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{{short description|American rock band}}
{{sections|date=February 2008}}
{{Distinguish|Turtles (South Korean band)}}
{{Infobox musical artist |
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2020}}
| Name = The Turtles
{{Infobox musical artist
| Background = group_or_band
| Img = | name = The Turtles
| Img_capt = | image = The Turtles.png
| image_size =
| Alias = The Tyrtles, The Turtles featuring Flo & Eddie
| Years_active = 1965 – 1970, 1984 - Present | landscape = yes
| caption = The Turtles in 1967 (left to right): Al Nichol, ], ], ], Jim Tucker, ]
| Origin = ]
| Genre = ]<br/>] | background = group_or_band
|Label(s) = ] | alias = *The Nightriders (1963)
*The Crossfires (1963–1965)
| URL =
| Associated_acts = ] | origin = ], California, U.S.
| genre = {{Hlist|]<ref name=Bush>{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-turtles-mn0000564239/biography |title=The Turtles |last=Bush |first=John |publisher=Allmusic |access-date=September 20, 2021}}</ref>|]<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PtpkCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA347 |last=Simmonds |first=Jeremy |year=2012 |title=The Encyclopedia of Dead Rock Stars |publisher=Chicago Review Press |page=347 |isbn=978-1613744789}}</ref>}}
| Current_members = ]<br>]
| discography = ]
| Past_members = ]<br>]<br>]<br>]<br>]<br>]<br>]<br>]<br>]
| years_active = * 1965–1970<br />1983–present ("featuring Flo & Eddie")
| label = ], ]
| website = {{URL|theturtles.com}}
| current_members = {{unbulleted list|]|]}}
| past_members = {{unbulleted list|]|Al Nichol|Jim Tucker|Chuck Portz|]|]|]|]|]|]}}
}} }}


'''The Turtles''' are an American rock band formed in ], California in 1965. The band achieved several ] hits throughout the latter half of the 1960s, including "]" (1965), "]" (1966), "]" (1967), "]" (1967), "]" (1968), and "]" (1969).<ref name="rs">{{cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/artists/theturtles/biography |title=The Turtles Biography |year=2004 |publisher=Rolling Stone |access-date=December 24, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915225240/http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/theturtles/biography |archive-date=September 15, 2008}}</ref>
'''The Turtles''' were an ] ], ] and ] band, defined by a good-natured, joyously melancholic and occasionally cheeky sound. A precursor to the ] of the late 1960s and a foil to the more self-consciously hip and "serious" acts of the era, the Turtles produced at least a dozen memorable, radio-friendly chart singles but remain best known for 1967's "]" with ] on vocals.


The original six members were ], ], Al Nichol, Jim Tucker, Chuck Portz, and ], with subsequent members being ], ], ], ], and ]. As the Turtles' commercial success waned by the end of the 1960s, they became plagued with management problems, lawsuits and conflicts with their label, ], leading the group to break up in 1970. Kaylan and Volman then joined ], where, for contractual reasons, they performed under the name ] (Volman as Flo, Kaylan as Eddie). After leaving Zappa at the end of 1971, Kaylan and Volman continued to perform under the Flo & Eddie name, becoming popular as a ] act, and also went onto long-lasting success as ]s. In 1983, Kaylan and Volman began touring as '''The Turtles featuring Flo & Eddie'''. Kaylan ceased touring in 2018, while Volman continues to tour with the Turtles.
==History==
At the start of 1967 a heavy touring schedule combined with a lack of recent chart success convinced drummer ] and then bassist ] to quit the group. They were replaced by ] and then ] on drums, and by ] on bass. It occurred to the band that for eight months they had been performing a certain song on stage that, while moderately popular with the fans, had yet to be recorded. The first of several key Turtles singles co-written by ] and ], "Happy Together" seemed almost a parody of itself, and had already been rejected by countless performers. "Happy Together," both their biggest hit and their signature song, signaled a turning point for the Turtles and for Chip Douglas, who provided the arrangement. With its incessant and infectious guitar riff, addictive chorus and backing vocals, simple drum and organ parts, and even an oboe playing along during the second chorus, "Happy Together" is perhaps the quintessential example of fresh, feel-good 1960s American pop despite its somewhat ironic tone and the fact that its verses are in a minor key. The single replaced ]' "]" at number one on the ] in the spring of 1967. Their only number one, it remained at the top for three weeks. An album of the same name followed and peaked at number 25.


== History ==
Impressed by Chip Douglas's studio arrangements, ] ] approached him after a Turtles show at the ] and invited him to become the Monkees' new producer, as that band wanted to break out of their "manufactured" studio mold. Douglas accepted, left the Turtles and was replaced by bassist/singer ]. 1967 proved to be the Turtles' most successful year in the charts. "She'd Rather Be With Me" reached number 3 on the US charts in late spring and actually out-charted "Happy Together" overseas. Two successive top-15 gems followed: the singularly lush and pretty ballad "You Know What I Mean" and the playfully ] and gleefully adolescent "She's My Girl". Both ]s signaled a certain shift in the band’s style. ''Golden Hits'' was released later that year, charting in the top 10. (The album covers for ''Golden Hits'' and its follow up ''Golden Hits Vol 2'' were designed by ] of Jan & Dean fame and his company, Kittyhawk Graphics.)
=== 1963–1966: Formation, initial success and first personnel changes ===
==== The Nightriders, the Crossfires and the Tyrtles ====
In early 1963, New Yorker ] and Californian ] attended the same school, ] in ] (Kaylan had moved from ] as a child). The two sang in the school's a cappella choir, where Volman soon heard about Kaylan's instrumental ] band, '''the Nightriders''', which included Kaylan on saxophone and choir members Al Nichol on lead guitar, ] on drums and Chuck Portz on bass. Volman joined the group as a saxophonist, just before the group changed its name to '''the Crossfires''' in the same year. After high school graduation, the band continued on while its members attended area colleges, picking up rhythm guitarist Jim Tucker as a sixth member along the way.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bush|first=John|title=The Turtles {{!}} Biography, Albums, Streaming Links|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-turtles-mn0000564239|access-date=2021-03-04|website=AllMusic|language=en}}</ref>


