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| '''Macedonism''' (] and ]: Македонизам, ]: Македонизъм, all ]: ''Makedonizam'') is a political term used to refer to a set of ideas regarded as characteristic of ethnic ] ]. The term is mostly used in a ] sense by opponents of such views, mainly by ]<ref name=Genov>Nikolaĭ Genov, Anna Krŭsteva, (2001) ''Recent Social Trends in Bulgaria, 1960-1995'', </ref> and sometimes ] authors,<ref name=SMS>, ''Macedonianism FYROM'S Expansionist Designs against Greece, 1944-2006'', Ephesus - Society for Macedonian Studies, 2007 ISBN: 978-960-8326-30-9, Retrieved on ].</ref><ref name=Gillespie>Kentrotis, Kyriakos (1996): "Echoes from the Past: Greece and the Macedonian Controversy", in: Richard Gillespie (ed.) ''Mediterranean Politics'', Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, p. 85–101 </ref><ref>Evangelos Kofos (1994): "Remarks on FYROM 's new school textbooks" </ref> where it has strong negative connotations. It is occasionally also used in international scholarship,<ref name=Bell>John D. Bell, edited by Sabrina P Ramet - (1999) ''The Radical Right in Central and Eastern Europe Since 1989'', </ref> and sometimes in a positive sense by ethnic Macedonian authors themselves.<ref></ref><ref>The Macedonian (Old-New) Issue. Mirjana Maleska, Institute of Sociological and Political Research, Skopje, Macedonia. New Balkan Politics - Journal of Politics ISSUE 3. | |||
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| </ref><ref name=Danforth>Example cited in: ] (1995), ''The Macedonian Conflict: ethnic nationalism in a transnational world'', </ref> | |||
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| ==Origins== | |||
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| The roots of the concept were first developed in the late 19th century, in the context of Greek, Bulgarian and Serbian initiatives to take control over the region of ], which was then ruled by the ]. It was used to refer to the idea that Macedonians constituted a distinct ethnicity, separate from Bulgarians. The first to coin the term ''Macedonists'' in this sense was the Bulgarian author ], who used it to criticise such a view in an article '']'' published on 18th January 1871 in the newspaper ] in ]. An early recorded use of the exact term ''Macedonism'' is in a report by the ] politician ] from 1887. He proposed to employ the Macedonist idea as an ally of Serbian as opposed to Bulgarian influence in Macedonia.<ref>From the report of S. Novakovic to the Minister of Education in Belgrade about 'Macedonism' as a transitional stage in Serbianizing the Macedonian Bulgarians - BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES - Institute of History - Bulgarian Language Institute, MACEDONIA, DOCUMENTS AND MATERIALS - Sofia 1978. </ref> | |||
| ==Ideas== | |||
| Among the beliefs and opinions that are often perceived as typical of Macedonian nationalism and are criticised as parts of "Macedonism" by those who use that term<ref>Representative of the anti-"Macedonist" criticism from the Bulgarian side is the work by ] (2003), '']'', Sofia.</ref> are the following: | |||
| *The idea that there is a fundamental, ancient ethnic distinction between Macedonians and Bulgarians, going much further back than the political divisions between the two nations during the 20th century; (see ]) | |||
| *The belief that this distinction is related to the inheritance of ethnic elements of the ancient non-Slavic tribe of the ], supposed to form an essential part of modern Bulgarian but not Macedonian heritage; (see ], ]) | |||
| *The idea that there is ethnic continuity between the modern Macedonians and the ], the inhabitants of the kingdom of ] under ]; | |||
| *] political views about the neighbouring regions of ] ''("]")'' and parts of southwest ] ''("]")'' and about Slav Macedonian minorities living in these areas, connected to the political idea of a ]. | |||
| Other, related areas of Macedonian-Bulgarian national polemics relate to: | |||
| * The presence of the ] in Medieval Macedonia and their connection with today Macedonians.(see ]) | |||
| * The ethnic character of various medieval historical figures and entities, including the saints ] and ], the medieval Tsar ] and his kingdom, and the medieval ]; | |||
| * The historical role of the ] and the ethnic character of ] | |||
| *The historical role of various Macedonian insurgent movements during the ] rule (see ]) and during the Bulgarian occupation of Macedonia in ] (]). | |||
| *The opinion that a separate Macedonian nationhood was an artificial product of ] propaganda during the 20th century<ref>Minchev, Dimiter: "Macedonia and Bulgaria". In: B. A. Cook (ed.), ''Europe since 1945: An Encyclopedia'' Taylor and Francis, 2001. ISBN 0815340583, pg. 808.</ref> and the belief of some Bulgarians that Macedonians should naturally form part of the Bulgarian nation.(see ]) | |||
| On the other hand, areas of Macedonian-Greek national polemics relate to: | |||
| * The origin of the ] and ] and their relation to the today Macedonian and Greek nations and languages. <ref>Tracing the script and the language of the Ancient Macedonian, Professor Tome Boshevski, Aristotel Tentov. </ref><ref>Ancient Macedonian Genes in the the Modern Macedonian Nation not-related to the Greek Nation </ref> (see ], ]) | |||
| ==Notes== | |||
| {{reflist|2}} | |||
| ==See also== | |||
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