Misplaced Pages

Latest revision as of 02:00, 14 January 2025

The Guardian

Front page on 28 May 2021
Type	Daily newspaper
Format	Broadsheet (1821–2005) Berliner (2005–2018) Compact (since 2018)
Owner(s)	Guardian Media Group
Founder(s)	John Edward Taylor
Publisher	Guardian Media Group
Editor-in-chief	Katharine Viner
Founded	5 May 1821; 203 years ago (1821-05-05) (as The Manchester Guardian, renamed The Guardian in 1959)
Political alignment	Centre-left
Language	English
Headquarters	Kings Place, London
Country	United Kingdom
Circulation	105,134 (as of July 2021)
Sister newspapers	The Observer The Guardian Weekly
ISSN	0261-3077 (print) 1756-3224 (web)
OCLC number	60623878
Website	theguardian.com
Media of the United Kingdom List of newspapers

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in Manchester in 1821 as The Manchester Guardian and changed its name in 1959, followed by a move to London. Along with its sister papers, The Observer and The Guardian Weekly, The Guardian is part of the Guardian Media Group, owned by the Scott Trust Limited. The trust was created in 1936 to "secure the financial and editorial independence of The Guardian in perpetuity and to safeguard the journalistic freedom and liberal values of The Guardian free from commercial or political interference". The trust was converted into a limited company in 2008, with a constitution written so as to maintain for The Guardian the same protections as were built into the structure of the Scott Trust by its creators. Profits are reinvested in its journalism rather than distributed to owners or shareholders. It is considered a newspaper of record in the UK.

The editor-in-chief Katharine Viner succeeded Alan Rusbridger in 2015. Since 2018, the paper's main newsprint sections have been published in tabloid format. As of July 2021, its print edition had a daily circulation of 105,134. The newspaper is available online; it lists UK, US (founded in 2011), Australian (founded in 2013), European, and International editions, and its website has sections for World, Europe, US, Americas, Asia, Australia, Middle East, Africa, New Zealand, Inequality, and Global development.

The paper's readership is generally on the mainstream left of British political opinion, and the term "Guardian reader" is used to imply a stereotype of a person with modern progressive, left-wing or "politically correct" views. Frequent typographical errors during the age of manual typesetting led Private Eye magazine to dub the paper the "Grauniad" in the 1970s, a nickname still occasionally used by the editors for self-mockery.

In an Ipsos MORI research poll in September 2018 designed to interrogate the public's trust of specific titles online, The Guardian scored highest for digital-content news, with 84% of readers agreeing that they "trust what see in it". A December 2018 report of a poll by the Publishers Audience Measurement Company stated that the paper's print edition was found to be the most trusted in the UK in the period from October 2017 to September 2018. It was also reported to be the most-read of the UK's "quality newsbrands", including digital editions; other "quality" brands included The Times, The Daily Telegraph, The Independent, and the i. While The Guardian's print circulation is in decline, the report indicated that news from The Guardian, including that reported online, reaches more than 23 million UK adults each month.

Chief among the notable "scoops" obtained by the paper was the 2011 News International phone-hacking scandal—and in particular the hacking of the murdered English teenager Milly Dowler's phone. The investigation led to the closure of the News of the World, the UK's best-selling Sunday newspaper and one of the highest-circulation newspapers in history. In June 2013, The Guardian broke news of the secret collection by the Obama administration of Verizon telephone records, and subsequently revealed the existence of the surveillance program PRISM after knowledge of it was leaked to the paper by the whistleblower and former National Security Agency contractor Edward Snowden. In 2016, The Guardian led an investigation into the Panama Papers, exposing then–Prime Minister David Cameron's links to offshore bank accounts. It has been named "newspaper of the year" four times at the annual British Press Awards: most recently in 2014, for its reporting on government surveillance.

History

1821 to 1972

Early years

The Manchester Guardian was founded in Manchester in 1821 by cotton merchant John Edward Taylor with backing from the Little Circle, a group of non-conformist businessmen. They launched the paper, on 5 May 1821 (by chance the very day of Napoleon's death) after the police closure of the more radical Manchester Observer, a paper that had championed the cause of the Peterloo Massacre protesters. Taylor had been hostile to the radical reformers, writing: "They have appealed not to the reason but the passions and the suffering of their abused and credulous fellow-countrymen, from whose ill-requited industry they extort for themselves the means of a plentiful and comfortable existence. They do not toil, neither do they spin, but they live better than those that do." When the government closed down the Manchester Observer, the mill-owners' champions had the upper hand.

The influential journalist Jeremiah Garnett joined Taylor during the establishment of the paper, and all of the Little Circle wrote articles for the new paper. The prospectus announcing the new publication proclaimed that it would "zealously enforce the principles of civil and religious Liberty ... warmly advocate the cause of Reform ... endeavour to assist in the diffusion of just principles of Political Economy and ... support, without reference to the party from which they emanate, all serviceable measures". In 1825, the paper merged with the British Volunteer and was known as The Manchester Guardian and British Volunteer until 1828.

The working-class Manchester and Salford Advertiser called The Manchester Guardian "the foul prostitute and dirty parasite of the worst portion of the mill-owners". The Manchester Guardian was generally hostile to labour's claims. Of the 1832 Ten Hours Bill, the paper doubted whether in view of the foreign competition "the passing of a law positively enacting a gradual destruction of the cotton manufacture in this kingdom would be a much less rational procedure." The Manchester Guardian dismissed strikes as the work of outside agitators, stating that "if an accommodation can be effected, the occupation of the agents of the Union is gone. They live on strife ... ."

In March 2023, an academic review commissioned by the Scott Trust determined that John Edward Taylor and nine of his eleven backers had links to the Atlantic slave trade through their interests in Manchester's textile industry.

Slavery and the American Civil War

The newspaper opposed slavery and supported free trade. An 1823 leading article on the continuing "cruelty and injustice" to slaves in the West Indies long after the abolition of the slave trade with the Slave Trade Act 1807 wanted fairness to the interests and claims both of the planters and of their oppressed slaves. It welcomed the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 and accepted the "increased compensation" to the planters as the "guilt of slavery attaches far more to the nation" rather than individuals. Success of the Act would encourage emancipation in other slave-owning nations to avoid "imminent risk of a violent and bloody termination." However, the newspaper argued against restricting trade with countries that had not yet abolished slavery.

Complex tensions developed in the United States. When the abolitionist George Thompson toured, the newspaper said that "lavery is a monstrous evil, but civil war is not a less one; and we would not seek the abolition even of the former through the imminent hazard of the latter". It suggested that the United States should compensate slave-owners for freeing slaves and called on President Franklin Pierce to resolve the 1856 "civil war", the Sacking of Lawrence due to pro-slavery laws imposed by Congress.

In 1860, The Observer quoted a report that the newly elected president Abraham Lincoln was opposed to abolition of slavery. On 13 May 1861, shortly after the start of the American Civil War, the Manchester Guardian portrayed the Northern states as primarily imposing a burdensome trade monopoly on the Confederate States, arguing that if the South was freed to have direct trade with Europe, "the day would not be distant when slavery itself would cease". Therefore, the newspaper asked "Why should the South be prevented from freeing itself from slavery?" This hopeful view was also held by the Liberal leader William Ewart Gladstone.

There was division in Britain over the Civil War, even within political parties. The Manchester Guardian had also been conflicted. It had supported other independence movements and felt it should also support the rights of the Confederacy to self-determination. It criticised Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation for not freeing all American slaves. On 10 October 1862, it wrote: "It is impossible to cast any reflections upon a man so evidently sincere and well-intentioned as Mr Lincoln but it is also impossible not to feel that it was an evil day both for America and the world, when he was chosen President of the United States". By then, the Union blockade was causing suffering in British towns. Some including Liverpool supported the Confederacy as did "current opinion in all classes" in London. On 31 December 1862, cotton workers held a meeting at the Free Trade Hall in Manchester which resolved "its detestation of negro slavery in America, and of the attempt of the rebellious Southern slave-holders to organise on the great American continent a nation having slavery as its basis". There was a comment that "an effort had been made in a leading article of the Manchester Guardian to deter the working men from assembling together for such a purpose". The newspaper reported all this and published their letter to President Lincoln while complaining that "the chief occupation, if not the chief object of the meeting, seems to have been to abuse the Manchester Guardian". Lincoln replied to the letter thanking the workers for their "sublime Christian heroism" and American ships delivered relief supplies to Britain.

The newspaper reported the shock to the community of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in 1865, concluding that "he parting of his family with the dying President is too sad for description", but in what from today's perspective looks an ill-judged editorial wrote that "f his rule we can never speak except as a series of acts abhorrent to every true notion of constitutional right and human liberty", adding: "it is doubtless to be regretted that he had not the opportunity of vindicating his good intentions".

