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{{Short description|City in Khuzestan province, Iran}}
{{location map|Iran|label=Khorramshahr|lat_deg=30|lat_min=26|lon_deg=48|lon_min=11|caption=Location of Khorramshahr, ]|float=right}}
'''Khorramshahr''' (]: خرمشهر) is a ] city in ] province in southwestern ]. It is approximately ten kilometres north of ]. The city extends to the right bank of the ] near its confluence with the ] river.


{{for multi|the administrative division of Khuzestan province|Khorramshahr County|the medium-range ballistic missile|Khorramshahr (missile){{!}}Khorramshahr}}
The estimates for the population vary widely between 338,922 <small>(2006, )</small> and 624,321<small> (2005, )</small>.


{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
==History==


{{Infobox settlement
In ancient times it had been known as ''Piyan'', and later ''Bayan''. The modern city was founded in (]) ] by Sheikh Yusuf bin Mardo, when steam navigation began on the Karun.
|official_name =Khorramshahr
|native_name = {{lang|fa|خرَمشَهر}}
|settlement_type = City
|image_skyline ={{Photomontage
| photo1a = Nowruz 2018 in Khorramshahr (13970109000585636579510470063573 33197).jpg
| photo2a = شهر خرمشهر.jpg
| spacing = 2
| size = 266
| foot_montage =
}}
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|pushpin_map =Iran
|mapsize =
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = ]
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|subdivision_name1 =]
|subdivision_type2 =]
|subdivision_name2 =]
|subdivision_type3 =]
|subdivision_name3 =]
|leader_title =Mayor
|leader_name =Kamyab Teymouri
|established_title =
|established_date =
|area_total_km2 =
|area_footnotes =
|population_as_of = 2016
|population_footnotes = <ref name="2016 Khuzestan Province"/>
|population_total = 133097
|population_est =
|population_est_as_of =
|population_density_km2 =auto
|timezone = ]
|utc_offset = +3:30
|coordinates = {{coord|30|26|22|N|48|10|54|E|dim:2km|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite map |author=((OpenStreetMap contributors)) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=30.439444&mlon=48.181667&zoom=14#map=14/30.43944/48.18167|website=] |title=Khorramshahr, Khorramshahr County|date=21 December 2024|access-date=21 December 2024|lang=fa}}</ref>
|elevation_m =
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|area_code =
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}}


'''Khorramshahr''' ({{langx|fa|خرمشهر}}; {{IPA|fa|xoræmˈʃæhɾ|}}){{efn|Also known as '''Khurramshahr'''; ({{langx|ar|المحمرة}}), ]d as '''Al-Muhammerah'''<ref>{{GEOnet3|-3071225}}</ref><ref>Khorramshahr entry in ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/316878/Khorramshahr</ref>}} is a city in the ] of ], ] province, ], serving as capital of both the county and the district.<ref name="Khuzestan Province Structure">{{cite report|title=Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Khuzestan province, centered in the city of Ahvaz|language=fa|website=rc.majlis.ir|via=Islamic Parliament Research Center|url=https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/113029|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717093724/https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/113029|publisher=Ministry of the Interior, Political and Defense Commission of the Government Board|last=Habibi|first=Hassan|archive-date=17 July 2014|date=26 July 2014|orig-date=Approved 21 June 1369|id=Proposal 3233.1.5.53; Letter 907-93808; Notification 82830/T126K|access-date=25 January 2024}}</ref> It is also known in Arabic by the local ] Arab ] as Al-Muhammarah ({{Langx|ar|المحمرة}}).<ref>{{Cite web |title=مدينة المحمرة |trans-title=Al-Muhammarrah City |url=https://al-ahwaz.com/arabic/2014/history/AhwazCities/cites/almohamara.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206212124/https://al-ahwaz.com/arabic/2014/history/AhwazCities/cites/almohamara.htm |archive-date=2024-12-06 |access-date=2024-12-06 |website=al-ahwaz.com |quote=تقع عند مصب نهر كارون في شط العرب ، شيدها يوسف بن مرداو ثاني امراء امارة المحمرة وذلك سنة 1229 هجـ - 1812 م وهو من شيوخ قبيلة البوكاسب الكعبية العربية ، ابدل الاحتلال الفارسي اسمها العربي بأسم فارسي فسميت ( خرمشهر ) . وتبعـد عن مد ينة الأحواز ( 120 كم ) ، وهى ميناء تجاري مهم . |trans-quote=It is located at the mouth of the Karun River on the Shatt al-Arab. It was built in 1229 AH / 1812 CE by Yusuf bin Mirdaw, the second ruler of the Emirate of Mohammerah, who was one of the sheikhs of the Arab Bukasib tribe of the Ka'b. The Persian occupation changed its Arabic name to a Persian one, calling it "Khorramshahr." It is 120 kilometers away from the city of Ahwaz and serves as an important commercial port.}}</ref>
===Sheikhdom===
In the early eighteenth century Mohammerah (محمرة which means "''reddened''" in ]) became a ]. In ], ] changed its Arabic name to the Persian name ''Khorramshahr''.


