Revision as of 01:08, 7 February 2008 edit71.145.158.138 (talk) →Parts← Previous edit | Latest revision as of 19:58, 10 December 2024 edit undoFrost (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Page movers, New page reviewers, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers55,235 editsm Reverted edits by 66.24.232.193 (talk): not providing a reliable source (WP:CITE, WP:RS) (HG) (3.4.13)Tags: Huggle Rollback | ||
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{{short description|Wheeled wooden board used for skateboarding}} | |||
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A '''skateboard''' is a four wheeled platform used for the activity of ]. It is propelled by pushing with one foot while the other remains on the board, or by pumping in structures such as a half-pipe or bowl. A skateboard can also be used by simply standing on the deck while on a downward slope and allowing gravity to propel the board and rider. That being said, the skateboard is not easily defined. Unlike most other sports, there is no governing body which declares any regulations on what constitutes a skateboard or the parts from which it is assembled. For example, ] are a type of skateboard with a longer wheelbase, and are typically composed of larger and softer wheels. Thus, the definition of a skateboard can vary in both appearance and performance as well as size. | |||
A '''skateboard''' is a type of ] used for ]. It is usually made of a specially designed 7–8-ply ] ] deck and has ] wheels attached to the underside by a pair of skateboarding trucks. | |||
The skateboard moves by pushing with one foot while the other foot remains balanced on the board, or by ] one's legs in structures such as a bowl or ]. A skateboard can also be used by standing on the deck while on a downward slope and allowing gravity to propel the board and the rider. If the rider's leading foot is their left foot, they are said to ride "regular". Conversely, they are said to ride "goofy" if their leading foot is their right foot.<ref> ''stedskater.com''.</ref> | |||
The two main types of skateboards are the longboard and shortboard. The shape of the board is also important: the skateboard must be concaved to perform tricks.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.livestrong.com/article/339215-skateboards-fit-types/ |title=Skateboards: Fit & Types |publisher=LiveStrong |access-date=June 23, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014011932/http://www.livestrong.com/article/339215-skateboards-fit-types/ |archive-date=October 14, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
{{Main|Skateboarding}} | |||
There is no definitive origin or inventor of the skateboard. One proposed origin is that skateboards arose in the 1940s and 1950s, when children would participate in ] races, using soap-boxes attached to wooden planks on ] wheels. When the soap-box became detached from the plank, children would ride these primitive "skateboards". Another suggests that the skateboard was created directly from the adaptation of a single roller skate taken apart and nailed to a 2x4, without the soapbox at all and that it was often surfers looking to recreate the feel of surfing on the land when the surf was flat. | |||
Skateboarding, as it exists today, was probably born sometime in the late 1940s, or early 1950s,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/brief-history-of-skateboarding-3002042 |title=Skateboarding: From Wooden Box Boards to Commercial Mainstream |access-date=May 6, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414144506/https://www.thoughtco.com/brief-history-of-skateboarding-3002042 |archive-date=April 14, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-02-11 |title=THE PREHISTORIC SKATEBOARD? |url=https://www.jenkemmag.com/home/2015/02/11/the-prehistoric-skateboard/ |access-date=2022-10-10 |website=Jenkem Magazine |language=en}}</ref> when ] in ] wanted something to do when the waves were flat. The first skateboards were made from ] attached to a board.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://teacher.scholastic.com/scholasticnews/indepth/Skateboarding/articles/index.asp?article=history&topic=0 |title=Scholastic News: Skateboarding|website=teacher.scholastic.com |access-date=March 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403111056/http://teacher.scholastic.com/scholasticnews/indepth/Skateboarding/articles/index.asp?article=history&topic=0 |archive-date=April 3, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Skateboarding gained in popularity because of surfing: in fact, skateboarding was initially referred to as "sidewalk surfing".<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Skateboarding: History, Culture, Tricks, & Facts|url=https://www.britannica.com/sports/skateboarding |access-date=2022-11-29|encyclopedia=]|language=en}}</ref> The first skateboards were handmade from wooden boxes and planks by individuals. Companies started manufacturing skateboards in 1959, as the sport became more popular.<ref name="Chivers 2010">{{Cite book| title= Skate Life: Re-Imagining White Masculinity | first= Emily | last= Chivers Yochim |chapter="The mix of sunshine and rebellion is really intoxicating": American Mythologies, Rebellious Boys, and the Multiple Appeals of Skateboarding's Corresponding Culture, 1950–2006|pages=27–77 |publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=9780472900459|doi=10.2307/j.ctv65sw5s.5|year=2010 |jstor= j.ctv65sw5s.5 }} {{open access}}</ref> | |||
