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{{short description|American electrical engineer and writer (born 1942)}}
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{{Infobox scientist
| name = Keith Henson
| image = Keith Henson.jpg
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| caption = Keith Henson
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1942}}
| birth_place = United States
| death_date =
| death_place =
| field = ], ], ], ], ]
| work_institution =
| alma_mater = ], ]
| doctoral_advisor =
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| known_for = ], founding member<br />], lifetime member
| author_abbreviation_bot =
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'''Howard Keith Henson''' (born 1942) is an American ] and writer. Henson writes on subjects including ], ] (]), ], ], ], and the physical limitations of ]. In 1975, Henson founded the ] with his then-wife ] to promote ]. In 1987 the L5 Society merged with the National Space Institute to form the ].


==Early influences==
]]]


Henson was raised in a military family, and he attended seven schools before seventh grade. His father, Lt. Col. Howard W. Henson (1909–2001), was a decorated (] and ]) ] officer who spent much of his career in Army Intelligence. The science-fiction author ] heavily influenced his early life.<ref>{{cite web |author=R. U. Sirius |author-link=R. U. Sirius |url=http://www.10zenmonkeys.com/2007/02/05/a-reprint-of-an-interview-with-keith-henson-by-ru-sirius-2/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070403004147/http://www.10zenmonkeys.com/2007/02/05/a-reprint-of-an-interview-with-keith-henson-by-ru-sirius-2/ |archive-date=April 3, 2007 |title=Keith Henson Talks about Memetics, Evolutionary Psychology & Scientology |date=February 5, 2007}}</ref> Henson graduated from ] shortly after his father retired, before attending the ] and receiving a degree in ].<ref name="nss.org">{{cite web |author=Michael A. G. Michaud |title=Reaching for the High Frontier |url=http://www.nss.org/resources/library/spacemovement/chapter05.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161210141912/http://nss.org/resources/library/spacemovement/chapter05.htm |archive-date=December 10, 2016 |publisher=Praeger Publishers |date=1986}}</ref><ref>], ''Great mambo chicken and the transhuman condition, science slightly over the edge'', Westview Press, 1991, p. 47, p. 188.</ref>
'''Howard Keith Henson''' is an ] ] on ] and ], ], a bomb expert, a ] from U.S. Justice and an ] against the ]. Henson is a founding member of the ] and a life member of the ].


==University==
== Henson versus Scientology ==


During most of his time at university, Henson worked at a ] company and mostly ran ] surveys in the western US and ]. He also programmed geophysical type cases and wrote data reduction programs for the company.<ref>"Theoretical Induced Polarization and Resistivity Response for the Dual Frequency System Collinear Dipole-dipole Array: Volume 1 & 2. By Chris S Ludwig, H Keith Henson, Heinrichs Geoexploration Company Published by Heinrichs Geoexploration Co., 1967"</ref>
Henson has become one of the focal points of the ongoing struggle between the ] and its critics, often referred to as ]. Henson is a critic of Scientology whose actions resulted in his being convicted under a ] law regarding the act of "interfering with a religion." Henson is currently residing in ], seeking ] status based on his belief that his life would be threatened by ] if he returned to the ] to serve his sentence. The Church, on the other hand, has repeatedly declared that Henson is a ] and a ].


=== Druid prank ===
Henson entered the Scientology battle when it was at its most heated, in the mid-]. In ], the Scientology's "secret writings" (see ]) were released onto the ], and Scientology embarked on a massive worldwide campaign to keep them from being spread to the four corners of the earth. Henson examined these writings, entitled ''New Era Dianetics'' (known as NOTS in Scientology, and to the organization's critics), and from his examination of these "secret" documents, he claimed that Scientology was committing ].


Henson was known at the University of Arizona as one of the founders of the ] Student Center, where a campus humor newspaper, ''The Frumious Bandersnatch''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/sixties-l/ywHcCUkdNsg|title=Google Groups|website=groups.google.com}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=April 2023}} was published in the late 1960s. He cited an incident while he was a student as a good example of ]. When someone asked him to fill in a form which required him to disclose his religious affiliations, he wrote '']''. His prank was soon noticed by other students and before long almost 20% of the student body had registered themselves as Reform Druids, Orthodox Druids, Members of the Church of the ''n''th Druid, Zen Druids, Latter-Day Druids and so on. The university was forced to remove the religious affiliation question.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nadin |first=Mihai |author-link=Mihai Nadin |title=The Civilization of Illiteracy |page=407 |publisher=Dresden University Press |year=1997 |isbn=3931828387}}</ref>
The NOTS documents, he said, contained detailed instructions for the treatment of physical ailments and illnesses through the use of Scientology practices. However, a ] decision in ] had declared that Scientology's writings were meant for "purely spiritual" purposes, and all Scientology books published since then have included disclaimers stating that Scientology's ''E-meter'' device "does nothing" and does not cure any physical ailments. (''United States v. Founding Church of Scientology et al.,'' US District Court, District of Columbia 333 F. Supp. 357, July 30, 1971 ) The NOTS procedures, Henson claimed, were a violation of this decision. To prove his claim, Henson posted two pages from the NOTS documents onto the ] newsgroup ''].''


==Analog engineering==
The Church of Scientology immediately threatened to sue Henson, but he did not back down from his claims. Immediately afterwards, Henson was served with a lawsuit by the Church's legal arm, the Religious Technology Center (RTC). Henson defended himself in order to avoid the massive legal costs incurred in a Scientology lawsuit (see ]). After a lengthy court battle involving massive amounts of paperwork, Henson was found guilty of copyright infringement. He was ordered to pay $75,000 in fines, an amount trumpeted by the Church as the largest copyright damages award ever levied against an individual. (Critics of Scientology estimate that the organization spent a total of about $2 million in litigation against Henson.)
After graduation, Henson went to work for ] Research, now merged into ], in ]. He worked on extremely low distortion ]s and nonlinear function modules (multipliers, vector adders and root-mean-square). His first patent was a design for a 4-quadrant log-antilog multiplier. He claims to have been fired from an unnamed company in 1972 for refusing to certify an electronic module for a ] plant that failed to meet a required ] specification.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.terasemjournals.org/GN0202/henson6.html |journal=The Journal of Geoethical Nanotechnology, Terasem Journals |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080125005112/http://www.terasemjournals.org/GN0202/henson6.html |archive-date=January 25, 2008 |volume=2 |issue=2 |date=2007 |title=Bio of Keith Henson}}</ref> Henson set up his own company, Analog Precision Inc., to produce specialized computer interface equipment and related industrial control devices.<ref name="nss.org"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Declaration of H. Keith Henson, HILARY DEZOTELL, KEN HODEN, and BRUCE WAGONER, Plaintiff/Respondent, vs KEITH HENSON, Defendant/Appellant, Appellate No. 00338, Case No. HEC009673 Riverside Superior Court Appeals Division, Riverside, California, January 21, 2003 |url=http://groups.google.com/group/alt.religion.scientology/msg/7458b9baed7b5404?hl=en&&q=grassroots+public+policy+matters |via=Google groups |at=See Attachment A, Background and timelines for H. Keith Henson.}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=April 2023}}


