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{{Short description|American film producer (born 1970)}}
{{sprotected2}}'''Don Murphy''' is an ] ] who rose to prominence with the film '']''. He is seen as a producer who, while hard to work with, has a drive to get results. Murphy grew up in ] and attended film school at the ]. He collaborated with ] to set up JD Productions, and he later created his own company, Angry Films. He was attached as a producer to the 2007 big-budget film '']'', though he was criticized by the studios for using his personal website as a vehicle for ''Transformers'' fans to discuss the film, which had numerous negative postings. Murphy has several films in development with Angry Films.
{{Distinguish|Dion Murphy}}
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{{Infobox person
| name = Don Murphy
| image = ProducerDonMurphy.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1970|4}}
| birth_place = New York
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| other_names =
| known_for = {{ubl|'']'' (1994)|'']'' (2003)|'']'' (2007)|'']'' (2009)}}
| education =
| alma_mater = {{ubl|]|]}}
| employer =
| occupation = Film Producer
| title =
| height =
| party =
| boards =
| spouse =
| partner =
| children =
| parents =
| relations =
| signature =
| website = {{url|http://www.angryfilmsentertainment.com/}}
| footnotes =
}}


'''Don Murphy''' (born April 1970) is an American film producer who produced '']'', '']'', '']'' and many other films, including '']'' and '']'' and the upcoming re-imagining of the ] franchise.
==Personal life==
Don Murphy grew up in ] in the 1970s,<ref name="new york times">{{cite news |first=Laura M. |last=Holson |authorlink= |author= |coauthors= |title= Fans Get to Talk About ' Transformers ,' and the Knives Are Unsheathed |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/09/business/media/09fans.html?pagewanted=1 |format= |work=] |publisher=] |location=New York |id= |pages= |page= |date=] |accessdate=2008-03-16 |language= |quote= |archiveurl= |archivedate= }}</ref> He was an undergraduate student at ], where he was the film critic for the school's newspaper and also the head of the student film program. Though he almost attended ],<ref name="la weekly">{{cite news |first=Paul |last=Cullum |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=The Misfits |url=http://www.laweekly.com/news/features/the-misfits/3407/ |work=] |publisher=] |date=] |accessdate=2008-03-16 }}</ref> he instead attended the ] at the ] with ].<ref>{{cite news |first=Craig |last=Lindsey |authorlink= |author= |coauthors= |title=Producer crafts petty Hollywood stab-and-tell story |url= |format= |work=] |publisher=] |location=Texas |id= |pages= |page= |date=] |accessdate=2008-03-16 |language= |quote= |archiveurl= |archivedate= }}</ref> He has been called a "comic-book lover".<ref name="new york times"/> Murphy has called Springsteen cover of "]" a favorite and also explained, "There's a lot of weird strange music I like." His favorite old-school film is '']'', and his favorite new-school film is '']''. He also enjoys watching the TV show '']''. His favorite books include '']'' and '']''.<ref name="ign"/> Murphy is 6'2" tall and has an Irish background.<ref name="la weekly"/>