Skateboarding is a very individual activity, and it continues to evolve. Since 1987, due to attention in mainstream films, media and products like skateboarding video games, children's skateboards and commercialization, skateboarding has been pulled into the mainstream. As more interest and money has been invested into skateboarding, more ], and better skateboards have become available. In addition, the continuing interest has motivated skateboarding companies to keep innovating and inventing new things. Skateboarding appeared for the first time in the ].<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.highsnobiety.com/2016/08/03/skateboarding-olympics-2020-tokyo-games/| title=Skateboarding Will be in the 2021 Olympics| date=August 3, 2016| access-date=May 6, 2018}}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | |||
The skateboard has evolved since the first mass produced models in the 1960s. Boards in the past were often made in the shape of a surfboard, with no concavity and constructed of solid wood,plastic, even metal. The wheels were usually made of a clay composite, or steel and the trucks (axles) were less sturdy and initially of a 'single-action' design compared to today's 'double-action'. | |||
==Parts== | ==Parts== | ||
===Deck=== | |||
A board and four wheels. | |||
] boards are usually over {{convert|36|in|cm}} long. Plastic ] boards are typically about {{convert|22|in|cm}} long.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sites.google.com/a/umn.edu/historpedia/home/arts-new-ideas/from-skateboard-and-longboard-to-penny-board-fall-2102 |title=From Skateboard and Longboard to Penny Board |date=February 2, 2010 |publisher=Historipedia |access-date=December 9, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423012101/https://sites.google.com/a/umn.edu/historpedia/home/arts-new-ideas/from-skateboard-and-longboard-to-penny-board-fall-2102 |archive-date=April 23, 2016 |url-status=live }})</ref> Some larger penny boards over {{convert|27|in|cm}} long are called "nickel" boards.<ref>{{cite web |title=Top 10 Best Skateboard Brands |url=https://skateboardrater.com/best-skateboard-brands/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151213020301/http://rideasf.com/lifestyle/penny-nickel-skateboard-review/ |archive-date=December 13, 2015 |access-date=December 15, 2015 |publisher=Ride as F*ck}}</ref> | |||
The longboard, a common variant of the skateboard, is used for higher speed and rough surface boarding, and they are much more expensive. "Old school" boards (those made in the 1970s–80s or modern boards that mimic their shape) are generally wider and often have only one kicktail. Variants of the 1970s often have little or no concavity.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://skatesradar.com/skateboard/ |title= Skateboards |access-date= August 30, 2017|date= June 15, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170830010205/http://skatesradar.com/skateboard/ |archive-date= August 30, 2017 |url-status= live}}</ref> | |||
===Decks=== | |||
=== Wheels === | |||
Most decks are constructed with a seven ]<ref>http://www.twsbiz.com/twbiz/features/article/0,21214,1051801,00.html</ref>, cross-laminated layup of Canadian ]. Sometimes other, more exotic materials, such as fiberglass, bamboo, resin, Kevlar, carbon fiber, aluminum, or plastic are incorporated into deck construction, usually to lighten the board or increase its strength or rigidity. Modern decks are usually 7 to 8½ inches wide although they can vary. The width of a deck depends on the personal preference of the person who uses it. Most people use 7.5-8 inch wide decks for street skating. Generally, riders use a wider deck for vert, to provide more stability. Skateboard decks are usually between 28 and 33 inches long. | |||
