for party candidates, it does not have direct authority over elected officials.

The DNC was established on May 26, 1848, at that year's Democratic National Convention. The DNC's main counterpart is the Republican National Committee.

Role

The DNC is responsible for articulating and promoting the Democratic platform and coordinating party organizational activity. In particular, it organizes and calls for the Democratic National Convention held every four years to nominate candidates for President and Vice President of the United States, and is subsequently responsible for the Presidential campaign. The DNC is more focused on campaign and organizational strategy than public policy. According to Boris Heersink, "political scientists have traditionally described the parties' national committees as inconsequential but impartial service providers."

In presidential elections, it supervises the national convention and, both independently and in coordination with the presidential candidate, raises funds, commissions polls, and coordinates campaign strategy. Following the selection of a party nominee, the public funding laws permit the national party to coordinate certain expenditures with the nominee, but additional funds are spent on general, party-building activities. There are state committees in every state, as well as local committees in most cities, wards, and towns (and, in most states, counties).

When the president is a Democrat, the party generally works closely with the president and the White House largely controls the committee.

Membership and Organisation

The DNC is headed by a chairperson, five Vice Chairpersons, a Treasurer, a Secretary, and a National Finance Chair, who are all elected by vote of members of the Democratic National Committee itself.

According to its charter, the committee is further composed of:

1. two representatives (including the chairperson) of each State Committee or US territory
2. 200 additional members apportioned to the states according to their population size (minimum two per state), elected either on the ballot by primary voters or by the State Committee or Caucus
3. two additional members per US territory, selected by their Democratic parties
4. the Democratic Leaders in the US Senate and House of Representatives
5. three Democratic governors (including the Chairperson of the Democratic Governors Association), mayors (including the Chairperson of the Democratic Mayors Association), county officials (including the Chairperson of the National Democratic County Officials), state legislators (including the Chairperson of the Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee), and municipal officials (including the Chairperson of the Democratic Municipal Officials), respectively
6. three representatives (including the Presidents) of the Young Democrats of America and the National Federation of Democratic Women, respectively
7. two representatives (including the chairpersons) of the College Democrats, the Democratic State Treasurers Association, the Democratic Lieutenant Governors Association, the Democratic Association of Secretaries of State, the Democratic Attorneys General Association, the National Democratic Ethnic Coordinating Committee, the National Democratic Seniors Coordinating Council, and the High School Democrats of America, respectively
8. eight representatives of the Democrats Abroad (including the chairperson), who each have half a vote
9. up to 75 additional members elected by the committee.

All DNC members are superdelegates to the Democratic National Convention, and their role can affect the outcome over a close primary race only if no candidate receives a majority of pledged delegates. These delegates, officially described as "unpledged party leader and elected official delegates," fall into three categories based on other positions they hold:

• elected members of the Democratic National Committee,
• sitting Democratic governors and members of Congress, and
• distinguished party leaders, consisting of current and former presidents, vice presidents, congressional leaders, and DNC chairs, are all superdelegates for life.

The DNC establishes rules for the caucuses and primaries which choose delegates to the Democratic National Convention, but the caucuses and primaries themselves are most often run not by the DNC but instead by each individual state. Primary elections, in particular, are conducted by state governments according to their own laws. Political parties can choose whether to participate and accept the results of a state's primary election.

The DNC convenes at least once a year. An Executive Committee of roughly 65 members determined by the DNC is responsible for the affairs of the party and meets at least quarterly. In addition, a National Advisory Board exists for purposes of fundraising and advising the executive. The present chair is Elizabeth Frawley Bagley, U.S. Ambassador to Brazil.

Current leadership

In 2021, the former chairman of the South Carolina Democratic Party Jaime Harrison was selected by President Joe Biden to chair the Democratic National Committee, and his nomination was approved by its members. A new chair will be elected in the 2025 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election

	Jaime Harrison	Chair
	Gretchen Whitmer	Vice Chair, Governor of Michigan
	Tammy Duckworth	Vice chair, U.S. senator from Illinois
	Henry R. Muñoz III	Vice chair
	Ken Martin	Vice Chair, President of the Association of State Democratic Committees, Chair of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party
	Keisha Lance Bottoms	Vice chair of Civic Engagement and Voter Participation
	Chris Korge	Finance chair
	Virginia McGregor	Treasurer
	Jason Rae	Secretary