According to Martin Kettle, writing for The Guardian in February 2011: "The Guardian had always hated slavery. But it doubted the Union hated slavery to the same degree. It argued that the Union had always tacitly condoned slavery by shielding the southern slave states from the condemnation they deserved. It was critical of Lincoln's emancipation proclamation for stopping short of a full repudiation of slavery throughout the US. And it chastised the president for being so willing to negotiate with the south, with slavery one of the issues still on the table."

C. P. Scott

C. P. Scott made the newspaper nationally recognised. He was editor for 57 years from 1872, and became its owner when he bought the paper from the estate of Taylor's son in 1907. Under Scott, the paper's moderate editorial line became more radical, supporting William Gladstone when the Liberals split in 1886, and opposing the Second Boer War against popular opinion. Scott supported the movement for women's suffrage, but was critical of any tactics by the suffragettes that involved direct action: "The really ludicrous position is that Mr Lloyd George is fighting to enfranchise seven million women and the militants are smashing unoffending people's windows and breaking up benevolent societies' meetings in a desperate effort to prevent him." Scott thought the Suffragettes' "courage and devotion" was "worthy of a better cause and saner leadership". It has been argued that Scott's criticism reflected a widespread disdain, at the time, for those women who "transgressed the gender expectations of Edwardian society".

Scott commissioned J. M. Synge and his friend Jack Yeats to produce articles and drawings documenting the social conditions of the west of Ireland; these pieces were published in 1911 in the collection Travels in Wicklow, West Kerry and Connemara.

Scott's friendship with Chaim Weizmann played a role in the Balfour Declaration. In 1948 The Manchester Guardian was a supporter of the new State of Israel.

Ownership of the paper passed in June 1936 to the Scott Trust (named after the last owner, John Russell Scott, who was the first chairman of the Trust). This move ensured the paper's independence.

From 1930 to 1967, a special archival copy of all the daily newspapers was preserved in 700 zinc cases. These were found in 1988 whilst the newspaper's archives were deposited at the University of Manchester's John Rylands University Library, on the Oxford Road campus. The first case was opened and found to contain the newspapers issued in August 1930 in pristine condition. The zinc cases had been made each month by the newspaper's plumber and stored for posterity. The other 699 cases were not opened and were all returned to storage at The Guardian's garage, owing to shortage of space at the library.

Spanish Civil War

Traditionally affiliated with the centrist to centre-left Liberal Party, and with a northern, non-conformist circulation base, the paper earned a national reputation and the respect of the left during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). George Orwell wrote in Homage to Catalonia (1938): "Of our larger papers, the Manchester Guardian is the only one that leaves me with an increased respect for its honesty". With the pro-Liberal News Chronicle, the Labour-supporting Daily Herald, the Communist Party's Daily Worker and several Sunday and weekly papers, it supported the Republican government against General Francisco Franco's insurgent nationalists.

Post-war

The paper's then editor, A. P. Wadsworth, so loathed Labour's left-wing champion Aneurin Bevan, who had made a reference to getting rid of "Tory Vermin" in a speech "and the hate-gospellers of his entourage" that it encouraged readers to vote Conservative in the 1951 general election and remove Clement Attlee's post-war Labour government.

The Manchester Guardian strongly opposed military intervention during the 1956 Suez Crisis: "The Anglo-French ultimatum to Egypt is an act of folly, without justification in any terms but brief expediency. It pours petrol on a growing fire. There is no knowing what kind of explosion will follow."

On 24 August 1959, The Manchester Guardian changed its name to The Guardian. This change reflected the growing prominence of national and international affairs in the newspaper. In September 1961, The Guardian, which had previously only been published in Manchester, began to be printed in London. Nesta Roberts was appointed as the newspaper's first news editor there, becoming the first woman to hold such a position on a British national newspaper.

1972 to 2000

The Troubles

During the early period of the Troubles, The Guardian supported British state intervention to quell disturbances between Irish Catholics and Ulster loyalists in Northern Ireland. After the Battle of the Bogside between Catholic residents of Derry and the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), The Guardian called for the British Armed Forces to be deployed to the region, arguing that their deployment would "present a more disinterested face of law and order" than the RUC."

On 30 January 1972, troops from the 1st Battalion, Parachute Regiment opened fire on a Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association march, killing fourteen people in an event that would come to be known as Bloody Sunday. In response to the incident, The Guardian argued that "Neither side can escape condemnation... The organizers of the demonstration, Miss Bernadette Devlin among them, deliberately challenged the ban on marches. They knew that stone throwing and sniping could not be prevented, and that the IRA might use the crowd as a shield." The Guardian further stated that "It is certainly true that the army cordons had endured a wanton barrage of stones, steel bars, and other missiles. That still does not justify opening fire so freely."

After the events of Bloody Sunday, John Widgery, Baron Widgery was appointed the head of a tribunal to investigate the killings. The resulting tribunal, known as the Widgery Tribunal, largely exonerated the actions of the soldiers involved in the incident. The Guardian published an article on 20 April 1972 which supported the tribunal and its findings, arguing that "Widgery's report is not one-sided". In response to the introduction of internment without trial in Northern Ireland, The Guardian argued that "Internment without trial is hateful, repressive and undemocratic. In the existing Irish situation, most regrettably, it is also inevitable... To remove the ringleaders, in the hope that the atmosphere might calm down, is a step to which there is no obvious alternative."

Sarah Tisdall

In 1983, the paper was at the centre of a controversy surrounding documents regarding the stationing of cruise missiles in Britain that were leaked to The Guardian by civil servant Sarah Tisdall. The paper eventually complied with a court order to hand over the documents to the authorities, which resulted in a six-month prison sentence for Tisdall, though she served only four. "I still blame myself", said Peter Preston, who was the editor of The Guardian at the time, but he went on to argue that the paper had no choice because it "believed in the rule of law". In a 2019 article discussing Julian Assange and the protection of sources by journalists, John Pilger criticised the editor of The Guardian for betraying Tisdall by choosing not to go to prison "on a fundamental principle of protecting a source".

Alleged penetration by Russian intelligence

In 1994, KGB defector Oleg Gordievsky identified Guardian literary editor Richard Gott as "an agent of influence". While Gott denied that he received cash, he admitted he had had lunch at the Soviet Embassy and had taken benefits from the KGB on overseas visits. Gott resigned from his post.

Gordievsky commented on the newspaper: "The KGB loved The Guardian. It was deemed highly susceptible to penetration."

Jonathan Aitken

In 1995, both the Granada Television programme World in Action and The Guardian were sued for libel by the then cabinet minister Jonathan Aitken, for their allegation that Harrods owner Mohamed Al Fayed had paid for Aitken and his wife to stay at the Hôtel Ritz in Paris, which would have amounted to accepting a bribe on Aitken's part. Aitken publicly stated that he would fight with "the simple sword of truth and the trusty shield of British fair play". The court case proceeded, and in 1997 The Guardian produced evidence that Aitken's claim of his wife paying for the hotel stay was untrue. In 1999, Aitken was jailed for perjury and perverting the course of justice.

Connection

In May 1998, a series of Guardian investigations exposed the wholesale fabrication of a much-garlanded ITV documentary The Connection, produced by Carlton Television.

The documentary purported to film an undiscovered route by which heroin was smuggled into the United Kingdom from Colombia. An internal inquiry at Carlton found that The Guardian's allegations were in large part correct and the then industry regulator, the ITC, punished Carlton with a record £2 million fine for multiple breaches of the UK's broadcasting codes. The scandal led to an impassioned debate about the accuracy of documentary production.

Later in June 1998, The Guardian revealed further fabrications in another Carlton documentary from the same director.

Kosovo War

The paper supported NATO's military intervention in the Kosovo War in 1998–1999. The Guardian stated that "the only honourable course for Europe and America is to use military force". Mary Kaldor's piece was headlined "Bombs away! But to save civilians, we must get in some soldiers too."

Since 2000

In the early 2000s, The Guardian challenged the Act of Settlement 1701 and the Treason Felony Act 1848. In October 2004, The Guardian published a humorous column by Charlie Brooker in its entertainment guide, the final sentence of which was viewed by some as a call for violence against U.S. President George W. Bush; after a controversy, Brooker and the paper issued an apology, saying the "closing comments were intended as an ironic joke, not as a call to action". Following the 7 July 2005 London bombings, The Guardian published an article on its comment pages by Dilpazier Aslam, a 27-year-old British Muslim and journalism trainee from Yorkshire. Aslam was a member of Hizb ut-Tahrir, an Islamist group, and had published a number of articles on their website. According to the newspaper, it did not know that Aslam was a member of Hizb ut-Tahrir when he applied to become a trainee, though several staff members were informed of this once he started at the paper. The Home Office said that the group's "ultimate aim is the establishment of an Islamic state (Caliphate), according to Hizb ut-Tahrir via non-violent means". The Guardian asked Aslam to resign his membership of the group and, when he did not do so, terminated his employment.

