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			{{Short description\|Latin Catholic ecclesiastical jurisdiction in Iowa, USA}}
	]
			{{More citations needed\|date=October 2024}}
			{{Infobox diocese
			\| jurisdiction = Metropolitan Archdiocese<!-- Type of jurisdiction: i.e. Diocese or Archdiocese -->
			\| name = Dubuque
			\| latin = Archidiœcesis Metropolitae Dubuquensis
			\| local = <!-- Name in the native language -->
			\| image = St Raphael Dubuque 4855a.jpg
			\| image_size = 250px
			\| image_alt =
			\| caption = St. Raphael's Cathedral
			\| coat = Coat of arms of the Archdiocese of Dubuque.svg
			\| coat_size = 175px
			\| coat_alt =
			<!---- Locations ---->
			\| country = United States
			\| territory = 30 counties in Northeastern Iowa
			\| province = ]
			\| deaneries =
			\| headquarters =
			\| coordinates = {{coord\|42\|29\|06\|N\|90\|40\|31\|W\|type:landmark_region:US-IA_source:kolossus-plwiki\|display=inline,title}}
			<!---- Statistics ---->
			\| area_sqmi = 17,400<!-- Area in square miles, automatically converted -->
			\| area_footnotes =
			\| population = 1,010,471
			\| population_as_of = 2018<ref name="GC">{{cite web\|url=http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/dubu0.htm\|title=Metropolitan Archdiocese of Dubuque\|work=GCatholic\|access-date=12 July 2021}}</ref>
			\| catholics = 193,360<!-- Number of Catholics in the diocese -->
			\| catholics_percent = 19.1
			\| parishes = 166<!-- Number of parishes in the diocese -->
			\| churches = <!-- Number of churches in the diocese -->
			\| congregations = <!-- Number of congregations in the diocese -->
			\| schools = <!-- Number of church supported schools in the diocese -->
			\| members = <!-- Number of members in the diocese -->
			<!---- Information ---->
			\| denomination = ]
			\| sui_iuris_church = ]
			\| rite = ]
			\| established = July 28, 1837 ({{age\|1837\|7\|28}} years ago)
			\| cathedral = ]
			\| cocathedral =
			\| patron = ]<br>]<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://dbqarch.org/november-day-by-day\|title=November Day by Day}}</ref>
			\| priests = <!-- Number of priests in the diocese -->
			<!---- Current leadership ---->
			\| pope = {{Incumbent pope}}
			\|metro_archbishop = ]
			\| bishop = ]
			\| bishop_title = Archbishop
			\| coadjutor =
			\| suffragans =
			\| auxiliary_bishops =
			\| apostolic_admin =
			\| vicar_general =
			\| episcopal_vicar =
			\| judicial_vicar =
			\| emeritus_bishops = ], ]<br>]
			<!---- Map ---->
			\| map = Archdiocese of Dubuque.jpg
			\| map_size =
			\| map_alt =
			\| map_caption =
			<!---- Website ---->
			\| website = {{Official website\|https://dbqarch.org/\|dbqarch.org}}
			\| footnotes =
			}}

	The '''~~Roman Catholic~~ Archdiocese of Dubuque''' is an ecclesiastical territory or ~~diocese~~ of the ] in the northeastern quarter of the state of ] in the ]. It includes all the Iowa counties north of ], ], ], ], ], ], and ] counties. It also includes the counties east of ], ], ] and ] counties. The Archdiocese has an area of about 17,400 square miles (45,000 km²).		The '''Metropolitan Archdiocese of Dubuque''' ({{langx\|la\|Archidiœcesis Metropolitae Dubuquensis}}) is a ] ecclesiastical territory, or ], of the ] in the northeastern quarter of the state of ] in the United States.

			The Diocese of Dubuque was erected in 1837 and elevated to an archdiocese in 1893. It is a ] with three ]s:
	==Background==
	The headquarters of the Archdiocese of Dubuque is in the city of ]. Saint ]'s in Dubuque is the Cathedral parish for the Archdiocese. The current ] of Dubuque is Jerome Hanus.

			* ]
	The corporate title for the Archdiocese is '''The Archdiocese of Dubuque'''. The ] name of the Archdiocese is '''Archidioecesis Dubuquensis'''.
			* ]
			* ]

			==Territory and personnel==
	The Archdiocese of Dubuque is unique in several ways. It is the only US Archdiocese outside a major metropolitan area. Also, the ] is located in the Archdiocese. Located in Dyersville, Iowa - about 25 miles west of Dubuque - it is the only ] located in a small town.
			The seat of the archdiocese is ] in Dubuque, named in honor of the Archangel ]. As of 2024, the archbishop is ].<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Noguchi \|first=Chieko \|date=2023-07-26 \|title=Pope Francis Appoints Bishop Thomas Zinkula as Archbishop of Dubuque \|url=https://www.usccb.org/news/2023/pope-francis-appoints-bishop-thomas-zinkula-archbishop-dubuque \|access-date=2023-12-23 \|website=United States Conference of Catholic Bishops \|language=en}}</ref>

			The archdiocese is one of a few American ] that is not based in a major metropolitan area. It includes all the Iowa counties north of ], ], ], ], ], ], and ] counties, and east of ], ], ] and ] counties. It has an area of approximately {{convert\|17,400\|sqmi\|km2}}.<ref name=":2" />
	There are 199 parishes in the Archdiocese. There are three Catholic colleges in the Archdiocese - ] and ] Colleges in Dubuque, and Mount Mercy in Cedar Rapids. There are a number of religious orders with a presence in the Archdiocese. Notable orders include the ] (male) southwest of Dubuque, and the Mississippi Abbey (female) south of Dubuque.

			As of 2023, the archdiocese had 173 priests and 143 permanent deacons serving 163 parishes divided into eight ]. The archdiocese had a Catholic population of approximately 183,700.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web \|title=Statistics \|url=https://dbqarch.org/statistics \|access-date=October 13, 2024 \|website=Archdiocese of Dubuque}}</ref>

	==History==		==History==
			===1673 to 1837===
			The first Catholic presence in present-day Iowa was that of the French ] missionary, Reverend ]. He traveled down the ] with the French explorer ] in 1673, stopping briefly at what is now ] in southern Iowa.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Iowa \|url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08093b.htm \|access-date=2024-10-13 \|website=www.newadvent.org}}</ref> The region would be under French and Spanish control for the next 131 years.

			After the ] of 1803, the Iowa region passed from French to American control. The few Catholics in the area were originally under the jurisdiction of the ]. In 1826, the Vatican transferred the Iowa region to the new ]. It would remain under this jurisdiction for the next 11 years.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Saint Louis (Archdiocese) \|url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dstlo.html \|access-date=2024-10-13 \|website=www.catholic-hierarchy.org}}</ref>
	===Prior to the Founding of the Diocese===
	During the years prior to the founding of the Dubuque Diocese, the area was under the jurisdiction of a number of Bishops. Many of these were purely academic as no Catholic presence yet existed in the area. Most notable among these was the St. Louis Diocese under ] Rosati. During the early 1830's it was under his jurisdiction that the early missionaries arrived in what would become the state of Iowa.

			The earliest Catholic settlers in the Iowa region were French-Canadian, German, and Irish. With the growth of the Catholic population, Bishop ] of St. Louis sent the Belgian Jesuit Reverend ] to the newly-founded Dubuque in 1833, where he organized the first parish.<ref name="cathedral">{{cite web\|url=https://cathedralstpats.org/about-us/st-raphael-cathedral-history/\|title=St. Raphael Cathedral History\|publisher=St. Raphael's Cathedral\|access-date=2015-05-19}}</ref> He was followed in 1834 by Reverend Charles Fitzmaurice, who began amassing funds to construct a church. When Fitzmaurice died of ] in early 1835, Rosatis sent the ] Reverend ] to replace him.<ref name="Stuart" />
	In the ] the church studied how to address the expansion of the ] into the western frontiers. Those conducting the study recommended to the Pope that three new dioceses be created, one of which was the Dubuque Diocese.

			Mazzuchelli ministered to a scattered Catholic population of under 3,000.<ref name="Stuart">{{Cite web \|title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Dubuque \|url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05179b.htm \|access-date=2024-10-13 \|website=www.newadvent.org}}</ref> In 1835, he dedicated the first church in the present day archdiocese, which he named St. Raphael.<ref name="cathedral" />
	Father Charles Fitzmaurice established the Saint Raphael's parish at Dubuque in 1833. This was the first church of any ] denomination in what was to become the state of Iowa.

