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{{Short description|Town in Northland, New Zealand}} | |||
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{{use New Zealand English|date=April 2022}} | |||
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{{Infobox settlement | |||
] | |||
|name = Kawakawa | |||
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|motto = Train Town | |||
] | |||
|subdivision_type = Country | |||
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|subdivision_name = New Zealand | |||
'''Kawakawa''' is a small town in the ] of northern ]. It had a population of 1350 at the 2006 census, down from 1401 in 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/census/2006-census-data/final-counts/northland-region.htm|title=Final counts – census night and census usually resident populations, and occupied dwellings - Far North District|publisher=]}}</ref> Kawakawa developed as a service town when coal was found in the area in 1861, but there is no longer coal mining here. The economy is based around farming. <ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/Places/Northland/NorthlandPlaces/9/en|title=The Waiōmio valley|encyclopedia=]}}</ref> | |||
|subdivision_type1= Region | |||
|subdivision_name1= ] | |||
|subdivision_type2= District | |||
|subdivision_name2= ] | |||
|subdivision_type3= Ward | |||
|subdivision_name3= Bay of Islands-Whangaroa Ward | |||
|subdivision_type4= Community | |||
|subdivision_name4= Bay of Islands-Whangaroa | |||
|subdivision_type5= Subdivision | |||
|subdivision_name5= Kawakawa-Moerewa | |||
|leader_title = Territorial Authority | |||
|leader_name = ] | |||
|leader_title1 = Regional council | |||
|leader_name1 = ] | |||
|leader_title2 = ] | |||
|leader_name2 = {{NZ officeholder data|Far North District Mayor|y}} | |||
|leader_title3 = ] | |||
|leader_name3 = {{NZ officeholder data|Northland MP|y}} | |||
|leader_title4 = ] | |||
|leader_name4 = {{NZ officeholder data|Te Tai Tokerau MP|y}} | |||
|seat_type = Electorates | |||
|seat = {{ubl|]|]}} | |||
|image_map = {{infobox mapframe|coord={{coord|35|22|48|S|174|4|8|E}}|zoom=10}} | |||
|coordinates = {{coord|35|22|48|S|174|4|8|E|region:NZ_type:city|display=it}} | |||
|area_total_km2 = 1.73 | |||
|area_footnotes = <ref name="Area"/> | |||
|population_total = {{NZ population data 2018|Kawakawa|y}} | |||
|population_as_of = {{NZ population data 2018|||y}} | |||
|population_footnotes = {{NZ population data 2018||||y}} | |||
|population_density_km2 = auto | |||
|postal_code_type= ] | |||
|postal_code= 0210 | |||
|image_skyline= File:Kawakawa Main Street (2203683008).jpg | |||
|caption = The main street of Kawakawa | |||
}} | |||
'''Kawakawa''' is a small town in the ] area of the ] of New Zealand. Kawakawa developed as a service town when coal was found there in the 1860s, but coal mining ceased in the early 20th century. The economy is now based on farming.<ref name=TeAra9/> The town is named after the ] shrub.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/keyword/kawakawa|title=Kawakawa, New Zealand history online|website=nzhistory.govt.nz|language=en|access-date=11 November 2018}}</ref> | |||
==History and culture== | |||
The town is known as "Train town", because the ] runs down the middle of its main street on the way to ] (service is currently suspended). | |||
Kawakawa started developing as a town with the mining of coal, which was discovered there in 1861.<ref name=TeAra9>{{cite encyclopedia |url= https://teara.govt.nz/en/northland-places/page-9 |title=Northland places – The Waiōmio valley |encyclopedia=] |date=4 May 2015 |access-date=13 January 2019}}</ref> A horse-drawn tramway was opened in 1868 to carry coal from the mines to the ] wharf. In 1871 two steam locomotives were acquired and the tramway was upgraded to railway standard. In 1884 a ] was opened, and this replaced the line to Taumarere wharf. The area was a location for the late 19th/early 20th century ] digging trade.<ref name="HaywardGum">{{cite book |last1=Hayward |first1=Bruce W. |author-link1=Bruce Hayward |title=Kauri Gum and the Gumdiggers |publisher=The Bush Press |date=1989 |isbn=0-908608-39-X |page=4}}</ref> | |||