Henson married his first wife, ], in 1967<ref></ref> and divorced in 1981.<ref name="nss.org"/>
Henson declared ] in response to the judgement, though the Church dogged him through every step of the filing process. Henson began protesting Scientology regularly, standing outside of Scientology's film studio ("Gold Base," see ]) with a picket sign. The organization sought assistance from the authorities, and finally Henson was arrested and brought on trial for criminal charges.


==L5 Society==
The jury verdict of the trial resulted in Henson being convicted of one of the three charges: "interfering with a religion." This charge carried a prison term of six months.
In 1974, Henson's occasional ] partner, ] Dr. Dan Jones,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nmt.edu/mainpage/giving/danjones.html |title=Dan Jones Scholarship |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080125014510/http://www.nmt.edu/mainpage/giving/danjones.html |archive-date=January 25, 2008 |website=] |access-date=October 27, 2007}}</ref> introduced him to the ] work of Dr. ] from ]. To promote these ideas, Henson and Meinel founded the ] in 1975.<ref name="mambo">Regis, Ed. ''The Great Mambo Chicken and the Transhuman Condition: Science Slightly Over the Edge''. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. {{ISBN|0-201-56751-2}}</ref><ref>Mark, Hans. ''The Space Station: A Personal Journey'', p. 54. Duke University Press, 1987. {{ISBN|0-8223-0727-8}}</ref>


Henson co-wrote papers for three Space Manufacturing conferences at Princeton. The 1977 and 1979 papers were co-authored with ]. Patents were issued on both subjects—vapor phase fabrication and space radiators.<ref>Henson, H.K., and K.E. Drexler. (1988) "Heterodensity heat transfer apparatus and method" U.S. Patent Office: #4,759,404 Henson, H.K., and K.E. Drexler. (1984) "Method for processing and fabricating metals in space" U.S. Patent Office: #4,480,677</ref>
Henson, who had been pursued relentlessly by the Church since the original lawsuit over three years previous, stated his belief that if he went to prison, his life would be placed in jeopardy. Rather than serve his sentence, Henson chose to emigrate to ] and apply for ].


In 1980, Henson testified before the ] when the L5 Society successfully opposed the ]. The society was represented by ]. The experience eventually became an article, ''Star Laws'', jointly written by Henson and Arel Lucas and published in '']''.<ref name="sci.space.policy post">{{Cite web |url=http://groups.google.ca/group/sci.space.policy/msg/3654d08deee4f4f0?hl=en& |title=sci.space.policy post |access-date=August 15, 2005 |archive-date=January 18, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118063842/http://groups.google.ca/group/sci.space.policy/msg/3654d08deee4f4f0?hl=en& |url-status=dead }}</ref> ] was influenced by Henson's work-and credited him in publications when he referred to Space Migration and Life Extension.
Henson's supporters on ''alt.religion.scientology'' made repeated charges that his trial was biased, unfair and a mockery of justice. Henson was prohibited by the trial judge from arguing that copying documents for the purpose of criticism is ].


==Memetics==
Shortly after his arrival in Canada, Henson was arrested by Canadian authorities at a public ]. A squadron of armed officers surrounded and arrested him at gunpoint. Henson was unarmed when this occurred, and he is not known to have ever carried a firearm. The police later admitted that they had received "a tip" from the ] branch of Scientology that a "dangerous fugitive" was wanted in the United States. Following this incident, Henson was taken to maximum security prison near Toronto, where he was held for 12 days before being released.
Henson's wife, Arel Lucas, was credited by ] in '']'' for suggesting that the study of ] be called ]. Henson wrote two articles on ]s in 1987, one published in '']'' and the other, ''Memes, Meta Memes and Politics,'' circulated on the internet before being printed.<ref>{{Cite magazine | url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,990753,00.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216220622/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,990753,00.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=February 16, 2008 | title=The Selfish Meme| magazine=Time| date=April 19, 1999}}</ref>


], who created the concept of ]s, approvingly cites Henson's coining of the ] ''memeoids'' to refer to "victims who have been taken over by a meme to the extent that their own survival becomes inconsequential" in the second edition of his book '']''.<ref>Dawkins, Richard. ''The Selfish Gene,'' p.330. Oxford University Press, 1989. {{ISBN|0-19-286092-5}}</ref>
Henson is currently residing in Canada, where his application for asylum is still under review.

==Cryonics==
In 1985, Henson, his wife, and their two-year-old daughter signed up with ] for ] after being convinced by ] that ] provided a method to make it work. Henson's daughter is the youngest member to sign up to Alcor.<ref name="regis104">{{cite book|title= Great Mambo Chicken and the Transhuman Condition: Science Slightly Over The Edge|last= Regis|first= Ed|author-link= Ed Regis (author)|year= 1991|publisher= Westview Press|isbn= 0-201-56751-2|pages= |url= https://archive.org/details/greatmambochicke00regi/page/104}}</ref> Following the ] problems,<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051105070331/http://www.alcor.org/Library/html/dorakent.html |date=November 5, 2005 }}, Alcor Life Extension Foundation, ''Excerpted from Cryonics, March 1988''</ref> Henson became increasingly active with Alcor. After Alcor froze their chief surgeon, he learned enough surgery to put several cryonics patients on ].<ref>, message posted by Keith Henson on the newsgroup sci.cryonics, 1993-15-Jan.</ref> He also wrote a column for Alcor's magazine, ''Cryonics'', for a few years.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Future Tech | journal = Cryonics | volume = 13 | pages = 7–8 |date=December 1992 | url = http://www.alcor.org/cryonics/cryonics9212.txt| issue=12}}</ref> Henson persuaded ] to become an Alcor member, though Leary eventually dropped his membership.

In that same year, Henson moved to ] to consult for a number of firms and debugged garbage collection software for the last stage of ].