In early 2009, The Guardian started a tax investigation into a number of major UK companies, including publishing a database of the tax paid by the FTSE 100 companies. Internal documents relating to Barclays Bank's tax avoidance were removed from The Guardian website after Barclays obtained a gagging order. The newspaper played a pivotal role in exposing the depth of the News of the World phone hacking affair. The Economist's Intelligent Life magazine opined that:

As Watergate is to the Washington Post, and thalidomide to the Sunday Times, so phone-hacking will surely be to The Guardian: a defining moment in its history.

Israeli-Palestinian conflict coverage

In recent decades, The Guardian has been accused of biased criticism of Israeli government policy and of bias against the Palestinians. In December 2003, columnist Julie Burchill cited "striking bias against the state of Israel" as one of the reasons she left the paper for The Times.

Responding to these accusations, a Guardian editorial in 2002 condemned antisemitism and defended the paper's right to criticise the policies and actions of the Israeli government, arguing that those who view such criticism as inherently anti-Jewish are mistaken. Harriet Sherwood, then The Guardian's foreign editor, later its Jerusalem correspondent, has also denied that The Guardian has an anti-Israel bias, saying that the paper aims to cover all viewpoints in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.

On 6 November 2011, Chris Elliott, The Guardian's readers' editor, wrote that "Guardian reporters, writers and editors must be more vigilant about the language they use when writing about Jews or Israel", citing recent cases where The Guardian received complaints regarding language chosen to describe Jews or Israel. Elliott noted that, over nine months, he upheld complaints regarding language in certain articles that were seen as anti-Semitic, revising the language and footnoting this change.

The Guardian's style guide section referred to Tel Aviv as the capital of Israel in 2012. In 2012, media watchdog HonestReporting filed a complaint with the Press Complaints Commission (PCC) after The Guardian ran a correction apologizing for "wrongly" having called Jerusalem as Israel's capital. After an initial ruling supporting The Guardian, the PCC retracted its original ruling, leading to the newspaper's acknowledgement that it was wrong to call Tel Aviv Israel's capital.The Guardian later clarified: "In 1980, the Israeli Knesset enacted a law designating the city of Jerusalem, including East Jerusalem, as the country's capital. In response, the UN security council issued resolution 478, censuring the "change in character and status of the Holy City of Jerusalem" and calling on all member states with diplomatic missions in the city to withdraw. The UN has reaffirmed this position on several occasions, and almost every country now has its embassy in Tel Aviv. While it was therefore right to issue a correction to make clear Israel's designation of Jerusalem as its capital is not recognised by the international community, we accept that it is wrong to state that Tel Aviv – the country's financial and diplomatic centre – is the capital. The style guide has been amended accordingly."

On 11 August 2014 the print edition of The Guardian published a pro-Israeli advocacy advert during the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict featuring Elie Wiesel, headed by the words "Jews rejected child sacrifice 3,500 years ago. Now it's Hamas' turn." The Times had decided against running the ad, although it had already appeared in major American newspapers. One week later, Chris Elliott expressed the opinion that the newspaper should have rejected the language used in the advert and should have negotiated with the advertiser on this matter.

In October 2023, The Guardian stated it would not renew the contract of cartoonist Steve Bell after he submitted a cartoon featuring Netanyahu, with his shirt open, wearing boxing gloves and holding a scalpel over a dotted shape of the Gaza Strip on his stomach. The caption read: "Residents of Gaza, get out now." Due to what has been seen by some as a reference to Shakespeare's Shylock's "pound of flesh", it prompted accusations that it was antisemitic. Bell said that he was inspired by the 1960s "Johnson's Scar" cartoon by David Levine of U.S. president Lyndon B Johnson within the context of the Vietnam War.

Clark County

In August 2004, for the US presidential election, the daily G2 supplement launched an experimental letter-writing campaign in Clark County, Ohio, an average-sized county in a swing state. Editor Ian Katz bought a voter list from the county for $25 and asked readers to write to people listed as undecided in the election, giving them an impression of the international view and the importance of voting against President George W. Bush. Katz admitted later that he did not believe Democrats who warned that the campaign would benefit Bush and not opponent John Kerry. The newspaper scrapped "Operation Clark County" on 21 October 2004 after first publishing a column of responses—nearly all of them outraged—to the campaign under the headline "Dear Limey assholes". Some commentators suggested that the public's dislike of the campaign contributed to Bush's victory in Clark County.

International editions

In 2007, the paper launched Guardian America, an attempt to capitalise on its large online readership in the United States, which at the time stood at more than 5.9 million. The company hired former American Prospect editor, New York magazine columnist and New York Review of Books writer Michael Tomasky to head the project and hire a staff of American reporters and web editors. The site featured news from The Guardian that was relevant to an American audience: coverage of US news and the Middle East, for example.

Tomasky stepped down from his position as editor of Guardian America in February 2009, ceding editing and planning duties to other US and London staff. He retained his position as a columnist and blogger, taking the title editor-at-large.

In October 2009, the company abandoned the Guardian America homepage, instead directing users to a US news index page on the main Guardian website. The following month, the company laid off six American employees, including a reporter, a multimedia producer and four web editors. The move came as Guardian News and Media opted to reconsider its US strategy amid a huge effort to cut costs across the company. In subsequent years, however, The Guardian has hired various commentators on US affairs including Ana Marie Cox, Michael Wolff, Naomi Wolf, Glenn Greenwald and George W. Bush's former speechwriter Josh Treviño. Treviño's first blog post was an apology for a controversial tweet posted in June 2011 over the second Gaza flotilla, the controversy which had been revived by the appointment.

Guardian US launched in September 2011, led by editor-in-chief Janine Gibson, which replaced the previous Guardian America service. After a period during which Katharine Viner served as the US editor-in-chief before taking charge of Guardian News and Media as a whole, Viner's former deputy, Lee Glendinning, was appointed to succeed her as head of the American operation at the beginning of June 2015.

The Guardian later launched Australian and "International" digital editions in 2013 and 2015 respectively. In September 2023, a European digital edition was launched, part of the newspaper's efforts to be "even more European in its perspective, not less" after Brexit. Ten journalists and four columnists were initially hired for the edition. After a year, European readership increased 15%, with Ireland, Germany, France, Spain, and the Netherlands providing the editions biggest audiences.

Gagged from reporting Parliament

In October 2009, The Guardian reported that it was forbidden to report on a parliamentary matter – a question recorded in a Commons order paper, to be answered by a minister later that week. The newspaper noted that it was being "forbidden from telling its readers why the paper is prevented—for the first time in memory—from reporting parliament. Legal obstacles, which cannot be identified, involve proceedings, which cannot be mentioned, on behalf of a client who must remain secret. The only fact The Guardian can report is that the case involves the London solicitors Carter-Ruck." The paper further claimed that this case appears "to call into question privileges guaranteeing free speech established under the 1689 Bill of Rights".

The only parliamentary question mentioning Carter-Ruck in the relevant period was by Paul Farrelly MP, in reference to legal action by Barclays and Trafigura. The part of the question referencing Carter-Ruck relates to the latter company's September 2009 gagging order on the publication of a 2006 internal report into the 2006 Côte d'Ivoire toxic waste dump scandal, which involved a class action case that the company only settled in September 2009 after The Guardian published some of the commodity trader's internal emails. The reporting injunction was lifted the next day, as Carter-Ruck withdrew it before The Guardian could challenge it in the High Court. Alan Rusbridger attributed the rapid back-down by Carter-Ruck to postings on Twitter, as did a BBC News Online article.

Edward Snowden leaks and intervention by the UK government

In June 2013, the newspaper broke news of the secret collection of Verizon telephone records held by Barack Obama's administration and subsequently revealed the existence of the PRISM surveillance program after it was leaked to the paper by former NSA contractor Edward Snowden. The Guardian said a DSMA-Notice had been sent to editors and journalists on 7 June after the first Guardian story about the Snowden documents. It said the DSMA-Notice was being used as an "attempt to censor coverage of surveillance tactics employed by intelligence agencies in the UK and US".

The newspaper was subsequently contacted by the British government's Cabinet Secretary, Sir Jeremy Heywood, under instruction from Prime Minister David Cameron and Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg, who ordered that the hard drives containing the information be destroyed. The Guardian's offices were then visited in July by agents from the UK's GCHQ, who supervised the destruction of the hard drives containing information acquired from Snowden. The Guardian said it had destroyed the hard drives to avoid threatened legal action by the UK government that could have stopped it from reporting on US and British government surveillance contained in the documents. In June 2014, The Register reported that the information the government sought to suppress by destroying the hard drives related to the location of a "beyond top secret" internet monitoring base in Seeb, Oman, and the close involvement of BT and Cable & Wireless in intercepting internet communications. Julian Assange criticised the newspaper for not publishing the entirety of the content when it had the chance. Rusbridger had initially covered the Snowden documents without the government's supervision, but subsequently sought it, and established an ongoing relationship with the Defence Ministry. The Guardian coverage of Snowden later continued because the information had already been copied outside the United Kingdom, earning the company's US website, The Guardian US, an American Pulitzer Prize for Public Service in 2014. Rusbridger and subsequent chief editors would sit on the government's DSMA-notice board.