			=== 1837 to 1850 ===
	] was one of the most famous missionaries to work in the Dubuque area. He established a number of parishes in Iowa, Illinois, and Wisconsin. He founded parishes named after each of the Archangels - Saint Raphael's in Dubuque, Saint Michael's at Galena, Illinois, and Saint Gabriel's at Prairie du Chein, Wisconsin. Father Mazzuchelli was declared Vernable in 1993 by Pope John Paul II, and his case for Sainthood is pending.
			]
			] erected the Diocese of Dubuque on July 28, 1837, and named Monsignor ] from the ] as its first bishop.<ref name="Stuart" /> This vast diocese covered the entire ] along with what became the ] (including the ]).<ref name=":3">{{Cite web \|title=Dubuque (Archdiocese) \|url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/ddubu.html \|access-date=2024-10-13 \|website=www.catholic-hierarchy.org}}</ref>

			Gathering funds and personnel in ], Loras arrived in Dubuque in 1839. He designated St. Raphael as the cathedral parish later that year. That same year, he establish St. Raphael Seminary in Dubuque, which in later years would become Loras College.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Loras College {{!}} private, liberal arts, Catholic {{!}} Britannica \|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Loras-College \|access-date=2024-10-14 \|website=www.britannica.com \|language=en}}</ref> Loras encouraged immigration to the area, especially German and Irish settlers.<ref name="Stuart" />
	]
	===The Early Years of the Diocese===
	The Dubuque Diocese was created on ], ]. ] was named the first Bishop of the Dubuque Diocese. Loras gathered funds and personnel for the new Diocese, and he arrived in 1839. St. Raphael's became the Cathedral parish in August of that year. He oversaw the expansion of the church in the early years of the diocese, first in the Iowa territory, then after 1846 in the new state of Iowa.

			Loras invited several religious orders to the diocese. In 1843, while visiting ], Loras met with several ]. He convinced them to come to Dubuque, where they founded St. Joseph's Academy for girls. It became Clarke University in 1881.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=About Mary Frances Clarke \|url=https://www.clarke.edu/about-clarke/mission-history/about-mary-frances-clarke/ \|access-date=2024-10-14 \|website=Clarke University \|language=en-US}}</ref> In 1849, with Ireland ravaged by the ], several Irish ] immigrated to Iowa to build the ] in Peosta.<ref name="melleray">{{Cite web \|title=History – New Melleray \|url=https://newmelleray.org/history/ \|access-date=2023-09-07 \|language=en-US}}</ref>
	Bishop Loras encouraged immigration to the area, especially German and Irish settlers. He expanded the Catholic church in Dubuque by overseeing the creation of new parishes, and also he invited several religious orders to the area. This included a Cisterian order that built the ] south of Dubuque. Shortly before his death, he directed the construction of the third and present St. Raphael's Cathedral building.

			=== 1850 to 1865 ===
	In ], territory was taken from the Diocese to form the new ], serving ] (later ] and ]).
			]
			In 1850, ] separated the Minnesota Territory from the Diocese of Dubuque to form the new ].<ref name=":3" /> On January 9, 1857, at Loras's request, Pius IX appointed Reverend ], a Trappist priest, to assist Loras as a ]. In early 1858, Loras started the construction of the current St. Raphael's Cathedral. When Loras died on February 19, 1958, Smyth automatically succeeded him as the second bishop of Dubuque.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Bishop Timothy Clement Smyth \|url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bsmyth.html \|access-date=2024-10-14 \|website=www.catholic-hierarchy.org}}</ref>

			As the diocese expanded, Smyth successfully recruited Irish priests to the diocese, primarily from ] in ]. This caused discontent among the French-born priests in Dubuque, with many of them transferring to other dioceses.<ref name="Luby">Luby, S.D. ''Dubuque, Archdiocese of (Dubuquensis)'' New Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. IV (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967) 1084</ref> In 1863, Smyth consecrated Ephraim McDonnell as the first ] for New Melleray after the Vatican elevated to an ].<ref>{{cite book \|last=Shea \|first=John Gilmary \|url=https://archive.org/details/cihm_50284 \|title=A history of the Catholic church within the limits of the United States \|publisher=John G. Shea \|year=1892 \|isbn=9780665502842 \|location=New York \|page=}}</ref> During his episcopacy the German Catholics in Dubuque began construction of a new St. Mary's church to replace the Church of the Holy Trinity.
	===Expansion of the Dubuque Diocese===
	From 1859 to 1865, the Bishop of Dubuque was Clement Smyth, OCSO. He oversaw continued expansion of the Catholic church in the diocese. It was during his reign that the German Catholics of the city of Dubuque began construction of a new Saint Mary's church due to the fact that they outgrew their previous Church of the Holy Trinity.

			In 1863, during the ], Smyth learned about a branch of the ] (KCG) in Dubuque, a secret paramilitary society with sympathies for the Confederate South. Smyth told Catholic members of KCG to either quit the organization or be excommunicated.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Knights of the Golden Circle\|url=http://knightofthegoldencircle.wordpress.com\|date=June 13, 2014\|first=Rudi\|last=Keller}}</ref> Smyth preached a stinging sermon after the assassination of President ] on April 15, 1865. That evening, an ] set fire to Smyth's carriage house, killing his horses and destroying his carriage and the structure.<ref name="Luby2">Luby, S.D. ''Dubuque, Archdiocese of (Dubuquensis)'' New Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. IV (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967) 1084</ref>
	After the death of Bishop Smyth in 1865, John Hennessey was named the Bishop of Dubuque. During his reign, the population of Dubuque exploded as the Milwaukee Railroad Shops came to Dubuque. Hennessey created several parishes in Dubuque - Sacred Heart, Holy Ghost, St. Anthony's, and Holy Trinity to deal with this population explosion.

			=== 1865 to 1893 ===
	During this time, Bishop Hennessey proposed taking territory from the Diocese and creating a new Diocese for southern Iowa. While he proposed ] for the headquarters of the new Diocese, ] was the site chosen.
			]
			Smyth died in 1865. On April 24, 1866, Pius IX appointed Reverend ] of Saint Louis as the third bishop of Dubuque.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web \|title=History of Bishops \|url=https://dbqarch.org/history-of-bishops \|access-date=October 14, 2024 \|website=Archdiocese of Dubuque}}</ref> When he arrived in Dubuque, there were 27 priests, 30 churches, two schools and seven sisters.{{Citation needed\|date=October 2024}}

			During Hennessy's tenure, the population of Dubuque exploded as the ] opened a maintenance center in the city. Hennessey erected Sacred Heart, Holy Ghost, St. Anthony's, and Holy Trinity Parishes in Dubuque to deal with this population increase. In 1871, Nicholas E. Gonner, a Catholic immigrant from ], founded the Catholic Printing Company in Dubuque, That same year, he started publishing the German language ''Luxemburger Gazette''. <ref>{{cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8uxfTF4Lm-kC&pg=PA458 \|title=Germany and the Americas \|publisher=ABC-CLIO \|year=2005 \|isbn=978-1851096282 \|editor-last=Adam \|editor-first=Thomas \|volume=2 \|page=458}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=CATHOLIC PRINTING COMPANY - Encyclopedia Dubuque \|url=https://www.encyclopediadubuque.org/index.php/CATHOLIC_PRINTING_COMPANY \|access-date=2024-10-14 \|website=www.encyclopediadubuque.org}}</ref> In 1878, the Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis of the Holy Family relocated from ] to Dubuque to staff St. Mary's Orphan Home.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Sisters of St. Francis: history & leadership \|url=https://osfdbq.org/history/ \|access-date=2024-10-20 \|website=Sisters of St. Francis \|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=ST. MARY'S ORPHAN HOME - Encyclopedia Dubuque \|url=https://www.encyclopediadubuque.org/index.php/ST._MARY'S_ORPHAN_HOME \|access-date=2024-10-14 \|website=www.encyclopediadubuque.org}}</ref>
	===Elevation to an Archdiocese===
	On ], ] the Dubuque Diocese was elevated to an Archdiocese. Bishop Hennessey was elevated to become the first Archbishop of Dubuque at that time. In 1900, Archbishop Hennessey died, he is buried at the Cathedral in Dubuque.

			Hennessy was a strong proponent of Catholic education, terming public schools as "dens of iniquity" and "gates of hell".<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal \|last=Coogan \|first=M. Jane \|date=1981 \|title=Dubuque's First Archbishop: The Image and the Man \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44210937?read-now=1&seq=7#page_scan_tab_contents \|journal=Records of the American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia \|volume=92 \|issue=1/4 \|pages=59–90 \|issn=0002-7790}}</ref>
	===The First Part of the 20th Century===
	After the death of Archbishop Hennessey, Archbishop John J. Keane was chosen to lead the Archdiocese. He served for eleven years until poor health forced him to retire in 1911. During his tenure, the western territory of the Archiocese was taken to from a new Diocese, which was based in ]. As a result, the Archdiocese's territory was reduced down to its current size.