The town is also famous for its public ]s, designed by ]n ] ], who was a resident of the town from ] until his death in ]. Another attraction is the nearby Kawiti ] Caves at Waiomio. | |||
By 1899 there were about 1,000 residents in the town, which was built mainly on the hillside. In 1899 a fire destroyed all but a few of the buildings. The town was rebuilt on the flat, alongside the railway tracks. The present ] was built in 1911.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.bayofislandsvintagerailway.org.nz/about-boivr/our-history/ |title=Our history |publisher=Bay of Islands Vintage Railway Trust |access-date=13 January 2019}}</ref> | |||
==Education== | |||
] is a full primary (years 1-8) school with a roll of 310.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tki.org.nz/e/schools/display_school_info.php?school_id=1033|title=Te Kete Ipurangi|publisher=]}}</ref> | |||
A railway line south to ] was completed in 1911. Coal mining ceased at Kawakawa in the early 20th century. | |||
] is a secondary (years 9-15) school with a roll of 422.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tki.org.nz/e/schools/display_school_info.php?school_id=8|title=Te Kete Ipurangi|publisher=]}}</ref>. It takes students from around the Bay of Islands and middle Northland, with 85% of its students travelling daily by bus to attend.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boic.school.nz/prospect.htm|title=Bay of Islands College - School Information}}</ref> | |||
The ] headquarters were in Kawakawa<ref name=TeAra9/> until the county was disestablished in 1989. | |||
Both schools have a decile rating of 1, and are coeducational. | |||
== |
===Marae=== | ||
Kawakawa has four ] affiliated with ] of ], all based approximately 5 km south of the township in Waiomio. Mohinui Marae and its Hohourongo meeting house are affiliated with ] and ]. Kawiti Marae and Te Tawai Riri Maihi Kawiti meeting house, Miria Marae and Te Rapunga meeting house and Te Kotahitanga and its meeting house of the same name are also connected to ].<ref name="tkmentry">{{cite web|title=Te Kāhui Māngai directory|url= http://www.tkm.govt.nz/ |website=tkm.govt.nz|publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="maorimaps">{{cite web |title=Māori Maps |url=https://maorimaps.com/map |website=maorimaps.com |publisher=Te Potiki National Trust}}</ref>{{tertiary source inline|date=November 2024}} | |||
{{reflist}} | |||
==External links== | |||
* | |||
In October 2020, the Government committed $297,133 from the ] to upgrade Mohinui Marae, creating 3 jobs. It also committed $168,084 to upgrade Miria Marae, creating 14 jobs.<ref name="maraepgf">{{cite web |title=Marae Announcements |url=https://www.growregions.govt.nz/assets/funding-announcements/marae-announcements.xlsx |website=growregions.govt.nz |publisher=] |format=Excel |date=9 October 2020}}</ref>{{primarysourceinline|date=October 2024}} | |||
{{coor title dm|35|23|S|174|04|E|region:NZ_type:city}} | |||
==Demographics== | |||
{{Northland-geo-stub}} | |||
Kawakawa covers {{Convert|1.73|km2||abbr=on}}<ref name="Area">{{Cite web|title=ArcGIS Web Application|url=https://statsnz.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=6f49867abe464f86ac7526552fe19787| access-date=14 April 2022|website=statsnz.maps.arcgis.com}}</ref> and had an estimated population of {{NZ population data 2018|Kawakawa|y}} as of {{NZ population data 2018|||y|y||,}} with a population density of {{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Kawakawa|y}}|R}}/1.73|0}} people per km<sup>2</sup>. | |||
{{Historical populations|2006|1,326|2013|1,215|2018|1,464|2023|1,482|percentages=pagr|align=left|source=<ref name="Census 2018">{{NZ census 2018|Kawakawa (104600)|kawakawa|Kawakawa}}</ref><ref name="Census 2023"/>}} | |||
] | |||