==Scientology==
Keith Henson was working for the company that bought the Xanadu license when Scientology lawyer ] ] the news group ].<ref name="Net.Wars">{{cite book | last = Grossman | first = Wendy | title = Net.Wars | orig-year = 1997 | url = https://archive.org/details/netwars00gros/page/77 | access-date = June 11, 2006 | publisher = New York University Press | location = New York | isbn = 0-8147-3103-1 | pages = | chapter = Copyright Terrorists | chapter-url = http://www.nyupress.org/netwars/textonly/pages/chapter06/ch06_.html | date = October 1997 }}</ref> and later e-mailed legal warnings to participants who had quoted as few as six lines of ] texts.<ref>{{cite news | first = Alan | last = Prendergast | title = Stalking the Net | url = http://www.westword.com/1995-10-04/news/stalking-the-net/full | work = ] | publisher = Village Voice Media | date = October 4, 1995 | access-date = March 28, 2007}}</ref>

Henson is one of the focal points of the ongoing struggle between the ] and its critics, often referred to as ]. Henson entered the Scientology conflict when it was at its most heated in the mid-1990s. In 1996, many of ] were released onto the Internet, and the Church of Scientology embarked on a massive worldwide campaign to keep them from being spread to the general public. Henson examined these writings, titled ''New Era Dianetics'' (NOTS), and from his examination of these secret documents, said that Scientology was committing ].<ref name="UnfairGame"/> The NOTS documents, he said, contained detailed instructions for the treatment of physical ailments and illnesses through the use of Scientology practices. The ] decision in 1971 had declared that Scientology's writings were meant for "purely spiritual" purposes, and all Scientology books published since then have included disclaimers stating that Scientology's ] device "does nothing" and does not cure any physical ailments.<ref>{{cite court
|litigants=United States v. Founding Church of Scientology et al.
|vol=F. Supp. 357
|reporter=District of Columbia 333
|opinion=
|pinpoint=
|court=US District Court
|date=July 30, 1971
|url=http://www.lermanet.com/exit/emetercases.htm}}</ref> The NOTS procedures, Henson claimed, were a violation of this decision. To prove his claim, Henson posted two pages from the NOTS documents onto the ] newsgroup ''alt.religion.scientology''.<ref name="UnfairGame"/><ref name="Slips">{{cite magazine | first = Judy | last = Bryan | title = Scientology Slips Through the Net| url = https://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/1998/05/12355 | magazine = ] | date = May 18, 1998| access-date = September 8, 2007}}</ref>

The Church of Scientology immediately initiated legal action, but Henson did not retract his claims. He was served with a lawsuit by the church's legal arm, ] (RTC). Henson defended himself. After a lengthy court battle involving massive amounts of paperwork, Henson was found guilty of ]. He was ordered to pay $75,000 in fines.<ref name="UnfairGame"/><ref name="Slips"/><ref name="AtHome">{{cite news |first=Lucy |last=Morgan |title=Abroad: Critics public and private keep pressure on Scientology |url=http://www.sptimes.com/News/32999/Worldandnation/Abroad__Critics_publi.html |newspaper=] |date=March 29, 1999 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522214354/http://www.sptimes.com/News/32999/Worldandnation/Abroad__Critics_publi.html |archive-date=May 22, 2011}}</ref> Henson declared bankruptcy in response to the judgment. Henson began protesting Scientology regularly, standing outside Scientology's ] with a picket sign. The organization sought to obtain a restraining order, which was not granted.<ref name="UnfairGame"/><ref name="AtHome"/><ref name="JudgeOKs">{{cite web| first = Susan| last = Thurston| title = Judge OKs picketing of church| url = http://www.press-enterprise.com/newsarchive/1998/02/21/888047199.html| publisher = ]| date = February 21, 1998| access-date = September 8, 2007| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070928021518/http://www.press-enterprise.com/newsarchive/1998/02/21/888047199.html| archive-date = September 28, 2007| df = mdy-all}}</ref>

Henson was, however, charged with three ]s under California Law: making criminal threats (), attempting to make criminal threats (), and .<ref>{{cite web | title = Conviction of Scientology Critic Raises Free Speech Issue | url = http://w2.eff.org/effector/HTML/effect14.13.html#II | publisher = ] | date = June 22, 2001 | access-date = December 13, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080202101727/http://w2.eff.org/effector/HTML/effect14.13.html#II | archive-date = February 2, 2008 | url-status = dead | df = mdy-all }}</ref> Sheriff's Detective Tony Greer, ] lead investigator, said: "In reviewing all of the Internet postings I did not see any direct threat of violence towards the church or any personnel of the church."<ref name="UnfairGame"/>

The jury verdict of the trial resulted in Henson being convicted on one of the three charges: "interfering with a religion." This ] charge carried a prison term of six months. On the other two charges, the jury did not agree.<ref></ref> <ref name="UnfairGame">{{Multiref2 |1={{Cite news |title=Unfair Game : Scientologists get their man |first=Gale |last=Holland |date=June 20, 2001 |newspaper=] |url=http://www.laweekly.com/news/news/unfair-game/4713/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080110040416/http://www.laweekly.com/news/news/unfair-game/4713/ |archive-date=2008-01-10}} |2={{Cite web |title=Unfair Game (Page 2 of 2) |url=http://www.laweekly.com/news/news/unfair-game/4713/?page=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080131153146/http://www.laweekly.com/news/news/unfair-game/4713/?page=2 |archive-date=2008-01-31}} }}</ref>

Henson stated his belief that his life would be placed in jeopardy if he went to prison .<ref> of posting of Henson's fax where he stated "I am all too aware that going back to the US puts my life in danger."</ref>{{Better source needed|date=April 2023}} Rather than serve his sentence, Henson chose to enter Canada and apply for ]. Henson lived quietly in ] for three years while he awaited the decision. His request was ultimately denied, and in 2005 he was ordered to present himself for ] and transfer to US authorities. Instead, Henson fled to the United States and later presented himself to the Canadian consulate in Detroit. Then he settled in Prescott, Arizona, where he remained for two years until his arrest in 2007 by Arizona authorities.<ref>{{cite news | first = Susan | last = Gamble | title = Man critical of Scientology, who fled Brantford in 2005, is arrested in United States | url = http://www.brantfordexpositor.ca/webapp/sitepages/content.asp?contentid=393597&catname=Local%20News&classif=News%20-%20Local | publisher = ] | date = February 7, 2007 | access-date = February 10, 2007 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