Treatment of Julian Assange

The Guardian published the US diplomatic cables files and the Guantanamo Bay files in collaboration with Julian Assange and WikiLeaks. When some of the diplomatic cables were made available online in unredacted form, WikiLeaks blamed Guardian journalists David Leigh and Luke Harding for publishing the encryption key to the files in their book WikiLeaks: Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy. The Guardian blamed Assange for the release of the unredacted cables.

Journalist Glenn Greenwald, a former contributor to The Guardian, accused The Guardian of publishing false claims about Assange in a report about an interview Assange gave to Italian newspaper La Repubblica. The Guardian article had claimed that Assange had praised Donald Trump and criticised Hillary Clinton and also alleged that Assange had "long had a close relationship with the Putin regime". Greenwald wrote: "This article is about how those false claims—fabrications, really—were spread all over the internet by journalists, causing hundreds of thousands of people (if not millions) to consume false news". The Guardian later amended its article about Assange to remove the claim about his connection to the Russian government. While Assange was in the Ecuadorian embassy, The Guardian published a number of articles pushing the narrative that there was a link between Assange and the Russian government.

In a November 2018 Guardian article, Luke Harding and Dan Collyns cited anonymous sources which stated that Donald Trump's former campaign manager Paul Manafort held secret meetings with WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange inside the Ecuadorian embassy in London in 2013, 2015, and 2016. The name of a third author, Fernando Villavicencio, was removed from the online version of the story soon after publication. The title of the story was originally 'Manafort held secret talks with Assange in Ecuadorian embassy'. A few hours after publication, 'sources say' was added to the title, and the meeting became an 'apparent meeting'. One reporter characterised the story, "If it's right, it might be the biggest get this year. If it's wrong, it might be the biggest gaffe." Manafort and Assange both said they had never met, with the latter threatening legal action against The Guardian. Ecuador's London consul Fidel Narváez, who had worked at Ecuador's embassy in London from 2010 to July 2018, said that Manafort had not visited Assange. Serge Halimi said Harding had a personal grievance against Assange and noted that Manafort's name does not appear in the Ecuadorian embassy's visitors' book and there were no pictures of Manafort entering or leaving "one of the most surveilled and filmed buildings on the planet". The Guardian has neither retracted nor apologised for the story about the meeting. Stella Moris, Assange's wife, said The Guardian failed in its responsibility to Assange and its "negligence has created such a problem that if Julian dies or is extradited, that will forever blot the reputation of the Guardian".

Joseph Mayton

In 2016 The Guardian took down from its website 13 articles written by freelance journalist Joseph Mayton that it believed to include fabricated information, and apologised to its readers and to those people "whose words were misrepresented or falsified".

Priti Patel cartoon

In 2020 The Guardian was accused of being "racist and misogynistic" after it published a cartoon depicting Home Secretary, Priti Patel as a cow with a ring in its nose in an alleged reference to her Hindu faith, since cows are considered sacred in Hinduism.

Alleged WhatsApp backdoor

After publishing a story on 13 January 2017 claiming that WhatsApp had a "backdoor allows snooping on messages", more than 70 professional cryptographers signed on to an open letter calling for The Guardian to retract the article. On 13 June 2017, readers' editor Paul Chadwick released an article detailing the flawed reporting in the original January article, which was amended to remove references to a backdoor.

Spanish-language edition

In January 2021, The Guardian began publishing in the Spanish language under the La Lista newspaper.

Suella Braverman comments

In October 2022, Suella Braverman speaking in Parliament blamed "Guardian-reading, tofu-eating wokerati" for disruptive Just Stop Oil protests.

2022 cyber-attack

In December 2022 it was reported that The Guardian had suffered a significant cyber-attack on its office systems, thought to be ransomware. Staff were directed to work from home and were able to continue publishing to the website despite the loss of some internal systems. The print edition also continued to be produced. On 4 January 2023, UK staff were informed of a security breach and that the Information Commissioner's Office had been notified, as required by GDPR. It was indicated that staff would continue working from home until at least 23 January. The newspaper confirmed on 11 January that personal details of all UK staff had been accessed by criminals.

Cyprus Confidential

In November 2023, the Guardian joined with the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, Paper Trail Media [de] and 69 media partners including Distributed Denial of Secrets and the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP) and more than 270 journalists in 55 countries and territories to produce the 'Cyprus Confidential' report on the financial network which supports the regime of Vladimir Putin, mostly with connections to Cyprus, and showed Cyprus to have strong links with high-up figures in the Kremlin, some of whom have been sanctioned. Government officials including Cyprus president Nikos Christodoulides and European lawmakers began responding to the investigation's findings in less than 24 hours, calling for reforms and launching probes.

Quitting X (Twitter)

On 13 November 2024, a week after Donald Trump was elected as US president for the second time, The Guardian announced that it would no longer post content on X, due what it perceived as the overwhelming amount of misinformation, far-right conspiracy theories and racism on the social media platform, especially during the latest election. The Guardian said that readers would still be able to share articles on the platform and reporters would be able to continue using it for 'news-gathering purposes'.

Ownership and finances

The Guardian is part of the Guardian Media Group (GMG) of newspapers, radio stations and print media. GMG components include The Observer, The Guardian Weekly and TheGuardian.com. All were owned by The Scott Trust, a charitable foundation existing between 1936 and 2008, which aimed to ensure the paper's editorial independence in perpetuity, maintaining its financial health to ensure it did not become vulnerable to takeovers by commercial media groups. At the beginning of October 2008, the Scott Trust's assets were transferred to a new limited company, The Scott Trust Limited, with the intention being that the original trust would be wound up. Dame Liz Forgan, chair of the Scott Trust, reassured staff that the purposes of the new company remained the same as under the previous arrangements.

The Guardian is the only British national daily to conduct (since 2003) an annual social, ethical and environmental audit in which it examines, under the scrutiny of an independent external auditor, its own behaviour as a company. It is also the only British national daily newspaper to employ an internal ombudsman (called the "readers' editor") to handle complaints and corrections.

The Guardian and its parent groups participate in Project Syndicate and intervened in 1995 to save the Mail & Guardian in South Africa; GMG sold the majority of its shares of the Mail & Guardian in 2002.

The Guardian was consistently loss-making until 2019. The National Newspaper division of GMG, which also includes The Observer, reported operating losses of £49.9 million in 2006, up from £18.6 million in 2005. The paper was therefore heavily dependent on cross-subsidisation from profitable companies within the group.

The continual losses made by the National Newspaper division of the Guardian Media Group caused it to dispose of its Regional Media division by selling titles to competitor Trinity Mirror in March 2010. This included the flagship Manchester Evening News, and severed the historic link between that paper and The Guardian. The sale was in order to safeguard the future of The Guardian newspaper as is the intended purpose of the Scott Trust.

In June 2011 Guardian News and Media revealed increased annual losses of £33 million and announced that it was looking to focus on its online edition for news coverage, leaving the print edition to contain more comments and features. It was also speculated that The Guardian might become the first British national daily paper to be fully online.

For the three years up to June 2012, the paper lost £100,000 a day, which prompted Intelligent Life to question whether The Guardian could survive.

Between 2007 and 2014 The Guardian Media Group sold all their side businesses, of regional papers and online portals for classifieds, and consolidated into The Guardian as sole product. The sales let them acquire a capital stock of £838.3 million as of July 2014, supposed to guarantee the independence of the Guardian in perpetuity. In the first year, the paper made more losses than predicted, and in January 2016 the publishers announced that The Guardian would cut 20 per cent of staff and costs within the next three years. The newspaper is rare in calling for direct contributions "to deliver the independent journalism the world needs."

The Guardian Media Group's 2018 annual report (year ending 1 April 2018) indicated significant changes. Its digital (online) editions accounted for over 50% of group revenues by that time; the loss from news and media operations was £18.6 million, 52% lower than during the prior year (2017: £38.9 million). The Group had cut costs by £19.1 million, partly by switching its print edition to the tabloid format. The Guardian Media Group's owner, the Scott Trust Endowment Fund, reported that its value at the time was £1.01 billion (2017: £1.03 billion). In the following financial report (for the year 2018–2019), the group reported a profit (EBITDA) of £0.8 million before exceptional items, thus breaking even in 2019.

To be sustainable, the annual subsidy must fall within the £25 million of interest returned on the investments from the Scott Trust Endowment Fund.

"Membership" subscription scheme

In 2014, The Guardian launched a membership scheme. The scheme aims to reduce the financial losses incurred by The Guardian without introducing a paywall, thus maintaining open access to the website. Website readers can pay a monthly subscription, with three tiers available. As of 2018 this approach was considered successful, having brought more than 1 million subscriptions or donations, with the paper hoping to break even by April 2019.

Foundation funding

In 2016, the company established a U.S.-based philanthropic arm to raise money from individuals and organizations including think tanks and corporate foundations. The grants are focused by the donors on particular issues. By the following year, the organization had raised $1 million from the likes of Pierre Omidyar's Humanity United, the Skoll Foundation, and the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation to finance reporting on topics including modern-day slavery and climate change. The Guardian has stated that it has secured $6 million "in multi-year funding commitments" thus far.

The new project developed from funding relationships which the paper already had with the Ford, Rockefeller, and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Gates had given the organization $5 million for its Global Development webpage.

As of March 2020, the journal claims to be "the first major global news organisation to institute an outright ban on taking money from companies that extract fossil fuels."

Political stance and editorial opinion

Founded by textile traders and merchants, in its early years The Guardian had a reputation as "an organ of the middle class", or in the words of C. P. Scott's son Ted, "a paper that will remain bourgeois to the last". Associated at first with the Little Circle and hence with classical liberalism as expressed by the Whigs and later by the Liberal Party, its political orientation underwent a decisive change after World War II, leading to a gradual alignment with Labour and the political left in general.

The Scott Trust describes one of its "core purposes" to be "to secure the financial and editorial independence of the Guardian in perpetuity: as a quality national newspaper without party affiliation; remaining faithful to its liberal tradition". The paper's readership is generally on the mainstream left of British political opinion: a MORI poll taken between April and June 2000 showed that 80 per cent of Guardian readers were Labour Party voters; according to another MORI poll taken in 2005, 48 per cent of Guardian readers were Labour voters and 34 per cent Liberal Democrat voters. The term "Guardian reader" can be used to imply a stereotype of modern liberal, left-wing or "politically correct" views.

Although the paper is often considered to be "linked inextricably" to the Labour Party, three of The Guardian's four leader writers joined the more centrist Social Democratic Party on its foundation in 1981. The paper was enthusiastic in its support for Tony Blair in his successful bid to lead the Labour Party, and to be elected Prime Minister. On 19 January 2003, two months before the 2003 invasion of Iraq, an Observer Editorial said: "Military intervention in the Middle East holds many dangers. But if we want a lasting peace it may be the only option. ... War with Iraq may yet not come, but, conscious of the potentially terrifying responsibility resting with the British Government, we find ourselves supporting the current commitment to a possible use of force." The Guardian, however, opposed the war, along with the Daily Mirror and The Independent.

Then Guardian features editor Ian Katz asserted in 2004 that "it is no secret we are a centre-left newspaper". In 2008, Guardian columnist Jackie Ashley said that editorial contributors were a mix of "right-of-centre libertarians, greens, Blairites, Brownites, Labourite but less enthusiastic Brownites, etc.," and that the newspaper was "clearly left of centre and vaguely progressive". She also said that "you can be absolutely certain that come the next general election, The Guardian's stance will not be dictated by the editor, still less any foreign proprietor (it helps that there isn't one) but will be the result of vigorous debate within the paper". The paper's comment and opinion pages, though often written by centre-left contributors such as Polly Toynbee, have allowed some space for right-of-centre voices such as Sir Max Hastings and Michael Gove. Since an editorial in 2000, The Guardian has favoured abolition of the British monarchy. "I write for the Guardian," said Max Hastings in 2005, "because it is read by the new establishment," reflecting the paper's then-growing influence.

In the run-up to the 2010 general election, following a meeting of the editorial staff, the paper declared its support for the Liberal Democrats, due in particular, to the party's stance on electoral reform. The paper suggested tactical voting to prevent a Conservative victory, given Britain's first-past-the-post electoral system. At the 2015 election, the paper switched its support to the Labour Party. The paper argued that Britain needed a new direction and Labour "speaks with more urgency than its rivals on social justice, standing up to predatory capitalism, on investment for growth, on reforming and strengthening the public realm, Britain's place in Europe and international development".

Assistant Editor Michael White, in discussing media self-censorship in March 2011, says: "I have always sensed liberal, middle class ill-ease in going after stories about immigration, legal or otherwise, about welfare fraud or the less attractive tribal habits of the working class, which is more easily ignored altogether. Toffs, including royal ones, Christians, especially popes, governments of Israel, and U.S. Republicans are more straightforward targets."

In a 2013 interview for NPR, The Guardian's Latin America correspondent Rory Carroll stated that many editors at The Guardian believed and continue to believe that they should support Hugo Chávez "because he was a standard-bearer for the left".

In the 2015 United Kingdom general election, it endorsed the Labour Party.

In the 2015 Labour Party leadership election, The Guardian supported Blairite candidate Yvette Cooper and was critical of left-winger Jeremy Corbyn, the successful candidate. These positions were criticised by the Morning Star, which accused The Guardian of being conservative. Although the majority of Guardian columnists were against Corbyn winning, Owen Jones, Seumas Milne, and George Monbiot wrote supportive articles about him. Despite the critical position of the paper in general, The Guardian endorsed the Labour Party while Corbyn was its leader in the 2017 and 2019 general elections — although in both cases they endorsed a vote for opposition parties other than Labour, such as the Liberal Democrats and the Scottish National Party in seats where Labour did not stand a chance.

In the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, The Guardian endorsed remaining in the EU, and in the 2019 European election invited its readers to vote for pro-EU candidates, without endorsing specific parties.

Circulation and format

The Guardian had a certified average daily circulation of 204,222 copies in December 2012 — a drop of 11.25 per cent in January 2012 — as compared to sales of 547,465 for The Daily Telegraph, 396,041 for The Times, and 78,082 for The Independent. In March 2013, its average daily circulation had fallen to 193,586, according to the Audit Bureau of Circulations. Circulation has continued to decline and stood at 161,091 in December 2016, a decline of 2.98 per cent year-on-year. In July 2021, the circulation was 105,134; later that year, the publishers stopped making circulation data public.

Publication history

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

The first edition was published on 5 May 1821, at which time The Guardian was a weekly, published on Saturdays and costing 7d; the stamp duty on newspapers (4d per sheet) forced the price up so high that it was uneconomic to publish more frequently. When the stamp duty was cut in 1836, The Guardian added a Wednesday edition and with the abolition of the tax in 1855 it became a daily paper costing 2d.

In October 1952, the paper took the step of printing news on the front page, replacing the adverts that had hitherto filled that space. Then-editor A. P. Wadsworth wrote: "It is not a thing I like myself, but it seems to be accepted by all the newspaper pundits that it is preferable to be in fashion."

Following the closure of the Anglican Church Newspaper, The Guardian, in 1951, the paper dropped "Manchester" from its title in 1959, becoming simply The Guardian. In 1964 it moved to London, losing some of its regional agenda but continuing to be heavily subsidised by sales of the more downmarket but more profitable Manchester Evening News. The financial position remained extremely poor into the 1970s; at one time it was in merger talks with The Times. The paper consolidated its centre-left stance during the 1970s and 1980s.

On 12 February 1988, The Guardian had a significant redesign; as well as improving the quality of its printers' ink, it also changed its masthead to a juxtaposition of an italic Garamond "The", with a bold Helvetica "Guardian", that remained in use until the 2005 redesign.

In 1992, The Guardian relaunched its features section as G2, a tabloid-format supplement. This innovation was widely copied by the other "quality" broadsheets and ultimately led to the rise of "compact" papers and The Guardian's move to the Berliner format. In 1993 the paper declined to participate in the broadsheet price war started by Rupert Murdoch's The Times. In June 1993, The Guardian bought The Observer from Lonrho, thus gaining a serious Sunday sister newspaper with similar political views.

Its international weekly edition is now titled The Guardian Weekly, though it retained the title Manchester Guardian Weekly for some years after the home edition had moved to London. It includes sections from a number of other internationally significant newspapers of a somewhat left-of-centre inclination, including Le Monde and The Washington Post. The Guardian Weekly was also linked to a website for expatriates, Guardian Abroad, which was launched in 2007 but had been taken offline by 2012.

Moving to the Berliner paper format

The Guardian is printed in full colour, and was the first newspaper in the UK to use the Berliner format for its main section, while producing sections and supplements in a range of page sizes including tabloid, approximately A4, and pocket-size (approximately A5).

In 2004, The Guardian announced plans to change to a Berliner or "midi" format, similar to that used by Die Tageszeitung in Germany, Le Monde in France and many other European papers. At 470×315 mm, this is slightly larger than a traditional tabloid. Planned for the autumn of 2005, this change followed moves by The Independent and The Times to start publishing in tabloid (or compact) format. On Thursday, 1 September 2005, The Guardian announced that it would launch the new format on Monday 12 September 2005. Sister Sunday newspaper The Observer also changed to this new format on 8 January 2006.