			Both Smyth and Hennessy believed that the diocese was becoming too big and should be split up. He proposed that the Vatican erect a new diocese in southern Iowa based in Des Moines. However, in 1881, ] instead erected the ] in southern Iowa.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Davenport (Diocese) \|url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/ddave.html \|access-date=2024-10-14 \|website=www.catholic-hierarchy.org}}</ref>
	]. Named the third Bishop of Dubuque in 1866, he became the first Archbishop of Dubuque upon the elevation of the Dubuque Diocese to an Archdiocese in 1893.]]
	The next Archbishop to serve was named James John Keane. Although he and his predecessor shared the same last name, the two men were not related, and they both had very different personalities. The first Archbishop Keane was well liked in the community, and was known as "Sugar" for his kind and generous nature. The second Archbishop Keane was known as "Hickory" for his stern manner.

			By 1891, the diocese had 203 priests, 319 churches, 615 sisters, and over 135 parochial schools with 16,257 students.<ref name="encyclopediadubuque">{{Cite web \|title=HENNESSY, John - Encyclopedia Dubuque \|url=https://www.encyclopediadubuque.org/index.php?title=HENNESSY,_John \|access-date=2024-10-20 \|website=www.encyclopediadubuque.org}}</ref>
	===The Great Depression and World War II Years===
	During the years of the ] and the ], the Archdiocese was lead by Archbishop Francis J.L. Beckman. In the years leading up to the war, Beckman was an opponent of military action. Beckman also was a collector of fine art pieces. He had placed a number of art pieces in a museum at Columbia (now Loras) College. Archbishop Beckman, perhaps thinking that he could gain funds to further his collection, involved the Archdiocese in what turned out to be a dubious gold mine scheme. Because Beckman had signed notes on behalf of the Archdiocese, this caused financial problems for the Archdiocese when the scheme fell apart and the individual who created this scam was arrested. President Roosevelt directed the FBI to investigate Beckman. It was to determine what his involvement would have been in this financial scheme, not Beckman's opposition to the President as some believed. Most of Beckman's collection was sold to pay off the notes. The cost to the Archdiocese was over half a million dollars.

			=== 1893 to 1944 ===
	Because of Beckman's troubles Bishop Henry Rohlman returned from the Davenport, Iowa diocese and was installed as Coadjutor Archbishop in 1944. Archbishop Beckman was allowed to retain his office, but was informed that Rohlman now led the Archdiocese. Beckman retired in 1947, and left Dubuque for Cincinnati.
			]
			On June 15, 1893, Pope Leo XIII elevated the Diocese of Dubuque to the Archdiocese of Dubuque and Hennessey became the first archbishop.<ref name=":3" /> Hennessey died in 1900 and was buried in the mortuary vault that he had constructed under the cathedral.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=History Part 2: February 1858 – March 1900 \|url=https://cathedralstpats.org/part-2-february-1858-march-1900 \|access-date=October 14, 2024 \|website=Cathedral of St. Raphael & St. Patrick Church}}</ref> When Hennessey will was read, he had an estate of property and bank accounts exceeding $1,000,000. Since he was poor when assuming office, it was widely assumed that Hennessy had been taking money from the archdiocese.<ref name=":10" />

			After the death of Hennessey, Pope Pius X on July 24, 1900, appointed ], titular archbishop of ], as the second archbishop of Dubuque.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web \|title=Archbishop John Joseph Keane \|url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bkeanej.html \|access-date=2024-10-15 \|website=www.catholic-hierarchy.org}}</ref>
	On ], ], the ]ese bombed ]. One of the casualities in that attack was ]. He was serving on board the USS Oklahoma at the time. The boat capsized during the attack. Father Schmitt and other men were trapped below with only a small porthole for escape. Father Schmitt declined to be pulled from the ship, and instead helped other men to escape. In total he saved 12 men, but he drowned. Father Schmitt was the first chaplin of any denomination to die in World War II. For his actions, he was awarded the Navy and Marine Corps Medal, and a destroyer was named in his honor.

			On January 15, 1902, Pius X erected the ] from the western half of the archdiocese.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Sioux City (Diocese) \|url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dsiou.html \|access-date=2024-10-15 \|website=www.catholic-hierarchy.org}}</ref> During his tenure as archbishop, John Keane encouraged postgraduate courses and ongoing education for priests, and doubled the faculty and buildings of St. Joseph's College. He established 12 academies for girls and two for boys in the archdiocese. Due to poor health, Keene resigned as archbishop of Dubuque in 1911.<ref name=":5" />
	===The Post War Era===
	One of the effects of the post war ] was an increase in the number of students at some of the Catholic schools. In Dubuque, the Sacred Heart parish school had the largest student population of such schools in the midwest.

			To succeed John Keene, on August 11, 1911, Pius X appointed Bishop ] from the ] as the next archbishop of Dubuque.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Archbishop James John Keane \|url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bkeane.html \|access-date=2024-10-15 \|website=www.catholic-hierarchy.org}}</ref> One of James Keane's interests as archbishop was ], later called Loras College. When he came to Dubuque, Columbia had an enrollment of 330 students and a faculty of 20. By the time he died, Columbia had 700 students and 48 faculty members.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web \|title=Keane, James J. \|url=https://www.encyclopediadubuque.org/index.php?title=KEANE,_James_J. \|access-date=June 29, 2022 \|website=Encyclopedia Dubuque}}</ref>
	In 1955 Archbishop Leo Binz became Archbishop of Dubuque. He served in that capacity for several years before moving on to the Minneapolis / Saint Paul, Minnesota Archdiocese to lead Catholics there.

			A strong believer in Catholic education, James Keane encouraged all Catholics in the archdiocese tp support the parochial schools, even if they did not have children attending them.<ref name=":02" /> He also started the diocesan newspaper, the ''Witness''. In 1928, the ] opened Mount Mercy Junior College in Cedar Rapids. It was a two-year college for women that in 1960 became Mount Mercy University.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Catholic Tradition \|url=https://www.mtmercy.edu/about/mission-identity/catholic-tradition \|access-date=2024-10-14 \|website=www.mtmercy.edu}}</ref> Keene died on August 2, 1929.<ref name=":4" />
	===The Second Vatican Council and the Aftermath===
	James Byrne was named the next Archbishop of Dubuque in the spring of 1962. On May 8, 1962 he was formally installed at St. Raphael's by the Apostolic Delegate. He attended all four sessions of the Second Vatican Council. Archbishop Byrne implemented the changes brought about by the council in the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The Priests Senate - the clergy's advisory board - was soon established, as was another advisory board that delt with assingment of priests. These boards were among the first such boards founded in the United States.

			On January 17, 1930, ] named Bishop ] from the ] as archbishop of Dubuque. Impressed with the Catholic culture he had seen in Europe, Beckman began to collect ] pieces. The Beckman collection includes works of ], Rembrandt, ], and Van Dyck.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web \|title=BECKMAN, Francis J.L. - Encyclopedia Dubuque \|url=https://www.encyclopediadubuque.org/index.php/BECKMAN,_Francis_J.L. \|access-date=2024-10-16 \|website=www.encyclopediadubuque.org}}</ref>
	Archbishop Byrne generally kept a low profile in the community. He did encourage Catholics to pray daily before the news. Archbishop Byrne retired from office in 1984. After retirement, Byrne remained in Dubuque until his death on August 2, 1996.

			In 1936, promoter Phillip Suetter convinced Beckman to invest in a gold mine in Oregon. Beckman borrowed money on ] to fund the project. It soon became clear that the project was a scam. In 1941, the Vatican ordered the creation of a Special Commission on Administration, composed of three American archbishops, to take control of the archdiocese's finances. In 1942, Suetter was convicted of violating the ]. With the diocese $600,000 in debt, the archbishops recommended to Pius XII that he appoint a coadjutor archbishop to run the archdiocese.{{Citation needed\|date=October 2024}}
	===The Last Years of the 20th Century to the Present===
	On February 23, 1984, ], OSB was installed as the tenth Bishop and eighth Archbishop of Dubuque. Archbishop Kucera had earned a doctorate in education. At 36 he had become the youngest President of the Illinois Benedictine College. His background on education has led Vatican officals, including the ], to seek his advice. In 1988 the Archdiocese celebrated the 150th anniversary of its founding. Archbishop Kucera also received an honorary degree from the ]. On October 16, 1995, Archbishop Kucera retired, and moved to Colorado.

			=== 1944 to 1984 ===
	]
	~~The~~ ~~current~~ ~~Archbishop~~ of ~~Dubuque~~ is ~~Jerome~~ ~~George~~ ~~Hanus,~~ ~~OSB.~~ He ~~became~~ ~~Coadjutor~~ ~~Archbishop~~ ~~with the right~~ of ~~succession on October 27, 1994~~. When ~~Archbishop Kucera~~ retired in ~~1995~~, he ~~became~~ ~~the~~ ~~current~~ ~~Archbishop~~ of Dubuque.		On June 15, 1944, Pope Pius XII appointed Bishop ] from Davenport as coadjutor archbishop of Dubuque. When Beckman retired in 1947, Rohlman automatically succeeded him as bishop of Dubuque.