Khorramshahr is an ] city located approximately {{convert|10|km}} north of ]. The city extends to the right bank of the ] waterway near its confluence with the ] arm of the ] river. The city was destroyed in the ], with the 1986 census recording a population of zero. However, Khorramshahr was rebuilt after the war, and more recent censuses show that the population has returned to the pre-war level.
The first Sheikh was ] of the ''Muhaisin'' clan of the ] ] tribe. Succeeding Sheikhs were:


==History==
* ]? – ] ]
The area where the city exists today was originally under the waters of the ]. It later became part of the vast marshlands and the tidal flats at the mouth of the ]. The small town known as ''Piyan'', and later ''Bayan'' appeared in the area no sooner than the late ]n time in the first century AD. Whether or not this was located at the same spot where Khurramshahr is today, is highly debatable.
* 1819 – ] ]
* 1881 – ] ], styled ''Muaz us-Sultana''
* 1897-1925 ], styled ''Sardar-e-]''


During the Islamic centuries, the ] ] king, Panah Khusraw ] ordered the digging of a canal to join the Karun River (which at the time emptied independently into the Persian Gulf through the ] channel) to the ] (the joint estuary of the ] and ] rivers, known in Iran as ''Arvand Rud''). The extra water made the joint estuary more reliably navigable. The channel thus created was known as the ], ] for "excavated," "dugout," which exactly described what the channel was. The Haffar soon became the main channel of the ], as it is in the present day.
===The Iran-Iraq War===
During the ] it was extensively ravaged by Iraqi forces as a result of ]'s ] policy. Prior to the war, Khorramshahr had grown extensively to become one of the world's major port cities, and home to some of the most exclusive neighborhoods in Iran. The population was predominantly wealthy and upper class, and along with Abadan, the prevalent culture was that of modern Iranian ].


It was the capital of the ], and until 1847, at which time it became Persian territory (according to Article II of the ]), Khorramshahr was alternately claimed and occupied by ] and Turkey. Its ] at the time was an Arab ].<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Muhamrah|volume=18|page=956}}</ref>
As the Iraqis drew near at the beginning of the war, the ] evacuated much of the city. In the defense of Khorramshahr, the Iranians prepared a series of dykes on the outskirts of the city, the first dyke holding regular soldiers and the second dyke holding tanks, artillery, and anti-tank weapons. Personnel wise, the Iranian Regular Army was responsible for the city’s external defenses and the ] were responsible for the center.


===Iran–Iraq War===
The Iraqi objectives were to occupy the city outskirts, the Dej Barracks in the north, and the port in the south. In the first days of the fighting, beginning on September 30th, the Iraqis cleared the dykes and captured the area around the city, cutting it off from both Abadan and the rest of the Khuzestan province. The first two attempts to enter the city, launched by an armored division and ], were met with heavy losses for the Iraqi forces. In response, the Iraqis planned on sending in additional commando units with armor providing backup. Iraqi Special Forces and Commando units took the port whilst Iraqi armored brigades took Dej, both before moving into the suburbs.
{{Main|Battle of Khorramshahr (1980)|Battle of Khorramshahr (1982)}}
Because of the war, the population of Khorramshahr dropped from 146,706 in the 1976 census to 0 in the 1986 census. The population reached 34,750 in the 1991 census and by the 2006 census it reached 123,866, and according to World Gazetteer its population as of 2012 is 138,398, making the population close to what it was before the war.<ref>{{IranCensus2006|06}}</ref>


==Demographics==
It was in the suburbs that the Iraqi attack stalled when they encountered Iranian Pasdaran and ]s. Local counterattacks by tank-infantry teams turned back the Iraqi forces at several points. The sheer weight of the Iraqi tank force settled the issue in their favor, but when Iranian armor was encountered on the defense, it stopped attacks cold. Only repeated combined arms assaults broke the ability of the Chieftains to dominate the open areas within the suburban battle space.
===Mandaean community===
] in Khorramshahr in 2015]]
Khorramshahr is home to a ]. It is one of the last remaining locations in the world where ] is still spoken. There are only a few hundred speakers of the Khorramshahr dialect of Neo-Mandaic.<ref name="Häberl 2009">{{cite book|last=Häberl|first=Charles|title=The neo-Mandaic dialect of Khorramshahr|publisher=Harrassowitz|publication-place=Wiesbaden|year=2009|isbn=978-3-447-05874-2|oclc=377787551|page=}}</ref>