Furthermore, the following non-voting officers execute administrative tasks within the DNC:

• Executive Director: Sam Cornale, former Chief of Staff of the Democratic National Committee
• Deputy Executive Director: Roger Lau, former Campaign Manager for Elizabeth Warren for President
• Political Director: Alana Mounce, former executive director of the Nevada State Democratic Party
• Chief of Staff: Anatole Jenkins, former National Organizing Director for Kamala Harris For The People

Chairs of the Democratic National Committee

List of Democratic National Committee chairs

Officeholder		Term	State
	Benjamin Hallett	1848–1852	Massachusetts
	Robert McLane	1852–1856	Maryland
	David Smalley	1856–1860	Vermont
	August Belmont	1860–1872	New York
	Augustus Schell	1872–1876	New York
	Abram Hewitt	1876–1877	New York
	William Barnum	1877–1889	Connecticut
	Calvin Brice	1889–1892	Ohio
	William Harrity	1892–1896	Pennsylvania
	James Jones	1896–1904	Arkansas
	Thomas Taggart	1904–1908	Indiana
	Norman Mack	1908–1912	New York
	William McCombs	1912–1916	New York
	Vance McCormick	1916–1919	Pennsylvania
	Homer Cummings	1919–1920	Connecticut
	George White	1920–1921	Ohio
	Cordell Hull	1921–1924	Tennessee
	Clem Shaver	1924–1928	West Virginia
	John Raskob	1928–1932	New York
	James Farley	1932–1940	New York
	Edward Flynn	1940–1943	New York
	Frank Walker	1943–1944	Pennsylvania
	Robert Hannegan	1944–1947	Missouri
	Howard McGrath	1947–1949	Rhode Island
	William Boyle	1949–1951	Missouri
	Frank McKinney	1951–1952	Indiana
	Stephen Mitchell	1952–1955	Illinois
	Paul Butler	1955–1960	Indiana
	Scoop Jackson	1960–1961	Washington
	John Bailey	1961–1968	Connecticut
	Larry O'Brien	1968–1969	Massachusetts
	Fred Harris	1969–1970	Oklahoma
	Larry O'Brien	1970–1972	Massachusetts
	Jean Westwood	1972	Utah
	Bob Strauss	1972–1977	Texas
	Kenneth Curtis	1977–1978	Maine
	John White	1978–1981	Texas
	Charles Manatt	1981–1985	California
	Paul Kirk	1985–1989	Massachusetts
	Ron Brown	1989–1993	New York
	David Wilhelm	1993–1994	Ohio
	Debra DeLee	1994–1995	Massachusetts
	Chris Dodd (General Chair)	1995–1997	Connecticut
	Don Fowler (National Chair)		South Carolina
	Roy Romer (General Chair)	1997–1999	Colorado
	Steve Grossman (National Chair)		Massachusetts
	Ed Rendell (General Chair)	1999–2001	Pennsylvania
	Joe Andrew (National Chair)		Indiana
	Terry McAuliffe	2001–2005	Virginia
	Howard Dean	2005–2009	Vermont
	Tim Kaine	2009–2011	Virginia
	Donna Brazile (Acting)	2011	Louisiana
	Debbie Wasserman Schultz	2011–2016	Florida
	Donna Brazile (Acting)	2016–2017	Louisiana
	Tom Perez	2017–2021	Maryland
	Jaime Harrison	2021–present	South Carolina
Source:

Deputy Chairs

This is an inactive position.

The Deputy Chair of the Democratic National Committee was re-established by Tom Perez in February 2017 after his win in the 2017 DNC Chair race.

After a close victory over Minnesota Congressman Keith Ellison, Perez appointed Ellison as deputy chair in an attempt to lessen the divide in the Democratic Party after the contentious 2016 Democratic presidential primaries, which saw conflicts between supporters of Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders. Perez was seen as being more in line with the Clinton wing, while Ellison was more in line with the Sanders wing. The role's revival in 2017 has been described by critics as largely titular and ceremonial.

On November 8, 2018, Ellison resigned from the position due to his win in the Minnesota Attorney General election. The position remains unoccupied.