==Personal background==
Murphy collaborated with Hamsher in writing her book, ''Killer Instinct'', about their roles as producers in '']'' and beyond. Director ], who scripted ''Natural Born Killers'', was given an "unflattering portrayal", and the director attacked Murphy at a Los Angeles restaurant in October 1997.<ref>{{cite news |first=Mark |last=Caro |authorlink= |author= |coauthors= |title=Gunning for Tarantino |url= |format= |work=] |publisher=] |location=Illinois |id= |pages= |page= |date=] |accessdate=2008-03-16 |language= |quote= |archiveurl= |archivedate= }}</ref> ] brokered a truce between the two, and no charges were filed, though Murphy was reported to consider legal action.<ref>{{cite news |first=Joel |last=Stein |authorlink= |author= |coauthors= |title=Live Pulp |url= |format= |work=] |publisher=] |location= |id= |pages= |page= |date=] |accessdate=2008-03-16 |language= |quote= |archiveurl= |archivedate= }}</ref> Murphy later said of the ordeal, "I didn't say I wished Quentin Tarantino was dead. I didn't say I wanted him dead. I just said I'd celebrate his death."<ref>{{cite news |first=Joel |last=Stein |authorlink= |author= |coauthors= |title= Sound Bites 1990-2000 |url= |format= |work=] |publisher=] |location= |id= |pages= |page= |date=] |accessdate=2008-03-16 |language= |quote= |archiveurl= |archivedate= }}</ref>
Born in April 1970, Murphy grew up in ] and was educated at ] in ]. He attended ] and received a Bachelor of Science in ] (BSBA) from the ].<ref name="DonMurphy">{{cite web|author=Don Murphy|url=http://www.donmurphy.net/bio.html|title=Human Stuff: Secret Biography|work=DonMurphy.net|publisher=Angry Films (Don Murphy)|date=2008|access-date=November 22, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090322192956/http://donmurphy.net/bio.html|archive-date=March 22, 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="usc">{{cite web | url=http://cinema.usc.edu/about/events/event_20090319.htm | title=Outside the Box presents: While She Was Out | work=cinema.usc.edu | publisher=] | access-date=July 15, 2011 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090328131654/http://cinema.usc.edu/about/events/event_20090319.htm | archive-date=March 28, 2009 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Having excelled academically, he was accepted into ].<ref name="hits" />


Murphy was the film critic for the Georgetown school newspaper, '']'', for three years, and in summer jobs at his father's advertising agency worked on ad campaigns for such films as '']'' (1981), '']'' (1981) and '']'' (1981).<ref name="DonMurphy" /><ref name="hits">{{cite news | last=Hamill | first=Denis | url=http://www.nydailynews.com/ny_local/queens/2009/10/20/2009-10-20_producer_transforms.html | title=Producer transforms kid stuff into Hollywood hits | work=] | date=October 20, 2009 }}</ref> In 1986 Murphy realized that his calling lay in films rather than law; he enrolled in the School of Cinema-Television (now named ]) in California, where he had classmates including eventual directors ], ], ], and ], and received a Master of Fine Arts.<ref name="usc" /><ref name="hits" />
Murphy is married to Susan Montford, with whom he has professionally partnered. He is also friends with ], a director who also attended USC in the 1980s.<ref name="la weekly"/>

He is married to ], a film director, film producer, and screenwriter with whom he frequently collaborates.<ref name="DonMurphy" /><ref name="hits" />


==Career== ==Career==
After completing the graduate film program, Murphy teamed with ] to produce '']'' based on a ] written by ], who was then unknown. Director ] committed to direct the film, and he installed Murphy and Hamsher as on-set producers, which was described as "the equivalent of a crash course in filmmaking". Murphy said, "We wouldn't be where we are if not for Oliver."<ref>{{cite news | last=Cullum | first=Paul | url=http://www.laweekly.com/2002-11-21/news/the-misfits | title=The Misfits: Don Murphy and the Angry Smiley Face | work=] | date=November 21, 2002 }}</ref> The film attracted attention upon release in 1994, and Hamsher documented the producers' involvement in the film in the best-selling book ''Killer Instinct''.<ref name="usc" />
Don Murphy partnered with University of Southern California ] to form JD Productions. They rose to prominence as producers of the controversial 1994 film '']'', the making of which Hamsher later chronicled in her book ''Killer Instinct''. JD Productions continued to produce a string of films including the 1998 films '']'' and '']''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imdb.com/company/co0044968/ |title=JD Productions |accessdate=2008-03-16 |format= |work=] }}</ref> Don Murphy formed his own company, Angry Films, in 1998.<ref name="ign">{{cite news |first=Stax |last= |authorlink= |author= |coauthors= |title=10 Questions: Don Murphy |url=http://movies.ign.com/articles/380/380337p1.html |format= |work=] |publisher=] |location= |id= |pages= |page= |date=] |accessdate=2008-03-16 |language= |quote= |archiveurl= |archivedate= }}</ref> The company's first production was '']'' in 2003. The company's sophomore effort was '']'' in 2007. Don Murphy and his Angry Films are involved in developing numerous projects, including:
*A film adaptation of the comic book miniseries '']''<ref>{{cite news |first=Claude |last=Brodesser |authorlink= |author= |coauthors=Ben Fritz |title=New Line takes on 'We3' killer cuties |url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117924066.html?categoryid=1238&cs=1 |format= |work=] |publisher=] |location= |id= |pages= |page= |date=] |accessdate=2008-03-16 |language= |quote= |archiveurl= |archivedate= }}</ref>
*A film adaptation of '']'', a 1999 BBC miniseries<ref>{{cite news |first=Diane |last=Garrett |authorlink= |author= |coauthors= |title=Universal eyes 'Sight' |url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117963982.html?categoryid=1970&cs=1 |format= |work=] |publisher=] |location= |id= |pages= |page= |date=] |accessdate=2008-03-16 |language= |quote= |archiveurl= |archivedate= }}</ref>
*A film adaptation of the TV series '']''<ref>{{cite news |first=Peter |last=Gilstrap |authorlink= |author= |coauthors= |title=Bruckheimer finds his 'Gemini Man' |url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117964381.html?categoryid=1236&cs=1 |format= |work=] |publisher=] |location= |id= |pages= |page= |date=] |accessdate=2008-03-16 |language= |quote= |archiveurl= |archivedate= }}</ref>
*A film adaptation of '']''<ref name="la weekly"/>
*''Speed Tribes'', an update of the 1969 film '']''<ref name="la weekly"/>