The format switch was accompanied by a comprehensive redesign of the paper's look. On Friday, 9 September 2005, the newspaper unveiled its newly designed front page, which débuted on Monday 12 September 2005. Designed by Mark Porter, the new look includes a new masthead for the newspaper, its first since 1988. A typeface family designed by Paul Barnes and Christian Schwartz was created for the new design. With just over 200 fonts, it was described as "one of the most ambitious custom type programs ever commissioned by a newspaper". Among the fonts is Guardian Egyptian, a slab serif that is used in various weights for both text and headlines, and is central to the redesign.

The switch cost Guardian Newspapers £80 million and involved setting up new printing presses in east London and Manchester. This switch was necessary because, before The Guardian's move, no printing presses in Britain could produce newspapers in the Berliner format. There were additional complications, as one of the paper's presses was part-owned by Telegraph Newspapers and Express Newspapers, contracted to use the plant until 2009. Another press was shared with the Guardian Media Group's north-western tabloid local papers, which did not wish to switch to the Berliner format.

Reception

The new format was generally well received by Guardian readers, who were encouraged to provide feedback on the changes. The only controversy was over the dropping of the Doonesbury cartoon strip. The paper reported thousands of calls and emails complaining about its loss; within 24 hours the decision was reversed and the strip was reinstated the following week. G2 supplement editor Ian Katz, who was responsible for dropping it, apologised in the editors' blog saying, "I'm sorry, once again, that I made you—and the hundreds of fellow fans who have called our helpline or mailed our comments' address—so cross." However, some readers were dissatisfied as the earlier deadline needed for the all-colour sports section meant coverage of late-finishing evening football matches became less satisfactory in the editions supplied to some parts of the country.

The investment was rewarded with a circulation rise. In December 2005, the average daily sale stood at 380,693, nearly 6 per cent higher than the figure for December 2004. However, by December 2012, circulation had dropped to 204,222. In 2006, the US-based Society for News Design chose The Guardian and Polish daily Rzeczpospolita as the world's best-designed newspapers—from among 389 entries from 44 countries.

Tabloid format since 2018

In June 2017, Guardian Media Group (GMG) announced that The Guardian and The Observer would relaunch in tabloid format from early 2018. The Guardian confirmed the launch date for the new format to be 15 January 2018. GMG also signed a contract with Trinity Mirror – the publisher of the Daily Mirror, Sunday Mirror, and Sunday People – to outsource printing of The Guardian and The Observer.

The format change was intended to help cut costs as it allowed the paper to be printed by a wider array of presses, and outsourcing the printing to presses owned by Trinity Mirror was expected to save millions of pounds annually. The move was part of a three-year plan that included cutting 300 jobs in an attempt to reduce losses and break even by 2019. The paper and ink are the same as previously and the font size is fractionally larger.

An assessment of the response from readers in late April 2018 indicated that the new format had led to an increased number of subscriptions. The editors were working on changing aspects that had caused complaints from readers.

In July 2018, the masthead of the new tabloid format was adjusted to a dark blue.

Online media

The Guardian and its Sunday sibling The Observer publish all their news online, with free access both to current news and an archive of three million stories. A third of the site's hits are for items over a month old. As of May 2013, it was the most popular UK newspaper website with 8.2 million unique visitors per month, just ahead of Mail Online with 7.6 million unique monthly visitors. In April 2011, MediaWeek reported that The Guardian was the fifth most popular newspaper site in the world. Journalists use an analytics tool called Ophan, built entirely in-house, to measure website data around stories and audience. However, the number of online readers had drastically dropped by July 2021.

The Guardian launched an iOS mobile application for its content in 2009. An Android app followed in 2011. In 2018, the newspaper announced its apps and mobile website would be redesigned to coincide with its relaunch as a tabloid.

The Comment is Free section features columns by the paper's journalists and regular commentators, as well as articles from guest writers, including readers' comments and responses below. The section includes all the opinion pieces published in the paper itself, as well as many others that only appear online. Censorship is exercised by Moderators who can ban posts – with no right of appeal – by those who they feel have overstepped the mark. The Guardian has taken what they call a very "open" stance in delivering news, and have launched an open platform for their content. This allows external developers to easily use Guardian content in external applications, and even to feed third-party content back into the Guardian network. The Guardian also had a number of talkboards that were noted for their mix of political discussion and whimsy until they were closed on Friday, 25 February 2011 after they had settled a libel action brought after months of harassment of a conservative party activist. They were spoofed in The Guardian's own regular humorous Chatroom column in G2. The spoof column purported to be excerpts from a chatroom on permachat.co.uk, a real URL that pointed to The Guardian's talkboards.

In August 2013, a webshow titled Thinkfluencer was launched by Guardian Multimedia in association with Arte.

In 2004 the paper also launched a dating website, Guardian Soulmates. On 1 July 2020, Guardian Soulmates was closed down with the explanation: "It hasn't been an easy decision to make, but the online dating world is a very different place to when we first launched online in July 2004. There are so many dating apps now, so many ways to meet people, which are often free and very quick." An American version of the website titled Guardian America was an American version of the British news website Guardian Unlimited intended to win more U.S.-based readers. It was abandoned in October 2009. The Guardian launched an .onion version of its website on the Tor network in May 2022, with assistance from Alec Muffett.

Podcasts

The paper entered podcasting in 2005 with a twelve-part weekly podcast series by Ricky Gervais. In January 2006, Gervais' show topped the iTunes podcast chart having been downloaded by two million listeners worldwide, and was scheduled to be listed in the 2007 Guinness Book of Records as the most downloaded podcast.

The Guardian now offers several regular podcasts made by its journalists. One of the most prominent is Today in Focus, a daily news podcast hosted by Anushka Asthana and launched on 1 November 2018. It was an immediate success and became one of the UK's most-downloaded podcasts.

GuardianFilms

In 2003 The Guardian started the film production company GuardianFilms, headed by journalist Maggie O'Kane. Much of the company's output is documentary made for television– and it has included Salam Pax's Baghdad Blogger for BBC Two's daily flagship Newsnight, some of which have been shown in compilations by CNN International, Sex on the Streets and Spiked, both made for the UK's Channel 4 television.

GuardianFilms has received several broadcasting awards. In addition to two Amnesty International Media Awards in 2004 and 2005, The Baghdad Blogger: Salam Pax won a Royal Television Society Award in 2005. Baghdad: A Doctor's Story won an Emmy Award for Best International Current Affairs film in 2007. In 2008 photojournalist Sean Smith's Inside the Surge won the Royal Television Society award for best international news film – the first time a newspaper has won such an award. The same year, The Guardian's Katine website was awarded for its outstanding new media output at the One World Media awards. Again in 2008, GuardianFilms' undercover video report revealing vote rigging by Robert Mugabe's ZANU–PF party during the 2007 Zimbabwe election won best news programme of the year at the Broadcast Awards.

References in popular culture

The paper's nickname The Grauniad (sometimes abbreviated as "Graun") originated with the satirical magazine Private Eye. This anagram played on The Guardian's early reputation for frequent typographical errors, including misspelling its own name as The Gaurdian.

The first issue of the newspaper contained a number of errors, including a notification that there would soon be some goods sold at atction instead of auction. Fewer typographical errors are seen in the paper since the end of hot-metal typesetting. One Guardian writer, Keith Devlin, suggested that the high number of observed misprints was due more to the quality of the readership than the misprints' greater frequency. The newspaper was printed in Manchester until 1961 and the fact that the prints sent to London by train were the early, more error-prone, prints may have contributed to this image as well. When John Cole was appointed news editor by Alastair Hetherington in 1963, he sharpened the paper's comparatively "amateurish" setup.

Employees of The Guardian and sister paper The Observer have been depicted in the films The Fifth Estate (2013), Snowden (2016) and Official Secrets (2019), while Paddy Considine played a fictional Guardian journalist in the film The Bourne Ultimatum (2007).

Awards

Received

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (April 2024)

The Guardian has been awarded the National Newspaper of the Year in 1998, 2005, 2010 and 2013 by the British Press Awards, and Front Page of the Year in 2002 ("A declaration of war", 12 September 2001). It was also co-winner of the World's Best-designed Newspaper as awarded by the Society for News Design (2005, 2007, 2013, 2014).