The ], as well as Henson's supporters on the ] newsgroup ''alt.religion.scientology'', say that his trial was biased, unfair and a mockery of justice.<ref name="eff">{{cite web | url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2008/12/keith-henson-appeal-time-undo-injustice | title=Keith Henson Appeal: Time to Undo an Injustice | publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation | work=www.eff.org | date=December 24, 2008 | access-date=November 3, 2011 | author=Cohn, Cindy}}</ref> Henson was prohibited by the trial judge, for example, from arguing that copying documents for the purpose of criticism is ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eff.org/effector/HTML/effect14.13.html|title=EFFector|website=Electronic Frontier Foundation}}</ref> {{Citation needed|date=November 2011}}<!--maybe try http://www.operatingthetan.com/APP004184-Appeal-of-HEM14371/AOB.PDF --> Henson was held <!--February 3, 2007-->at the Yavapai Detention Center in ], awaiting extradition to ]. At the "initial appearance" hearing on February 5, 2007, Henson stated through counsel<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kielsky.com/w/|title=Michael Kielsky — Archived Campaign Site – No Victim, No Crime, No Time, No Fine!|access-date=November 19, 2019|archive-date=June 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619095907/http://kielsky.com/w/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615183418/http://attorney.kielsky.com/Henson/HensonNotice.pdf |date=June 15, 2007 }}</ref> that he was fighting extradition and requested release.

Judge Lindberg<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.co.yavapai.az.us/Content.aspx?id=20144|title=Superior Court - Division VI|date=September 28, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928074638/http://www.co.yavapai.az.us/Content.aspx?id=20144|archive-date=September 28, 2007}}</ref> set a court date for March 5, 2007, in the Prescott Justice Court<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.co.yavapai.az.us/Content.aspx?id=19168|title=Prescott Justice Court|date=February 14, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070214112059/http://www.co.yavapai.az.us/Content.aspx?id=19168|archive-date=February 14, 2007}}</ref> and set release at $7,500 cash or bond, with standard conditions. Henson's release on bond was secured.<ref name="jokester">{{cite news|first=Declan |last=McCullagh |title='Tom Cruise' missile jokester arrested |url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/tech-industry/tom-cruise-missile-jokester-arrested/ |publisher=] |date=February 5, 2007 |access-date=February 9, 2007 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130119131718/http://news.cnet.com/Tom-Cruise-missile-jokester-arrested/2100-1030_3-6156516.html |archive-date=January 19, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> In spite of these distractions, Henson finished a ] presentation for a European Space Agency conference. The paper was presented by proxy on February 28, 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.congrex.nl/06a12/|date=April 2, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070402181346/http://www.congrex.nl/06a12/|archive-date=April 2, 2007}}{{Bare URL inline|date=December 2024|reason=The archived content is not visible. Perhaps some tech person can capture it.}}</ref>

The extradition hearing for Henson was postponed until May 8, 2007, at the request of Henson's attorney and the County attorney.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://71.216.160.127/csp/pcc/csp4.csp?HENSON,HOWARD_KEITH&DKT=2007020065J&REP=7366&TOT=55 |title=Prescott Justice Court, Criminal Docket, Case 2007020065J |access-date=March 20, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080125035501/http://71.216.160.127/csp/pcc/csp4.csp?HENSON,HOWARD_KEITH&DKT=2007020065J&REP=7366&TOT=55 |archive-date=January 25, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> At his release from jail, Henson was handed paper work from Riverside County, including a warrant from September 15, 2000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www3.sympatico.ca/jdorsay/henson |title=HEM014371 - Case Report - Riverside Criminal & Traffic |access-date=2007-05-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070808021307/http://www3.sympatico.ca/jdorsay/henson |archive-date=August 8, 2007 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> At the May 8, 2007 hearing, Henson was presented with an arrest warrant and returned to jail.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.10zenmonkeys.com/2007/05/09/keith-henson-back-in-jail-space-elevator-will-have-to-wait/|title=Keith Henson Back in Jail – Space Elevator Will Have To Wait – 10 Zen Monkeys|date=May 9, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Palo Alto Daily News|url=http://www.paloaltodailynews.com/article/2007-5-20-pa-keith-henson|title=Former resident faces extradition over Scientology clash|access-date=May 29, 2007|date=May 20, 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070524050439/http://www.paloaltodailynews.com/article/2007-5-20-pa-keith-henson <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = May 24, 2007}}</ref> In 2007, Henson was jailed in Riverside, California for "using threats of force to interfere with another's exercise of civil rights".<ref>{{cite news | first = Mike | last = Zapler | title = In jail for protesting Scientology, man seeks pardon | url = http://www.mercurynews.com/crime/ci_6327289 | work = ] | date = July 8, 2007 | access-date = August 16, 2007}}</ref> He was released in early September 2007.

==Energy systems==
From 2007 on, Henson worked independently and with others on the problems of global energy supply and affordable cost, particularly on ''power satellites'' for ]. There he was particularly concerned with launch cost, system mass, waste heat, heat radiators, and economics.

The power satellite work was reported in a series of articles starting with two posted on ]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://theoildrum.com/node/5485|title=The Oil Drum &#124; Solar Satellite Power with Laser Propulsion and Reusable Launch Vehicle|website=theoildrum.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://theoildrum.com/node/7898|title=The Oil Drum &#124; Space Solar Power – Recent Conceptual Progress|website=theoildrum.com}}</ref> and three presented at IEEE SusTech conferences for Sustainable Technology. Henson also was involved in producing videos about thermal power satellites<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-Lrj35HcbQ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/q-Lrj35HcbQ |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Thermal Space Solar Power concept|date=May 23, 2015 |via=www.youtube.com}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and beamed energy propulsion<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEkZkINrJaA |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/VEkZkINrJaA |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Beamed Energy Bootstrapping|date=May 17, 2016 |via=www.youtube.com}}{{cbignore}}</ref> the latter of which won an award in an international competition. (See Online Journal of Space Communication, Issue No. 18 under '''Works''', below.)

A shorter version was shown at the ] in the last days of the ] by Lt. Col. ] and Dr. ] as part of the D3 government-wide contest.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maxwell.af.mil/News/Photos/igphoto/2001486838/|title=AU|website=www.maxwell.af.mil}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zrcoD_vHzxU |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/zrcoD_vHzxU |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Space Based Solar Power - a solution to the carbon crisis|date=April 20, 2016 |via=www.youtube.com}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Additionally, he worked over a year for Ed Kelly on ]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://theoildrum.com/node/8323|title=An Idea for Inexpensive Electricity: Concentrated Solar Power 12 Miles above the Earth|website=theoildrum.com |first=Keith |last=Henson |date=September 2, 2011}}</ref> when it seemed possible that ''high altitude lighter-than-air'' StratoSolar could beat the projected cost of power satellites.