In 1998, Murphy formed the production company Angry Films.<ref name="ign">{{cite news | url=http://movies.ign.com/articles/380/380337p1.html | title=10 Questions: Don Murphy | work=movies.ign.com | publisher=] | date=December 17, 2002 | access-date=April 24, 2010 }}</ref> He had an opportunity to see an unfinished cut of '']'', which was directed by Singer, a classmate from USC. They decided to work together on '']'', based on a ] novella and released in 1998.<ref name="hits" /> Murphy then worked as producer on the 2001 film '']''; its director, ], was not impressed with the original screenplay, but committed to the film after Murphy encouraged him to read the book.<ref>{{cite news | last=Malanowski | first=Jamie | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/08/movies/film-larry-clark-moralist-in-the-florida-suburbs.html?pagewanted=1 | title=Film; Larry Clark, Moralist, In the Florida Suburbs | work=] | date=July 8, 2001 }}</ref> Murphy also grew interested in adapting graphic novels by ], such as '']'' and '']'', for film. He produced the movie '']'', directed by the ] and released in 2001,<ref>{{cite journal | last=Thompson | first=Anne | url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/search/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1001843484 | title=For producer Murphy, 'no' is not an answer | journal=] | date=January 13, 2006 | access-date=April 24, 2010 }}</ref> as well as the film '']'', directed by ] and released in 2003.<ref>{{cite news | last=Membery | first=York | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/may/12/filmnews.film | title=Stand aside Marvel, the Victorian superhero lives again | work=] | date=May 12, 2002 }}</ref>
===Reputation===
Don Murphy is infamous as an "angry young producer" who started his career strongly with ''Natural Born Killers''.<ref name="hollywood reporter">{{cite news |first=Anne |last=Thompson |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=For producer Murphy, 'no' is not an answer |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/search/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1001843484 |work=] |publisher=] |date=] |accessdate=2008-03-16 }}</ref> Murphy acknowledged, "I know what my reputation is in town—difficult, great taste, gets movies made. To me, that's fine. I'm not trying to win a popularity contest." Director ] said of the producer, "I think he's a great producer and a really good guy. I like him a lot." Screenwriter ] had his own take: "He certainly wants to make good movies, but I think he's trying to appeal to his own sense of what's good and what's not, and he really doesn't give a shit what other people think. Sometimes it makes him reckless, and sometimes it makes him his own worst enemy, but he really fights for this, and he doesn't care about the politics. The funny thing is, he's actually a huge softie." Screenwriter ] compared Murphy to mavericks ] and ], explaining, "Don's a throwback to the old days of the bombastic, bellicose, belligerent producer. Takes no shit from anybody. Does not suffer fools gladly. But at the same time, he has this incredible taste for the most out-there, insane stuff." Murphy did not get along well with Bill Mechanic in producing ''The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen'', which had resulted in Murphy's ban from the set. Mechanic said of the ordeal, There were some behavioral issues, in terms of what I thought was inappropriate for somebody who was making a movie for us. But, Don and I made peace."<ref name="la weekly"/>


