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{{Speciesbox
{{Taxobox | color = lightblue
| image = StrawMushroom.jpg
| name = Paddy straw mushrooms
| image_caption = Straw mushrooms, some still veiled, others opened—showing the cap inside
| image = ]
⚫ | genus = Volvariella
| image_width = 70px
| regnum = ] | species = volvacea
| authority = (]) ] (1951)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.speciesfungorum.org/GSD/GSDspecies.asp?RecordID=307802|title=Species Fungorum - GSD Species|website=www.speciesfungorum.org}}</ref>
| divisio = ]
| synonyms = * ''Agaricus volvaceus'' <small>Bull. (1786)</small>
| classis = ]
* ''Amanita virgata'' <small> ] (1797)</small>
| ordo = ]
* ''Vaginata virgata'' <small> ] (1821)</small>
| familia = ]
* ''Volvaria volvacea'' <small> ] (1871)</small>
⚫ | genus = '']''
| species = '''''V. volvacea'''''
| binomial = ''Volvariella volvacea''
| binomial_authority = (] ex ]) ]
}} }}
{{mycomorphbox {{mycomorphbox
| name = Volvariella volvacea | name = ''Volvariella volvacea''
| hymeniumType=gills | hymeniumType=gills
| capShape = conical | capShape = conical
Line 21: Line 18:
| stipeCharacter=volva | stipeCharacter=volva
| sporePrintColor=salmon | sporePrintColor=salmon
| ecologicalType=saprophytic | ecologicalType=saprotrophic
| howEdible=edible}} | howEdible=choice
}}
'''''Volvariella volvacea''''' (also known as '''straw mushroom''' or '''paddy straw mushroom'''; syn. ''Volvaria volvacea'', ''Agaricus volvaceus'', ''Amanita virgata'', ''Vaginata virgata'') is a species of ] cultivated throughout ] and ] and used extensively in Asian cuisines. In ], they are called cǎogū (]], lit. "straw mushroom"), and in Vietnamese they are called ''nấm rơm''.


'''''Volvariella volvacea''''' (also known as '''paddy straw mushroom''' or '''straw mushroom''') is a species of ] cultivated throughout ] and ] and used extensively in ]. They are often available fresh in regions they are cultivated, but elsewhere are more frequently found canned or dried. Worldwide, straw mushrooms are the third-most-consumed mushroom.<ref name="Straw Mushroom">{{cite web |title=Straw Mushrooms|url=https://www.mssf.org/cookbook/straw.html}}</ref>
They are often available fresh in Asia, but are more frequently found in canned or dried form outside their nations of cultivation.


== Description ==
They look dangerously similar to ]s, but can be distinguished by their pink spore print, which is white for ]s.
In their button stage, straw mushrooms resemble poisonous ]s, but can be distinguished by several mycological features, including their pink ] (spore prints of death caps are white). The two mushrooms have different distributions, with the death cap generally not found where the straw mushroom grows natively, but immigrants, particularly those from ] to ] and ], have been ] due to misidentification.<ref name="Money 2004">{{cite book |author=Money NP. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1ROa52_3bUwC&pg=PA153 |title=Mr. Bloomfield's Orchard: The Mysterious World of Mushrooms, Molds, and Mycologists |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-19-517158-7 |page=153}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gardiner |first=Stephanie |date=3 January 2012 |title=Two die after eating death cap mushrooms |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/two-die-after-eating-death-cap-mushrooms-20120104-1pk38.html |website=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref>


==See also== == Uses ==
Straw mushrooms are grown on rice straw beds and are most commonly picked when immature (often labelled "unpeeled"), during their button or egg phase, and before the veil ruptures.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0luzyrBPARgC&q=straw+mushrooms+veil+ruptures&pg=PA120|title=Tropical Mushrooms: Biological Nature and Cultivation Methods|first1=S. T.|last1=Chang|first2=Shu-ting|last2=Chang|first3=T. H.|last3=Quimio|date=9 January 1982|publisher=Chinese University Press|isbn=9789622012646|via=Google Books}}</ref> They are adaptable, taking four to five days to mature, and are most successfully grown in ] with high annual rainfall. No record has been found of their ] before the 19th century.<ref name="Hsiung06">{{cite book |title=The Chinese Kitchen |last=Hsiung |first=Deh-Ta |year=2006 |publisher=Kyle Cathie Ltd. |location=London |isbn=1-85626-702-4|pages=186–87}}</ref>
*]
*]