They released a single, "Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde" b/w "Fiberglass Jungle", on the local "Capco Records" label, always in 1963. With the help of ] and ] DJ and club owner ], the Crossfires signed to the newly formed ]. Adhering to the prevailing musical trend, the group rebranded itself as a ] band under the name '''the Tyrtles''', an intentionally stylized misspelling inspired by ] and ]. However, the trendy spelling did not survive long, and they had to name themselves '''the Turtles'''.<ref name="Larkin">{{cite book|title=]|date=1997|publisher=]|isbn=1-85227-745-9|editor=Colin Larkin|editor-link=Colin Larkin (writer)|edition=Concise|page=1196}}</ref>
1968 started without a bang. The first two singles, "Sound Asleep" and "The Story of Rock and Roll", stalled somewhere in the middle of the top 100. The band's fortunes changed when now hugely successful Monkees producer Chip Douglas returned to work with them in the studio. Late in 1968 the Turtles released a ] called '']'', in which the group pretended to be eleven different bands (with names like 'The Bigg Brothers', 'Nature's Children', 'The US Teens featuring Raoul', and 'The Fabulous Dawgs'), each with a song in a different genre. The album yielded two distinctive singles: "Elenore" and "You Showed Me" (both peaking at number six). The blissful-sounding "Elenore" is likely the only Top Ten single to contain the words '']'' in its lyrics, and allegedly was the band's tongue-in-cheek response to White Whale's demands for more songs like "Happy Together". (Howard Kaylan confirmed this account in a live interview on XM Radio's 60s channel on ], ].) The breathy-trippy 1969 hit "You Showed Me" was written by Byrds members ] and ] in 1964. Television appearances in 1968 include a February 26 visit to ], to which they returned in April 1969.


Because of the stylistic change from "Surf music" to "Folk rock", Kaylan and Volman dropped the saxophones to become the band's vocalists. Kaylan became the group's lead singer, and keyboardist (although he would give up most of the keyboard parts to Nichol in their hits). Volman began to harmonize with Kaylan's lead singing becoming a third guitarist, as well as a percussionist, for the band.
Kaylan and Volman resisted White Whale's efforts to turn the Turtles into something more like an assembly-line-style pop act -- the label apparently encouraged Kaylan and Volman to fire the rest of the band, tour with hired musicians, and make records by adding their vocals to backing tracks recorded by Memphis session players. Such pressure did convince the band to record a single called "Who Would Ever Think That I Would Ever Marry Margaret" (which they totally disowned after its release). But the duo's adherence to their own vision ultimately resulted in the 1969 release '']'', a critically well-received LP produced by ] of ]. Inspired by the revered 1968 concept album '']'', this was Davies’s only ever production work for another band. Kaylan and Volman insisted the whole band share in the writing and singing. Notable tracks include the ethereal and introspective "Somewhere Friday Nite" and the rather failed single "Love in the City". In spite of '' Turtle Soup'''s positive reception from the music press, its commercial success was marginal and the band soon began disintegrating.


==== "It Ain't Me Babe" and "You Baby" ====
The Turtles wound down their career with a ] and rarities album, '']'' (1969), and a second compilation album, ''More Golden Hits'' (1970). With the demise of The Turtles, ] was left with few, if any, commercially viable bands, and ceased operation.
As with the Byrds, the Turtles achieved breakthrough success with a cover of a ] song. "]" reached the ''Billboard'' Top 10 in the late summer of 1965, and was the title track of ].<ref name="Larkin" /> "]", their second single, reached the Top 30, and "]" charted in the Top 20 in early 1966. "You Baby", with its intricate vocal harmonies and upbeat tempo, was influential in the band's sound as it departed from the political, Byrds-type folk rock;<ref name="Larkin" /><ref>{{Citation|last=Greenwald|first=Matthew|title=You Baby - The Turtles {{!}} Song Info {{!}} AllMusic|url=https://www.allmusic.com/song/you-baby-mt0004744470|language=en|access-date=2021-03-04}}</ref> the band's new sound ranged from ] to straightforward ].<ref name=Bush/>


'']'', the band's second album, failed to reach '']''{{'}}s ] chart, and of several singles released in 1966, "]" and "Can I Get to Know You Better" barely entered the ]. One single, the tough "Outside Chance", written by ], did not chart. In 1966, the Turtles made an appearance in ]'s film '']'', singing "She'll Come Back" on screen.
===Post Turtles===
]. Middle: ], ]. Bottom: Chuck Portz.]]
Kaylan and Volman (accompanied by Pons) joined the ] as "The Phlorescent Leech & Eddie", since the use of the Turtles name (and even their own names in billings) was prohibited by their contract with White Whale. ] claimed that his association with Kaylan and Volman was inspired by a DJ's comment that he could make the Mothers as big as the Turtles. "If you want to be as big as the Turtles, have a few Turtles in your band," Zappa reportedly claimed. The collaboration with Zappa lasted until a jealous fan attacked and seriously injured Zappa when the Mothers were performing at the Rainbow Theatre in December, 1971. {{Fact|date=July 2007}}
In early 1966, drummer Don Murray and bassist Chuck Portz quit the group. Murray was replaced by ] for a few months, before ] became the band's new drummer in late 1966. Portz was replaced by ] on bass.<ref name="Larkin"/>


=== 1966–1968: Peak years ===
Kaylan and Volman also sang back up vocals on several recordings by ] beginning in 1970, including their world-wide hit "]" and albums '']'' and '']''.


==== "Happy Together" ====
''']''', as they soon became known, recorded albums with the Mothers and later released a series of records on their own. They also recorded ] music for children's shows like the '']'' and '']'', and began hosting their own radio show on ] in ] and ] in ]. Flo & Eddie also are credited with backing vocals on Bruce Springsteen's single, Hungry Heart, from The River.
"]", the first of several key Turtles singles co-written by Garry Bonner and ], had been rejected by countless performers. "Happy Together", both their biggest hit and their signature song, signaled a turning point for both the Turtles and for Chip Douglas, who provided the arrangement.<ref name="Larkin" /> The single replaced the Beatles' "]" at number one on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 in the spring of 1967. The Turtles' only No.&nbsp;1 remained there for three weeks. An album of the same name followed and peaked at No.&nbsp;25. "Happy Together" reached No. 12 on the ].<ref name="betts">{{cite book|first=Graham|last=Betts|year=2004|title=Complete UK Hit Singles 1952–2004|edition=1st|publisher=Collins|location=London|isbn=0-00-717931-6|page=802}}</ref> This same year saw the Turtles performing the title song (composed by ] with lyrics by ]) for the ] ] '']''.