Kawakawa had a population of 1,482 in the ], an increase of 18 people (1.2%) since the ], and an increase of 267 people (22.0%) since the ]. There were 729 males, 750 females and 6 people of ] in 465 dwellings.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs=2023%20Census%2C0%7CTotals%20by%20topic%23CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%23&pg=0&fc=Variable%20codes&bp=true&snb=9&df=ds-nsiws-disseminate&df=CEN23_TBT_005&df=STATSNZ&df=1.0&dq=doTotal%2Bdo1.1037.2023&ly=CEN23_TBT_DWD_003|publisher=Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer|access-date=3 October 2024|title=Totals by topic for dwellings, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses}}</ref> 2.0% of people identified as ]. The median age was 34.2 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 363 people (24.5%) aged under 15 years, 276 (18.6%) aged 15 to 29, 660 (44.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 177 (11.9%) aged 65 or older.<ref name="Census 2023"/> | |||
] | |||
People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 45.3% ] (]), 71.1% ], 6.9% ], 5.7% ], and 1.2% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 96.2%, Māori language by 26.9%, Samoan by 0.8%, and other languages by 6.7%. No language could be spoken by 1.8% (e.g. too young to talk). ] was known by 0.4%. The percentage of people born overseas was 10.7, compared with 28.8% nationally. | |||
] | |||
] | |||
Religious affiliations were 32.2% ], 2.0% ], 1.0% ], 5.7% ], 0.2% ], 0.2% ], and 1.4% other religions. People who answered that they had ] were 52.2%, and 5.9% of people did not answer the census question. | |||
] | |||
] | |||
Of those at least 15 years old, 120 (10.7%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 663 (59.2%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 306 (27.3%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $33,000, compared with $41,500 nationally. 48 people (4.3%) earned over $100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 549 (49.1%) people were employed full-time, 132 (11.8%) were part-time, and 78 (7.0%) were unemployed.<ref name="Census 2023">{{Cite web|url=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs=2023%20Census%2C0%7CTotals%20by%20topic%23CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%23&pg=0&fc=Variable%20codes&bp=true&snb=9&df=ds-nsiws-disseminate&df=CEN23_TBT_008&df=STATSNZ&df=1.0&dq=hq011%2Bhq010%2Bhq009%2Bhq008%2Bhq007%2Bhq006%2Bhq005%2Bhq004%2Bhq003%2Bhq002%2Bhq001%2Bhq000%2Bws1%2Bsp99%2Bra80%2Bra08%2Bra07%2Bra06%2Bra05%2Bra01%2Bra04%2Bra03%2Bra02%2Bra00%2Brb1%2Bls66%2Bls03%2Bls02%2Bls05%2Bls04%2Bls01%2Beg6%2Beg5%2Beg4%2Beg3%2Beg2%2Beg1%2BbiTotal%2Bbi0%2Bbi1%2BasTotalLG%2Bas4%2Bas3%2Bas2%2Bas1%2Bws4%2Bws3%2Bws2%2Bge3%2Bge2%2Bge1%2Brc%2BasMed%2BegTotal%2BlsTotal%2BgeTotal%2BrbTotal%2BraTotal%2BhqTotal%2BibTotal%2Bibmed%2BwsTotal.1037.2013%2B2018%2B2023&to=false&ly=CEN23_TBT_IND_003&ly=CEN23_YEAR_001|publisher=Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer|access-date=3 October 2024|title=Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses|at=Kawakawa (1037)}}</ref> | |||
==Features== | |||
] | |||
The town is known as "Train Town", because the ] runs down the middle of its main street on the former ] railway line. {{Convert|8|km}} of the {{Convert|17|km}} track reopened in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jasons.co.nz/kawakawa|title=Kawakawa Travel Guide |publisher=]}}</ref> ] follows part of the railway. | |||
The town is also famous for its ], designed by Austrian artist ], who was a resident of the town from 1975 until his death in 2000.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nelmes Bissett |first1=Amy |title=Toilet tourism: Hundertwasser's Kawakawa throne is flush with visitors |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/travel/toilet-tourism-hundertwassers-kawakawa-throne-is-flush-with-visitors/MF24JIBGHCV54E3MY3BTSQZBQI/ |publisher=] |date=4 February 2019 |access-date=25 May 2021}}</ref> | |||
The Kawiti ] caves at nearby Waiomio are also an attraction. | |||
== Education == | |||
Kawakawa Primary School is a full primary (years 1–8) school with a roll of {{NZ school roll data|1033|y}} students.<ref>{{TKI|1033|Kawakawa Primary school}}</ref> | |||