Murphy and producer ] optioned rights to the ] toy line from ] and pitched it to Hollywood studios. According to Murphy, the studios passed initially, but then began to express interest after further internal meetings involving younger staff, from the generation who had played with Transformers in their childhood.<ref name="hits" /> ] and producer ] pursued the property, and ] got involved.<ref>{{cite news | last=Halbfinger | first=David M. | url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D04E5D7173EF933A05755C0A9619C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=2 | title=How a Fan of Comic Books Transformed Himself into a Hollywood Player | work=] | date=June 30, 2007 }}</ref> DreamWorks executive ] proposed the idea to ], who took the project and convinced ] to direct the film. '']'' was released in 2007 and was a major box office success.<ref name="hits" /> During production, Murphy hosted a forum on his personal website so Transformers fans could discuss the film and make suggestions, enabling them to influence the film's script and casting. However, the forum remained Murphy's personal project, rather than an official site for the film, partly due to his corporate partners' unease about how the website might be perceived.<ref>{{cite news | last=Holson | first=Laura M. | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/09/business/media/09fans.html?_r=1&adxnnl=1&pagewanted=1&adxnnlx=1272110491-Jbuvo5hqsAtSvIA+LKKsBg | title=Fans Get to Talk About 'Transformers', and the Knives Are Unsheathed | work=] | date=July 9, 2007 }}</ref> Murphy was also one of the originating producers of the 2009 sequel '']''.
Murphy accepts the reputation he has found in Hollywood: "'You have the best taste in town, you actually get movies made, but you can be hard to handle.' It's an assessment I can live with, especially since I'm not sure which good producer in Hollywood is easy to handle. Talent goes a long way, but tenacity is the only way a film gets made." His drive to pursue his interest in comic books has been a successful endeavor for him. Murphy introduced the graphic novel '']'', which was produced into a ]. Murphy explained his foresight: "The established properties with valuable names were already tapped. DC and Marvel have 100 properties each with good stories, but you wouldn't know what they were. If something is a good idea, it doesn't matter where it comes from." The producer also attracted attention to the graphic novel '']'', which is currently in development under director ]. Murphy has also produced what '']'' calls "edgy production pieces" such as '']'' and '']'' (2001). Murphy's personal ambition is to film ''A Cool Breeze on the Underground'', which had struggled in ] with numerous actors attached to the project.<ref name="hollywood reporter" />

===''Transformers'' involvement===
In June 2003, Murphy set up a forum on his personal website, donmurphy.net, to foment discussion among fans about the then-upcoming film ''Transformers''. Murphy said of his goal, "With ''Transformers'', we had this really rabid following. To be frank, I wanted to have some way where we could at least hear what people think." Murphy's behavior on the forum was viewed as combative, and Murphy described his approach: "I had my own persona, the angry sheriff. I will mock fans if that is what I have to do." He and fellow producer ] shopped a ] based on the ] toy line with little success. When ] later sought to develop ''Transformers'', ] purchased Murphy and DeSanto's treatment and set up a partnership between ] and Paramount to co-finance the project. Murphy and DeSanto were both named producers for ''Transformers''. With Murphy's active involvement, the studios expressed concern about how donmurphy.net might be perceived. As a result, Murphy distanced his website from the studios with an official disclaimer. In 2007, however, Murphy was nearly forced to shut down the website when "vitriolic fans criticized every aspect of the production".<ref name="new york times"/> According to ''The New York Times'', "Don Murphy... is widely reviled by executives at Paramount and DreamWorks for allowing his personal Web site (donmurphy.net) to be used by ''Transformers'' fans to attack the two studios, and the movie's lead producer, Lorenzo di Bonaventura, in vicious personal terms... Asked if he would offer an apology to Mr. di Bonaventura for the nasty posts, Mr. Murphy, whose production company is called Angry Films, bluntly said, 'Nope.'"<ref>{{cite news |first=David M. |last=Halbfinger |authorlink= |author= |coauthors= |title=How a Fan of Comic Books Transformed Himself Into a Hollywood Player |url= |format= |work=] |publisher=] |location=New York |id= |pages= |page= |date=] |accessdate=2008-03-16 |language= |quote= |archiveurl= |archivedate= }}</ref>