==External links== === Nutrition ===
One cup ({{Convert|182|g|abbr=off|disp=or}}) of straw mushrooms is nutritionally dense and provides {{convert|58|kcal|kJ|order=flip|abbr=off}} of ], 27.7&nbsp;] ] (50.36% of ]), 699 mg ] (46.60%), 2.6 mg ] (32.50%), 0.242&nbsp;mg ] (26.89%), 69&nbsp;μg vitamin B<sub>9</sub> (]) (17.25%), 111&nbsp;mg ] (15.86%), 0.75&nbsp;mg vitamin B<sub>5</sub> (]) (15.00%), 6.97&nbsp;g ] (13.94%), 4.5&nbsp;g total ] (11.84%), and 1.22&nbsp;mg ] (11.09%).<ref name="Health Benefits Times 2019">{{cite web | title=Straw Mushroom facts and health benefits | website=Health Benefits Times | date=2019-05-30 | url=https://www.healthbenefitstimes.com/straw-mushroom/ | access-date=2019-11-05}}</ref>
⚫ *

⚫ *http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=307802
== References ==
*http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=307802
{{Reflist}}
⚫ ]

== External links ==
{{Wikisource|Coloured figures of English fungi or mushrooms/Volume 1/Tab. 1}}
⚫ *
* http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=307802 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010052220/http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=307802 |date=2007-10-10 }}
⚫ * http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=307802
* https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2019.09.008
{{Commons category-inline}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q641656}}

⚫ ]
] ]
]
] ]
]

] ]
]
]

Latest revision as of 15:43, 14 June 2024

Volvariella volvacea
Straw mushrooms, some still veiled, others opened—showing the cap inside
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Pluteaceae
Genus: Volvariella
Species: V. volvacea
Binomial name
Volvariella volvacea
(Bul.) Singer (1951)
Synonyms
  • Agaricus volvaceus Bull. (1786)
  • Amanita virgata Pers. (1797)
  • Vaginata virgata Gray (1821)
  • Volvaria volvacea P. Kumm. (1871)
Species of fungus
Volvariella volvaceaView the Mycomorphbox template that generates the following listMycological characteristics
Gills on hymenium
Cap is conical or umbonate
Hymenium is free
Stipe has a volva
Spore print is salmon
Ecology is saprotrophic
Edibility is choice

Volvariella volvacea (also known as paddy straw mushroom or straw mushroom) is a species of edible mushroom cultivated throughout East and Southeast Asia and used extensively in Asian cuisine. They are often available fresh in regions they are cultivated, but elsewhere are more frequently found canned or dried. Worldwide, straw mushrooms are the third-most-consumed mushroom.

Description

In their button stage, straw mushrooms resemble poisonous death caps, but can be distinguished by several mycological features, including their pink spore print (spore prints of death caps are white). The two mushrooms have different distributions, with the death cap generally not found where the straw mushroom grows natively, but immigrants, particularly those from Southeast Asia to California and Australia, have been poisoned due to misidentification.

Uses

Straw mushrooms are grown on rice straw beds and are most commonly picked when immature (often labelled "unpeeled"), during their button or egg phase, and before the veil ruptures. They are adaptable, taking four to five days to mature, and are most successfully grown in subtropical climates with high annual rainfall. No record has been found of their cultivation before the 19th century.

Nutrition

One cup (182 grams or 6.4 ounces) of straw mushrooms is nutritionally dense and provides 240 kilojoules (58 kilocalories) of food energy, 27.7 μg selenium (50.36% of RDA), 699 mg sodium (46.60%), 2.6 mg iron (32.50%), 0.242 mg copper (26.89%), 69 μg vitamin B9 (folate) (17.25%), 111 mg phosphorus (15.86%), 0.75 mg vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) (15.00%), 6.97 g protein (13.94%), 4.5 g total dietary fiber (11.84%), and 1.22 mg zinc (11.09%).

References

  1. "Species Fungorum - GSD Species". www.speciesfungorum.org.
  2. "Straw Mushrooms".
  3. Money NP. (2004). Mr. Bloomfield's Orchard: The Mysterious World of Mushrooms, Molds, and Mycologists. Oxford University Press. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-19-517158-7.
  4. Gardiner, Stephanie (3 January 2012). "Two die after eating death cap mushrooms". The Sydney Morning Herald.
  5. Chang, S. T.; Chang, Shu-ting; Quimio, T. H. (9 January 1982). Tropical Mushrooms: Biological Nature and Cultivation Methods. Chinese University Press. ISBN 9789622012646 – via Google Books.
  6. Hsiung, Deh-Ta (2006). The Chinese Kitchen. London: Kyle Cathie Ltd. pp. 186–87. ISBN 1-85626-702-4.
  7. "Straw Mushroom facts and health benefits". Health Benefits Times. 2019-05-30. Retrieved 2019-11-05.

External links

Media related to Volvariella volvacea at Wikimedia Commons

Taxon identifiers
Volvariella volvacea
Agaricus volvaceus
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