			While Rohlman was archbishop, Christ the King Chapel was constructed at Loras College, St. Mary's Home for Children was built in Dubuque, and the number of priests in the archdiocese rose from 290 to 345. Rohlman, along with the other bishops in Iowa, re-established the Mount St. Bernard Seminary for the education of new priests in the province. The archdiocese built a $2.5 million home for the seminary in Dubuque.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=ROHLMAN, Henry P. - Encyclopedia Dubuque \|url=http://www.encyclopediadubuque.org/index.php?title=ROHLMAN,_Henry_P. \|access-date=2018-08-06 \|website=www.encyclopediadubuque.org \|language=en}}</ref>
	==Recent Events==

			On October 15, 1949, Pius XII named Bishop ] from the Diocese of Winona as coadjutor archbishop in Dubuque. When Rohlman retired on December 2, 1954, Binz replaced him.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web \|title=Archbishop Leo Binz \|url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bbinz.html \|access-date=2024-10-16 \|website=www.catholic-hierarchy.org}}</ref> During his seven years as archbishop, Binz helped develop Catholic high schools in the archdiocese.<ref name="curtis">{{cite book \|last=Curtis \|first=Georgina Pell \|title=The American Catholic Who's Who \|publisher=Walter Romig \|year=1961 \|volume=XIV \|location=Grosse Pointe, Michigan}}</ref> He also established the North American Martyrs Retreat House in ], and expanded the archdiocesan branch of ]. On December 16, 1961, ] named Binz as archbishop of Saint Paul.<ref name=":7" />
	===The New Millennium===
	The Archdiocese undertook a number of activities in preperation for the year 2000, both before and after the beginning of 2000.

			John XXIII nominated Bishop ] from the ] to be the next archbishop of Dubuque on March 7, 1962.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web \|title=Archbishop James Joseph Byrne \|url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bbyrne.html \|access-date=2024-10-17 \|website=www.catholic-hierarchy.org}}</ref> After the ] (1962 to 1965), Byrne implemented many of its reforms in the archdiocese, including a priests senate, a clergy advisory board, and an advisory board for the assignment of priests to parishes. In 1964, the Trappist sisters founded Our Lady of the Mississippi Abbey in Dubuque.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Our History – mississippiabbey \|url=https://mississippiabbey.org/home-page/our-history/ \|access-date=2024-10-14 \|language=en-US}}</ref>
	===The Sexual Abuse Crisis===
	The Dubuque Archdiocese has not been immune to the ] crisis affecting the church. Like many other dioceses, in the past the Archdiocese had tried to handle such problems quietly through sending the offender to treatment followed by quiet reassingment. The Archdiocese has been accused of being slow to respond to this crisis, and of not doing enough to prevent this from happening.

			===1983 to present===
	Almost immediately after taking office Archbishop Hanus was forced to deal with a case of sexual abuse by a Dubuque area priest. This priest had molested several young altar servers. Most of these incidents of abuse took place on church property.
			]
			Byrne retired from office on August 23, 1983.<ref name=":8" /> On December 20, 1983, ] appointed Bishop ] of the Diocese of Salina as the eighth archbishop of Dubuque.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web \|title=Archbishop Daniel William Kucera \|url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bkucera.html \|access-date=2024-10-17 \|website=www.catholic-hierarchy.org}}</ref>

			In 1987, Kucera launched a plan that divided the archdiocese into three regions with a resident bishop in each. The ] Region was served by retired Archbishop James Byrne and Archbishop Kucera; the ] Region by Bishop Francis Dunn, and ] Region by William Franklin who was consecrated as a bishop in April 1987. However, Bishop Kucera eventually dropped the plan after the death of Bishop Dunn in 1989 and Bishop Franklin's nomination as the head of the ].{{Citation needed\|date=October 2024}}
	In 2000, another priest from the ] area had been found to be engaging in inappropriate activity on the ]. While this priest had not abused any children, the inpropriety had damaged the level of trust between members of the parish and the church. The priest in question was transferred out of parish work, he later died in an automobile accident.

			In 1986 the archdiocese celebrated the 150th anniversary of its founding. John Paul II named Bishop ] from the ] as coadjutor archbishop in Dubuque on August 23, 1994. When retired on October 16, 1995, Hanus became archbishop.<ref name=":9" /><ref>{{Cite web \|title=Archbishop Emeritus Hanus \|url=https://dbqarch.org/archbishop-emeritus \|access-date=October 20, 2024 \|website=Archdiocese of Dubuque}}</ref>
	A number of cases of past abuse have also come up - some from as long as 60 years ago. Some new claims have recently been made against a deceased priest - the parishes he served at have been notified of these claims, and the Archdiocese has encouraged victims to come forward.

			As archbishop, Hanus implemented a ] process throughout the archdiocese. He sent videotaped messages to all the parishes to be played at mass. Parishioners were given opportunities to respond and express their own views. Hanus then issued a ], which spelled out his plans for the archdiocese. These plans included an increased role for the ] in leadership roles,<ref>{{cite book \|title=New Catholic Encyclopedia, Second Edition \|publisher=The Catholic University of America \|year=2003 \|volume=4 \|location=Washington, DC \|page=925}}</ref> necessitated by the ] and the changing demographics of the archdiocese. These conditions also forced Hanus to combine and close a number of parishes.<ref>{{cite web \|date=2002 \|title=Newsmakers - Most Rev. Jerome Hanus \|url=http://www.thonline.com/thseries/newsmakers/hanus/133459.htm \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030922090208/http://www.thonline.com/thseries/newsmakers/hanus/133459.htm \|archive-date=2003-09-22 \|access-date=2010-02-18 \|website=Telegraph Herald}}</ref>
	The Archdiocese has responded to this crisis by creating a policy for protecting minors, it also created a review board for dealing with issues of abuse, and has agreed to pay for counseling for victims. Reaction to these policy changes has been mixed. Some people feel that the Archdiocese is not being as cooperative as it could be, and feel that more could be done. At the same time, others feel that the Archdiocese is doing what it can in a very difficult situation.

			After Hanus retired in 2013, Pope Francis on April 8, 2013 appointed Bishop ] from the Diocese of Wichita as the next archbishop of Dubuque. <ref>{{Cite web \|title=Archbishop Emeritus Jackels \|url=https://dbqarch.org/archbishop-jackels \|access-date=October 20, 2024 \|website=Archdiocese of Dubuque}}</ref>On April 24, 2023, a cardiac condition forced Jackels to immediately retire as archbishop. Francis appointed Bishop Emeritus ] from Des Moines to serve as the ], running the archdiocese.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Archbishop Michael Jackels retires for health reasons \|url=https://www.thegazette.com/religion-belief/iowa-archbishop-michael-jackels-retires-for-health-reasons/ \|access-date=2024-10-20 \|website=www.thegazette.com \|language=en-US}}</ref>
	===The Priest Shortage===
	The Archdiocese has also felt the effects of the priest shortage that has affected the church in recent times. In recent years many smaller rural parishes have had to close and their congregrations had been absorbed into other nearby parishes. Some rural parishes have been clustered together where one priest will serve two or more parishes. Some parishes have no resident priest. Another effect is that some duties that a priest would have performed in the past are performed by either religious (Sister or Deacon) individuals, or by the laity.

			On July 26, 2023, Francis appointed ] from Davenport as the eleventh archbishop of Dubuque.<ref name="Brockhaus">{{cite web \|author1=Hannah Brockhaus \|author2=Jonathan Liedl \|date=July 26, 2023 \|title=Pope Francis names Davenport, Iowa's Bishop Zinkula to lead Archdiocese of Dubuque \|url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/254900/pope-francis-names-davenport-iowa-s-bishop-zinkula-to-lead-archdiocese-of-dubuque \|access-date=July 28, 2023 \|publisher=]}}</ref> As of October 2024, he is the current archbishop of Dubuque
	===Education Issues===
	In recent years, many questions have been raised of the future of Catholic schools. With parishes closing or combining services, schools were also combined together. In recent times, schools in a given geographical area have all been joined together into a school system.

			== Early parishes ==
	In Dubuque, the Catholic schools are all part of the Holy Family system. There has been much controversy recently about how to best run the schools. The administrators of the system had recently made plans to reorganize the schools. This was due to factors such as a declining number of students attending Catholic schools. An especially controversial move that was proposed was to turn St. Anthony's school into a central school for certain grades. Parents of the parish felt that their concerns were being ignored. Eventually, the Archdiocesan Board of Education vetoed the plan, and told the school system to continue work on planning the system's future.

