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{{Short description|Latin phrase meaning "for the time being"}}
'''Pro tempore''' or '''pro temp''' is a latin phrase which best translates to "for the time being" in English. This phrase is most often used in politics to describe a person who acts as a '']'' (placeholder) in the absence of a superior, such as a ].
{{for multi|the journal|Pro tempore (journal)}}
{{redirect|Protem|the South African hamlet|Protem, Western Cape|the community in the United States|Protem, Missouri}}
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{{Wiktionary|pro tem}}


'''''Pro tempore''''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|p|r|oʊ|_|ˈ|t|ɛ|m|p|ə|r|i|,_|-|ˌ|r|eɪ}}), abbreviated '''''pro tem''''' or '''''p.t.''''',<ref>{{cite web|title=pro tempore|url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/pro-tempore|publisher=Dictionary.com, LLC|access-date=20 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=pro tempore|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pro%20tempore|publisher=Merriam-Webster, Incorporated|access-date=20 December 2017}}</ref> is a ] which best translates to 'for the time being' in English. This phrase is often used to describe a person who acts as a '']'' ('placeholder') in the absence of a superior, such as the ], who acts in place of the president of the United States Senate—a position that is held '']'' by the current ]. Legislative bodies can have one or more ]. These positions ostensibly go to legislators experienced in floor debate, who are familiar with the content and application of relevant rules and precedents and who have a reputation for fairness among their colleagues.{{Citation needed|date=March 2017}} The phrase is also used to describe officers appointed on a temporary basis, prior to the formalisation of their appointments.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oxford Learners Dictionaries |url=https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/pro-tem_1}}</ref>
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==Mayor pro tem==
⚫ ]
{{Main|Vice mayor}}
A common use of ''pro tempore'' in the ] is in ]ities such as ] and ]s with regard to the position of the ]. In many cities, the ] appoints one of its members (often its president) to act as '''mayor ''pro tempore'' (''pro tem'')''' (or '''vice mayor''') in the absence of the actual mayor.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harlow|first1=Keith|title=Job Description of a Deputy Mayor Pro Tem|url=http://work.chron.com/job-description-deputy-mayor-pro-tem-25918.html|website=Chron|publisher=]|access-date=20 December 2017}}</ref>

==Judge pro tem==
In judicial ]s, attorneys that volunteer in proceedings are called "judge pro tem" or judge pro tempore, though they may be paid in some circumstances. They typically have to meet some basic criteria to qualify, and often serve as neutrals or mediators in alternative dispute resolution processes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Temporary Judge Program|url=http://www.lacourt.org/generalinfo/temporaryjudge/GI_TJ004.aspx|website=Superior Court of California|publisher=County of Los Angeles|access-date=20 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pennsylvania Bulletin |url=https://www.pacodeandbulletin.gov/Display/pabull?file=/secure/pabulletin/data/vol38/38-29/1317.html |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=www.pacodeandbulletin.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Judge Pro Tempore {{!}} Maricopa County Superior Courts |url=https://superiorcourt.maricopa.gov/court-resources/court-roles/judge-pro-tempore/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=superiorcourt.maricopa.gov |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Oregon Judicial Department : ProTem Judge Appointments Information and Application Instructions : Oregon State Courts : State of Oregon |url=https://www.courts.oregon.gov/courts/pages/pro-tem.aspx |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=www.courts.oregon.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=In the Court of Common Pleas, First Judicial District of Pennsylvania Trial Division, Civil, Docket No. 1 of 2016, In Re: Commerce Case Management Program (Revised) |url=https://www.courts.phila.gov/pdf/regs/2016/cp-aj-ad-01-2016.pdf}}</ref> Among other things, they can also serve as masters and interim judges.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ditzen |first=L. Stuart |date=November 27, 2004 |title=Civil courts in city hailed as model |work=Philadelphia Inquirer}}</ref>

==Dean pro tem==
] sometimes appoint heads of faculties temporarily until ratified by a board of governors or senate committee. These positions are titled "Dean pro tem".<ref>{{cite web|title=Dean pro tem|url=https://news.ok.ubc.ca/exchange/2019/06/20/gino-dilabio-named-dean-pro-tem-for-the-irving-k-barber-school-of-arts-and-sciences/|website=The Exchange|date=20 June 2019 |publisher=The University of British Columbia|access-date=20 June 2019}}</ref>

==Speaker pro tem==
The ] was a position created after 2001, and the first to hold the position was ] in October 2023.

==See also==
*'']''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pro Tempore}}
⚫ ]


{{Latin-legal-phrase-stub}}

Latest revision as of 00:19, 22 November 2024

Latin phrase meaning "for the time being" For the journal, see Pro tempore (journal). "Protem" redirects here. For the South African hamlet, see Protem, Western Cape. For the community in the United States, see Protem, Missouri.

Pro tempore (/ˌproʊ ˈtɛmpəri, -ˌreɪ/), abbreviated pro tem or p.t., is a Latin phrase which best translates to 'for the time being' in English. This phrase is often used to describe a person who acts as a locum tenens ('placeholder') in the absence of a superior, such as the president pro tempore of the U.S. Senate, who acts in place of the president of the United States Senate—a position that is held ex officio by the current vice president of the United States. Legislative bodies can have one or more pro tempore for the presiding officer. These positions ostensibly go to legislators experienced in floor debate, who are familiar with the content and application of relevant rules and precedents and who have a reputation for fairness among their colleagues. The phrase is also used to describe officers appointed on a temporary basis, prior to the formalisation of their appointments.

Mayor pro tem

Main article: Vice mayor

A common use of pro tempore in the United States is in municipalities such as cities and towns with regard to the position of the mayor. In many cities, the city council appoints one of its members (often its president) to act as mayor pro tempore (pro tem) (or vice mayor) in the absence of the actual mayor.

Judge pro tem

In judicial courts, attorneys that volunteer in proceedings are called "judge pro tem" or judge pro tempore, though they may be paid in some circumstances. They typically have to meet some basic criteria to qualify, and often serve as neutrals or mediators in alternative dispute resolution processes. Among other things, they can also serve as masters and interim judges.

Dean pro tem

Universities sometimes appoint heads of faculties temporarily until ratified by a board of governors or senate committee. These positions are titled "Dean pro tem".

Speaker pro tem

The Speaker pro tempore of the United States House of Representatives was a position created after 2001, and the first to hold the position was Patrick McHenry in October 2023.

See also

References

  1. "pro tempore". Dictionary.com, LLC. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
  2. "pro tempore". Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
  3. "Oxford Learners Dictionaries".
  4. Harlow, Keith. "Job Description of a Deputy Mayor Pro Tem". Chron. Hearst Newspapers, LLC. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
  5. "Temporary Judge Program". Superior Court of California. County of Los Angeles. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
  6. "Pennsylvania Bulletin". www.pacodeandbulletin.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-31.
  7. "Judge Pro Tempore | Maricopa County Superior Courts". superiorcourt.maricopa.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-31.
  8. "Oregon Judicial Department : ProTem Judge Appointments Information and Application Instructions : Oregon State Courts : State of Oregon". www.courts.oregon.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-31.
  9. "In the Court of Common Pleas, First Judicial District of Pennsylvania Trial Division, Civil, Docket No. 1 of 2016, In Re: Commerce Case Management Program (Revised)" (PDF).
  10. Ditzen, L. Stuart (November 27, 2004). "Civil courts in city hailed as model". Philadelphia Inquirer.
  11. "Dean pro tem". The Exchange. The University of British Columbia. 20 June 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2019.


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