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| '''Robert Abercromby''' or '''Abrecromby''', sometimes also known as '''Sanders''' or '''Robertson''' (], ] – ] ], ], ]) was a ] ] in ] in the time of the persecutions. | |||
| '''Robert Abercromby''' (1536 – 27 April 1613), whose surname was also spelled as '''Abrecromby''' and '''Abercrombie''', and was known by such pseudonyms as '''Robert Sandiesoun''' and '''Sanders Robertson''', was a ] ] ]. | |||
| He was educated in Scotland and in ] in Rome, where on 19 August 1563 he became a jesuit. From 1564 he lived in Braniewo (]), where he was professor of grammar in the biggest Polish jesuit '']'' and a ]. In 1565 he was ordained a priest. He was considered a good priest, but learning Polish was difficult to him, and he had some problems with the finances of the school. In Braniewo he was in constant contact with Cardinal ]. Due to these problems he was permitted to leave Poland in 1580, when he met the Scottish king for the first time. In September 1580 he went back to Poland - from 1580 to 1587 he performed similar tasks in ], ] and ]. In 1587 he leaved Poland and went back to Scotland. During the journey to Scotland in 1580 and during his second stay there he was organizing transports of Scottish youths to be trained in Polish schools. | |||
| ==Early life== | |||
| Abercromby was brought into prominence chiefly by the fact that he is said to have converted the Queen of ], when that monarch was as yet James IV of Scotland. The Queen was ], and her ], an ardent Lutheran, had stipulated that she should have the right to practice her own religion in Scotland, and for that purpose sent with her a chaplain named ] who, however, shortly after his arrival, became a ]. The Queen, who abhorred Calvinism, asked some of the Catholic nobles for advice, and it was suggested to call Father Abercromby, who, with some other Jesuits, was secretly working among the Scottish Catholics and winning many illustrious converts to the Church. Though brought up a Lutheran, Queen Anne had in her youth lived with a niece of the Emperor ], and not only knew something of the faith, but had frequently been present at ] with her former friend. Abercromby was introduced into the palace, instructed the Queen in the Catholic religion, and received her into the Church. This was about the year 1600. As to the date there is some controversy. Andrew Lang, who merely quotes MacQuhirrie as to the fact of the conversion, without mentioning Abercromby, puts it as occurring in 1598. Intelligence of it at last came to the ears of the King, who, instead of being angry, warned her to keep it secret, as her conversion might imperil his crown. The king first supported Abercromby and arranged for him to stay near Anne. James even went as far as to appoint Abercromby Superintendent of the Royal ], in order that he might remain near the Queen. Up to the time that James succeeded to the crown of England, Father Abercromby remained at the Scottish court, celebrating Mass in secret, and giving ] nine or ten times to his neophyte. Anne herself gave proof of her devotion, during their crowning. When the King and Queen were crowned sovereigns of ], Anne gave proof of her sincerity by absolutely refusing to receive the ] sacrament, declaring that she preferred to forfeit her crown rather than take part in what she considered a sacrilegious profanation. Of this, Lang, in his ''History of Scotland,'' says nothing. She made several ineffectual attempts to convert the King. | |||
| He was born and educated in ], and studied in the ] in ], where on 19 August 1563 he became a Jesuit. From 1564 he lived in Braunsberg (then in ]; present-day ]) where he was professor of grammar in the biggest Polish Jesuit '']'' (where teaching was in ]) and a ]. | |||
| In 1565 he was ordained a ]. In Braniewo he was in constant contact with ]. Learning ] was difficult for him, and he had some problems with the finances of the school. Due to these problems he was permitted to leave Poland in 1580, when he met the Scottish king for the first time. In September 1580 he went back to Poland - from 1580 to 1587 he performed similar tasks in ], ] and ]. | |||
| Abercromby remained in Scotland for some time, but as a price of 10,000 ] was put upon his head he came to England, only to find that the King's kindly dispositions toward him had undergone a change. The alleged discovery of a ] in 1605, and the attempts made to implicate the Jesuits in the conspiracy had excited in the mind of the King feelings of bitter hostility to the ]. He ordered a strict search to be made for Abercromby, who consequently fled England and went back to ], where he died in 1613. | |||