			=== St. John the Baptist ===
	Recently, the subject of closing Wahlert High School - the Archdiocesan high school for Dubuque - has been a matter of controversy.
			Founded in 1874, St. John the Baptist parish is now part of the St. Elizabeth Pastorate, a cluster of parishes in northern ].<ref name="peosta" /> In July 1874, Bishop Hennessy granted Catholic residents of Centralia permission to build St. John the Baptist Church. They laid the cornerstone in the fall of 1874 and Reverend George W. Heer became the first pastor in 1875. When the railroad came through neighboring Peosta, Archbishop John Keane decided in 1923 to move St. John there. During the winter, parishioners would travel to services by horse-drawn bobsled.<ref name="peosta">{{Cite web \|title=St. John the Baptist {{!}} St. Elizabeth Pastorate \|url=https://stelizabethpastorate.com/st-john-the-baptist/ \|access-date=2023-09-07 \|website=stelizabethpastorate.com}}</ref> In 1989, the parish dedicated a new church building.

			=== St. Francis ===
	===Controversy over the Passion of the Christ===
			Founded in 1891, St. Francis Parish in ] is now part of the St. John Baptist de La Salle Pastorate. The parish traces its history to 1858 when area Catholics petitioned Bishop Loras to establish a parish for them. Loras visited Balltown and offered mass in a ].<ref name="balltown">{{Cite web \|title=St. Francis {{!}} home \|url=https://www.lasallepastorate.com/balltown \|access-date=2023-09-07 \|website=www.lasallepastorate.com}}</ref> In 1891, parishioners built a brick building to house a school and a convent. and established a cemetery. The school opened in September 1891 with 45 children. The priest celebrated mass in a small sanctuary adjoining the schoolroom.<ref name="balltown" />
	The ] film ] has caused controversy in the Archdiocese as well. One of the main issues brought up by the film was an editioral cartoon on the movie that the Dubuque Telegraph-Hearld newspaper published in its Editorial section. This cartoon featured a nun using coroporal punishment. Some in the community have felt that this was a slight against the nuns and all their years of hard work. Others - mainly middle age to older adults have said that this was representative of the nuns who taught them while they were in school. They had said that some of the nuns freely used corporal punishment to enforce discipline.

			In 1892, the parish laid the cornerstone for the St. Francis Church building. On August 27, 1976, the church was destroyed by fire. The parish built a new church, demolishing the old convent building to make room for it.<ref name="balltown" />
	===2004 Presidental Campaign===
	Both parties attempted to appeal to Catholic voters. Republicans tried to appeal to Catholics through their stance against ]. Democrats tried to appeal through an "ethic of life" stance, and through appealing to the social justice concerns of Catholics. Both parties took out full page ads in local newspapers to convince Catholics of the need to vote for their party.

			=== Ss. Peter and Paul ===
	While Bush did enjoy some support due to his stance on abortion, others took an "anyone but Bush" attitude, and concluded that Kerry was the lesser of two evils in this case. Some people felt that the opposition some Bishops showed to Kerry as a supporter of abortion was a thinly disguised endorsement of the Republican party - even if that had not been the Bishop's intent.
			]
			Founded in 1852, Ss. Peter and Paul Parish in ], is now part of the St. John Baptist de La Salle Pastorate.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web \|title=Ss. Peter and Paul Church \|url=https://lasallepastorate.com/ss-peter-paul-church \|access-date=October 13, 2024 \|website=St. John Baptist de La Salle Pastorate}}</ref>

			Before the parish was founded, its Catholics had to travel 15 miles by ox-team to Dubuque to attend mass. With the influx of German Catholic immigrants to the area, Bishop Loras established the St. William Parish in Sherrill. It was renamed Ss. Peter and Paul Parish in 1860.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web \|last=Klinkenberg \|first=Dean \|date=2009-10-03 \|title=Sherrill \|url=https://mississippivalleytraveler.com/sherrill/#:~:text=Local%20Catholics%20built%20a%20log,Peter%20and%20Paul%20Catholic%20Church. \|access-date=2024-10-13 \|website=Mississippi Valley Traveler \|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> In 1889, the parish replaced its original wood church with the current brick and stone ] structure.<ref name=":1" /> During the 1970s, the parish removed the original carved wood ]s from the church and painted over its 19th-century wood trim.<ref name=":0" /> ]
	====John Kerry Visits====
	On July 3, 2004, ] visited the city of Dubuque as part of his ]. During the evening, he watched the ] from a private boat on the ]. On Sunday, July 4, he attended Mass at Resurrection Church in Dubuque, and received ] during the course of this mass. Catholics in the Archdiocese have also expressed concern over his stance on certain issues, especially ].

			For over 100 years, the ] (FSPA) of ], operated the parish school. The school is now consolidated in Sherrill with the parish school from Balltown.<ref name=":0" />
	In an interview with the Dubuque Telegraph Herald, he told the paper "I oppose abortion, personally. I don't like abortion. I believe life does begin at conception. I can't take my Catholic belief, my article of faith, and legislate it on a Protestant or a Jew or an atheist." later in the interview he said, "We have separation of church and state in the United States of America." He also echoed similar sentiments to Catholics who had approached him during Mass to question him over his position on this issue. While some people have said that Kerry's stance is essentially correct, his remarks have led others in the community to label him a ].

			====Others====
	Other area Catholics have expressed disappointment that Kerry was permitted to receive Communion during his visit, feeling that as an abortion rights supporter it was not appropriate for Kerry to receive Communion. The Archdiocese has not decided to explictly deny communion to Catholic politicians who hold views that conflict with church teachings. Statements made by Archdiocesan officials indicate that they feel that the politicians in question should examine their own consciences when it comes to receiving communion.
			Other early parishes in the diocese include ], ], and ].

			==Bishops==
	==Ordinaries of Dubuque==
			===Bishops of Dubuque===
	* ] - Jul 28, 1837 - Feb 20, 1858 (his death).
			# ] (1837–1858)
	* Bishop Clement Smyth, OCSO - Feb 20, 1858 - Sep 22, 1865 (his death).
			# ], OCSO (1858–1865)
	* ] - Apr 24, 1866 - Mar 4, 1900 (his death). Bishop Hennessey was promoted to Archbishop in 1893 upon the elevation of the Diocese to an Archdiocese.
			# ] (1866–1893), elevated to ]
	* Archbishop John Keane - Jul 24, 1900 - Apr 28, 1911 (resigned due to poor health).
	* Archbishop James Keane - Aug 11, 1911 - Aug 2, 1929 (his death).
	* Archbishop Francis Beckman - Jan 17, 1930 - Nov 11, 1946 (retired).
	* ] - Nov 11, 1946 - Dec 2, 1954 (retired).
	* ] - Dec 2, 1954 - Dec 16, 1961 (reassigned to the St. Paul, Minnesota Diocese).
	* ] - Mar 7, 1962 - Aug 23, 1983 (retired).
	* ], OSB - Dec 20, 1983 - Oct 16, 1995 (retired).
	* ], OSB - Current Archbishop. Became Archbishop on Oct 16, 1995.

			===Archbishops of Dubuque===
	==See Also==
			# John Hennessy (1893–1900)
	* ]
			# ] (1900–1911)
	* ]
			# ] (1911–1929)
	* ]
			# ] (1930–1946)
			# ] (1946–1954; Coadjutor 1944–1946)
			# ] (1954–1961), appointed ]
			# ] (1962–1983)
			# ], OSB (1983–1995)
			# ], OSB (1995–2013; Coadjutor 1994–1995)
			# ] (2013–2023)
			# ] (2023-present)

			===Auxiliary bishops===
			* ] (1946–1949), appointed ]
			* ] (1951–1956), appointed ]
			* ] (1957–1965), appointed ] and later ]
			* ] (1965–1969), appointed ]
			* ] (1969–1989)
			* ] (1987–1993), appointed ]

			===Other diocesan priests who became bishops===
			*], appointed ] in 1850
			* ], appointed ] in 1858; did not take effect
			*], appointed ] in 1884
			*], appointed ] in 1896
			*], appointed ] in 1904
			*], appointed ] in 1904 (he was born in Dubuque, but was a priest of Cleveland before he became a bishop)
			*], appointed ] in 1918
			*], appointed ] in 1919
			*], appointed ] in 1923 and later ]
			*], appointed ] in 1930
			*], appointed ] in 1941
			*], appointed ] in 1957
			*], appointed ] to New Zealand in 1968 and later an official of the (Vatican) Secretariat of State
			*], appointed ] in 1970
			*], appointed ] in 2017 and later Archbishop of Dubuque.
			*], appointed ] in 2019

			== Notable priests ==
			* Reverend ] served as chaplain on US Navy Admiral ]'s fourth expedition to ] in 1946. Menster became the first priest to set foot on the continent, and consecrated it in 1947.
			* US Navy Chaplain Reverend ] posthumously received the ] and the ] for his heroic service in ], during the December 7, 1941 attack by the ]. Stationed aboard the battleship ], he was trapped below decks with other sailors when the ship capsized after being hit by torpedoes. With only a small porthole available for escape, Schmitt insisted on staying behind to help the other sailors escape. He was the first American chaplain to die in ].<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2016-12-07 \|title=Pearl Harbor Priest Identified 75 Years Later \|url=https://www.ncregister.com/news/pearl-harbor-priest-identified-75-years-later \|access-date=2024-10-13 \|website=NCR \|language=en}}</ref>

			==Education==
			{{main\|List of schools of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dubuque}}
			In the Archdiocese of Dubuque, the Catholic schools are all part of the Holy Family system. The archdiocese has three Catholic colleges: ] and ] in Dubuque and ] in Cedar Rapids.

