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| The term "phenome" was independently coined by two groups in the late 1990s (Mahner and Kary, 1997, J Theor Biol, 186, 55-63; Varki et al., 1998, Science, 282, 239-240), and then used in several contexts and publications over the next five years (Paigen and Eppig, 2000, Mamm Genome, 11, 715-7; Nevo, 2001, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 98, 6233-40; Walhout et al., 2002, Curr Biol, 12, 1952-8; Freimer and Sabatti, 2003, Nat Genet, 34, 15-21; Bogue, 2003, J Appl Physiol, 95, 1335-7; Edwards and Batley, 2004, Trends Biotechnol, 22, 232-7; Scriver, 2004, J Inherit Metab Dis, 27, 305-17). Discussions among those who had used the term up to 2003 suggested the following definition: “The body of information describing an organism's phenotypes, under the influences of genetic and environmental factors”(Varki and Altheide, 2005, Genome Res, 15, 1746-58). In practice, the term still lacks a universally accepted definition, and is not yet found in standard dictionaries. Regardless, it is now increasingly used in many scholarly publications. | |||
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| Thus, a '''phenome''' is the set of all ]s expressed by a ], ], ], ], or ]. A phenome includes phenotypic traits due to either ] influences. | |||
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| Just as the ] and ] signify all of an organism's genes and proteins, the phenome represents the sum total of its phenotypic traits. Some examples of human phenotypes are skin color, eye color, height, or specific personality characteristics. Phenotypic differences between individuals can be due to environmental influences, genetic variation such as ]s (SNPs), or a combination of the two. ] is the study of the nature of phenotypes and how they are determined, particularly when studied in relation to the set of all genes (genomics) or all proteins (proteomics). | |||
| == See also == | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| == External links == | |||
| * at the ] | |||
| * : an openfree Phenome portal. | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
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