Henson visited ] in the UK twice: in 2012 on the way back from a power satellite presentation in Germany ("Economic feedback for low-cost solar energy from space") and in 2016 when he gave a two-hour presentation to the engineering department of ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://htyp.org/wikiup/0/05/REL2.pdf|title=Power Satellites or Replacing Fossil Fuels with Economical Solar Energy from Space |website=htyp.org |date=March 4, 2016 |first=Keith |last=Henson}}</ref> The latter, plus other, later discussions set the rate of expansion for producing Skylon rocket planes used in the ''power satellite'' business cases.

In early 2015, Henson created the Google group '''Power Satellite Economics''' where various concerned citizens and experts from various fields can discuss the complexities and benefits of ''power satellites'' and related work.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/power-satellite-economics|title=Google Groups|website=groups.google.com}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=April 2023}}

==Works==
{{Refbegin}}
*Henson, H.K., and K.E. Drexler: ''Vapor-phase Fabrication of Massive Structures in Space'', Space Manufacturing AIAA 1977
*Henson, H.K., and K.E. Drexler: ''Gas Entrained Solids: A Heat Transfer Fluid for Use in Space'' Space Manufacturing AIAA 1979
*H. Keith Henson and Arel Lucas: ''STAR LAWS'' Reason Magazine, Aug. 1982
*Henson, H.K.: . ''L5 News'', September 1985, pp.&nbsp;5–8.
*Henson, H.K.: ''L5 News'', June 1986
*Henson, H.Keith: MEMETICS AND THE MODULAR-MIND ''Analog'' August 1987
*Henson, Keith: . ''Whole Earth Review'' no. 57, 1987
*Henson, H. Keith: 1987
*Henson, H. Keith: , 1988 Alt.
*H. Keith Henson and Arel Lucas: Darwin's difficulty (From Extropy) 1989
*H. Keith Henson and Arel Lucas: , 1989,
*H. Keith Henson: {{Cite web |url=http://cypherpunks.venona.com/date/1992/10/msg00092.html |title=Green Rage |access-date=August 24, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080608001919/http://cypherpunks.venona.com/date/1992/10/msg00092.html |archive-date=June 8, 2008 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}
*H. Keith Henson: and Arel Lucas: {{Cite web |url=http://www.aeiveos.com/~bradbury/Authors/Engineering/Henson-HK/ATU.html |title=A Theoretical Understanding |access-date=August 5, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041103101241/http://www.aeiveos.com/~bradbury/Authors/Engineering/Henson-HK/ATU.html |archive-date=November 3, 2004 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}, 1993
*Keith Henson: (adapted from the version published in Biased Journalism)'' Also
*H. Keith Henson:
*Henson, H. Keith: '''', The Human Nature Review 2002 Volume 2: 343–355
*H. Keith Henson: , ], 2006. Also
*H. Keith Henson: {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070515000000*/http://eugen.leitl.org/A-2000-tonne-per-day-Space-Elevator1.ppt |date=May 15, 2007 |title=''A 2000 tonne per day Space Elevator'' }} ESA Conference presentation Feb 2007
*H. Keith Henson: , ''The Clinic Seed—Africa.''
*Keith Henson: , ''Tunnel of Love.''
*H. Keith Henson: ''Beamed Energy and the Economics of Space Based Solar Power,'' Beamed Energy Propulsion: 6th International Symposium, American Inst. of Physics, 2010 {{ISBN|978-0-7354-0774-9}}
*{{cite web | author = Keith Henson | title = Space Solar Power – Recent Conceptual Progress | url = http://www.theoildrum.com/node/7898 | publisher = ] | date = June 3, 2011 | access-date = August 11, 2011 }}
*{{cite web | author = Keith Henson | title = An Idea for Inexpensive Electricity: Concentrated Solar Power 12 Miles above the Earth | url = http://theoildrum.com/node/8323 | publisher = ] | date = September 2, 2011 | access-date = December 16, 2022 }}
*{{cite web | author = Keith Henson | title = Transhumanism and the Human Expansion into Space: a Conflict with Physics | work = h+ Media | date = April 12, 2012 | url = http://hplusmagazine.com/2012/04/12/transhumanism-and-the-human-expansion-into-space-a-conflict-with-physics/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121130232045/http://hplusmagazine.com/2012/04/12/transhumanism-and-the-human-expansion-into-space-a-conflict-with-physics/ | archive-date = November 30, 2012 }}
*{{cite web | author = Keith Henson | title = Rays of Hope: Propulsion lasers to get parts up, Microwaves to get energy down and the effect of large-scale deployment of power satellites on CO2 | url = https://htyp.org/File:Oil_Drum_Rays_of_Hope_with_pix.doc }}
*{{cite web |author1=Keith Henson |author2=Steve Nixon |title=THE COLONIZATION OF (NEAR) SPACE |url=http://www.nss.org/adastra/volume26/v26n1.html |access-date=April 1, 2014 |archive-date=April 7, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407075612/http://www.nss.org/adastra/volume26/v26n1.html |url-status=dead }} Also
*{{cite web | author = Keith Henson | title = Dollar a Gallon Gasoline | date = July 7, 2018 | url = http://theenergycollective.com/keith-henson/362181/dollar-gallon-gasoline }}
*{{cite web | author = Keith Henson | title = Power Satellite Progress | date = July 7, 2018 | url = http://theenergycollective.com/keith-henson/485571/power-satellite-progress }} Comment on David MacKay's blog
*{{cite book | author = Henson, K | title = 2014 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (Sus ''Tech'') | pages = 203–208 | chapter = Solving economics, energy, carbon and climate in a single project |doi=10.1109/SusTech.2014.7046244| year = 2014 | isbn = 978-1-4799-5238-0 | s2cid = 44530126 }} 2014 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech), (pp.&nbsp;203–208). Portland: IEEE.
*{{cite web |author1=Keith Henson |author2=Steve Nixon |author3=Kris Holland |author4=Anna Nesterova |title=Thermal Power Satellites: A private collaboration between space scientists and media professionals |url=http://spacejournal.ohio.edu/issue18/sunflower.html }} Online Journal of Space Communication, Issue No. 18.
*{{cite web | author = Keith Henson | title = Thermal Power Satellites | url = http://spacejournal.ohio.edu/issue18/thermalpower.html }} Online Journal of Space Communication, Issue No. 18.
*{{cite web | author = Keith Henson | title = Mining Asteroids | url = http://htyp.org/Mining_Asteroids }}
*{{cite web | author = Keith Henson | title = UpLift: A story of Space Elevators and Power Satellites plus a bit on Mining Asteroids | url = http://htyp.org/UpLift }}
*{{cite book | author = Keith Henson | title = 2016 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (Sus ''Tech'') | chapter = Solar power satellites, a solution to energy and carbon | pages = 207–212 | doi = 10.1109/SusTech.2016.7897168 | isbn = 978-1-5090-4158-9 | year = 2016 | s2cid = 43227646 }} 2016 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech), Phoenix, AZ: IEEE.
{{Refend}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
;Media/Press mention
{{Refbegin}}
;1998
*, ''The Press-Enterprise'', February 21, 1998
*, ''Wall Street Journal'', July 21, 1998
;2001
*, April 27, 2001 '']'' article on Henson's conviction
*{{cite web |url = http://archive.salon.com/tech/feature/2001/05/23/henson/henson/index.html?VERSION=9 |title = On the run from L. Ron Hubbard |last = Cave |first = Damien |date = May 23, 2001 |work = ] |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080127184212/http://archive.salon.com/tech/feature/2001/05/23/henson/henson/index.html?VERSION=9 |archive-date = January 27, 2008 |df = mdy-all }}
*, Enzo Di Matteo, '']'', June 7 – 13, 2001.{{dead link |date= May 2015}}
*, '']'', June 22, 2001
;2007
*, ''10 Zen Monkeys'', February 4, 2007
*, ], 2007-02-04
*, ''p2p.net'', February 5, 2007
*, ], February 5, 2007
*, ''] '', February 6, 2007, ], Arizona{{dead link |date= May 2015}}
*{{Cite web |url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/tech-industry/tom-cruise-missile-jokester-arrested/ |title='Tom Cruise' missile jokester arrested |access-date=July 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130119131718/http://news.cnet.com/Tom+Cruise+missile+jokester+arrested/2100-1030_3-6156516.html |archive-date=January 19, 2013 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}, '']'', February 5, 2007, California
*, '']'', February 6, 2007
*, ''The Daily Courier'', ], Arizona, February 6, 2007.
*, ''The Press-Enterprise '', February 8, 2007, ], California{{dead link |date= May 2015}}
*{{cite news |last= Staff |title= Former Brantford man in Arizona jail |work= Brantford Expositor |publisher= Osprey Media |date= May 11, 2007 |url= http://www.brantfordexpositor.ca/webapp/sitepages/content.asp?contentid=525134&catname=Local%20News&classif=News%20Live }}{{dead link |date= May 2015}}
*{{cite news|last=Buric |first=Mirsada |title=Church of Scientology critic fights his extradition |work=Prescott Daily Courier |publisher=Prescott Newspapers Inc. |date=May 11, 2007 |url=http://prescottdailycourier.com/main.asp?SectionID=1&SubSectionID=1&ArticleID=44055&TM=25214.71 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127000217/http://prescottdailycourier.com/main.asp?SectionID=1 |archive-date=November 27, 2010 }}<!-- NOTE: LINKS TO WRONG ARTICLE? -->
{{Refend}}