Director ] of ''Transformers'' criticized on his own message board that Murphy and DeSanto had tried to claim creative credit for the film. Though the post was removed shortly after, its appearance and removal was revealed on fan sites and blogs. With producer di Bonaventura's publicist questioning the coverage of Murphy and DeSanto, Paramount issued a statement to ''The New York Times'', crediting only producers di Bonaventura and Bryce as doing work on ''Transformers''. In an interview, Murphy did not claim creative credit but instead identified himself as a "liaison" to ''Transformers'' fans.<ref name="new york times"/>


==Filmography== ==Filmography==
'''Producer'''
Don Murphy has been involved as a producer in the following films:
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}

* ''Monday Morning'' (1990) * '']'' (1994)
* '']'' (1994) * '']'' (1994)
* '']'' (1994)
* '']'' (1998) * '']'' (1998)
* '']'' (1998) * '']'' (1998)
* '']'' (2001) * '']'' (2001)
* '']'' (2001) * '']'' (2001)
* '']'' (2003) * '']'' (2003)
* '']'' (2007) * '']'' (2007)
* '']'' (2007) * '']'' (2007)
* '']'' (unknown) * '']'' (2008)
* '']'' (2009)
* '']'' (2011)
* '']'' (2011)
* '']'' (2014)
* '']'' (2014)
* '']'' (2017)
* '']'' (2018)
* '']'' (2023)
* '']'' (2024)
* ''] ''(2024)
{{div col end}}


'''Executive producer'''
Murphy has also made minor appearances in two films, including an uncredited appearance as a prison guard in ''Natural Born Killers'' and as "Creep at Restaurant" in the 1998 film '']''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0006613/ |title=Don Murphy (III) |accessdate=2008-03-16 |format= |work=] }}</ref>
* ''Monday Morning'' (1990)
* '']'' (2010)
* '']'' (2019)


== References == ==References==
{{Reflist}} {{reflist}}


== Further reading == ==Further reading==
* {{Cite book|author=], ], ], and ] (introd.)|title=Natural Born Killers: A Novel: The Strange Wild Ride of Mickey and Mallory Knox|publisher=New York: ] (])|date=1994|isbn=978-0-451-18323-1}}
*{{cite book |title=Killer Instinct |last=Hamsher |first=Jane |authorlink=Jane Hamsher |coauthors= |year=1998 |publisher=Broadway |location= |isbn=0767900758 |pages= }}
* {{Cite book|author=]|title=Killer Instinct: How Two Young Producers Took On Hollywood and Made the Most Controversial Film of the Decade|publisher=New York: ]|date=1997|isbn=978-0-553-06914-3}}
* {{Cite book|author=]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jXH5ttbMLxYC&q=Natural+Born+Killers|title=Natural Born Killers: The Original Screenplay|format=]|publisher=New York: ]|date=2000|access-date=November 18, 2008|isbn= 978-0-8021-3448-6}} (] preview.)


== External links == ==External links==
* * ''''&nbsp;– Don Murphy's official Website, published by Angry Films
* (US) at the ]
* {{imdb|0006613}}
* {{IMDb name|0006613}}
* at IMDb
*


{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Murphy, Don}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Murphy, Don}}
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Latest revision as of 09:09, 8 March 2024

American film producer (born 1970) Not to be confused with Dion Murphy.

Don Murphy
BornApril 1970 (age 54)
New York
Alma mater
OccupationFilm Producer
Known for
Websitewww.angryfilmsentertainment.com

Don Murphy (born April 1970) is an American film producer who produced Natural Born Killers, Real Steel, Splice and many other films, including Transformers and Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen and the upcoming re-imagining of the Faces of Death franchise.

Personal background

Born in April 1970, Murphy grew up in Hicksville, New York and was educated at Chaminade High School in Mineola, New York. He attended Georgetown University and received a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (BSBA) from the McDonough School of Business. Having excelled academically, he was accepted into Georgetown Law.