Bay of Islands College is a secondary (years 9–13) school with a roll of {{NZ school roll data|8|y}} students.<ref>{{TKI|8|Bay of Islands College}}</ref> It takes students from around the Bay of Islands and middle Northland, with 85% of its students travelling daily by bus to attend.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boic.school.nz/prospect.htm |title=Bay of Islands College – School Information |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808022151/http://www.boic.school.nz/prospect.htm |archive-date=8 August 2007 }}</ref> | |||
Te Mirumiru Early Childhood Education Centre, adjacent to the Kawakawa Office, includes bilingual units teaching in ]. | |||
Te Kohanga Reo o Kawakawa, a whanau driven, early childhood centre immersed in the maori language | |||
Both schools are coeducational. Rolls are as of {{NZ school roll data|||y|y||.}} | |||
Karetu School is located nearby, in ]. | |||
== Notable people == | |||
*] – professor | |||
*] – politician | |||
*] – rugby player | |||
*] – politician | |||
*] – politician | |||
*] – rugby coach | |||
*] – community leader | |||
*] – rugby player | |||
== References == | |||
{{Reflist}} | |||
== External links == | |||
{{Commons category}} | |||
* | |||
{{Authority control}} | |||
{{Far North District}} | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] |
Latest revision as of 01:51, 2 January 2025
Town in Northland, New ZealandPlace in Northland Region, New Zealand
Kawakawa | |
---|---|
The main street of Kawakawa | |
Motto: Train Town | |
Coordinates: 35°22′48″S 174°4′8″E / 35.38000°S 174.06889°E / -35.38000; 174.06889 | |
Country | New Zealand |
Region | Northland Region |
District | Far North District |
Ward | Bay of Islands-Whangaroa Ward |
Community | Bay of Islands-Whangaroa |
Subdivision | Kawakawa-Moerewa |
Electorates | |
Government | |
• Territorial Authority | Far North District Council |
• Regional council | Northland Regional Council |
• Mayor of Far North | Moko Tepania |
• Northland MP | Grant McCallum |
• Te Tai Tokerau MP | Mariameno Kapa-Kingi |
Area | |
• Total | 1.73 km (0.67 sq mi) |
Population | |
• Total | 1,630 |
• Density | 940/km (2,400/sq mi) |
Postcode(s) | 0210 |
Kawakawa is a small town in the Bay of Islands area of the Northland Region of New Zealand. Kawakawa developed as a service town when coal was found there in the 1860s, but coal mining ceased in the early 20th century. The economy is now based on farming. The town is named after the kawakawa shrub.
History and culture
Kawakawa started developing as a town with the mining of coal, which was discovered there in 1861. A horse-drawn tramway was opened in 1868 to carry coal from the mines to the Taumarere wharf. In 1871 two steam locomotives were acquired and the tramway was upgraded to railway standard. In 1884 a railway line from Kawakawa to Opua was opened, and this replaced the line to Taumarere wharf. The area was a location for the late 19th/early 20th century kauri gum digging trade.
By 1899 there were about 1,000 residents in the town, which was built mainly on the hillside. In 1899 a fire destroyed all but a few of the buildings. The town was rebuilt on the flat, alongside the railway tracks. The present railway station was built in 1911.
A railway line south to Whangārei was completed in 1911. Coal mining ceased at Kawakawa in the early 20th century.
The Bay of Islands County headquarters were in Kawakawa until the county was disestablished in 1989.
Marae
Kawakawa has four marae affiliated with hapū of Ngāpuhi, all based approximately 5 km south of the township in Waiomio. Mohinui Marae and its Hohourongo meeting house are affiliated with Ngāti Hine and Ngāti Kahu o Torongare. Kawiti Marae and Te Tawai Riri Maihi Kawiti meeting house, Miria Marae and Te Rapunga meeting house and Te Kotahitanga and its meeting house of the same name are also connected to Ngāti Hine.
In October 2020, the Government committed $297,133 from the Provincial Growth Fund to upgrade Mohinui Marae, creating 3 jobs. It also committed $168,084 to upgrade Miria Marae, creating 14 jobs.
Demographics
Kawakawa covers 1.73 km (0.67 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 1,630 as of June 2024, with a population density of 942 people per km.