The wheels allow for movement on the skateboard and helps determine the speed while riding.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How to Choose the Right Skateboard Wheels |url=https://www.warehouseskateboards.com/help/Skateboard-Wheels-Buying-Guide |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=Warehouse Skateboards |language=en}}</ref> There are typically four wheels on a skateboard that are attached to the trucks. Ranging in size from around 48mm to around 60mm, smaller wheels are lighter in weight and are used for shorter distances and tricks.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Skateboard Wheels (Purchased and Tested!) |url=https://skateboardrater.com/best-skateboard-wheels/|access-date=2023-04-11 |website=Skateboardrater |date=April 11, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> The wheels are typically made of ] (PU) and come in different grades of PU. Higher-grade PU is more durable and provides a smoother ride, while lower-grade PU is more affordable but wears out faster.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2023 |title=Best Skateboard Wheels |url=https://skateboardrater.com/best-skateboard-wheels/ |website=Skateboardrater}}</ref> Larger wheels are heavier in weight, which are better for maintaining speed and longer distances. Wheels that are larger than 60mm are typically used for longboards.<ref>{{Cite web |last=jess |date=2013-05-30 |title=Understanding Skateboard Wheels |url=https://www.the-house.com/learn/understanding-skateboard-wheels/ |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=The House |language=en-US}}</ref> | |||
The ], a common variant of the skateboard, has a longer deck. | |||
"Old school" boards (those made in the 1970s-80s or modern boards that mimic their shape) are generally wider and often have only one kicktail. 1970s variants often have little or no concavity, whereas 1980s models have deeper concavities and steeper kicktails. | |||
===Grip Tape=== | |||
Grip Tape is used to give a skater's feet more grip on the board. It usually has an adhesive back and a sandpaper like top. | |||
===Trucks=== | ===Trucks=== | ||
The metal parts known as skateboard trucks are what hold a skateboard's wheels to the deck. They are made up of a hanger that holds the axle and ]s and a baseplate that is mounted to the board. The hanger and baseplate are joined by a kingpin, allowing the truck to swivel and turn.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bibek |first=Casey |date=11 April 2023 |title=Buying Your First Skateboard |url=https://skateboardrater.com/buying-your-first-skateboard-guide/ |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412144527/https://skateboardrater.com/buying-your-first-skateboard-guide/ |archive-date=April 12, 2023 |access-date=11 April 2023 |website=Skateboardrater }}</ref> | |||
Attached to the deck are two metal (usually aluminum alloy) trucks, which connect to the wheels and deck. The trucks are further composed of two parts. The top part of the truck is screwed to the deck and is called the baseplate, and beneath it is the hanger. The axle runs through the hanger. Between the baseplate and the hanger are '']s'', also ''rubbers'' or '']s'', that provide the cushion mechanism for turning the skateboard. The ''bushings'' cushion the truck when it turns. The stiffer the bushings, the more resistant the skateboard is to turning. The softer the bushings, the easier it is to turn. A bolt called a '']'' holds these parts together and fits inside the bushings. Thus by tightening or loosening the kingpin nut, the trucks can be adjusted loosely for better turning and tighter for more control. | |||
Trucks for skateboards come in a variety of forms and sizes and can be modified to the rider's preferences. The truck's height can have an impact on the board's stability and turning ability. The truck's width should equal the width of the deck. | |||
===Wheels=== | |||
*The wheels, usually made of ], come in many different sizes and shapes to suit different types of skating. Larger sizes like 65-90 mm roll faster, and also move more easily over cracks in pavement. Smaller sizes like 48-54 mm keep the board closer to the ground, require less force to accelerate and produce a lower center of gravity, but also make for a slower top speed. | |||
To manage the looseness or tightness of the trucks, the kingpin's tightness can also be changed. This is a matter of taste and has an impact on the board's stability and ability to turn.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://skateboardidea.com/difference-between-longboard-trucks-and-skateboard-trucks/ |title=Difference between longboard trucks and skateboard trucks [Shocking] |access-date=October 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201226051743/https://skateboardidea.com/difference-between-longboard-trucks-and-skateboard-trucks/ |archive-date=December 26, 2020 }}</ref> | |||
*Wheels also are available in a variety of hardnesses usually measured on the ] 'A' scale. Wheels range from the very soft (about 75a) to the very hard (about 99a). As the scale stops at 100a, any wheels labelled 101a or higher are harder, but do not use the appropriate durometer scale. Some wheel manufacturers now use the 'B' or 'D' scale, which has a larger and more accurate range of hardnesses. | |||
] brand skateboard truck]] | |||