Impressed by Chip Douglas's studio arrangements, ] approached him after a Turtles show at the ] and invited him to become ]' producer as that band wanted to break out of their "manufactured" studio mold. Douglas accepted and left the Turtles, producing the Monkees' next three albums: '']''; '']'' (both 1967); and '']'' (1968), the last of which he co-produced with the band. Meanwhile, the Turtles continued with new bassist ] replacing Douglas.
In 1983, Howard Kaylan appeared in the rock-n-roll comedy film '']'', starring ] and ]. Kaylan played the part of 'Captain Cloud' a spiritual guru type of character, leader of a caravan of time lost gypsy-like hippies.


==== "She'd Rather Be with Me", "You Know What I Mean" and "She's My Girl" ====
When White Whale's ]s were sold at auction, the winning bidders of the Turtles masters were Kaylan and Volman, making them the owners of their own recorded work.( The duo promptly licensed the tracks to ] in 1975, who issued the compilation "Happy Together Again" .) In 1984 (see ]), they legally regained the use of the Turtles name, and began touring as '''The Turtles... Featuring Flo and Eddie'''. Instead of trying to reunite with their earlier bandmates, they began featuring ] sidemen who had played with different groups.
Other hits, all written by Gordon/Bonner, followed "Happy Together", making 1967 a lucrative year for the Turtles. A follow-up, the brassy "]", reached No. 3 on the US charts in late spring and actually out-charted "Happy Together" overseas, reaching No. 4 in the UK.<ref name="betts" /> Two successive Top 15 songs followed: "]" and "]". Both ]s showed a psychedelic side in the band's style. During that year, the band released two albums, '']'' and '']'', the former reaching the Top 30 and the latter reaching the Top 10. The similar album covers for ''Golden Hits'' and its 1970 companion '']'' were designed by ] of ].


By the end of 1967 the band were reduced to a five-piece, when rhythm guitarist Jim Tucker departed, citing the pressure of touring and recording new material. He moved to Grass Valley, California where he became an electrical contractor. He has denied that he left the band because ] was rude to him, as Kaylan later suggested.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eterritorialdispatch.blogspot.co.uk/2013/06/interview-with-turtle.html |title=eTerritorial Dispatch: Interview With A Turtle |website=Eterritorialdispatch.blogspot.co.uk |access-date=March 17, 2017}}</ref>
Also in 1984, they released a new ] CD on ], ''20 Greatest Hits'', and in ], released another, ''Turtle Wax: The Best of The Turtles, Vol. 2'', which featured the best of their "album tracks" and previously-neglected single ].


==== ''The Turtles Present the Battle of the Bands'' ====
In 1987, 'Kaylan & Volman' appeared in a new music video of their song "Happy Together" promoting the romantic comedy '']'', starring ].
], ], ], Al Nichol, ].]]
"Sound Asleep" and "The Story of Rock and Roll", the first two singles in 1968, stalled somewhere in the middle of the Top 100. The band's fortunes changed when former member Chip Douglas returned to work with them as a producer. Late in 1968 the band released a ] called '']'', in which the group pretended to be 11 different bands (with fanciful names including the Bigg Brothers, Nature's Children, the US Teens featuring Raoul, and the Fabulous Dawgs), each with a song in a different genre. The album yielded two singles: "]" and "]", both peaking at No.&nbsp;6. "Elenore" also reached No.&nbsp;7 in the UK chart.<ref name="betts"/> Although both singles were successful, they did not help to boost the album's sales, which peaked at No. 128 on the ''Billboard'' Pop Albums. The 1969 hit "You Showed Me" had been written by the Byrds' ] and ] in 1964. It was their last Top 10 single. Television appearances included a February 1968 spot on '']'', to which they returned in April 1969. 1969 saw the band undergo another personnel change, with drummer John Barbata being replaced by ].


=== 1969–1970: Commercial waning and break-up ===
The 1989 debut album by ] combo ] featured an uncredited sample from the Turtles (specifically, the intro to "You Showed Me"), in the song "Transmitting Live from Mars". Kaylan and Volman sued, winning a large settlement, setting a legal precedent, and causing the music industry to begin carefully crediting (and paying royalties for) sampled works on future rap and other recordings. As they explained, "We don't hate sampling; we like sampling. If we don't get credit, we sue, and all that stuff (a share of the royalties, plus punitive damages) comes back to us!"


==== ''Turtle Soup'' ====
In that same year, the romantic-comedy '']'' based on the musical '']'' premiered. It starred teen-heart throb ] and ]. The Turtles recording of "Happy Together" was featured in the film as well as the soundtrack album.
Towards the end of 1969, the group released its next album, '']'', a critically well-received LP produced by ] of ]. Inspired by the revered 1968 concept album '']'', this was Davies's only released production work for another band (but Davies had previously produced demo recordings for ]). Notable tracks include "Somewhere Friday Nite" and "Love in the City". In spite of ''Turtle Soup''{{'}}s positive reception from the music press, its commercial success was marginal, and the band began to disintegrate.


==== Conflicts with White Whale and disintegration ====
] released a Turtles anthology in the UK in ], ''Happy Together: The Best of the Turtles''. ] in Germany released their own compilation, titled ''Elenore'', in 1993, as well as re-releasing the original ''Happy Together'' album. Rhino Records also presented ''Captured Live'', a greatest-hits-live album of their 1992 tour, that year. ] re-released all of The Turtles' original albums in 1994, and in ] ] released ''Happy Together: The Best of White Whale Records'', which included many of the Turtles' singles.
Long disillusioned with their record label and its growing financial problems by this time, Kaylan and Volman resisted White Whale's efforts to turn the Turtles into something approaching an assembly-line pop act, like the early Monkees. The label apparently encouraged Kaylan and Volman to fire the rest of the band, tour with hired musicians and make records by adding their vocals to backing tracks recorded by ]. Such pressure convinced the band to record a single called "Who Would Ever Think That I Would Marry Margaret?", which they disowned after its release.