Guardian journalists have won a range of British Press Awards, including:

• Reporter of the Year (Nick Davies, 2000; Paul Lewis, 2010; Rob Evans & Paul Lewis, 2014);
• Foreign Reporter of the Year (James Meek, 2004; Ghaith Abdul-Ahad, 2008);
• Scoop of the Year (Milly Dowler phone hacked, 2012)
• Young Journalist of the Year (Emma Brockes, 2001; Patrick Kingsley, 2013);
• Columnist of the Year (Polly Toynbee, 2007; Charlie Brooker, 2009);
• Critic of the Year (Marina O'Loughlin, 2015);
• Feature Writer of the Year (Emma Brockes, 2002; Tanya Gold, 2009; Amelia Gentleman, 2010);
• Cartoonist of the Year (Steve Bell, 2003);
• Political Journalist of the Year (Patrick Wintour, 2006; Andrew Sparrow, 2010);
• Science & Health Journalist of the Year (Sarah Boseley, 2016);
• Business & Finance Journalist of the Year (Ian Griffiths, 2005; Simon Goodley, 2014);
• Interviewer of the Year (Decca Aitkenhead, 2008);
• Sports Reporter of the Year (David Lacey, 1997, 2002);
• Sports Photographer of the Year (Tom Jenkins, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2015);
• Website of the Year (guardian.com/uk, 1999, 2001, 2007, 2008, 2015, 2020);
• Digital Journalist of the Year (Dan Milmo, 2001; Sean Smith, 2008; Dave Hill, 2009)
• Supplement of the Year (Guardian's Guides to..., 2007; Weekend Magazine, 2015)
• Special Supplement of the Year (World Cup 2010 Guide, 2010)

Other awards include:

• Bevins Prize for investigative journalism (Paul Lewis, 2010);
• Martha Gellhorn Prize for Journalism (Nick Davies, 1999; Chris McGreal, 2003; Ghaith Abdul-Ahad, 2005; Ian Cobain, 2009).

The excellence of GUARDIAN environmental reporting has been recognized with numerous SEAL Environmental Journalism Awards: (Damian Carrington, 2017, 2018; Johnathan Watts, 2018, 2019; Fiona Harvey, 2019, 2020; George Monbiot, 2017; and Richa Syal, 2022).

The Guardian, Observer and its journalists have also won numerous accolades at the British Sports Journalism Awards:

• Sports Writer of the Year (Daniel Taylor, 2017)
• Sports News Reporter of the Year (David Conn, 2009, 2014)
• Football Journalist of the Year (Daniel Taylor, 2015, 2016, 2017)
• Sports Interviewer of the Year (Donald McRae, 2009, 2011)
• Diarist of the Year (David Hills, 2009)
• Sports Feature Writer of the Year (Donald McRae, 2017, 2018)
• Specialist Correspondent of the Year (Sean Ingle, 2016, 2017)
• Scoop of the Year (Daniel Taylor 2016; Martha Kelner and Sean Ingle, 2017)
• Sports Newspaper of the Year (2017)
• Sports Website of the Year (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)
• Sports Journalists' Association Sports Portfolio of the Year (Tom Jenkins, 2011)

The guardian.co.uk website won the Best Newspaper category three years running in 2005, 2006 and 2007 Webby Awards, beating (in 2005) The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal and Variety. It has been the winner for six years in a row of the British Press Awards for Best Electronic Daily Newspaper. The site won an Eppy award from the US-based magazine Editor & Publisher in 2000 for the best-designed newspaper online service.

In 2007, the newspaper was ranked first in a study on transparency that analysed 25 mainstream English-language media vehicles, which was conducted by the International Center for Media and the Public Agenda of the University of Maryland. It scored 3.8 out of a possible 4.0.

The Guardian US and The Washington Post shared the 2014 Pulitzer Prize for public service reporting for their coverage of the NSA's and GCHQ's worldwide electronic surveillance program and the document leaks by whistleblower Edward Snowden.

Given

The Guardian is the sponsor of two major literary awards: The Guardian First Book Award, established in 1999 as a successor to the Guardian Fiction Award, which had run since 1965, and the Guardian Children's Fiction Prize, founded in 1967. In recent years the newspaper has also sponsored the Hay Festival in Hay-on-Wye.

The annual Guardian Student Media Awards, founded in 1999, recognise excellence in journalism and design of British university and college student newspapers, magazines and websites.

In memory of Paul Foot, who died in 2004, The Guardian and Private Eye jointly set up the Paul Foot Award, with an annual £10,000 prize fund, for investigative or campaigning journalism.

The newspaper produces The Guardian 100 Best Footballers In The World. Since 2018 it has also co-produced the female equivalent, The 100 Best Female Footballers In The World.

In 2016, The Guardian began awarding an annual Footballer of the Year award, given to a footballer regardless of gender "who has done something truly remarkable, whether by overcoming adversity, helping others or setting a sporting example by acting with exceptional honesty."

Best books lists

• The Guardian's 100 best novels is a list of the best English-language novels as selected by Robert McCrum.
• The Guardian's 100 greatest non-fiction book list has come out in 2011 and in 2017, as selected by Robert McCrum.

Editors

Notable regular contributors (past and present)

Columnists and journalists:

• David Aaronovitch
• James Agate
• Ian Aitken
• Decca Aitkenhead
• Brian Aldiss
• Tariq Ali
• Araucaria
• John Arlott
• Claire Armitstead
• Mark Arnold-Forster
• Jackie Ashley
• Dilpazier Aslam
• Harriet Baber
• Nancy Banks-Smith
• Leonard Barden
• Laura Barton
• Catherine Bennett
• Marcel Berlins
• Michael Billington
• Heston Blumenthal
• Sidney Blumenthal
• Boutros Boutros-Ghali
• Frankie Boyle
• Mark Boyle
• Lloyd Bradley
• Russell Brand
• Emma Brockes
• Charlie Brooker
• Thom Brooks
• Guy Browning
• Alex Brummer
• Inayat Bunglawala
• Madeleine Bunting
• Julie Burchill
• Simon Callow
• James Cameron
• Duncan Campbell
• Neville Cardus
• Alexander Chancellor
• Kira Cochrane
• Mark Cocker
• Alistair Cooke
• G. D. H. Cole
• John Cole
• Rosalind Coward
• Gavyn Davies
• Robin Denselow
• Beth Ditto
• Tim Dowling
• Terry Eagleton
• Larry Elliott
• Matthew Engel
• Edzard Ernst
• Harold Evans
• Evelyn Flinders
• Paul Foot
• Liz Forgan
• Brian J. Ford
• John Fordham
• Dawn Foster
• Nigel Fountain
• Ebenezer Fox
• Michael Frayn
• Jonathan Freedland
• Hadley Freeman
• Timothy Garton Ash
• Tanya Gold
• Ben Goldacre
• Victor Gollancz
• Richard Gott
• A. C. Grayling
• Roy Greenslade
• Germaine Greer
• A. Harry Griffin
• Ben Hammersley
• Clifford Harper
• Mehdi Hasan
• Max Hastings
• Roy Hattersley
• David Hencke
• Georgina Henry
• Isabel Hilton
• L. T. Hobhouse
• J. A. Hobson
• Tom Hodgkinson
• Will Hodgkinson
• Simon Hoggart
• Stewart Holden
• Clare Hollingworth
• Will Hutton
• Marina Hyde
• C. L. R. James
• Erwin James (pseudonym)
• Waldemar Januszczak
• Simon Jenkins
• Stanley Johnson
• Owen Jones
• Alex Kapranos
• Saeed Kamali Dehghan
• Victor Keegan
• Martin Kelner
• Emma Kennedy
• Maev Kennedy
• Martin Kettle
• Arthur Koestler
• Aleks Krotoski
• David Lacey
• Mark Lawson
• David Leigh
• Rod Liddle
• Sue Limb (as Dulcie Domum)
• Maureen Lipman
• Joris Luyendijk
• John Maddox
• Derek Malcolm
• Dan McDougall
• Johnjoe McFadden
• Melanie McFadyean
• Neil McIntosh
• David McKie
• Gareth McLean
• Ian Mayes
• Anna Minton
• David Mitchell
• George Monbiot
• C. E. Montague
• Suzanne Moore
• Malcolm Muggeridge
• James Naughtie
• Richard Norton-Taylor
• Maggie O'Kane
• Susie Orbach
• Greg Palast
• David Pallister
• Michael Parkinson
• 'Salam Pax'
• Jim Perrin
• Melanie Phillips
• Helen Pidd
• John Pilger
• Anna Politkovskaya
• Peter Preston
• Tim Radford
• Arthur Ransome
• Adam Raphael
• Andrew Rawnsley
• Brian Redhead
• James H Reeve
• Gillian Reynolds
• Simon Rogers
• Jon Ronson
• Rhik Samadder
• Ash Sarkar
• Jack Schofield
• Mike Selvey
• Norman Shrapnel
• Frank Sidebottom
• Posy Simmonds
• Howard Spring
• Jean Stead
• David Steel
• Jonathan Steele
• Mary Stott
• Allegra Stratton
• John Sutherland
• R. H. Tawney
• A. J. P. Taylor
• Simon Tisdall
• Arnold Toynbee
• Polly Toynbee
• Jill Tweedie
• Bibi van der Zee
• F. A. Voigt
• Ed Vulliamy
• Hilary Wainwright
• Martin Walker
• Hank Wangford
• Jim Waterson
• Jonathan Watts
• Francis Wheen
• Brian Whitaker
• Estelle White
• Michael White
• Ann Widdecombe
• Zoe Williams
• Ted Wragg
• Hugo Young
• Gary Younge
• Xue Xinran
• Tony Zappone
• Jack Massarik
• Slavoj Žižek
• Victor Zorza