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
2006 | 1,326 | — |
2013 | 1,215 | −1.24% |
2018 | 1,464 | +3.80% |
2023 | 1,482 | +0.24% |
Source: |
Kawakawa had a population of 1,482 in the 2023 New Zealand census, an increase of 18 people (1.2%) since the 2018 census, and an increase of 267 people (22.0%) since the 2013 census. There were 729 males, 750 females and 6 people of other genders in 465 dwellings. 2.0% of people identified as LGBTIQ+. The median age was 34.2 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 363 people (24.5%) aged under 15 years, 276 (18.6%) aged 15 to 29, 660 (44.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 177 (11.9%) aged 65 or older.
People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 45.3% European (Pākehā), 71.1% Māori, 6.9% Pasifika, 5.7% Asian, and 1.2% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 96.2%, Māori language by 26.9%, Samoan by 0.8%, and other languages by 6.7%. No language could be spoken by 1.8% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.4%. The percentage of people born overseas was 10.7, compared with 28.8% nationally.
Religious affiliations were 32.2% Christian, 2.0% Hindu, 1.0% Islam, 5.7% Māori religious beliefs, 0.2% New Age, 0.2% Jewish, and 1.4% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 52.2%, and 5.9% of people did not answer the census question.
Of those at least 15 years old, 120 (10.7%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 663 (59.2%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 306 (27.3%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $33,000, compared with $41,500 nationally. 48 people (4.3%) earned over $100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 549 (49.1%) people were employed full-time, 132 (11.8%) were part-time, and 78 (7.0%) were unemployed.
Features
The town is known as "Train Town", because the Bay of Islands Vintage Railway runs down the middle of its main street on the former Opua Branch railway line. 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) of the 17 kilometres (11 mi) track reopened in 2008. Pou Herenga Tai – Twin Coast Cycle Trail follows part of the railway.
The town is also famous for its Hundertwasser toilet block, designed by Austrian artist Friedensreich Hundertwasser, who was a resident of the town from 1975 until his death in 2000.
The Kawiti glowworm caves at nearby Waiomio are also an attraction.
Education
Kawakawa Primary School is a full primary (years 1–8) school with a roll of 224 students.
Bay of Islands College is a secondary (years 9–13) school with a roll of 421 students. It takes students from around the Bay of Islands and middle Northland, with 85% of its students travelling daily by bus to attend.
Te Mirumiru Early Childhood Education Centre, adjacent to the Kawakawa Office, includes bilingual units teaching in Māori language.
Te Kohanga Reo o Kawakawa, a whanau driven, early childhood centre immersed in the maori language
Both schools are coeducational. Rolls are as of November 2024.
Karetu School is located nearby, in Karetu.
Notable people
- Terryann Clark – professor
- Kelvin Davis – politician
- Jack Goodhue – rugby player
- Pita Paraone – politician
- Willow-Jean Prime – politician
- Joe Schmidt – rugby coach
- Noma Shepherd – community leader
- Telusa Veainu – rugby player
References
- ^ "ArcGIS Web Application". statsnz.maps.arcgis.com. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
- ^ "Aotearoa Data Explorer". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
- ^ "Northland places – The Waiōmio valley". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. 4 May 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
- "Kawakawa, New Zealand history online". nzhistory.govt.nz. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
- Hayward, Bruce W. (1989). Kauri Gum and the Gumdiggers. The Bush Press. p. 4. ISBN 0-908608-39-X.
- "Our history". Bay of Islands Vintage Railway Trust. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
- "Te Kāhui Māngai directory". tkm.govt.nz. Te Puni Kōkiri.
- "Māori Maps". maorimaps.com. Te Potiki National Trust.
- "Marae Announcements" (Excel). growregions.govt.nz. Provincial Growth Fund. 9 October 2020.
- "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Kawakawa (104600). 2018 Census place summary: Kawakawa
- ^ "Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses". Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer. Kawakawa (1037). Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- "Totals by topic for dwellings, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses". Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- "Kawakawa Travel Guide". Jasons Travel Media.
- Nelmes Bissett, Amy (4 February 2019). "Toilet tourism: Hundertwasser's Kawakawa throne is flush with visitors". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
- Education Counts: Kawakawa Primary school
- Education Counts: Bay of Islands College
- "Bay of Islands College – School Information". Archived from the original on 8 August 2007.
- "New Zealand Schools Directory". New Zealand Ministry of Education. Retrieved 1 January 2025.