			==Sexual abuse crisis==
			{{Main\|Sexual abuse scandal in Dubuque archdiocese}}The Archdiocese of Dubuque, as with many other archdioceses and dioceses in the US, has been affected by the ]. Although a large settlement was paid to victims by Archbishop Jerome Hanus in 2006, cases continue to surface and be litigated.

			==References==
			{{Reflist\|2}}
			{{Catholic\|wstitle=Dubuque}}

			==Sources==
			* Hoffman, Mathias M., ''Centennial History of the Archdiocese of Dubuque'', Columbia College Press, Dubuque, Iowa, 1938.

	==External links==		==External links==
			* {{official website\|http://www.dbqarch.org/}}
	*
			* {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/*/http://www.arch.pvt.k12.ia.us/\|title=Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dubuque Schools}}
	* Web Sites for Catholic Colleges in the Archdiocese
			{{Geographic Location
	**
			\|Centre = Archdiocese of Dubuque
	**
			\|North = ]
	**
			\|Northeast = ]
	*
			\|East = ]
			\|Southeast = ]
			\|South = ]
			\|Southwest = ]
			\|West = ]
			\|Northwest =
			}}

			{{Roman Catholic Bishops of Dubuque}}
			{{Roman Catholic Ecclesiastical Province of Dubuque}}
			{{R-C provinces in the United States}}

			{{authority control}}

	]		{{DEFAULTSORT:Roman Catholic Archdiocese Of Dubuque}}
	]		]
	]		]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]

Latest revision as of 00:18, 3 December 2024

Latin Catholic ecclesiastical jurisdiction in Iowa, USA

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Metropolitan Archdiocese of Dubuque Archidiœcesis Metropolitae Dubuquensis

St. Raphael's Cathedral
Coat of arms
Location
Country	United States
Territory	30 counties in Northeastern Iowa
Ecclesiastical province	Dubuque
Coordinates	42°29′06″N 90°40′31″W / 42.48500°N 90.67528°W / 42.48500; -90.67528
Statistics
Area	17,400 sq mi (45,000 km)
Population - Total - Catholics	(as of 2018) 1,010,471 193,360 (19.1%)
Parishes	166
Information
Denomination	Catholic
Sui iuris church	Latin Church
Rite	Roman Rite
Established	July 28, 1837 (187 years ago)
Cathedral	St. Raphael's Cathedral
Patron saint	St. Raphael St. John Vianney
Current leadership
Pope	Francis
Archbishop	Thomas Robert Zinkula
Metropolitan Archbishop	Thomas Robert Zinkula
Bishops emeritus	Jerome Hanus, O.S.B. Michael Owen Jackels
Map

Website
dbqarch.org

The Metropolitan Archdiocese of Dubuque (Latin: Archidiœcesis Metropolitae Dubuquensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or archdiocese, of the Catholic Church in the northeastern quarter of the state of Iowa in the United States.

The Diocese of Dubuque was erected in 1837 and elevated to an archdiocese in 1893. It is a metropolitan archdiocese with three suffragan dioceses:

Territory and personnel

The seat of the archdiocese is St. Raphael's Cathedral in Dubuque, named in honor of the Archangel Raphael. As of 2024, the archbishop is Thomas Zinkula.

The archdiocese is one of a few American archdioceses that is not based in a major metropolitan area. It includes all the Iowa counties north of Polk, Jasper, Poweshiek, Iowa, Johnson, Cedar, and Clinton counties, and east of Kossuth, Humboldt, Webster and Boone counties. It has an area of approximately 17,400 square miles (45,000 km).

As of 2023, the archdiocese had 173 priests and 143 permanent deacons serving 163 parishes divided into eight deaneries. The archdiocese had a Catholic population of approximately 183,700.

History

1673 to 1837

The first Catholic presence in present-day Iowa was that of the French Jesuit missionary, Reverend Jacques Marquette. He traveled down the Mississippi River with the French explorer Louis Jolliet in 1673, stopping briefly at what is now Montrose in southern Iowa. The region would be under French and Spanish control for the next 131 years.

After the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, the Iowa region passed from French to American control. The few Catholics in the area were originally under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Louisiana and the Two Floridas. In 1826, the Vatican transferred the Iowa region to the new Diocese of St. Louis. It would remain under this jurisdiction for the next 11 years.

The earliest Catholic settlers in the Iowa region were French-Canadian, German, and Irish. With the growth of the Catholic population, Bishop Joseph Rosati of St. Louis sent the Belgian Jesuit Reverend Charles Van Quickenborne to the newly-founded Dubuque in 1833, where he organized the first parish. He was followed in 1834 by Reverend Charles Fitzmaurice, who began amassing funds to construct a church. When Fitzmaurice died of cholera in early 1835, Rosatis sent the Dominican Reverend Samuel Mazzuchelli to replace him.

Mazzuchelli ministered to a scattered Catholic population of under 3,000. In 1835, he dedicated the first church in the present day archdiocese, which he named St. Raphael.

1837 to 1850

Pope Gregory XVI erected the Diocese of Dubuque on July 28, 1837, and named Monsignor Mathias Loras from the Diocese of Mobile as its first bishop. This vast diocese covered the entire Iowa Territory along with what became the Minnesota Territory (including the Dakotas).

Gathering funds and personnel in Alabama, Loras arrived in Dubuque in 1839. He designated St. Raphael as the cathedral parish later that year. That same year, he establish St. Raphael Seminary in Dubuque, which in later years would become Loras College. Loras encouraged immigration to the area, especially German and Irish settlers.

Loras invited several religious orders to the diocese. In 1843, while visiting Baltimore, Loras met with several Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. He convinced them to come to Dubuque, where they founded St. Joseph's Academy for girls. It became Clarke University in 1881. In 1849, with Ireland ravaged by the Great Famine, several Irish Cistercians immigrated to Iowa to build the New Melleray Abbey in Peosta.

1850 to 1865

In 1850, Pope Pius IX separated the Minnesota Territory from the Diocese of Dubuque to form the new Diocese of St. Paul. On January 9, 1857, at Loras's request, Pius IX appointed Reverend Clement Smyth, a Trappist priest, to assist Loras as a coadjutor bishop. In early 1858, Loras started the construction of the current St. Raphael's Cathedral. When Loras died on February 19, 1958, Smyth automatically succeeded him as the second bishop of Dubuque.

As the diocese expanded, Smyth successfully recruited Irish priests to the diocese, primarily from All Hallows College in Dublin. This caused discontent among the French-born priests in Dubuque, with many of them transferring to other dioceses. In 1863, Smyth consecrated Ephraim McDonnell as the first abbot for New Melleray after the Vatican elevated to an abbey. During his episcopacy the German Catholics in Dubuque began construction of a new St. Mary's church to replace the Church of the Holy Trinity.

In 1863, during the American Civil War, Smyth learned about a branch of the Knights of the Golden Circle (KCG) in Dubuque, a secret paramilitary society with sympathies for the Confederate South. Smyth told Catholic members of KCG to either quit the organization or be excommunicated. Smyth preached a stinging sermon after the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln on April 15, 1865. That evening, an arsonist set fire to Smyth's carriage house, killing his horses and destroying his carriage and the structure.

1865 to 1893

Smyth died in 1865. On April 24, 1866, Pius IX appointed Reverend John Hennessey of Saint Louis as the third bishop of Dubuque. When he arrived in Dubuque, there were 27 priests, 30 churches, two schools and seven sisters.

During Hennessy's tenure, the population of Dubuque exploded as the Milwaukee Railroad opened a maintenance center in the city. Hennessey erected Sacred Heart, Holy Ghost, St. Anthony's, and Holy Trinity Parishes in Dubuque to deal with this population increase. In 1871, Nicholas E. Gonner, a Catholic immigrant from Luxembourg, founded the Catholic Printing Company in Dubuque, That same year, he started publishing the German language Luxemburger Gazette. In 1878, the Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis of the Holy Family relocated from Iowa City to Dubuque to staff St. Mary's Orphan Home.