===Population===
As the fighting moved toward the city center, armor operations were reduced to a supporting role, since the tanks couldn’t fire as effectively through the tight and narrow streets. The Iraqis tended to attack at night to advance troops and gain surprise, and place observation points on tall buildings. The Iranians would often move in snipers at night, which also bogged the battle down for the invading Iraqis. Due to the heroism of Pasdaran and ], battles were often ], floor-to-floor, and room-to-room. Reports indicate that Iraqis would at times encounter Pasdaran who were armed with anything from assault rifles all the way down to sticks and knives.
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 123,866 in 26,385 households.<ref name="2006 Khuzestan Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Khuzestan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/06.xls|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920093911/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/06.xls|format=Excel|archive-date=20 September 2011}}</ref> The following census in 2011 counted 129,418 people in 33,623 households.<ref name="2011 Khuzestan Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Khuzestan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=irandataportal.syr.edu|via=Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University|url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Khuzestan.xls|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118191739/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Khuzestan.xls|archive-date=18 January 2023|access-date=19 December 2022|format=Excel}}</ref> The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 133,097 people in 37,124 households.<ref name="2016 Khuzestan Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Khuzestan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_06.xlsx|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021081917/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_06.xlsx|format=Excel|archive-date=21 October 2020}}</ref>
] in September-October 1981.]]


==Notable people==
The final objectives towards the end of the battle were the Government building where the Iranian headquarters was located, as well as the nearby bridge connecting the road from Khorramshahr to Abadan. Fighting for possession of the bridge took 48 hours. The last Iraqi attack started at dawn on 24 October and lasted five hours. The city was cleared by 26 October.
*] (b. 1956), Iranian football legend, played at the ]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sceastbengal.co/post/majid-bishkar-the-prince-of-persia-who-cast-a-spell-with-his-magic|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509131534/https://www.sceastbengal.co/post/majid-bishkar-the-prince-of-persia-who-cast-a-spell-with-his-magic|url-status=usurped|archive-date=9 May 2021|title=Majid Bishkar: The 'Prince of Persia' who cast a spell with his magic|website=East Bengal Football Club official website|date=May 2021|access-date=1 July 2021}}</ref>
* ] (b. 1979) is an Iranian musician, singer, record producer and songwriter, based in Tehran. He has released ten albums including a soundtrack to the 2007 film ].
* ] (b. 1902), former ]
* ] (b. 1981), Iranian Maddah<ref>{{Cite web |title=رابطه عاشقانه دختر رضا هلالی با پدرش / هلالی: دخترم دانشجوی پزشکی است + فیلم |url=https://snn.ir/fa/news/1158643/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%87-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%AF%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7-%D9%87%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D9%BE%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B4-%D9%87%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%AC%D9%88%DB%8C-%D9%BE%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85 |access-date=2024-09-16 |website=snn.ir |language=fa}}</ref>
* ] (b. 1958), Iranian photographer, ]<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.qoqnoos.com/body/photography/m-rastani/resume.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622024927/http://www.qoqnoos.com/body/photography/m-rastani/resume.htm |title=Mohsen Rastani |publisher=Qoqnoos |date= |archive-date=22 June 2013}}</ref>
* ] (b. 1959) is an Iranian Mathematician. In 2018 he was elected by ] as a fellow member. That would make him the first Iranian mathematician who's ever been a member of ]. In 2019 he was named Chevalier of the ] for distinguished effort on extended multi-dimensional cooperation, including scientific research projects (Jundi-Shapur), student-and professor- exchanges, and several schools and conferences.


==See also==
The city practically became a ghost town afterward with the exception of the Iraqi army occupants. During the occupation, soldiers looted goods from the Iranian ports and had them transferred to ]. According to other claims, soldiers raped several Iranian women in the city as well. Due to both the strategically high loss of men and the harsh weather following the battle, the Iraqis were unable to conduct any further offensives against Iran.
{{Commons category-inline}}