Officeholder		Term	State
	Evan Dobelle	1980–1981	Massachusetts
	Alexis Herman	1989–1992	Alabama
	Ben Johnson	2003–2005	Maryland
	Mike Honda	2003–2005	California
	Susan Turnbull	2003–2005	Maryland
	Keith Ellison	2017–2018	Minnesota

Treasurers of the Democratic National Committee

List of Democratic National Committee Treasurers

Officeholder		Term	State
	Charles J. Canda	1875–1892	New York
	Robert B. Roosevelt	1892–1896	New York
	William P. St. John	1896–1897	New York
	James L. Norris	1897–1900	District of Columbia
	Millard Fillmore Dunlap	1900–1904	Illinois
	George Foster Peabody	1904–1906	New York
	August Belmont	1906–1908
	William H. O'Brien	1908	Indiana
	Charles N. Haskell	1908	Oklahoma
	Herman Ridder	1908–1912	New York
	Rolla Wells	1912–1916	Missouri
	Wilbur W. Marsh	1916–1924	Iowa
	James W. Gerard	1924–1932	New York
	Frank C. Walker	1932–1934	New York
	Walter J. Cummings	1934–1936	Illinois
	W. Forbes Morgan	1936–1937	New Hampshire
	Oliver A. Quayle Jr	1937–1941	District of Columbia
	R. J. Reynolds Jr.	1941–1942	North Carolina
	Edwin W. Pauley	1942–1945	California
	George Killion	1945–1947	California
	Joe L. Blythe	1948–1949	North Carolina
	Mary C. Zirkle (acting)	1949–1950	Washington
	Sidney Salomon Jr	1950–1951	Missouri
	Roy J. Turner	1951–1952	Oklahoma
	Dwight R. G. Palmer	1952–1953	New York
	Stanley Woodward	1953–1955	Virginia
	Matthew H. McCloskey	1955–1962	Pennsylvania
	Richard MaGuire	1962–1965	Indiana
	Clifton C. Carter (acting)	1965–1966	District of Columbia
	John Criswell (acting)	1966–1968	Oklahoma
	Robert E. Short (acting)	1968–1969	Minnesota
	Patrick J. O'Connor (acting)	1969–1970	Minnesota
	Robert S. Strauss	1970–1972	Texas
	Donald Petrie	1972
	Howard Weingrow	1972	New York
	C. Peter McColough	1973–1974	New York
	Edward Bennett Williams	1974–1977	District of Columbia
	Joel McCleary	1977–1978	North Carolina
	Evan Dobelle	1978–1979	Massachusetts
	Peter G. Kelly	1979–1981	Connecticut
	Charles Curry	1981–1983	Missouri
	Paul G. Kirk	1983–1985	Massachusetts
	Sharon Pratt Dixon	1985–1989	District of Columbia
	Robert Farmer	1989–1991
	Robert T. Matsui	1991–1995	California
	R. Scott Pastrick	1995–1997	Maryland
	Carol Pensky	1997–1999
	Andrew Tobias	1999–2017
	Bill Derrough	2017–2021	New York
	Virginia McGregor	2021–present	Pennsylvania

History

The DNC has existed since 1848. During the 1848 Democratic National Convention, a resolution was passed creating the Democratic National Committee, composed of thirty members, one person per state, chosen by the states' delegations, and chaired by Benjamin F. Hallett.

In order to strengthen the national party organization, Franklin Roosevelt proposed in 1925 that the DNC should open a permanent headquarters in order to function "every day in every year" and exist on a "business-like financial basis." In 1929, John Raskob led the creation of the first permanent national headquarters for the DNC in Washington, DC.

Watergate

In the 1970s, the DNC had its head office, located in the Watergate complex at the time, burglarized by entities working for Richard Nixon's administration during the Watergate scandal.

Chinagate

Chinagate was an alleged effort by the People's Republic of China to influence domestic American politics prior to and during the Clinton administration. In 2002, the Federal Election Commission fined the Democratic National Committee $115,000 for its part in fundraising violations in 1996.