Hennessy was a strong proponent of Catholic education, terming public schools as "dens of iniquity" and "gates of hell".

Both Smyth and Hennessy believed that the diocese was becoming too big and should be split up. He proposed that the Vatican erect a new diocese in southern Iowa based in Des Moines. However, in 1881, Pope Leo XIII instead erected the Diocese of Davenport in southern Iowa.

By 1891, the diocese had 203 priests, 319 churches, 615 sisters, and over 135 parochial schools with 16,257 students.

1893 to 1944

On June 15, 1893, Pope Leo XIII elevated the Diocese of Dubuque to the Archdiocese of Dubuque and Hennessey became the first archbishop. Hennessey died in 1900 and was buried in the mortuary vault that he had constructed under the cathedral. When Hennessey will was read, he had an estate of property and bank accounts exceeding $1,000,000. Since he was poor when assuming office, it was widely assumed that Hennessy had been taking money from the archdiocese.

After the death of Hennessey, Pope Pius X on July 24, 1900, appointed John J. Keane, titular archbishop of Damascus, as the second archbishop of Dubuque.

On January 15, 1902, Pius X erected the Diocese of Sioux City from the western half of the archdiocese. During his tenure as archbishop, John Keane encouraged postgraduate courses and ongoing education for priests, and doubled the faculty and buildings of St. Joseph's College. He established 12 academies for girls and two for boys in the archdiocese. Due to poor health, Keene resigned as archbishop of Dubuque in 1911.

To succeed John Keene, on August 11, 1911, Pius X appointed Bishop James Keane from the Diocese of Cheyenne as the next archbishop of Dubuque. One of James Keane's interests as archbishop was Columbia College, later called Loras College. When he came to Dubuque, Columbia had an enrollment of 330 students and a faculty of 20. By the time he died, Columbia had 700 students and 48 faculty members.

A strong believer in Catholic education, James Keane encouraged all Catholics in the archdiocese tp support the parochial schools, even if they did not have children attending them. He also started the diocesan newspaper, the Witness. In 1928, the Sisters of Mercy opened Mount Mercy Junior College in Cedar Rapids. It was a two-year college for women that in 1960 became Mount Mercy University. Keene died on August 2, 1929.

On January 17, 1930, Pope Pius XI named Bishop Francis J. Beckman from the Diocese of Lincoln as archbishop of Dubuque. Impressed with the Catholic culture he had seen in Europe, Beckman began to collect fine art pieces. The Beckman collection includes works of Winslow Homer, Rembrandt, Rubens, and Van Dyck.

In 1936, promoter Phillip Suetter convinced Beckman to invest in a gold mine in Oregon. Beckman borrowed money on promissory notes to fund the project. It soon became clear that the project was a scam. In 1941, the Vatican ordered the creation of a Special Commission on Administration, composed of three American archbishops, to take control of the archdiocese's finances. In 1942, Suetter was convicted of violating the Securities and Exchange Act. With the diocese $600,000 in debt, the archbishops recommended to Pius XII that he appoint a coadjutor archbishop to run the archdiocese.

1944 to 1984

On June 15, 1944, Pope Pius XII appointed Bishop Henry Rohlman from Davenport as coadjutor archbishop of Dubuque. When Beckman retired in 1947, Rohlman automatically succeeded him as bishop of Dubuque.

While Rohlman was archbishop, Christ the King Chapel was constructed at Loras College, St. Mary's Home for Children was built in Dubuque, and the number of priests in the archdiocese rose from 290 to 345. Rohlman, along with the other bishops in Iowa, re-established the Mount St. Bernard Seminary for the education of new priests in the province. The archdiocese built a $2.5 million home for the seminary in Dubuque.

On October 15, 1949, Pius XII named Bishop Leo Binz from the Diocese of Winona as coadjutor archbishop in Dubuque. When Rohlman retired on December 2, 1954, Binz replaced him. During his seven years as archbishop, Binz helped develop Catholic high schools in the archdiocese. He also established the North American Martyrs Retreat House in Cedar Falls, and expanded the archdiocesan branch of Catholic Charities. On December 16, 1961, Pope John XXIII named Binz as archbishop of Saint Paul.

John XXIII nominated Bishop James Byrne from the Diocese of Boise to be the next archbishop of Dubuque on March 7, 1962. After the Second Vatican Council (1962 to 1965), Byrne implemented many of its reforms in the archdiocese, including a priests senate, a clergy advisory board, and an advisory board for the assignment of priests to parishes. In 1964, the Trappist sisters founded Our Lady of the Mississippi Abbey in Dubuque.

1983 to present

Byrne retired from office on August 23, 1983. On December 20, 1983, Pope John Paul II appointed Bishop Daniel Kucera of the Diocese of Salina as the eighth archbishop of Dubuque.

In 1987, Kucera launched a plan that divided the archdiocese into three regions with a resident bishop in each. The Dubuque Region was served by retired Archbishop James Byrne and Archbishop Kucera; the Cedar Rapids Region by Bishop Francis Dunn, and Waterloo Region by William Franklin who was consecrated as a bishop in April 1987. However, Bishop Kucera eventually dropped the plan after the death of Bishop Dunn in 1989 and Bishop Franklin's nomination as the head of the Diocese of Davenport.

In 1986 the archdiocese celebrated the 150th anniversary of its founding. John Paul II named Bishop Jerome Hanus from the Diocese of St. Cloud as coadjutor archbishop in Dubuque on August 23, 1994. When retired on October 16, 1995, Hanus became archbishop.

As archbishop, Hanus implemented a strategic planning process throughout the archdiocese. He sent videotaped messages to all the parishes to be played at mass. Parishioners were given opportunities to respond and express their own views. Hanus then issued a vision statement, which spelled out his plans for the archdiocese. These plans included an increased role for the laity in leadership roles, necessitated by the priest shortage and the changing demographics of the archdiocese. These conditions also forced Hanus to combine and close a number of parishes.

After Hanus retired in 2013, Pope Francis on April 8, 2013 appointed Bishop Michael Jackels from the Diocese of Wichita as the next archbishop of Dubuque. On April 24, 2023, a cardiac condition forced Jackels to immediately retire as archbishop. Francis appointed Bishop Emeritus Richard Pates from Des Moines to serve as the apostolic administrator, running the archdiocese.

On July 26, 2023, Francis appointed Thomas Zinkula from Davenport as the eleventh archbishop of Dubuque. As of October 2024, he is the current archbishop of Dubuque

Early parishes

St. John the Baptist

Founded in 1874, St. John the Baptist parish is now part of the St. Elizabeth Pastorate, a cluster of parishes in northern Dubuque County, Iowa. In July 1874, Bishop Hennessy granted Catholic residents of Centralia permission to build St. John the Baptist Church. They laid the cornerstone in the fall of 1874 and Reverend George W. Heer became the first pastor in 1875. When the railroad came through neighboring Peosta, Archbishop John Keane decided in 1923 to move St. John there. During the winter, parishioners would travel to services by horse-drawn bobsled. In 1989, the parish dedicated a new church building.

St. Francis

Founded in 1891, St. Francis Parish in Balltown is now part of the St. John Baptist de La Salle Pastorate. The parish traces its history to 1858 when area Catholics petitioned Bishop Loras to establish a parish for them. Loras visited Balltown and offered mass in a log cabin. In 1891, parishioners built a brick building to house a school and a convent. and established a cemetery. The school opened in September 1891 with 45 children. The priest celebrated mass in a small sanctuary adjoining the schoolroom.

In 1892, the parish laid the cornerstone for the St. Francis Church building. On August 27, 1976, the church was destroyed by fire. The parish built a new church, demolishing the old convent building to make room for it.

Ss. Peter and Paul

Founded in 1852, Ss. Peter and Paul Parish in Sherrill, Iowa, is now part of the St. John Baptist de La Salle Pastorate.

Before the parish was founded, its Catholics had to travel 15 miles by ox-team to Dubuque to attend mass. With the influx of German Catholic immigrants to the area, Bishop Loras established the St. William Parish in Sherrill. It was renamed Ss. Peter and Paul Parish in 1860. In 1889, the parish replaced its original wood church with the current brick and stone Romanesque Revival structure. During the 1970s, the parish removed the original carved wood altars from the church and painted over its 19th-century wood trim.

Stained glass panel at Ss Peter and Paul Church. *Geschenk von* means "gift of". Catharina Gansemer was the donor.

For over 100 years, the Franciscan Sisters of Perpetual Adoration (FSPA) of La Crosse, Wisconsin, operated the parish school. The school is now consolidated in Sherrill with the parish school from Balltown.