The Turtles wound down their career in 1970 with ''More Golden Hits'', a second compilation album, and '']'', a ] and rarities album. With the demise of the Turtles, White Whale Records lost its biggest moneymaker, had few commercially viable bands, and soon ceased operations.
==Discography==


===Post-Turtles===
'''Album'''
====1970s====
*] (as The Crossfires) (1963)
In mid-1970, Kaylan and Volman joined ]'s band ], with Pons also joining in early 1971.<ref name="Larkin"/> As well as the Turtles' name, Kaylan and Volman were unable to use their real names in billings due to them being prohibited by their contract with their label ]. Because of this, Volman and Kaylan began performing under the nicknames the Phlorescent Leech & Eddie or ] for short. Kaylan, Volman, and Pons worked with Zappa until December 1971, when the infamous attack on Zappa at the Rainbow Theatre in London left him no choice but to cease touring for a while. During their time together the former Turtles appeared on several Zappa albums, as well as starring in his 1971 film '']''. Volman and Kaylan then went on to make several duo albums, still using the Flo & Eddie name.<ref name="Larkin"/>
*] (1965)
*] (1966)
*] (1967)
*] (1968)
*] (1969)
*] (1970)


Volman and Kaylan sang backing vocals on several recordings by the band ], including their worldwide 1971 hit "]" and the albums '']'' and '']''. When White Whale's master recordings were sold at auction in 1974, the duo won the Turtles' masters, making them the owners of their own recorded work. They promptly licensed the tracks to ], which issued them as a compilation album titled ''Happy Together Again''. In the mid-1970s, Volman and Kaylan started their syndicated radio show titled ''Flo & Eddie by the Fireside'', which originated from ] in Los Angeles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.myspace.com/floandeddiebythefireside|title=Flo and Eddie by the Fireside op Myspace Music – Gratis Gestreamde MP3s, Fotos, en Videoclips|publisher=Myspace.com|access-date=January 25, 2011}}</ref>
==See also==

*]
====1980s====
In the 1980s, the duo began hosting their radio show on ] in Los Angeles and ] in New York City and recorded soundtrack music for children's shows like the '']'' and '']''. In 1980, Flo and Eddie performed backing vocals on ]'s '']'' and sang backup on ]'s "]" from his album '']''. 1982 saw the re-release of the Turtles' original albums through ].

In 1983, they also contributed backing vocals to the self-titled debut album of British ] band ], produced by ] and released by ]. Also in 1983, Howard Kaylan appeared in the comedy film '']'', starring ] and ]: Kaylan played the part of Captain Cloud, a spiritual guru, leader of a caravan of time-lost ]s. In the same year, Kaylan and Volman legally regained the use of "the Turtles" name and began touring as the Turtles Featuring Flo and Eddie; instead of trying to reunite with their earlier bandmates, they began featuring sidemen who had played with different groups. In 1984, the Turtles embarked on a U.S. Happy Together tour with ], ] and ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kingcenter.com/schedule-of-events/3244-happy-together-tour|title=HAPPY TOGETHER TOUR|website=Kingcenter.com|access-date=August 27, 2019}}</ref>

In 1987, Kaylan and Volman appeared in a music video of their 1967 song "]" to promote the romantic comedy '']''. That year also saw the debut of the previously unreleased ''Shell Shock'' album, as well as a new retrospective CD ''20 Greatest Hits'', both released by Rhino. The latter compilation was followed in 1988 with ''Turtle Wax: The Best of the Turtles, Vol. 2'', which featured the best of their "album tracks" and previously neglected single B-sides.

The 1989 debut album by ] combo ], '']'', featured an uncredited sample from the Turtles (specifically, the introduction to "You Showed Me"), in the song "Transmitting Live from Mars." Kaylan and Volman sued, winning a large settlement, setting a legal precedent, and causing the music industry to begin carefully crediting (and paying royalties for) sampled works on future rap music and other recordings in general. As they explained: "We don't hate sampling; we like sampling. If we don't get credit, we sue, and all that stuff (a share of the royalties plus punitive damages) comes back to us!" It was incorrectly reported in 2009 that Volman was involved in another lawsuit against rapper ] for an unauthorized sample; the sample of "Keep It Warm" used in Mane's "Lemonade" was cleared legitimately before the release of the song. Also in 1989, the Turtles' recording of ''Happy Together'' was featured in the eponymous romantic comedy film '']'' as well as in the film soundtrack album.

====1990s====
In 1991 Music Club Records released a Turtles' anthology in the United Kingdom: ''Happy Together: The Best of the Turtles''. In 1993, Rhino Records presented ''Captured Live'', a live album of their 1992 tour. In 1994 ] re-released all of the Turtles' original albums, and in 1999 ] released ''Happy Together: The Best of White Whale Records'', which included many of the Turtles' singles.

Original drummer ] died on March 22, 1996, at age 50.

====2000s====
In 2002, the film '']'' used their song "Happy Together" extensively as a device to portray the closeness of the two brothers Kaufman, both played by ]; this film closes with the Turtles' version over the final credit scroll and time lapse photography.

Also the 2005 film '']'', the title of which was taken from the first line of the song "Happy Together", used this song in its end credits. In 2009, a Turtles compilation CD titled ''Save the Turtles: The Turtles Greatest Hits'' was issued on their FloEdCo Record label and distributed by ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/Save-Turtles-Greatest-Hits/dp/B001TW68P4|title=Save The Turtles: The Turtles Greatest Hits: Turtles: Music|website=Amazon |access-date=January 25, 2011}}</ref>

====2010s====
Starting in the summer of 2010, the Turtles Featuring Flo & Eddie toured throughout the United States as part of the Happy Together: 25th Anniversary Tour, an ] concert series that retained the "Happy Together" moniker in subsequent years. They performed alongside other 1960s and 1970s pop stars, including ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://neufutur.com/?p=21796|title=Happy Together Tour Returns In Summer 2011|date=April 30, 2011|first=James|last=McQuistion|access-date=May 12, 2011}}</ref> The 2015 tour featured ], ], ], and ]. In 2016, the complete output of the Turtles was reissued as two box sets, titled ''The Complete Original Album Collection'' and ''All the Singles''. The expanded editions of the six albums contained in the former were issued separately in 2017.