*Modern street skaters prefer smaller wheels (usually 48-55mm), as small wheels make tricks like kickflips and ollies easier. Street wheels also need to be quite hard, as small soft wheels absorb too much energy. | |||
*Vert skating requires larger wheels (usually 55-65mm) as vert skating involves high speeds that smaller wheels are unable to sustain. Vert wheels are usually very hard, so they can roll faster. As they are only used on ramps and parks that are smooth they are usually on the harder end of the durometer scale. | |||
*Slalom skating requires even larger wheels (60-75mm) to sustain the highest speeds possible. They also need to be soft and have better grip to make the tight and frequent turns in slalom racing. | |||
*Even larger wheels are used in longboarding and downhill skateboarding. Sizes range from 65mm right up to 100mm. These extreme sizes of wheels almost always have cores of hard plastic that can be made thinner and lighter than a solid polyurethane wheel. They are often used by Skateboard filmers or videographers, as the large soft wheels allow for smooth and easy movement over any terrain. | |||
===Bearings=== | ===Bearings=== | ||
Each skateboard wheel is mounted on its axle via two |
Each skateboard wheel is mounted on its axle via two ]s. With few exceptions, the bearings are the industrial standard "608" size, with a bore of {{convert|8 or 10|mm|in|3|abbr=in}} depending on the axle, an outer diameter of {{convert|22|mm|in|3|abbr=in}}, and a width of {{convert|7|mm|in|3|abbr=in}}. These are usually made of steel, though ], a high-tech ceramic, is sometimes used. Many skateboard bearings are graded according to the ]. The starts with ABEC 1 with the least precise manufacturing tolerance, followed by 3, 5, 7, and ABEC 9 with the strictest tolerance. Bearing performance is determined by how well maintained the bearings are. Maintenance on bearings includes periodically cleaning and lubricating them.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bonesbearings.com/support/maintenance/ |title=Lubrication |access-date=June 4, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529023018/http://bonesbearings.com/support/maintenance |archive-date=May 29, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{better source|date=August 2023}} | ||
].{{brk}}While an {{nowrap|8-balled}} bearing is shown here, skateboard bearings are typically {{nowrap|7-balled}}.]] | |||
===Hardware=== | |||
Mounting hardware is a set of eight 10-32 bolts, usually an ] or cross head, and matching self-lock nylock nuts. They are used to attach the trucks to the board. | |||
==Optional components== | ==Optional components== | ||
=== |
===Risers/wedges=== | ||
Wedges can be used to change the ] characteristics of a truck.<ref>A guide describing skateboard turning characteristics of different Riser/Wedge types {{cite web |title=7 Best Skateboard Wheels for Cruising 2021 [Ultimate Guide] |url=https://skateboardidea.com/best-skateboard-wheels-for-cruising/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201053953/https://skateboardidea.com/best-skateboard-wheels-for-cruising/ |archive-date=February 1, 2021 |access-date=December 7, 2020}}</ref> | |||
Narrow strips of plastic that are fastened under the deck lengthwise along the edges. They are used for additional grip for grabs, and to enhance sliding while protecting the deck's graphics at the same time. These are seldom used in modern skateboarding. | |||
===Lappers=== | |||
A lapper is a plastic cover that is fastened to the rear truck and serves to protect the kingpin when grinding. It also prevents hang-ups by providing a smoother transition for the truck when it hits an obstacle or a metal pipe or bar used to grind.These are non existent in modern skateboarding. | |||
===Nose guard=== | |||
A plastic bumper used to protect the tip of a skateboard. These are rare in modern skateboarding. | |||
=== |
===Skateboard multi-tool=== | ||
While not part of a skateboard, an all-in-one skateboard tool capable of mounting and removing trucks & wheels and adjusting truck kingpins are commonly sold by ]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Skate Board Rater |url=https://skateboardrater.com |access-date=10 April 2023 |publisher=}}</ref> | |||
A tail guard is a plastic skid plate used to prevent wearing of the tail; they can also be used as a means to stop the board. The tail guard is not commonly used in skateboards today. | |||
=== |
===Deck rails=== | ||
Deck rails are thin, plastic strips usually screwed into the bottom section of a skateboard to decrease friction while performing slide tricks and protecting the board’s graphic from damage.<ref>{{cite web|title=Guide To Skate Accessories: SKATEBOARD DECK RAILS|url=https://www.tactics.com/info/guide-to-skate-accessories |website=Tactics|language=en-US|url-status=live|access-date=June 25, 2022|archivedate=January 18, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118035035/https://www.tactics.com/info/guide-to-skate-accessories}}</ref> | |||
Riser or riser pads are made of plastic or rubber and go between the truck and the board to provide additional clearance for the wheels to prevent wheel-bite (when the truck turns to a degree where the wheel will contact with the deck and stop spinning). They usually range in height from ⅛″ to ½″. Shock pads are a variation of risers that are usually made of rubber or neoprene. They absorb impact and reduce vibration, which in turn helps prevent hardware from loosening and they can also prevent pressure cracks from forming. | |||
==See also== |
==See also== | ||
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==References== | |||
{{Skateboarding}} | |||
{{Wiktionary|skateboard}} | |||
{{Commons category|Skateboards|skateboards}} | |||
{{Reflist}} | |||
{{Skateboarding}}{{Human-powered vehicles}} | |||
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Latest revision as of 19:58, 10 December 2024
Wheeled wooden board used for skateboarding For other uses, see Skateboard (disambiguation).This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Skateboard" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
A skateboard is a type of sports equipment used for skateboarding. It is usually made of a specially designed 7–8-ply maple plywood deck and has polyurethane wheels attached to the underside by a pair of skateboarding trucks.
The skateboard moves by pushing with one foot while the other foot remains balanced on the board, or by pumping one's legs in structures such as a bowl or half pipe. A skateboard can also be used by standing on the deck while on a downward slope and allowing gravity to propel the board and the rider. If the rider's leading foot is their left foot, they are said to ride "regular". Conversely, they are said to ride "goofy" if their leading foot is their right foot.
The two main types of skateboards are the longboard and shortboard. The shape of the board is also important: the skateboard must be concaved to perform tricks.
History
Main article: SkateboardingSkateboarding, as it exists today, was probably born sometime in the late 1940s, or early 1950s, when surfers in California wanted something to do when the waves were flat. The first skateboards were made from roller skates attached to a board. Skateboarding gained in popularity because of surfing: in fact, skateboarding was initially referred to as "sidewalk surfing". The first skateboards were handmade from wooden boxes and planks by individuals. Companies started manufacturing skateboards in 1959, as the sport became more popular.
Skateboarding is a very individual activity, and it continues to evolve. Since 1987, due to attention in mainstream films, media and products like skateboarding video games, children's skateboards and commercialization, skateboarding has been pulled into the mainstream. As more interest and money has been invested into skateboarding, more skate parks, and better skateboards have become available. In addition, the continuing interest has motivated skateboarding companies to keep innovating and inventing new things. Skateboarding appeared for the first time in the 2020 Summer Olympics.
Parts
Deck
"Long" boards are usually over 36 inches (91 cm) long. Plastic "penny" boards are typically about 22 inches (56 cm) long. Some larger penny boards over 27 inches (69 cm) long are called "nickel" boards.
The longboard, a common variant of the skateboard, is used for higher speed and rough surface boarding, and they are much more expensive. "Old school" boards (those made in the 1970s–80s or modern boards that mimic their shape) are generally wider and often have only one kicktail. Variants of the 1970s often have little or no concavity.
Wheels
The wheels allow for movement on the skateboard and helps determine the speed while riding. There are typically four wheels on a skateboard that are attached to the trucks. Ranging in size from around 48mm to around 60mm, smaller wheels are lighter in weight and are used for shorter distances and tricks. The wheels are typically made of polyurethane (PU) and come in different grades of PU. Higher-grade PU is more durable and provides a smoother ride, while lower-grade PU is more affordable but wears out faster. Larger wheels are heavier in weight, which are better for maintaining speed and longer distances. Wheels that are larger than 60mm are typically used for longboards.
Trucks
The metal parts known as skateboard trucks are what hold a skateboard's wheels to the deck. They are made up of a hanger that holds the axle and wheels and a baseplate that is mounted to the board. The hanger and baseplate are joined by a kingpin, allowing the truck to swivel and turn.
Trucks for skateboards come in a variety of forms and sizes and can be modified to the rider's preferences. The truck's height can have an impact on the board's stability and turning ability. The truck's width should equal the width of the deck.