Cyber attacks

Cyber attacks and hacks were claimed by or attributed to various individual and groups such as:

• According to committee officials and security experts, two competing Russian intelligence services were discovered on DNC computer networks. One intelligence service achieved infiltration beginning in the summer of 2015 and the other service breached and roamed the network beginning in April 2016. The two groups accessed emails, chats, and research on an opposing presidential candidate. They were expelled from the DNC system in June 2016.
• The hacker Guccifer 2.0 claimed that he hacked into the Democratic National Committee computer network and then leaked its emails to the newspaper The Hill. During a CNN interview with Jake Tapper, Hillary Clinton's campaign manager, Robby Mook, cited experts saying that the DNC emails were leaked by the Russians but did not name the experts. The press and cybersecurity firms discredited the Guccifer 2.0 claim, as investigators now believe Guccifer 2.0 was an agent of the G.R.U., Russia's military intelligence service.

2016 email leak

On July 22, 2016, WikiLeaks released approximately 20,000 DNC emails. Critics claimed that the Committee unequally favored Hillary Clinton and acted in support of her nomination while opposing the candidacy of her primary challenger Bernie Sanders. Donna Brazile corroborated these allegations in an excerpt of her book published by Politico in November 2017. The leaked emails spanned sixteen months, terminating in May 2016.

The WikiLeaks releases led to the resignations of Chairperson Debbie Wasserman Schultz, Communications Director Luis Miranda, Chief Financial Officer Brad Marshall and Chief Executive Amy Dacey. After she resigned, Wasserman Schultz put out a statement about possible FBI assistance in investigating the hacking and leaks, saying that "the DNC was never contacted by the FBI or any other agency concerned about these intrusions." During a Senate hearing in January 2017, James Comey testified that the FBI requested access to the DNC's servers, but its request was denied. He also testified that old versions of the Republican National Committee's servers were breached, but then-current databases were unaffected.

The DNC subsequently filed a lawsuit in federal court against WikiLeaks and others alleging a conspiracy to influence the election.

See also

• Green National Committee
• Libertarian National Committee
• Republican National Committee
• Information published by WikiLeaks

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Further reading

• Cotter, Cornelius P., and Bernard C. Hennessy, eds. Politics without Power: The National Party Committees (1964) ISBN 978-0-202-36317-2
• Galvin, Daniel J. “The Transformation of Political Institutions: Investments in Institutional Resources and Gradual Change in the National Party Committees,” Studies in American Political Development 26.1 (April 2012): 50–70; doi:10.1017/S0898588X12000028. ISSN 0898-588X.
• Goldman, Ralph M. The National party Chairmen and Committees: Factionalism at the Top (M.E. Sharpe, 1990)
• Heersink, Boris (2023). National Party Organizations and Party Brands in American Politics: The Democratic and Republican National Committees, 1912-2016. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780197695104.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-769514-2.
• Heersink, Boris. "Examining Democratic and Republican National Committee Party Branding Activity, 1953–2012." Perspectives on Politics (2021): 1–18. doi:10.1017/S1537592721000025.
• Heersink, Boris. "Trump and the party-in-organization: Presidential control of national party organizations." Journal of Politics 80.4 (2018): 1474–1482. doi:10.1086/699336.
• Heersink, Boris. "Party Brands and the Democratic and Republican National Committees, 1952–1976." Studies in American Political Development 32.1 (2018): 79–102. doi:10.1017/S0898588X18000020.
• Hejny, Jessica, and Adam Hilton. "Bringing contention in: a critical perspective on political parties as institutions." Studies in Political Economy 102.2 (2021): 161–181. doi:10.1080/07078552.2021.1949785.
• Herrnson, Paul S. “The Evolution of National Party Organizations,” in The Oxford Handbook of American Political Parties and Interest Groups, edited by L. Sandy Maisel and Jeffrey M. Berry. (Oxford University Press, 2010) pp. 245–264. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199542628.003.0013. ISBN 978-0-19-954262-8.
• Klinkner, Philip A. The Losing Parties: Out-Party National Committees, 1956-1993 (Yale University Press, 1994)
• Pavlov, Eugene, and Natalie Mizik. "Brand Political Positioning: Implications of the 2016 US Presidential Election." (2020) SSRN 3696652.

External links

• Official website
• The Charter & The Bylaws of the Democratic Party of the United States Archived December 18, 2021, at the Wayback Machine (PDF) as amended by the DNC; August 25, 2018
• Democratic National Committee – 2016 (members)

• Democratic National Committee
• Democratic Party (United States) organizations
• Factions in the Democratic Party (United States)
• Executive committees of political parties
• 1848 establishments in the United States