==External links== ==External links==
{{Portal|Internet}}
;Biographical
*
*
* ({{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060207140004/http://www.eff.org/legal/cases/Scientology_cases/20010622_eff_henson_pr.html |date=February 7, 2006 |title=Mirror of press release's original location on the EFF website }})
*

;Bibliographical
*
*

{{Scientology and the Internet}}


{{authority control}}
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*
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Latest revision as of 15:19, 23 December 2024

American electrical engineer and writer (born 1942)

Keith Henson
Keith Henson
Born1942 (age 82–83)
United States
Alma materUniversity of Arizona, electrical engineering
Known forL5 Society, founding member
National Space Society, lifetime member
Scientific career
Fieldselectrical engineer, life extension, cryonics, memetics, Evolutionary psychology

Howard Keith Henson (born 1942) is an American electrical engineer and writer. Henson writes on subjects including space engineering, space law (Moon treaty), memetics, cryonics, evolutionary psychology, and the physical limitations of Transhumanism. In 1975, Henson founded the L5 Society with his then-wife Carolyn Meinel to promote space colonization. In 1987 the L5 Society merged with the National Space Institute to form the National Space Society.

Early influences

Henson was raised in a military family, and he attended seven schools before seventh grade. His father, Lt. Col. Howard W. Henson (1909–2001), was a decorated (Bronze Star and Legion of Merit) US Army officer who spent much of his career in Army Intelligence. The science-fiction author Robert A. Heinlein heavily influenced his early life. Henson graduated from Prescott High School shortly after his father retired, before attending the University of Arizona and receiving a degree in electrical engineering.

University

During most of his time at university, Henson worked at a geophysics company and mostly ran induced polarization surveys in the western US and Peru. He also programmed geophysical type cases and wrote data reduction programs for the company.

Druid prank

Henson was known at the University of Arizona as one of the founders of the Druid Student Center, where a campus humor newspaper, The Frumious Bandersnatch was published in the late 1960s. He cited an incident while he was a student as a good example of memetic replication. When someone asked him to fill in a form which required him to disclose his religious affiliations, he wrote Druid. His prank was soon noticed by other students and before long almost 20% of the student body had registered themselves as Reform Druids, Orthodox Druids, Members of the Church of the nth Druid, Zen Druids, Latter-Day Druids and so on. The university was forced to remove the religious affiliation question.

Analog engineering

After graduation, Henson went to work for Burr-Brown Research, now merged into Texas Instruments, in Tucson, Arizona. He worked on extremely low distortion quadrature oscillators and nonlinear function modules (multipliers, vector adders and root-mean-square). His first patent was a design for a 4-quadrant log-antilog multiplier. He claims to have been fired from an unnamed company in 1972 for refusing to certify an electronic module for a nuclear power plant that failed to meet a required MTBF specification. Henson set up his own company, Analog Precision Inc., to produce specialized computer interface equipment and related industrial control devices.

Henson married his first wife, Carolyn Meinel, in 1967 and divorced in 1981.

L5 Society

In 1974, Henson's occasional rock climbing partner, physicist Dr. Dan Jones, introduced him to the space colonization work of Dr. Gerard K. O'Neill from Princeton University. To promote these ideas, Henson and Meinel founded the L5 Society in 1975.