In 2018, since Kaylan required heart and back surgery, he was told by his doctors to cease touring, so ] (a prolific session musician of ], ] and ] fame) replaced him.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bestclassicbands.com/happy-together-tour-2018-recap-6-13-18/|title=Happy Together Tour 2018: 'The Show Must Go On'|date=13 June 2015|website=Bestclassicbands.com|access-date=21 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://forward.com/culture/music/604636/mark-volman-howard-kaylan-turtles-flo-eddie-jewish-happy-together |title=A pioneering Jewish rock band got its start in 1965; they're still slowly and steadily turtling along |date=April 19, 2024 }}</ref>

====2020s====

Original rhythm guitarist Jim Tucker died on November 12, 2020, at age 74.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hooperandweavermortuary.com/2020/11/18/james-roy-tucker/ |title=James Roy Tucker|last=|first=|date=|accessdate=March 23, 2021|website=hooperandweavermortuary.com}}</ref><ref>. Retrieved November 17, 2020</ref>

Drummer John Barbata died on May 8, 2024, at age 79.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreps |first=Daniel |date=2024-05-14 |title=John Barbata, Drummer for the Turtles and Jefferson Starship, Dead at 79 |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/john-barbata-drummer-the-turtles-csny-jefferson-starship-dead-obituary-1235019260/ |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=Rolling Stone |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Personnel ==
===Current members===
* ]&nbsp;– harmony and backing vocals, guitar, percussion {{Small|(1965–1970, 1983–present)}}
* ]&nbsp;– lead vocals, guitar {{Small|(2018–present)}}

===Former members===
* ]&nbsp;– lead vocals, keyboards {{Small|(1965–1970, 1983–2018)}}
* Al Nichol&nbsp;– lead guitar, keyboards, backing vocals {{Small|(1965–1970)}}
* Jim Tucker&nbsp;– acoustic and electric rhythm guitars, backing vocals {{Small|(1965–1967; died 2020)}}
* Chuck Portz&nbsp;– bass guitar {{Small|(1965–1966)}}
* ]&nbsp;– drums {{Small|(1965–1966; died 1996)}}
* ]&nbsp;– bass guitar, backing vocals {{Small|(1966–1967)}}
* ]&nbsp;– drums {{Small|(1966)}}
* ]&nbsp;– drums, percussion {{Small|(1966–1969; died 2024)}}
* ]&nbsp;– bass guitar, backing vocals {{Small|(1967–1970)}}
* ]&nbsp;– drums {{Small|(1969–1970)}}

==== Timeline (Original incarnation of the band, 1965–1970) ====
{{#tag:timeline|
ImageSize = width:900 height:350
PlotArea = left:80 bottom:120 top:0 right:0
Alignbars = justify
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy
Period = from:01/01/1965 till:01/07/1970
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy
Legend = orientation:vertical position:bottom columns:4
ScaleMajor = increment:1 start:1965
ScaleMinor = increment:1 start:1965

Colors =
id:voc value:red legend:Vocals
id:g value:green legend:Guitars
id:key value:purple legend:Keyboards
id:b value:blue legend:Bass
id:dr value:orange legend:Drums
id:perc value:claret legend:Percussion
id:bvoc value:pink legend:Backing_vocals
id:alb value:black legend:Studio_releases

LineData =
at:01/09/1965 layer:back
at:01/03/1966
at:29/04/1967
at:01/11/1968
at:01/10/1969

PlotData =
width:11 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,–4)
bar:Howard&nbsp;Kaylan from:start till:01/07/1970 color:voc
bar:Howard&nbsp;Kaylan from:start till:01/11/1968 color:key width:3

bar:Mark&nbsp;Volman from:start till:01/07/1970 color:bvoc
bar:Mark&nbsp;Volman from:start till:01/03/1966 color:g width:7
bar:Mark&nbsp;Volman from:start till:01/10/1969 color:perc width:3

bar:Al&nbsp;Nichol from:start till:01/07/1970 color:g
bar:Al&nbsp;Nichol from:start till:01/07/1970 color:bvoc width:3
bar:Al&nbsp;Nichol from:start till:01/07/1970 color:key width:7

bar:Jim&nbsp;Tucker from:start till:01/07/1967 color:g
bar:Jim&nbsp;Tucker from:start till:01/07/1967 color:bvoc width:3

bar:Chuck&nbsp;Portz from:start till:01/07/1966 color:b

bar:Chip&nbsp;Douglas from:01/07/1966 till:01/07/1967 color:b
bar:Chip&nbsp;Douglas from:01/07/1966 till:01/07/1967 color:bvoc width:3

bar:Jim&nbsp;Pons from:01/07/1967 till:01/07/1970 color:b
bar:Jim&nbsp;Pons from:01/07/1967 till:01/07/1970 color:bvoc width:3

bar:Don&nbsp;Murray from:start till:01/05/1966 color:dr

bar:Joel&nbsp;Larson from:01/05/1966 till:01/09/1966 color:dr

bar:John&nbsp;Barbata from:01/09/1966 till:01/07/1969 color:dr
bar:John&nbsp;Barbata from:01/09/1966 till:01/07/1969 color:perc width:3

bar:John&nbsp;Seiter from:01/07/1969 till:01/07/1970 color:dr
}}

==Discography==
{{main|The Turtles discography}}
{{div col}}
* '']'' (1965)
* '']'' (1966)
* '']'' (1967)
* '']'' (1967)
* '']'' (1968)
* '']'' (1969)
* '']'' (1970)
* '']'' (1970)
{{div end}}

== See also ==
* {{Portal inline|1960s}}


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Unreferenced|date=February 2008}}
<references/>


==External links== ==External links==
* * {{Official website|http://www.theturtles.com/}}
*


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Latest revision as of 12:26, 13 January 2025

American rock band Not to be confused with Turtles (South Korean band).

The Turtles
The Turtles in 1967 (left to right): Al Nichol, Chip Douglas, Johnny Barbata, Mark Volman, Jim Tucker, Howard KaylanThe Turtles in 1967 (left to right): Al Nichol, Chip Douglas, Johnny Barbata, Mark Volman, Jim Tucker, Howard Kaylan
Background information
Also known as
  • The Nightriders (1963)
  • The Crossfires (1963–1965)
OriginLos Angeles, California, U.S.
Genres
DiscographyThe Turtles discography
Years active
  • 1965–1970
    1983–present ("featuring Flo & Eddie")
LabelsWhite Whale, Sundazed Music
Members
Past members
Websitetheturtles.com

The Turtles are an American rock band formed in Los Angeles, California in 1965. The band achieved several Top 40 hits throughout the latter half of the 1960s, including "It Ain't Me Babe" (1965), "You Baby" (1966), "Happy Together" (1967), "She'd Rather Be with Me" (1967), "Elenore" (1968), and "You Showed Me" (1969).

The original six members were Howard Kaylan, Mark Volman, Al Nichol, Jim Tucker, Chuck Portz, and Don Murray, with subsequent members being Chip Douglas, Joel Larson, Johnny Barbata, Jim Pons, and John Seiter. As the Turtles' commercial success waned by the end of the 1960s, they became plagued with management problems, lawsuits and conflicts with their label, White Whale Records, leading the group to break up in 1970. Kaylan and Volman then joined Frank Zappa and the Mothers of Invention, where, for contractual reasons, they performed under the name Flo & Eddie (Volman as Flo, Kaylan as Eddie). After leaving Zappa at the end of 1971, Kaylan and Volman continued to perform under the Flo & Eddie name, becoming popular as a comedy rock act, and also went onto long-lasting success as session musicians. In 1983, Kaylan and Volman began touring as The Turtles featuring Flo & Eddie. Kaylan ceased touring in 2018, while Volman continues to tour with the Turtles.

History

1963–1966: Formation, initial success and first personnel changes

The Nightriders, the Crossfires and the Tyrtles

In early 1963, New Yorker Howard Kaylan and Californian Mark Volman attended the same school, Westchester High in Los Angeles (Kaylan had moved from New York City as a child). The two sang in the school's a cappella choir, where Volman soon heard about Kaylan's instrumental surf music band, the Nightriders, which included Kaylan on saxophone and choir members Al Nichol on lead guitar, Don Murray on drums and Chuck Portz on bass. Volman joined the group as a saxophonist, just before the group changed its name to the Crossfires in the same year. After high school graduation, the band continued on while its members attended area colleges, picking up rhythm guitarist Jim Tucker as a sixth member along the way.

They released a single, "Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde" b/w "Fiberglass Jungle", on the local "Capco Records" label, always in 1963. With the help of KRLA and KFWB DJ and club owner Reb Foster, the Crossfires signed to the newly formed White Whale Records. Adhering to the prevailing musical trend, the group rebranded itself as a folk rock band under the name the Tyrtles, an intentionally stylized misspelling inspired by the Byrds and the Beatles. However, the trendy spelling did not survive long, and they had to name themselves the Turtles.

Because of the stylistic change from "Surf music" to "Folk rock", Kaylan and Volman dropped the saxophones to become the band's vocalists. Kaylan became the group's lead singer, and keyboardist (although he would give up most of the keyboard parts to Nichol in their hits). Volman began to harmonize with Kaylan's lead singing becoming a third guitarist, as well as a percussionist, for the band.

"It Ain't Me Babe" and "You Baby"

As with the Byrds, the Turtles achieved breakthrough success with a cover of a Bob Dylan song. "It Ain't Me Babe" reached the Billboard Top 10 in the late summer of 1965, and was the title track of the band's first album. "Let Me Be", their second single, reached the Top 30, and "You Baby" charted in the Top 20 in early 1966. "You Baby", with its intricate vocal harmonies and upbeat tempo, was influential in the band's sound as it departed from the political, Byrds-type folk rock; the band's new sound ranged from chamber pop to straightforward pop music.

You Baby, the band's second album, failed to reach Billboard's Top LPs chart, and of several singles released in 1966, "Grim Reaper of Love" and "Can I Get to Know You Better" barely entered the Billboard Hot 100. One single, the tough "Outside Chance", written by Warren Zevon, did not chart. In 1966, the Turtles made an appearance in Universal's film Out of Sight, singing "She'll Come Back" on screen.

The band in 1966. Top: Al Nichol, Jim Tucker, John Barbata. Middle: Howard Kaylan, Mark Volman. Bottom: Chuck Portz.

In early 1966, drummer Don Murray and bassist Chuck Portz quit the group. Murray was replaced by Joel Larson for a few months, before John Barbata became the band's new drummer in late 1966. Portz was replaced by Chip Douglas on bass.

1966–1968: Peak years

"Happy Together"

"Happy Together", the first of several key Turtles singles co-written by Garry Bonner and Alan Gordon, had been rejected by countless performers. "Happy Together", both their biggest hit and their signature song, signaled a turning point for both the Turtles and for Chip Douglas, who provided the arrangement. The single replaced the Beatles' "Penny Lane" at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in the spring of 1967. The Turtles' only No. 1 remained there for three weeks. An album of the same name followed and peaked at No. 25. "Happy Together" reached No. 12 on the UK Singles Chart. This same year saw the Turtles performing the title song (composed by John Williams with lyrics by Leslie Bricusse) for the Twentieth Century-Fox bedroom farce A Guide for the Married Man.

Impressed by Chip Douglas's studio arrangements, Michael Nesmith approached him after a Turtles show at the Whisky a Go Go and invited him to become the Monkees' producer as that band wanted to break out of their "manufactured" studio mold. Douglas accepted and left the Turtles, producing the Monkees' next three albums: Headquarters; Pisces, Aquarius, Capricorn & Jones Ltd. (both 1967); and The Birds, the Bees & the Monkees (1968), the last of which he co-produced with the band. Meanwhile, the Turtles continued with new bassist Jim Pons replacing Douglas.

"She'd Rather Be with Me", "You Know What I Mean" and "She's My Girl"

Other hits, all written by Gordon/Bonner, followed "Happy Together", making 1967 a lucrative year for the Turtles. A follow-up, the brassy "She'd Rather Be with Me", reached No. 3 on the US charts in late spring and actually out-charted "Happy Together" overseas, reaching No. 4 in the UK. Two successive Top 15 songs followed: "You Know What I Mean" and "She's My Girl". Both 45s showed a psychedelic side in the band's style. During that year, the band released two albums, Happy Together and Golden Hits, the former reaching the Top 30 and the latter reaching the Top 10. The similar album covers for Golden Hits and its 1970 companion More Golden Hits were designed by Dean Torrence of Jan & Dean.

By the end of 1967 the band were reduced to a five-piece, when rhythm guitarist Jim Tucker departed, citing the pressure of touring and recording new material. He moved to Grass Valley, California where he became an electrical contractor. He has denied that he left the band because John Lennon was rude to him, as Kaylan later suggested.

The Turtles Present the Battle of the Bands

The band in 1968. From left: Jim Pons, Howard Kaylan, Mark Volman, Al Nichol, John Barbata.

"Sound Asleep" and "The Story of Rock and Roll", the first two singles in 1968, stalled somewhere in the middle of the Top 100. The band's fortunes changed when former member Chip Douglas returned to work with them as a producer. Late in 1968 the band released a concept album called The Turtles Present the Battle of the Bands, in which the group pretended to be 11 different bands (with fanciful names including the Bigg Brothers, Nature's Children, the US Teens featuring Raoul, and the Fabulous Dawgs), each with a song in a different genre. The album yielded two singles: "Elenore" and "You Showed Me", both peaking at No. 6. "Elenore" also reached No. 7 in the UK chart. Although both singles were successful, they did not help to boost the album's sales, which peaked at No. 128 on the Billboard Pop Albums. The 1969 hit "You Showed Me" had been written by the Byrds' Gene Clark and Roger (then Jim) McGuinn in 1964. It was their last Top 10 single. Television appearances included a February 1968 spot on The Mike Douglas Show, to which they returned in April 1969. 1969 saw the band undergo another personnel change, with drummer John Barbata being replaced by John Seiter.

1969–1970: Commercial waning and break-up

Turtle Soup

Towards the end of 1969, the group released its next album, Turtle Soup, a critically well-received LP produced by Ray Davies of the Kinks. Inspired by the revered 1968 concept album The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society, this was Davies's only released production work for another band (but Davies had previously produced demo recordings for the Iveys). Notable tracks include "Somewhere Friday Nite" and "Love in the City". In spite of Turtle Soup's positive reception from the music press, its commercial success was marginal, and the band began to disintegrate.

Conflicts with White Whale and disintegration

Long disillusioned with their record label and its growing financial problems by this time, Kaylan and Volman resisted White Whale's efforts to turn the Turtles into something approaching an assembly-line pop act, like the early Monkees. The label apparently encouraged Kaylan and Volman to fire the rest of the band, tour with hired musicians and make records by adding their vocals to backing tracks recorded by Memphis session players. Such pressure convinced the band to record a single called "Who Would Ever Think That I Would Marry Margaret?", which they disowned after its release.

The Turtles wound down their career in 1970 with More Golden Hits, a second compilation album, and Wooden Head, a B-sides and rarities album. With the demise of the Turtles, White Whale Records lost its biggest moneymaker, had few commercially viable bands, and soon ceased operations.

Post-Turtles

1970s

In mid-1970, Kaylan and Volman joined Frank Zappa's band the Mothers of Invention, with Pons also joining in early 1971. As well as the Turtles' name, Kaylan and Volman were unable to use their real names in billings due to them being prohibited by their contract with their label White Whale Records. Because of this, Volman and Kaylan began performing under the nicknames the Phlorescent Leech & Eddie or Flo & Eddie for short. Kaylan, Volman, and Pons worked with Zappa until December 1971, when the infamous attack on Zappa at the Rainbow Theatre in London left him no choice but to cease touring for a while. During their time together the former Turtles appeared on several Zappa albums, as well as starring in his 1971 film 200 Motels. Volman and Kaylan then went on to make several duo albums, still using the Flo & Eddie name.

Volman and Kaylan sang backing vocals on several recordings by the band T. Rex, including their worldwide 1971 hit "Get It On (Bang a Gong)" and the albums Electric Warrior and The Slider. When White Whale's master recordings were sold at auction in 1974, the duo won the Turtles' masters, making them the owners of their own recorded work. They promptly licensed the tracks to Sire Records, which issued them as a compilation album titled Happy Together Again. In the mid-1970s, Volman and Kaylan started their syndicated radio show titled Flo & Eddie by the Fireside, which originated from KMET in Los Angeles.

1980s

In the 1980s, the duo began hosting their radio show on KROQ-FM in Los Angeles and WXRK in New York City and recorded soundtrack music for children's shows like the Care Bears and Strawberry Shortcake. In 1980, Flo and Eddie performed backing vocals on Alice Cooper's Flush the Fashion and sang backup on Bruce Springsteen's "Hungry Heart" from his album The River. 1982 saw the re-release of the Turtles' original albums through Rhino Records.

In 1983, they also contributed backing vocals to the self-titled debut album of British New wave band Espionage, produced by Roy Thomas Baker and released by A&M Records. Also in 1983, Howard Kaylan appeared in the comedy film Get Crazy, starring Malcolm McDowell and Daniel Stern: Kaylan played the part of Captain Cloud, a spiritual guru, leader of a caravan of time-lost hippies. In the same year, Kaylan and Volman legally regained the use of "the Turtles" name and began touring as the Turtles Featuring Flo and Eddie; instead of trying to reunite with their earlier bandmates, they began featuring sidemen who had played with different groups. In 1984, the Turtles embarked on a U.S. Happy Together tour with Gary Puckett & the Union Gap, Spanky & Our Gang and the Association.

In 1987, Kaylan and Volman appeared in a music video of their 1967 song "Happy Together" to promote the romantic comedy Making Mr. Right. That year also saw the debut of the previously unreleased Shell Shock album, as well as a new retrospective CD 20 Greatest Hits, both released by Rhino. The latter compilation was followed in 1988 with Turtle Wax: The Best of the Turtles, Vol. 2, which featured the best of their "album tracks" and previously neglected single B-sides.

The 1989 debut album by hip hop combo De La Soul, 3 Feet High and Rising, featured an uncredited sample from the Turtles (specifically, the introduction to "You Showed Me"), in the song "Transmitting Live from Mars." Kaylan and Volman sued, winning a large settlement, setting a legal precedent, and causing the music industry to begin carefully crediting (and paying royalties for) sampled works on future rap music and other recordings in general. As they explained: "We don't hate sampling; we like sampling. If we don't get credit, we sue, and all that stuff (a share of the royalties plus punitive damages) comes back to us!" It was incorrectly reported in 2009 that Volman was involved in another lawsuit against rapper Gucci Mane for an unauthorized sample; the sample of "Keep It Warm" used in Mane's "Lemonade" was cleared legitimately before the release of the song. Also in 1989, the Turtles' recording of Happy Together was featured in the eponymous romantic comedy film Happy Together as well as in the film soundtrack album.

1990s

In 1991 Music Club Records released a Turtles' anthology in the United Kingdom: Happy Together: The Best of the Turtles. In 1993, Rhino Records presented Captured Live, a live album of their 1992 tour. In 1994 Sundazed Music re-released all of the Turtles' original albums, and in 1999 Varèse Sarabande released Happy Together: The Best of White Whale Records, which included many of the Turtles' singles.

Original drummer Don Murray died on March 22, 1996, at age 50.

2000s

In 2002, the film Adaptation used their song "Happy Together" extensively as a device to portray the closeness of the two brothers Kaufman, both played by Nicolas Cage; this film closes with the Turtles' version over the final credit scroll and time lapse photography.

Also the 2005 film Imagine Me & You, the title of which was taken from the first line of the song "Happy Together", used this song in its end credits. In 2009, a Turtles compilation CD titled Save the Turtles: The Turtles Greatest Hits was issued on their FloEdCo Record label and distributed by Manifesto Records.

2010s

Starting in the summer of 2010, the Turtles Featuring Flo & Eddie toured throughout the United States as part of the Happy Together: 25th Anniversary Tour, an oldies concert series that retained the "Happy Together" moniker in subsequent years. They performed alongside other 1960s and 1970s pop stars, including Gary Puckett, Mitch Ryder, Mark Lindsay, Mark Farner, Gary Lewis, and Micky Dolenz. The 2015 tour featured the Buckinghams, the Cowsills, the Grass Roots, and the Association. In 2016, the complete output of the Turtles was reissued as two box sets, titled The Complete Original Album Collection and All the Singles. The expanded editions of the six albums contained in the former were issued separately in 2017.

In 2018, since Kaylan required heart and back surgery, he was told by his doctors to cease touring, so Ron Dante (a prolific session musician of the Archies, the Cuff Links and the Detergents fame) replaced him.

2020s

Original rhythm guitarist Jim Tucker died on November 12, 2020, at age 74.

Drummer John Barbata died on May 8, 2024, at age 79.

Personnel

Current members

  • Mark Volman – harmony and backing vocals, guitar, percussion (1965–1970, 1983–present)
  • Ron Dante – lead vocals, guitar (2018–present)

Former members

  • Howard Kaylan – lead vocals, keyboards (1965–1970, 1983–2018)
  • Al Nichol – lead guitar, keyboards, backing vocals (1965–1970)
  • Jim Tucker – acoustic and electric rhythm guitars, backing vocals (1965–1967; died 2020)
  • Chuck Portz – bass guitar (1965–1966)
  • Don Murray – drums (1965–1966; died 1996)
  • Chip Douglas – bass guitar, backing vocals (1966–1967)
  • Joel Larson – drums (1966)
  • John Barbata – drums, percussion (1966–1969; died 2024)
  • Jim Pons – bass guitar, backing vocals (1967–1970)
  • John Seiter – drums (1969–1970)

Timeline (Original incarnation of the band, 1965–1970)

Discography

Main article: The Turtles discography

See also

References

  1. ^ Bush, John. "The Turtles". Allmusic. Retrieved September 20, 2021.
  2. Simmonds, Jeremy (2012). The Encyclopedia of Dead Rock Stars. Chicago Review Press. p. 347. ISBN 978-1613744789.
  3. "The Turtles Biography". Rolling Stone. 2004. Archived from the original on September 15, 2008. Retrieved December 24, 2008.
  4. Bush, John. "The Turtles | Biography, Albums, Streaming Links". AllMusic. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  5. ^ Colin Larkin, ed. (1997). The Virgin Encyclopedia of Popular Music (Concise ed.). Virgin Books. p. 1196. ISBN 1-85227-745-9.
  6. Greenwald, Matthew, You Baby - The Turtles | Song Info | AllMusic, retrieved March 4, 2021
  7. ^ Betts, Graham (2004). Complete UK Hit Singles 1952–2004 (1st ed.). London: Collins. p. 802. ISBN 0-00-717931-6.
  8. "eTerritorial Dispatch: Interview With A Turtle". Eterritorialdispatch.blogspot.co.uk. Retrieved March 17, 2017.
  9. "Flo and Eddie by the Fireside op Myspace Music – Gratis Gestreamde MP3s, Fotos, en Videoclips". Myspace.com. Retrieved January 25, 2011.
  10. "HAPPY TOGETHER TOUR". Kingcenter.com. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  11. "Save The Turtles: The Turtles Greatest Hits: Turtles: Music". Amazon. Retrieved January 25, 2011.
  12. McQuistion, James (April 30, 2011). "Happy Together Tour Returns In Summer 2011". Retrieved May 12, 2011.
  13. "Happy Together Tour 2018: 'The Show Must Go On'". Bestclassicbands.com. June 13, 2015. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
  14. "A pioneering Jewish rock band got its start in 1965; they're still slowly and steadily turtling along". April 19, 2024.
  15. "James Roy Tucker". hooperandweavermortuary.com. Retrieved March 23, 2021.
  16. "Jim Tucker, rhythm guitarist for The Turtles and Grass Valley resident, dies at 74", The Union, November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020
  17. Kreps, Daniel (May 14, 2024). "John Barbata, Drummer for the Turtles and Jefferson Starship, Dead at 79". Rolling Stone. Retrieved May 15, 2024.

External links

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Compilations
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