{{Portal-inline|Iran}}
The city remained in Iraqi hands until April of 1982, when the Iranians launched ] to recapture the Khuzestan province. The first attack (April 24 to May 12) consisted of 70,000 Pasdaran and succeeded in pushing the Iraqis out of the Ahvaz-Susangerd area. The Iraqis withdrew back to Khorramshahr and, on May 20th, launched a counter attack against the Iranians, which was repulsed. The Iranians then launched an all out assault on Khorramshahr, capturing two of the defense lines in the Pol-e No and Shalamcheh region. The Iranians gathered around the Shatt al-Arab waterway, surrounding the city and, thus, beginning the second siege. The Iranians finally recaptured the city on May 24th after two days of bitter fighting, capturing 19,000 soldiers from a demoralized Iraqi Army after the fighting was over. Over 2,000 of these prisoners were executed to retaliate for the rape of several Iranian women in the city at the beginning of the war.{{Fact|date=August 2007}} As a result, the Iraqis now know May 24th as “Martyr’s Day”, although the Iranians celebrate this day as the ].
{{clear}}


== Notes ==
By the end of the war, Khorramshahr had been completely devastated by ]'s forces, with very few buildings left intact. Other major urban centres such as Abadan and ] were also left in ruins, though nowhere nearly as bad as Khorramshahr. The city of Khorramshahr was one of the primary and most important frontlines of the war and has thus achieved mythic status amongst the Iranian population.
{{notelist}}


==Economy== ==References==
{{Reflist}}

The economy of Khorramshahr is still largely affected by the destruction and depopulation of the city's residents in the 1980s during the first years of the Iran-Iraq war. The main activities are, however, essentially the same as before the war, ] production and exports and imports through the city port, though on a much smaller scale as restoration is not yet totally complete, even though over seventeen years have past since the end of the war. Residents originally from Khorramshahr have also slowly been returning to the city, rebuilding their houses and businesses.

==Bibliography==
# ''Khomeini’s Forgotten Sons: Child Victims of Saddam’s Iraq'', by Ian Brown, Grey Seal Books, 1990
# ''Essential Histories: The Iran Iraq War 1980-1988'', by Efraim Karsh, Osprey Publishing, 2002
# ''Ghost Town On The Gulf'', TIME Magazine, November 24th, 1980
# ''A Holy War’s Troublesome Fallout'', by William E. Smith, TIME Magazine, June 7th, 1982


==External links== ==External links==
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{{Khuzestan Province|state=collapsed}}
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{{Khorramshahr County|state=collapsed}}

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{{coor title dm|30|26|N|48|11|E|region:IR_type:city}}


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Latest revision as of 01:46, 22 December 2024

City in Khuzestan province, Iran For the administrative division of Khuzestan province, see Khorramshahr County. For the medium-range ballistic missile, see Khorramshahr.

City in Khuzestan, Iran
Khorramshahr خرَمشَهر
City
Khorramshahr is located in IranKhorramshahrKhorramshahr
Coordinates: 30°26′22″N 48°10′54″E / 30.43944°N 48.18167°E / 30.43944; 48.18167
CountryIran
ProvinceKhuzestan
CountyKhorramshahr
DistrictCentral
Government
 • MayorKamyab Teymouri
Population
 • Total133,097
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)

Khorramshahr (Persian: خرمشهر; [xoræmˈʃæhɾ]) is a city in the Central District of Khorramshahr County, Khuzestan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. It is also known in Arabic by the local ethnically Arab population as Al-Muhammarah (Arabic: المحمرة).

Khorramshahr is an inland port city located approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of Abadan. The city extends to the right bank of the Shatt Al Arab waterway near its confluence with the Haffar arm of the Karun river. The city was destroyed in the Iran–Iraq War, with the 1986 census recording a population of zero. However, Khorramshahr was rebuilt after the war, and more recent censuses show that the population has returned to the pre-war level.

History

The area where the city exists today was originally under the waters of the Persian Gulf. It later became part of the vast marshlands and the tidal flats at the mouth of the Karun River. The small town known as Piyan, and later Bayan appeared in the area no sooner than the late Parthian time in the first century AD. Whether or not this was located at the same spot where Khurramshahr is today, is highly debatable.

During the Islamic centuries, the Daylamite Buwayhid king, Panah Khusraw Adud ad-Dawlah ordered the digging of a canal to join the Karun River (which at the time emptied independently into the Persian Gulf through the Bahmanshir channel) to the Shatt al-Arab (the joint estuary of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, known in Iran as Arvand Rud). The extra water made the joint estuary more reliably navigable. The channel thus created was known as the Haffar, Arabic for "excavated," "dugout," which exactly described what the channel was. The Haffar soon became the main channel of the Karun, as it is in the present day.

It was the capital of the Sheikdom of Muhammara, and until 1847, at which time it became Persian territory (according to Article II of the Treaty of Erzurum), Khorramshahr was alternately claimed and occupied by Persia and Turkey. Its ruler at the time was an Arab sheikh.