Henson co-wrote papers for three Space Manufacturing conferences at Princeton. The 1977 and 1979 papers were co-authored with Eric Drexler. Patents were issued on both subjects—vapor phase fabrication and space radiators.

In 1980, Henson testified before the United States Congress when the L5 Society successfully opposed the Moon Treaty. The society was represented by Leigh Ratiner. The experience eventually became an article, Star Laws, jointly written by Henson and Arel Lucas and published in Reason Magazine. Timothy Leary was influenced by Henson's work-and credited him in publications when he referred to Space Migration and Life Extension.

Memetics

Henson's wife, Arel Lucas, was credited by Douglas Hofstadter in Metamagical Themas for suggesting that the study of memes be called memetics. Henson wrote two articles on memes in 1987, one published in Analog and the other, Memes, Meta Memes and Politics, circulated on the internet before being printed.

Richard Dawkins, who created the concept of memes, approvingly cites Henson's coining of the neologism memeoids to refer to "victims who have been taken over by a meme to the extent that their own survival becomes inconsequential" in the second edition of his book The Selfish Gene.

Cryonics

In 1985, Henson, his wife, and their two-year-old daughter signed up with Alcor for cryonic suspension after being convinced by Eric Drexler that nanotechnology provided a method to make it work. Henson's daughter is the youngest member to sign up to Alcor. Following the Dora Kent problems, Henson became increasingly active with Alcor. After Alcor froze their chief surgeon, he learned enough surgery to put several cryonics patients on cardiac bypass. He also wrote a column for Alcor's magazine, Cryonics, for a few years. Henson persuaded Timothy Leary to become an Alcor member, though Leary eventually dropped his membership.

In that same year, Henson moved to Silicon Valley to consult for a number of firms and debugged garbage collection software for the last stage of Project Xanadu.

Scientology

Keith Henson was working for the company that bought the Xanadu license when Scientology lawyer Helena Kobrin tried to destroy the news group alt.religion.scientology. and later e-mailed legal warnings to participants who had quoted as few as six lines of Scientology texts.

Henson is one of the focal points of the ongoing struggle between the Church of Scientology and its critics, often referred to as Scientology versus the Internet. Henson entered the Scientology conflict when it was at its most heated in the mid-1990s. In 1996, many of Scientology's secret writings were released onto the Internet, and the Church of Scientology embarked on a massive worldwide campaign to keep them from being spread to the general public. Henson examined these writings, titled New Era Dianetics (NOTS), and from his examination of these secret documents, said that Scientology was committing medical fraud. The NOTS documents, he said, contained detailed instructions for the treatment of physical ailments and illnesses through the use of Scientology practices. The Supreme Court decision in 1971 had declared that Scientology's writings were meant for "purely spiritual" purposes, and all Scientology books published since then have included disclaimers stating that Scientology's E-meter device "does nothing" and does not cure any physical ailments. The NOTS procedures, Henson claimed, were a violation of this decision. To prove his claim, Henson posted two pages from the NOTS documents onto the Usenet newsgroup alt.religion.scientology.

The Church of Scientology immediately initiated legal action, but Henson did not retract his claims. He was served with a lawsuit by the church's legal arm, Religious Technology Center (RTC). Henson defended himself. After a lengthy court battle involving massive amounts of paperwork, Henson was found guilty of copyright infringement. He was ordered to pay $75,000 in fines. Henson declared bankruptcy in response to the judgment. Henson began protesting Scientology regularly, standing outside Scientology's Gold Base with a picket sign. The organization sought to obtain a restraining order, which was not granted.

Henson was, however, charged with three misdemeanors under California Law: making criminal threats (California Penal Code section 422), attempting to make criminal threats (California Penal Code section 422, charged pursuant to Penal Code 664, the "general attempt" statute), and threatening to interfere with freedom to enjoy a constitutional privilege. Sheriff's Detective Tony Greer, Riverside County lead investigator, said: "In reviewing all of the Internet postings I did not see any direct threat of violence towards the church or any personnel of the church."

The jury verdict of the trial resulted in Henson being convicted on one of the three charges: "interfering with a religion." This misdemeanor charge carried a prison term of six months. On the other two charges, the jury did not agree.

Henson stated his belief that his life would be placed in jeopardy if he went to prison . Rather than serve his sentence, Henson chose to enter Canada and apply for political asylum. Henson lived quietly in Brantford, Ontario for three years while he awaited the decision. His request was ultimately denied, and in 2005 he was ordered to present himself for deportation and transfer to US authorities. Instead, Henson fled to the United States and later presented himself to the Canadian consulate in Detroit. Then he settled in Prescott, Arizona, where he remained for two years until his arrest in 2007 by Arizona authorities.

The Electronic Frontier Foundation, as well as Henson's supporters on the USENET newsgroup alt.religion.scientology, say that his trial was biased, unfair and a mockery of justice. Henson was prohibited by the trial judge, for example, from arguing that copying documents for the purpose of criticism is fair use. Henson was held at the Yavapai Detention Center in Prescott, Arizona, awaiting extradition to Riverside County, California. At the "initial appearance" hearing on February 5, 2007, Henson stated through counsel that he was fighting extradition and requested release.

Judge Lindberg set a court date for March 5, 2007, in the Prescott Justice Court and set release at $7,500 cash or bond, with standard conditions. Henson's release on bond was secured. In spite of these distractions, Henson finished a space elevator presentation for a European Space Agency conference. The paper was presented by proxy on February 28, 2007.

The extradition hearing for Henson was postponed until May 8, 2007, at the request of Henson's attorney and the County attorney. At his release from jail, Henson was handed paper work from Riverside County, including a warrant from September 15, 2000. At the May 8, 2007 hearing, Henson was presented with an arrest warrant and returned to jail. In 2007, Henson was jailed in Riverside, California for "using threats of force to interfere with another's exercise of civil rights". He was released in early September 2007.

Energy systems

From 2007 on, Henson worked independently and with others on the problems of global energy supply and affordable cost, particularly on power satellites for space-based solar power. There he was particularly concerned with launch cost, system mass, waste heat, heat radiators, and economics.

The power satellite work was reported in a series of articles starting with two posted on The Oil Drum and three presented at IEEE SusTech conferences for Sustainable Technology. Henson also was involved in producing videos about thermal power satellites and beamed energy propulsion the latter of which won an award in an international competition. (See Online Journal of Space Communication, Issue No. 18 under Works, below.)