| In 1587 he left Poland and returned to Scotland. During the journey to Scotland in 1580 and during his second stay there he was organizing transports of Scottish ] novices to be trained in Polish schools and ].<ref>Biegańska, Anna. ''The learned Scots in Poland from the mid-sixteenth to the close of the eighteenth century'', "Canadian Slavonic Papers", March 2001, {{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>Grzebień, Father Ludwik (SJ), ''Encyklopedia wiedzy o jezuitach na ziemiach Polski i Litwy, 1564-1995'', Kraków 1996, </ref> | |||
| ==Contact with Anne of Denmark== | |||
| Abercromby claimed that he had reconciled ], queen of ], to the ].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Dictionary of Christian Biography|year=2001|editor=Michael Walsh|publisher=Continuum|isbn=0826452639|page=|url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofchri0000unse/page/3}}</ref> James apparently allowed Abercromby to meet her at ] circa 1599. She made no outward sign of a change of religion.<ref name=ODNB/> | |||
| ==Later life== | |||
| Abercromby remained in Scotland for some time, but a price of 10,000 ]s was put upon his head.<ref>{{Catholic|wstitle=Robert Abercromby|inline=1}}</ref> He spent the period 1601–06 under the protection of ].<ref name=ODNB>{{ODNBweb|id=46|title=Abercromby, Robert|first=G. Martin|last=Murphy}}</ref> | |||
| Abercromby went back to Braunsberg in 1606. His name was connected to the ] when a pamphlet "]", ''Exetasis epistolæ nomine regis'', written under the pseudonym Bartholus Pacenius against James I was traced to Braunsberg;<ref name=ODNB/> but the investigation by ] was inconclusive.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422172112/https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/1979/796/1/DefDoctmetindex.pdf |date=2012-04-22 }}.</ref> He died there on 27 April 1613. | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
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Latest revision as of 19:43, 22 May 2024
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Robert Abercromby (1536 – 27 April 1613), whose surname was also spelled as Abrecromby and Abercrombie, and was known by such pseudonyms as Robert Sandiesoun and Sanders Robertson, was a Scottish Jesuit missionary.
Early life
He was born and educated in Scotland, and studied in the Collegium Romanum in Rome, where on 19 August 1563 he became a Jesuit. From 1564 he lived in Braunsberg (then in Royal Prussia; present-day Braniewo) where he was professor of grammar in the biggest Polish Jesuit collegium (where teaching was in Latin) and a novice master.
In 1565 he was ordained a priest. In Braniewo he was in constant contact with Stanislaus Hosius. Learning Polish was difficult for him, and he had some problems with the finances of the school. Due to these problems he was permitted to leave Poland in 1580, when he met the Scottish king for the first time. In September 1580 he went back to Poland - from 1580 to 1587 he performed similar tasks in Kraków, Poznań and Wilno.
In 1587 he left Poland and returned to Scotland. During the journey to Scotland in 1580 and during his second stay there he was organizing transports of Scottish Catholic novices to be trained in Polish schools and seminaries.
Contact with Anne of Denmark
Abercromby claimed that he had reconciled Anne of Denmark, queen of James VI of Scotland, to the Catholic Church. James apparently allowed Abercromby to meet her at Holyroodhouse circa 1599. She made no outward sign of a change of religion.
Later life
Abercromby remained in Scotland for some time, but a price of 10,000 crowns was put upon his head. He spent the period 1601–06 under the protection of George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly.
Abercromby went back to Braunsberg in 1606. His name was connected to the allegiance oath controversy when a pamphlet "pasquil", Exetasis epistolæ nomine regis, written under the pseudonym Bartholus Pacenius against James I was traced to Braunsberg; but the investigation by Patrick Gordon was inconclusive. He died there on 27 April 1613.
References
- Biegańska, Anna. The learned Scots in Poland from the mid-sixteenth to the close of the eighteenth century, "Canadian Slavonic Papers", March 2001, online version
- Grzebień, Father Ludwik (SJ), Encyklopedia wiedzy o jezuitach na ziemiach Polski i Litwy, 1564-1995, Kraków 1996, online version with additional bibliography
- Michael Walsh, ed. (2001). Dictionary of Christian Biography. Continuum. p. 3. ISBN 0826452639.
- ^ Murphy, G. Martin. "Abercromby, Robert". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/46. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Robert Abercromby". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- William Trumbull: A Jacobean diplomat at the court of the Archdukes in Brussels, 1605/9-1625 (PDF), p. 193 Archived 2012-04-22 at the Wayback Machine.