Iran–Iraq War

Main articles: Battle of Khorramshahr (1980) and Battle of Khorramshahr (1982)

Because of the war, the population of Khorramshahr dropped from 146,706 in the 1976 census to 0 in the 1986 census. The population reached 34,750 in the 1991 census and by the 2006 census it reached 123,866, and according to World Gazetteer its population as of 2012 is 138,398, making the population close to what it was before the war.

Demographics

Mandaean community

Mandaeans in Khorramshahr in 2015

Khorramshahr is home to a Mandaean community. It is one of the last remaining locations in the world where Neo-Mandaic is still spoken. There are only a few hundred speakers of the Khorramshahr dialect of Neo-Mandaic.

Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 123,866 in 26,385 households. The following census in 2011 counted 129,418 people in 33,623 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 133,097 people in 37,124 households.

Notable people

See also

Media related to Khorramshahr at Wikimedia Commons

flag Iran portal

Notes

  1. Also known as Khurramshahr; (Arabic: المحمرة), romanized as Al-Muhammerah

References

  1. OpenStreetMap contributors (21 December 2024). "Khorramshahr, Khorramshahr County" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 21 December 2024.
  2. ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Khuzestan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  3. Khorramshahr can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3071225" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
  4. Khorramshahr entry in Encyclopædia Britannica http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/316878/Khorramshahr
  5. Habibi, Hassan (26 July 2014) . Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Khuzestan province, centered in the city of Ahvaz. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Political and Defense Commission of the Government Board. Proposal 3233.1.5.53; Letter 907-93808; Notification 82830/T126K. Archived from the original on 17 July 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2024 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center.
  6. "مدينة المحمرة" [Al-Muhammarrah City]. al-ahwaz.com. Archived from the original on 6 December 2024. Retrieved 6 December 2024. تقع عند مصب نهر كارون في شط العرب ، شيدها يوسف بن مرداو ثاني امراء امارة المحمرة وذلك سنة 1229 هجـ - 1812 م وهو من شيوخ قبيلة البوكاسب الكعبية العربية ، ابدل الاحتلال الفارسي اسمها العربي بأسم فارسي فسميت ( خرمشهر ) . وتبعـد عن مد ينة الأحواز ( 120 كم ) ، وهى ميناء تجاري مهم . [It is located at the mouth of the Karun River on the Shatt al-Arab. It was built in 1229 AH / 1812 CE by Yusuf bin Mirdaw, the second ruler of the Emirate of Mohammerah, who was one of the sheikhs of the Arab Bukasib tribe of the Ka'b. The Persian occupation changed its Arabic name to a Persian one, calling it "Khorramshahr." It is 120 kilometers away from the city of Ahwaz and serves as an important commercial port.]
  7.  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Muhamrah". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 956.
  8. "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)" (Excel). Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original on 20 September 2011.
  9. Häberl, Charles (2009). The neo-Mandaic dialect of Khorramshahr. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 978-3-447-05874-2. OCLC 377787551.
  10. Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Khuzestan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  11. Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Khuzestan Province. irandataportal.syr.edu (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022 – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.
  12. "Majid Bishkar: The 'Prince of Persia' who cast a spell with his magic". East Bengal Football Club official website. May 2021. Archived from the original on 9 May 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2021.
  13. "رابطه عاشقانه دختر رضا هلالی با پدرش / هلالی: دخترم دانشجوی پزشکی است + فیلم". snn.ir (in Persian). Retrieved 16 September 2024.
  14. "Mohsen Rastani". Qoqnoos. Archived from the original on 22 June 2013.

External links

Khuzestan province, Iran
Capital
Counties
and cities
Abadan County
Aghajari County
Ahvaz County
Andika County
Andimeshk County
Bagh-e Malek County
Bavi County
Behbahan County
Dasht-e Azadegan County
Dezful County
Gotvand County
Haftkel County
Hendijan County
Hoveyzeh County
Izeh County
Karun County
Khorramshahr County
Lali County
Mahshahr County
Masjed Soleyman County
Omidiyeh County
Ramhormoz County
Ramshir County
Shadegan County
Shush County
Shushtar County
Sights
Populated places
Iran Khorramshahr County
Capital
Districts
Central
Cities
Rural Districts
and villages
Gharb-e Karun
Howmeh-ye Gharbi
(West Howmeh)
Howmeh-ye Sharqi
(East Howmeh)
Minu
Cities
Rural Districts
and villages
Jazireh-ye Minu
(Minu Island)
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