To manage the looseness or tightness of the trucks, the kingpin's tightness can also be changed. This is a matter of taste and has an impact on the board's stability and ability to turn.
Bearings
Each skateboard wheel is mounted on its axle via two ball bearings. With few exceptions, the bearings are the industrial standard "608" size, with a bore of 8 or 10 mm (0.315 or 0.394 inches) depending on the axle, an outer diameter of 22 mm (0.866 inches), and a width of 7 mm (0.276 inches). These are usually made of steel, though silicon nitride, a high-tech ceramic, is sometimes used. Many skateboard bearings are graded according to the ABEC scale. The starts with ABEC 1 with the least precise manufacturing tolerance, followed by 3, 5, 7, and ABEC 9 with the strictest tolerance. Bearing performance is determined by how well maintained the bearings are. Maintenance on bearings includes periodically cleaning and lubricating them.
Optional components
Risers/wedges
Wedges can be used to change the turning characteristics of a truck.
Skateboard multi-tool
While not part of a skateboard, an all-in-one skateboard tool capable of mounting and removing trucks & wheels and adjusting truck kingpins are commonly sold by skate shops.
Deck rails
Deck rails are thin, plastic strips usually screwed into the bottom section of a skateboard to decrease friction while performing slide tricks and protecting the board’s graphic from damage.
See also
- Caster board
- Electric skateboard
- Hoverboard
- Self-balancing scooter
- Slalomboard
- Snowboard
- Surfboard
- Wakeboard
References
- "StedSkater". stedskater.com.
- "Skateboards: Fit & Types". LiveStrong. Archived from the original on October 14, 2012. Retrieved June 23, 2012.
- "Skateboarding: From Wooden Box Boards to Commercial Mainstream". Archived from the original on April 14, 2018. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
- "THE PREHISTORIC SKATEBOARD?". Jenkem Magazine. February 11, 2015. Retrieved October 10, 2022.
- "Scholastic News: Skateboarding". teacher.scholastic.com. Archived from the original on April 3, 2018. Retrieved March 26, 2018.
- "Skateboarding: History, Culture, Tricks, & Facts". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
- Chivers Yochim, Emily (2010). ""The mix of sunshine and rebellion is really intoxicating": American Mythologies, Rebellious Boys, and the Multiple Appeals of Skateboarding's Corresponding Culture, 1950–2006". Skate Life: Re-Imagining White Masculinity. University of Michigan Press. pp. 27–77. doi:10.2307/j.ctv65sw5s.5. ISBN 9780472900459. JSTOR j.ctv65sw5s.5.
- "Skateboarding Will be in the 2021 Olympics". August 3, 2016. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
- "From Skateboard and Longboard to Penny Board". Historipedia. February 2, 2010. Archived from the original on April 23, 2016. Retrieved December 9, 2015.)
- "Top 10 Best Skateboard Brands". Ride as F*ck. Archived from the original on December 13, 2015. Retrieved December 15, 2015.
- "Skateboards". June 15, 2017. Archived from the original on August 30, 2017. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
- "How to Choose the Right Skateboard Wheels". Warehouse Skateboards. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
- "Best Skateboard Wheels (Purchased and Tested!)". Skateboardrater. April 11, 2023. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
- "Best Skateboard Wheels". Skateboardrater. April 11, 2023.
- jess (May 30, 2013). "Understanding Skateboard Wheels". The House. Retrieved December 1, 2022.
- Bibek, Casey (April 11, 2023). "Buying Your First Skateboard". Skateboardrater. Archived from the original on April 12, 2023. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - "Difference between longboard trucks and skateboard trucks [Shocking]". Archived from the original on December 26, 2020. Retrieved October 21, 2020.
- "Lubrication". Archived from the original on May 29, 2012. Retrieved June 4, 2012.
- A guide describing skateboard turning characteristics of different Riser/Wedge types "7 Best Skateboard Wheels for Cruising 2021 [Ultimate Guide]". Archived from the original on February 1, 2021. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
- "Skate Board Rater". Retrieved April 10, 2023.
- "Guide To Skate Accessories: SKATEBOARD DECK RAILS". Tactics. Archived from the original on January 18, 2021. Retrieved June 25, 2022.
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Non-vehicular transport |
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Related topics |