Others

Other early parishes in the diocese include St. Mary's, Sacred Heart, and Holy Ghost.

Bishops

Bishops of Dubuque

Mathias Loras (1837–1858)
Clement Smyth, OCSO (1858–1865)
John Hennessy (1866–1893), elevated to Archbishop

Archbishops of Dubuque

John Hennessy (1893–1900)
John Keane (1900–1911)
James Keane (1911–1929)
Francis Beckman (1930–1946)
Henry Rohlman (1946–1954; Coadjutor 1944–1946)
Leo Binz (1954–1961), appointed Archbishop of Saint Paul and Minneapolis
James Byrne (1962–1983)
Daniel Kucera, OSB (1983–1995)
Jerome Hanus, OSB (1995–2013; Coadjutor 1994–1995)
Michael Owen Jackels (2013–2023)
Thomas Robert Zinkula (2023-present)

Auxiliary bishops

Edward Aloysius Fitzgerald (1946–1949), appointed Bishop of Winona
Loras Thomas Lane (1951–1956), appointed Bishop of Rockford
George Biskup (1957–1965), appointed Bishop of Des Moines and later Archbishop of Indianapolis
Loras Joseph Watters (1965–1969), appointed Bishop of Winona
Francis John Dunn (1969–1989)
William Edwin Franklin (1987–1993), appointed Bishop of Davenport

Other diocesan priests who became bishops

Joseph Crétin, appointed Bishop of Saint Paul in 1850
Jean-Antoine-Marie Pelamourgues, appointed Bishop of Saint Paul in 1858; did not take effect
Henry Cosgrove, appointed Bishop of Davenport in 1884
Thomas Mathias Lenihan, appointed Bishop of Cheyenne in 1896
Mathias Clement Lenihan, appointed Bishop of Great Falls in 1904
John Patrick Carroll, appointed Bishop of Helena in 1904 (he was born in Dubuque, but was a priest of Cleveland before he became a bishop)
Daniel Mary Gorman, appointed Bishop of Boise in 1918
Thomas William Drumm, appointed Bishop of Des Moines in 1919
Edward Howard, appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Davenport in 1923 and later Archbishop of Oregon City
Louis Benedict Kucera, appointed Bishop of Lincoln in 1930
Joseph Clement Willging, appointed Bishop of Pueblo in 1941
James Vincent Casey, appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Lincoln in 1957
Raymond Philip Etteldorf, appointed Apostolic Delegate to New Zealand in 1968 and later an official of the (Vatican) Secretariat of State
Justin Albert Driscoll, appointed Bishop of Fargo in 1970
Thomas Robert Zinkula, appointed Bishop of Davenport in 2017 and later Archbishop of Dubuque.
William Michael Joensen, appointed Bishop of Des Moines in 2019

Notable priests

Reverend William Menster served as chaplain on US Navy Admiral Richard E. Byrd's fourth expedition to Antarctica in 1946. Menster became the first priest to set foot on the continent, and consecrated it in 1947.
US Navy Chaplain Reverend Aloysius Schmitt posthumously received the Navy and Marine Corps Medal and the Silver Star for his heroic service in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, during the December 7, 1941 attack by the Imperial Japanese Navy. Stationed aboard the battleship USS Oklahoma, he was trapped below decks with other sailors when the ship capsized after being hit by torpedoes. With only a small porthole available for escape, Schmitt insisted on staying behind to help the other sailors escape. He was the first American chaplain to die in World War II.

Education

Main article: List of schools of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dubuque

In the Archdiocese of Dubuque, the Catholic schools are all part of the Holy Family system. The archdiocese has three Catholic colleges: Loras College and Clarke University in Dubuque and Mount Mercy University in Cedar Rapids.

Sexual abuse crisis

Main article: Sexual abuse scandal in Dubuque archdiocese

The Archdiocese of Dubuque, as with many other archdioceses and dioceses in the US, has been affected by the Catholic Church sexual abuse crisis in the United States. Although a large settlement was paid to victims by Archbishop Jerome Hanus in 2006, cases continue to surface and be litigated.

References

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"November Day by Day".
Noguchi, Chieko (2023-07-26). "Pope Francis Appoints Bishop Thomas Zinkula as Archbishop of Dubuque". United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Retrieved 2023-12-23.
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"Loras College | private, liberal arts, Catholic | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2024-10-14.
"About Mary Frances Clarke". Clarke University. Retrieved 2024-10-14.
"History – New Melleray". Retrieved 2023-09-07.
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Luby, S.D. Dubuque, Archdiocese of (Dubuquensis) New Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. IV (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967) 1084
Shea, John Gilmary (1892). A history of the Catholic church within the limits of the United States. New York: John G. Shea. p. 645. ISBN 9780665502842.
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Luby, S.D. Dubuque, Archdiocese of (Dubuquensis) New Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. IV (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967) 1084
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^ Coogan, M. Jane (1981). "Dubuque's First Archbishop: The Image and the Man". Records of the American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia. 92 (1/4): 59–90. ISSN 0002-7790.
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"HENNESSY, John - Encyclopedia Dubuque". www.encyclopediadubuque.org. Retrieved 2024-10-20.
"History Part 2: February 1858 – March 1900". Cathedral of St. Raphael & St. Patrick Church. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
^ "Archbishop John Joseph Keane [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved 2024-10-15.
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Dubuque". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

Sources

Hoffman, Mathias M., Centennial History of the Archdiocese of Dubuque, Columbia College Press, Dubuque, Iowa, 1938.

External links

Official website
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dubuque Schools at the Wayback Machine (archive index)

Places adjacent to Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dubuque

Diocese of Winona-Rochester

Diocese of La Crosse

Diocese of Sioux City

Archdiocese of Dubuque

Diocese of Madison

Diocese of Des Moines

Diocese of Davenport

Diocese of Rockford

v t e Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dubuque
Ordinaries	Bishops Mathias Loras Clement Smyth Archbishops John Hennessy John Keane James Keane Francis Beckman Henry Rohlman Leo Binz James Byrne Daniel Kucera Jerome Hanus Michael Jackels Thomas Robert Zinkula
Auxiliary bishops	Edward Aloysius Fitzgerald Loras Thomas Lane George Biskup Loras Joseph Watters Francis John Dunn William Edwin Franklin
Churches	Cathedral St. Raphael's Cathedral, Dubuque Parishes Basilica of St. Francis Xavier, Dyersville St. John XXIII, Cedar Rapids Holy Ghost, Dubuque Holy Trinity, Luxemburg Sacred Heart, Dubuque Sacred Heart, Fillmore St. Boniface, New Vienna St. Donatus, St. Donatus St. Joseph, Elkader St. Joseph, Key West Saint Joseph the Worker, Dubuque St. Martin, Cascade St. Mary, Guttenberg St. Patrick, Dubuque St. Patrick, Garryowen St. Lawrence, Otter Creek St. Paul, Worthington Saints Peter and Paul, Petersburg Former parishes Saint Joseph's Prairie Church St. Mary, Dubuque St. Joseph, Stone City
Education	Higher education Clarke University Divine Word College Loras College Mount Mercy University St. Pius X Seminary, Dubuque High schools Beckman High School, Dyersville Columbus High School, Waterloo Don Bosco High School, Gilbertville Marquette High School, Bellevue Newman Catholic High School, Mason City Wahlert High School, Dubuque Xavier High School, Cedar Rapids Primary schools Mazzuchelli Middle School, Dubuque Holy Family Catholic Schools, Dubuque St. Mary's School, Guttenberg Former schools Sacred Heart School, Dubuque St. Luke's School, St. Lucas
Religious orders	New Melleray Abbey Our Lady of the Mississippi Abbey Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Priests	John George Alleman John Patrick Carroll James Vincent Casey Joseph Crétin Justin Albert Driscoll Thomas William Drumm Raymond Philip Etteldorf Daniel Mary Gorman Edward Howard William Michael Joensen Louis Benedict Kucera Mathias Clement Lenihan Thomas Mathias Lenihan William Menster J. A. M. Pelamourgues Aloysius Schmitt Joseph Clement Willging Thomas Zinkula
Miscellany	Mount Saint Bernard Seminary and Barn Our Mother of Sorrows Grotto Historic District
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v t e Roman Catholic Ecclesiastical Province of Dubuque
Dioceses	Archdiocese of Dubuque Diocese of Davenport Diocese of Des Moines Diocese of Sioux City
Cathedrals	St. Raphael’s Cathedral, Dubuque Sacred Heart Cathedral, Davenport St. Ambrose Cathedral, Des Moines Cathedral of the Epiphany, Sioux City
Basilicas	Basilica of St. John, Des Moines Basilica of St. Francis Xavier, Dyersville
Higher education	Briar Cliff University Clarke University Loras College Mount Mercy University St. Ambrose University St. Pius X Seminary
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