Murphy was the film critic for the Georgetown school newspaper, The Hoya, for three years, and in summer jobs at his father's advertising agency worked on ad campaigns for such films as Blow Out (1981), Under the Rainbow (1981) and Ragtime (1981). In 1986 Murphy realized that his calling lay in films rather than law; he enrolled in the School of Cinema-Television (now named USC School of Cinematic Arts) in California, where he had classmates including eventual directors Bryan Singer, Jon Turteltaub, Gary Fleder, and Stephen Sommers, and received a Master of Fine Arts.

He is married to Susan Montford, a film director, film producer, and screenwriter with whom he frequently collaborates.

Career

After completing the graduate film program, Murphy teamed with Jane Hamsher to produce Natural Born Killers based on a script written by Quentin Tarantino, who was then unknown. Director Oliver Stone committed to direct the film, and he installed Murphy and Hamsher as on-set producers, which was described as "the equivalent of a crash course in filmmaking". Murphy said, "We wouldn't be where we are if not for Oliver." The film attracted attention upon release in 1994, and Hamsher documented the producers' involvement in the film in the best-selling book Killer Instinct.

In 1998, Murphy formed the production company Angry Films. He had an opportunity to see an unfinished cut of The Usual Suspects, which was directed by Singer, a classmate from USC. They decided to work together on Apt Pupil, based on a Stephen King novella and released in 1998. Murphy then worked as producer on the 2001 film Bully; its director, Larry Clark, was not impressed with the original screenplay, but committed to the film after Murphy encouraged him to read the book. Murphy also grew interested in adapting graphic novels by Alan Moore, such as From Hell and The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, for film. He produced the movie From Hell, directed by the Hughes Brothers and released in 2001, as well as the film The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, directed by Stephen Norrington and released in 2003.

Murphy and producer Tom DeSanto optioned rights to the Transformers toy line from Hasbro and pitched it to Hollywood studios. According to Murphy, the studios passed initially, but then began to express interest after further internal meetings involving younger staff, from the generation who had played with Transformers in their childhood. Paramount Pictures and producer Lorenzo di Bonaventura pursued the property, and DreamWorks got involved. DreamWorks executive Michael De Luca proposed the idea to Steven Spielberg, who took the project and convinced Michael Bay to direct the film. Transformers was released in 2007 and was a major box office success. During production, Murphy hosted a forum on his personal website so Transformers fans could discuss the film and make suggestions, enabling them to influence the film's script and casting. However, the forum remained Murphy's personal project, rather than an official site for the film, partly due to his corporate partners' unease about how the website might be perceived. Murphy was also one of the originating producers of the 2009 sequel Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen.

Filmography

Producer

Executive producer

References

  1. ^ Don Murphy (2008). "Human Stuff: Secret Biography". DonMurphy.net. Angry Films (Don Murphy). Archived from the original on March 22, 2009. Retrieved November 22, 2008.
  2. ^ "Outside the Box [Office] presents: While She Was Out". cinema.usc.edu. University of Southern California. Archived from the original on March 28, 2009. Retrieved July 15, 2011.
  3. ^ Hamill, Denis (October 20, 2009). "Producer transforms kid stuff into Hollywood hits". Daily News.
  4. Cullum, Paul (November 21, 2002). "The Misfits: Don Murphy and the Angry Smiley Face". LA Weekly.
  5. "10 Questions: Don Murphy". movies.ign.com. IGN. December 17, 2002. Retrieved April 24, 2010.
  6. Malanowski, Jamie (July 8, 2001). "Film; Larry Clark, Moralist, In the Florida Suburbs". The New York Times.
  7. Thompson, Anne (January 13, 2006). "For producer Murphy, 'no' is not an answer". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 24, 2010.
  8. Membery, York (May 12, 2002). "Stand aside Marvel, the Victorian superhero lives again". The Guardian.
  9. Halbfinger, David M. (June 30, 2007). "How a Fan of Comic Books Transformed Himself into a Hollywood Player". The New York Times.
  10. Holson, Laura M. (July 9, 2007). "Fans Get to Talk About 'Transformers', and the Knives Are Unsheathed". The New York Times.

Further reading

External links

Categories: