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{{Short description|Religious movement}} |
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{{Infobox Christian denomination |
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|name = Church of Divine Science |
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]The '''Church of Divine Science''' is a religious group founded in ] in the late 19th century, during the dramatic growth of the ] in the ]. The church's founders were ] and ],<ref>Albanese (2007, p.316); Haley (1995, p.326)</ref> with Fannie Brooks James, Alethea Brooks Small and Kate Bingham also playing decisive roles.<ref>Wessinger ''et al.'' (2006, p.758).</ref> Both ]<ref>Hazen (2000, p.113)</ref> and ], noted New Thought leader of the day, were a direct influence. Nona Brooks was introduced to Hopkins' teachings through a student of Hopkins in Pueblo, Colorado.<ref>, Divine Science Federation</ref> |
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|image = FirstChurchDivineScienceBookplate.jpg |
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|alt = Book plate from the First Church of Divine Science |
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|caption = Book plate from the First Church of Divine Science |
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|main_classification = Divine Science |
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|orientation = ] |
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|founder = ], ] |
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|founded_date = 1888 |
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|founded_place = ] |
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|associations = ], ] |
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{{NewThought}} |
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The '''Church of Divine Science''' is a religious movement within the wider ] movement. The group was formalized in San Francisco in the 1880s under ]. "In March 1888 Cramer and her husband Frank chartered the 'Home College of Spiritual Science.”{{Quote without source|date=September 2024}} Two months later, Cramer changed the name of her school to the “Home College of Divine Science."<ref>Sattler, p. 98</ref> After the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and Cramer’s death, the headquarters moved back to Colorado. It established its headquarters in Denver and later moved the base of its operations to Pueblo.{{cn|date=August 2021}} |
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Divine Science originally began in San Francisco in the 1880s under Malinda Cramer. There is also a loose connection with ], founder of ] in ]. By 1918 there were churches in Denver, ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ]. By 1925 churches had opened in ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref>Sattler, p. 102.</ref> Today, Divine Science has churches in Denver (the founding church), Washington D.C., ] (three churches), ] (two churches), ], ], ], and other locations.<ref> Links to affiliated Divine Science churches, schools, and study groups throughout the world</ref> |
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== Beliefs == |
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Divine Science defines itself as "an organized teaching pertaining to God and the manifestation of God in Creation." It holds that its foundation truth is "that limitless Being, God, is Good, is equally present everywhere, and is the All of everything." It defines God as "pure Spirit, absolute, changeless, eternal, manifesting in and as all Creation, yet also transcending Creation" and that evil is therefore neither necessary nor permanent and has has no reality within itself, but has existence only so long as human beings support it by believing in it.<ref></ref> Like other New Thought churches, Divine Science considers ] very important, and emulates the work of ], who is portrayed in the ] curing many people.{{Fact|date=May 2008}} The Denver Church's founder, Nona Brooks, stated, "The whole of Divine Science is the practice of the ]. Truth comes through the Bible, receptive prayer, contemplation and meditation and the practice of the presence of God here and now."{{cite quote}} |
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Divine Science defines itself as "an organized teaching pertaining to God and the manifestation of God in Creation." It holds that its foundation truth is "that limitless Being, God, is Good, is equally present everywhere, and is the All of everything." It defines God as "pure Spirit, absolute, changeless, eternal, manifesting in and as all Creation, yet also transcending Creation" and that evil is therefore neither necessary nor permanent and has no reality within itself, but has existence only so long as human beings support it by believing in it.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509161441/http://www.dvscdnvr.org/divsci.htm |date=2008-05-09 }}</ref> Like other New Thought churches, Divine Science considers ] very important, and emulates the work of ] Christ, who in the ] cures many people. The Denver Church's founder, Nona Brooks, stated, "The whole of Divine Science is the practice of the ]. Truth comes through the Bible, ], contemplation and meditation and the practice of the presence of God here and now."<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008091956/http://doctorofdivinescience.com/ |date=2008-10-08 }}, accessed August 2008.</ref> |
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In recent years, Divine Science, with few site-based churches, has expanded its presence through cyber-ministries and e-mail ministries. Northwoods Resources in Wisconsin provides many materials online.<ref>.</ref> In addition, "Symphony of Love" in Santa Fe issues a weekly e-mail lesson free of charge, and has an international outreach. Symphony of Love is a group member of the Divine Science Federation, the denominational headquarters, and the INTA: ].{{Fact|date=June 2008}} In addition, there is a Web-based ministry in New York State focusing on the teachings and legacy of ], a Divine Science minister who preached to the largest church audience in the U.S. during the Depression,<ref>Sattler, p. 102.</ref> holding weekly services for 5,5000 at the ] until 1938,<ref>Time magazine.</ref> and after that at ].<ref>"Religious Leaders of America".</ref> |
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==See also== |
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== History == |
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=== Beginning === |
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The church's official founders were Malinda Cramer and ],<ref>Albanese (2007, p. 316); Haley (1995, p. 326)</ref> with Fannie Brooks James, Alethea Brooks Small and Kate Bingham also playing decisive roles.<ref>Wessinger et al. (2006, p. 758).</ref> Both ]<ref>Hazen (2000, p. 113)</ref> and ], noted New Thought leader of the day, were direct influences. Nona Brooks was introduced to Hopkins's teachings through a student of Hopkins in Pueblo, Colorado.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080608032634/http://divinesciencechurch.org/dsfed//page3.php |date=2008-06-08 }}, Divine Science Federation</ref> This student was most likely Kate Bingham, who lived in Pueblo and was the second wife of Frank Bingham, a noted rancher. Kate Bingham had been exposed to the tenets of ] on a trip she had made to Chicago in the 1870s. A doctor in Pueblo had told a pregnant Kate that if she gave birth, she would die. Kate then went East to have her pregnancy terminated, there being no doctors in Colorado who could perform the operation at that time. While on the train to Chicago, Kate met a Christian Scientist who told her she would be able to give birth if she properly prepared her mind and spirit. In the end, Kate had the child at the home of her Christian Scientist friend (and was later to have three more children in Pueblo). When Kate returned home from her trip, she spoke about Christian Science to some of her friends, including Nona Brooks, and the women began to have weekly meetings at 318 West 9th Street in Pueblo, the winter home of the family which owned the Hopkins-Bingham ranch. The women consciously set about to adapt Christian Science philosophy to what they felt was a more pragmatic application of the Divine Spirit. For instance, Divine Science, instead of solely relying on prayer and positive thinking, permitted the consultation of medical professionals.{{cn|date=August 2021}} |
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==Notes== |
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{{reflist}} |
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=== Churches and outreach === |
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==References== |
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{{ref indent}}<!-- BEGIN hanging indent style. Pls use a colon (:) instead of asterisk (*) for bullet markers in the references list --> |
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: {{cite book |author=Albanese, Catherine L. |year=2007 |title=A Republic of Mind and Spirit: A Cultural History of American Metaphysical Religion |location=New Haven, CT |publisher=] |isbn=978-0-300-11089-0 |oclc=68221008}} |
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: {{cite journal |author=Bainbridge, William Sims |year=2004 |month=November |title=Religion and science |journal=] |volume=36 |issue=9 |location=Amsterdam and London |publisher=]|pages=pp.1009–1023 |doi=10.1016/j.futures.2004.02.003 |issn=0016-3287 |oclc=198488307}} |
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: Gale Publishing Group, "Emmet Fox" in ''Religious Leaders of America'', 2nd ed. Gale Group, 1999. Reproduced in , accessed June 2008. |
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: {{cite book |author=Haley, Gail |year=1995 |chapter=New Thought and the Harmonial Family |editor=] (ed.) |title=America's Alternative Religions |series=SUNY series in religious studies|location=Albany |publisher=] |pages=pp.325–330|isbn=0-7914-2397-2 |oclc=30476551}} |
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: {{cite book |author=Hanegraaff, Wouter |authorlink=Wouter Hanegraaff |year=1996 |title=New Age Religion and Western Culture: Esotericism in the Mirror of Secular Thought |series=Studies in the history of religions, {{nowrap|vol. 72}}|location=Leiden, Netherlands |publisher=] |isbn=90-04-10696-0 |oclc=35229227}} |
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: {{cite book |author=Hazen, Craig James |year=2000 |title=The Village Enlightenment in America: Popular Religion and Science in the Nineteenth Century |location=Urbana |publisher=] |isbn=0-252-02512-1 |oclc=41156302}} |
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: {{cite book |author=Holmes, Ernest |year=1991 |title=Living the Science of Mind |location=Marina del Rey, CA |publisher=DeVorss & Co |isbn=0-87516-627-X |oclc=23177601}} |
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: {{cite book |author=Lucas, Phillip|year=1995 |chapter=The Association for Research and Enlightenment: Saved by the New Age|editor=] (ed.) |title=America's Alternative Religions |series=SUNY series in religious studies|location=Albany |publisher=] |pages=pp.353–362|isbn=0-7914-2397-2 |oclc=30476551}} |
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: {{cite book |author=Sattler, Beryl |year=1999 |title=Each Mind a Kingdom: American Women, Sexual Purity, and the New Thought Movement, 1875–1920 |location=Berkeley |publisher=] |isbn=0-520-21765-9 |oclc=39654723}} |
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: {{cite journal |author=Stark, Rodney |coauthors=and William Sims Bainbridge |year=1980 |month=December |title=Secularization and Cult Formation in the Jazz Age |journal=Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion |location=Washington, DC |publisher=Society for the Scientific Study of Religion|volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=pp.360–373 |issn=0021-8294 |oclc=1783125}} |
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: ], {{cite journal |year=1938 |month=November 7|title=New Thought|journal=Time|accessdate = 2008-06-04}} |
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: {{cite book |author=Wessinger, Catherine |coauthors=Dell deChant and William Michael Ashcraft |year=2006 |chapter=Theosophy, New Thought and New Age Movements |editor=Rosemary Skinner Keller and Rosemary Radford Ruether (eds.), Marie Cantlon (associate ed.) |title=Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America, {{nowrap|vol. 2}} |location=Bloomington |publisher=] |pages=pp.753–767 |isbn=978-0-253-34687-2 |oclc=61711172}} |
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After its foundation in 1888, by 1918 there were Divine Science churches in Denver, ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ]. By 1925, churches had opened in ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref name="Sattler, p. 102">Sattler, p. 102.</ref> Today, Divine Science has churches in Denver (the founding church), Washington D.C., ] (three churches), ] (two churches), ], ], ], and other locations.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080518024845/http://divinescience.org/links.html |date=2008-05-18 }} Links to affiliated Divine Science churches, schools, and study groups throughout the world</ref> |
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{{ref indent-end}}<!-- END hanging indent style --> |
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According to published data, there were 7,000 members in 1935 and 7,107 in 1953, but subsequent figures are not available.<ref> National Council of Churches Historic Archive.</ref> In recent years, Divine Science, with few site-based churches, has expanded its presence through cyber-ministries and e-mail ministries. Northwoods Resources in Wisconsin provides many materials online. In addition, "Symphony of Love" in Santa Fe issues a weekly e-mail lesson free of charge, and has an international outreach. Symphony of Love is a group member of the Divine Science Federation, the denominational headquarters, and the INTA: ]. In addition, there is a Web-based ministry in New York State focusing on the teachings and legacy of ], a Divine Science minister who preached at the ] in New York City. His became the largest church audience in the U.S. during the Depression,<ref name="Sattler, p. 102"/> and held weekly services for 5,500 at the ] until 1938,<ref>{{cite magazine |date=November 7, 1938|title=New Thought|magazine=]}}</ref> and after that at ].<ref>Gale Publishing Group (1999)</ref> |
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==Further reading== |
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* Hutcheson, J. D.; Taylor, G. A. (1973) "Religious variables, political system characteristics, and policy outputs in the American states" in ''American Journal of Political Science'', Vol. 17, No. 2 (May, 1973), pp. 414-421. |
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* Melton, JG (1987) "How New is New? The Flowering of the 'New' Religious Consciousness since 1965" in ''The Future of New Religious Movements'', David Bromley, ed. |
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==External links== |
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== Influences == |
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{{New Thought beliefs}} |
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===Divine Science organizations=== |
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Many New Thought leaders have been associated with Divine Science, including ] and ] founders of ], and ] and ], both of whom were ordained Divine Science ministers who would go on to found ] in 1927.<ref>Glenn R. Mosley (2006) Templeton Foundation Press, New Thought, Ancient Wisdom p. 47</ref> |
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* (IN SPANISH-EN ESPAÑOL) |
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== See also == |
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{{belief systems}} |
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== Notes == |
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{{reflist|30em}} |
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== References == |
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{{refbegin}} |
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*{{cite book |author=Albanese, Catherine L. |year=2007 |title=] |location=New Haven, CT |publisher=] |isbn=978-0-300-11089-0 |oclc=68221008}} |
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* Gale Publishing Group, "Emmet Fox" in ''Religious Leaders of America'', 2nd ed. Gale Group, 1999. Reproduced in , accessed June 2008. |
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*{{cite book |author=Haley, Gail |year=1995 |chapter=New Thought and the Harmonial Family |editor=Timothy Miller |editor-link=Timothy Miller |title=America's Alternative Religions |series=SUNY series in religious studies |location=Albany |publisher=] |pages= |isbn=978-0-7914-2397-4 |oclc=30476551 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/americasalternat00mill/page/325}} |
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*{{cite book |author=Hazen, Craig James |year=2000 |title=The Village Enlightenment in America: Popular Religion and Science in the Nineteenth Century |location=Urbana |publisher=] |isbn=978-0-252-02512-9 |oclc=41156302}} |
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*{{cite book |author=Sattler, Beryl |year=1999 |title=Each Mind a Kingdom: American Women, Sexual Purity, and the New Thought Movement, 1875–1920 |location=Berkeley |publisher=] |isbn=978-0-520-21765-2 |oclc=39654723}} |
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*{{cite book |author=Wessinger, Catherine |author2=Dell deChant |author3=William Michael Ashcraft |year=2006 |chapter=Theosophy, New Thought and New Age Movements |editor=Rosemary Skinner Keller |editor2=Rosemary Radford Ruether |others=Marie Cantlon (associate ed.) |title=Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America, vol. 2 |location=Bloomington |publisher=] |pages=753–767 |isbn=978-0-253-34687-2 |oclc=61711172}} |
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{{refend}} |
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== Further reading == |
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*{{cite journal |author=Bainbridge, William Sims |date=November 2004 |title=Religion and science |journal=] |volume=36 |issue=9 |pages=1009–1023 |doi=10.1016/j.futures.2004.02.003 |issn=0016-3287|oclc=198488307|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1258975 }} |
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*{{cite book |author=Hanegraaff, Wouter |author-link=Wouter Hanegraaff |year=1996 |title=New Age Religion and Western Culture: Esotericism in the Mirror of Secular Thought |series=Studies in the history of religions, vol. 72|location=Leiden, Netherlands |publisher=] |isbn=978-90-04-10696-3|oclc=35229227}} |
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*{{cite book |author=Holmes, Ernest |year=1991 |title=Living the Science of Mind |location=Marina del Rey, CA |publisher=DeVorss & Co |isbn=978-0-87516-627-8 |oclc=23177601 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780875166278 }} |
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*{{cite book|author=Lucas, Phillip|year=1995|chapter=The Association for Research and Enlightenment: Saved by the New Age|editor=Timothy Miller|title=America's Alternative Religions|series=SUNY series in religious studies|location=Albany|publisher=State University of New York Press|pages=|isbn=978-0-7914-2397-4|oclc=30476551|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/americasalternat00mill/page/353}} |
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*{{cite journal |author=Stark, Rodney |author2=William Sims Bainbridge |date=December 1980 |title=Secularization and Cult Formation in the Jazz Age |journal=Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=360–373 |issn=0021-8294|oclc=1783125 |doi=10.2307/1386184 |jstor=1386184}} |
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== External links == |
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*{{Official website|https://www.divinesciencefederation.org/}} |
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{{Divine Science footer}} |
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{{Universalism footer}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Church Of Divine Science}} |
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Divine Science defines itself as "an organized teaching pertaining to God and the manifestation of God in Creation." It holds that its foundation truth is "that limitless Being, God, is Good, is equally present everywhere, and is the All of everything." It defines God as "pure Spirit, absolute, changeless, eternal, manifesting in and as all Creation, yet also transcending Creation" and that evil is therefore neither necessary nor permanent and has no reality within itself, but has existence only so long as human beings support it by believing in it. Like other New Thought churches, Divine Science considers healing very important, and emulates the work of Jesus Christ, who in the New Testament cures many people. The Denver Church's founder, Nona Brooks, stated, "The whole of Divine Science is the practice of the Presence of God. Truth comes through the Bible, Affirmative prayer, contemplation and meditation and the practice of the presence of God here and now."
According to published data, there were 7,000 members in 1935 and 7,107 in 1953, but subsequent figures are not available. In recent years, Divine Science, with few site-based churches, has expanded its presence through cyber-ministries and e-mail ministries. Northwoods Resources in Wisconsin provides many materials online. In addition, "Symphony of Love" in Santa Fe issues a weekly e-mail lesson free of charge, and has an international outreach. Symphony of Love is a group member of the Divine Science Federation, the denominational headquarters, and the INTA: International New Thought Alliance. In addition, there is a Web-based ministry in New York State focusing on the teachings and legacy of Emmet Fox, a Divine Science minister who preached at the First Church of Divine Science in New York City. His became the largest church audience in the U.S. during the Depression, and held weekly services for 5,500 at the New York Hippodrome until 1938, and after that at Carnegie Hall.
Book plate from the First Church of Divine Science