A shorter version was shown at the White House in the last days of the Obama administration by Lt. Col. Peter Garretson and Dr. Paul Jaffe as part of the D3 government-wide contest.

Additionally, he worked over a year for Ed Kelly on StratoSolar when it seemed possible that high altitude lighter-than-air StratoSolar could beat the projected cost of power satellites.

Henson visited Reaction Engines in the UK twice: in 2012 on the way back from a power satellite presentation in Germany ("Economic feedback for low-cost solar energy from space") and in 2016 when he gave a two-hour presentation to the engineering department of Reaction Engines. The latter, plus other, later discussions set the rate of expansion for producing Skylon rocket planes used in the power satellite business cases.

In early 2015, Henson created the Google group Power Satellite Economics where various concerned citizens and experts from various fields can discuss the complexities and benefits of power satellites and related work.

Works

References

  1. R. U. Sirius (February 5, 2007). "Keith Henson Talks about Memetics, Evolutionary Psychology & Scientology". Archived from the original on April 3, 2007.
  2. ^ Michael A. G. Michaud (1986). "Reaching for the High Frontier". Praeger Publishers. Archived from the original on December 10, 2016.
  3. Ed Regis, Great mambo chicken and the transhuman condition, science slightly over the edge, Westview Press, 1991, p. 47, p. 188.
  4. "Theoretical Induced Polarization and Resistivity Response for the Dual Frequency System Collinear Dipole-dipole Array: Volume 1 & 2. By Chris S Ludwig, H Keith Henson, Heinrichs Geoexploration Company Published by Heinrichs Geoexploration Co., 1967"
  5. "Google Groups". groups.google.com.
  6. Nadin, Mihai (1997). The Civilization of Illiteracy. Dresden University Press. p. 407. ISBN 3931828387.
  7. "Bio of Keith Henson". The Journal of Geoethical Nanotechnology, Terasem Journals. 2 (2). 2007. Archived from the original on January 25, 2008.
  8. "Declaration of H. Keith Henson, HILARY DEZOTELL, KEN HODEN, and BRUCE WAGONER, Plaintiff/Respondent, vs KEITH HENSON, Defendant/Appellant, Appellate No. 00338, Case No. HEC009673 Riverside Superior Court Appeals Division, Riverside, California, January 21, 2003". See Attachment A, Background and timelines for H. Keith Henson. – via Google groups.
  9. Interview with Carolyn Meinel
  10. "Dan Jones Scholarship". New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology. Archived from the original on January 25, 2008. Retrieved October 27, 2007.
  11. Regis, Ed. The Great Mambo Chicken and the Transhuman Condition: Science Slightly Over the Edge. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. ISBN 0-201-56751-2
  12. Mark, Hans. The Space Station: A Personal Journey, p. 54. Duke University Press, 1987. ISBN 0-8223-0727-8
  13. Henson, H.K., and K.E. Drexler. (1988) "Heterodensity heat transfer apparatus and method" U.S. Patent Office: #4,759,404 Henson, H.K., and K.E. Drexler. (1984) "Method for processing and fabricating metals in space" U.S. Patent Office: #4,480,677
  14. "sci.space.policy post". Archived from the original on January 18, 2010. Retrieved August 15, 2005.
  15. "The Selfish Meme". Time. April 19, 1999. Archived from the original on February 16, 2008.
  16. Dawkins, Richard. The Selfish Gene, p.330. Oxford University Press, 1989. ISBN 0-19-286092-5
  17. Regis, Ed (1991). Great Mambo Chicken and the Transhuman Condition: Science Slightly Over The Edge. Westview Press. pp. 104–105. ISBN 0-201-56751-2.
  18. Dora Kent: Questions and Answers Archived November 5, 2005, at the Wayback Machine, Alcor Life Extension Foundation, Excerpted from Cryonics, March 1988
  19. "Cryonics 'wet work'", message posted by Keith Henson on the newsgroup sci.cryonics, 1993-15-Jan.
  20. "Future Tech". Cryonics. 13 (12): 7–8. December 1992.
  21. Grossman, Wendy (October 1997) . "Copyright Terrorists". Net.Wars. New York: New York University Press. pp. 77–78. ISBN 0-8147-3103-1. Retrieved June 11, 2006.
  22. Prendergast, Alan (October 4, 1995). "Stalking the Net". Westword. Village Voice Media. Retrieved March 28, 2007.
  23. ^
  24. United States v. Founding Church of Scientology et al., F. Supp. 357 District of Columbia 333 (US District Court July 30, 1971).
  25. ^ Bryan, Judy (May 18, 1998). "Scientology Slips Through the Net". Wired. Retrieved September 8, 2007.
  26. ^ Morgan, Lucy (March 29, 1999). "Abroad: Critics public and private keep pressure on Scientology". St. Petersburg Times. Archived from the original on May 22, 2011.
  27. Thurston, Susan (February 21, 1998). "Judge OKs picketing of church". The Press-Enterprise. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved September 8, 2007.
  28. "Conviction of Scientology Critic Raises Free Speech Issue". Electronic Frontier Foundation. June 22, 2001. Archived from the original on February 2, 2008. Retrieved December 13, 2007.
  29. Riverside County Superior Court Case Report
  30. Google Groups Archive of posting of Henson's fax where he stated "I am all too aware that going back to the US puts my life in danger."
  31. Gamble, Susan (February 7, 2007). "Man critical of Scientology, who fled Brantford in 2005, is arrested in United States". Brantford Expositor. Retrieved February 10, 2007.
  32. Cohn, Cindy (December 24, 2008). "Keith Henson Appeal: Time to Undo an Injustice". www.eff.org. Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved November 3, 2011.
  33. "EFFector". Electronic Frontier Foundation.
  34. "Michael Kielsky — Archived Campaign Site – No Victim, No Crime, No Time, No Fine!". Archived from the original on June 19, 2019. Retrieved November 19, 2019.
  35. Invoking Rights Pursuant To A.R.S. §§ 13-3580, 13–3856 Archived June 15, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  36. "Superior Court - Division VI". September 28, 2007. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007.
  37. "Prescott Justice Court". February 14, 2007. Archived from the original on February 14, 2007.
  38. McCullagh, Declan (February 5, 2007). "'Tom Cruise' missile jokester arrested". CNET News.com. Archived from the original on January 19, 2013. Retrieved February 9, 2007.
  39. . April 2, 2007 https://web.archive.org/web/20070402181346/http://www.congrex.nl/06a12/. Archived from the original on April 2, 2007. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
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Further reading

Media/Press mention
1998
2001
2007

External links

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