Cartoonists:

• David Austin
• Steve Bell
• Joe Berger
• Berke Breathed
• Biff
• Peter Clarke
• Les Gibbard
• John Kent
• Jamie Lenman
• David Low
• Martin Rowson
• Posy Simmonds
• Garry Trudeau

Satirists:

• John Crace
• Jeremy Hardy
• Armando Iannucci
• Terry Jones
• Craig Brown as "Bel Littlejohn"
• John O'Farrell
• Mark Steel

Experts:

• Tim Atkin
• Matthew Fort
• Malcolm Gluck
• Tim Hayward

Photographers and picture editors:

• Herbert Walter Doughty (The Manchester Guardian's first photographer, July 1908)
• Eamonn McCabe
• Sean Smith

Guardian News & Media archive

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

The Guardian and its sister newspaper The Observer opened The Newsroom, an archive and visitor centre in London, in 2002. The centre preserved and promoted the histories and values of the newspapers through its archive, educational programmes and exhibitions. The Newsroom's activities were all transferred to Kings Place in 2008. Now known as The Guardian News & Media archive, the archive preserves and promotes the histories and values of The Guardian and The Observer newspapers by collecting and making accessible material that provides an accurate and comprehensive history of the papers. The archive holds official records of The Guardian and The Observer, and also seeks to acquire material from individuals who have been associated with the papers. As well as corporate records, the archive holds correspondence, diaries, notebooks, original cartoons and photographs belonging to staff of the papers. This material may be consulted by members of the public by prior appointment. An extensive Manchester Guardian archive also exists at the University of Manchester's John Rylands University Library, and there is a collaboration programme between the two archives. Additionally, the British Library has a large archive of The Manchester Guardian available in its British Library Newspapers collection, in online, hard copy, microform, and CD-ROM formats.

In November 2007, The Guardian and The Observer made their archives available over the internet via DigitalArchive. The current extent of the archives available are 1821 to 2000 for The Guardian and 1791 to 2000 for The Observer: these archives will eventually run up to 2003.

The Newsroom's other components were also transferred to Kings Place in 2008. The Guardian's Education Centre provides a range of educational programmes for students and adults. The Guardian's exhibition space was also moved to Kings Place, and has a rolling programme of exhibitions that investigate and reflect upon aspects of news and newspapers and the role of journalism. This programme often draws on the archive collections held in the GNM archive.

See also

• Journalism portal
• United Kingdom portal
• Guardian Monthly
• The Guardian Weekly

References

1.  • Tsang, Amie (15 January 2018). "The Guardian, Britain's Left-Wing News Power, Goes Tabloid". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 16 January 2019. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
   • "The politics of UK newspapers". BBC News. 30 September 2009. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
   • "How left or right-wing are the UK's newspapers?" Archived 11 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine, MediaPolitics & current affairs, YouGov, 7 March 2017.
2. • Payling, Daisy (20 April 2017). "City limits: sexual politics and the new urban left in 1980s Sheffield". Contemporary British Society. 31 (2): 256–273. doi:10.1080/13619462.2017.1306194. ISSN 1361-9462.
   • Villeneuve, Jean-Patrick (9 August 2015). "Who's [sic] fault is it? An analysis of the press coverage of football betting scandals in France and the United Kingdom". Sport in Society: Cultures, Commerce, Media, Politics. 19 (2): 191. doi:10.1080/17430437.2015.1067772. S2CID 146330318.
   • Russell, Adrienne (2017). Journalism and the Nsa Revelations: Privacy, Security and the Press. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 53.
   • Copsy, Nathaniel (21 February 2017). "Rethinking Britain and the European Union: Politicians, the Media and Public Opinion Reconsidered" (PDF). Journal of Common Market Studies. 55 (4): 716. doi:10.1111/jcms.12527. S2CID 151394355. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 July 2019. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
   • Harbisher, Ben (6 February 2016). "The Million Mask March: Language, legitimacy, and dissent". Critical Discourse Studies. 13 (3): 297. doi:10.1080/17405904.2016.1141696. S2CID 147508807.
   • Yuval-Davis, Nira; Varju, Viktor (6 January 2017). "Press discourses on Roma in the UK, Finland and Hungary" (PDF). European Roma. 40 (7): 1153. doi:10.1080/01419870.2017.1267379. S2CID 151843450. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
   • Flew, Terry (11 January 2019). "Digital communication, the crisis of trust, and the post-global" (PDF). Communication Research and Practice. 5 (1): 11. doi:10.1080/22041451.2019.1561394. S2CID 159032311. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 August 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
   • Helton, Levy (17 March 2016). "Reporting the 2014 World Cup: football first and social issues last". Sport in Society: Cultures, Commerce, Media, Politics. 20 (5–6): 574. doi:10.1080/17430437.2016.1158477. S2CID 147644706.
   • Gill, Alisha K; Harrison, Karen (2015). "Child Grooming and Sexual Exploitation: Are South Asian Men the UK Media's New Folk Devils?". Crime Justice Journal. 4 (2): 38. Archived from the original on 22 August 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
   • Painter, James; Neil T, Gavin (27 January 2015). "Climate Skepticism in British Newspapers, 2007–2011". Environmental Communication. 10 (4): 436. doi:10.1080/17524032.2014.995193. S2CID 143214856.
   • Harmer, Emily; Southern, Rosalynd (2019). "Alternative Agendas or More of the Same? Online News Coverage of the 2017 UK Election". Political Communication in Britain. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 99–116. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-00822-2_7. ISBN 978-3-030-00821-5. S2CID 158648099.
   • Bączkowska, Anna (2019). "A Corpus-Assisted Critical Discourse Analysis of "Migrants" and "Migration" in the British Tabloids and Quality Press". Contacts and Contrasts in Cultures and Languages. Second Language Learning and Teaching. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 163–181. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04981-2_12. ISBN 978-3-030-04980-5. ISSN 2193-7648. S2CID 150658204.
   • Boukala, Salomi (2019). "Introduction: Kafka in 'Fortress Europe'—The 'Other' within the Walls". European Identity and the Representation of Islam in the Mainstream Press. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 1–17. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93314-6_1. ISBN 978-3-319-93313-9. S2CID 158203231.
   • Sancho Guinda, Carmen, ed. (2019). Engagement in Professional Genres Archived 4 June 2023 at the Wayback Machine. John Benjamins Publishing Company.
3. ^ Tobitt, Charlotte; Majid, Aisha (25 January 2023). "National press ABCs: December distribution dive for freesheets Standard and City AM". Press Gazette. Archived from the original on 25 April 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
4. "collection (The University of Manchester Library)". www.library.manchester.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
5. "'Guardian' newspaper trust keeps journalism at top of its agenda". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
6. ^ "The Scott Trust: values and history". The Guardian. 26 July 2015. Archived from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
7. Corey Frost; Karen Weingarten; Doug Babington; Don LePan; Maureen Okun (30 May 2017). The Broadview Guide to Writing: A Handbook for Students (6th ed.). Broadview Press. pp. 27–. ISBN 978-1-55481-313-1. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
8. Greg Barton; Paul Weller; Ihsan Yilmaz (18 December 2014). The Muslim World and Politics in Transition: Creative Contributions of the Gülen Movement. A&C Black. pp. 28–. ISBN 978-1-4411-5873-4. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
9. "Guardian appoints Katharine Viner as editor-in-chief". The Guardian. 20 March 2015. Archived from the original on 20 July 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
10. Rusbridger, Alan (29 May 2015). "'Farewell, readers': Alan Rusbridger on leaving The Guardian after two decades at the helm". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 29 May 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
11. "Latest news, sport and opinion". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 December 2019. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
12. "New Zealand". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 10 September 2024. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
13. ^ International Socialism, Spring 2003, ISBN 1-898876-97-5.
14. ^ "Ipsos MORI". Ipsos MORI. Archived from the original on 23 May 2009. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
15. ^ "Definition of Guardian Reader". Collins English Dictionary. Archived from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
16. Marchi, Anna (2019). "Over there at The Guardian". Self-Reflexive Journalism: A Corpus Study of Journalistic Culture and Community in The Guardian. Taylor & Francis. p. 152. ISBN 978-1-351-71412-9. Archived from the original on 15 July 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
17. Ribbans, Elisabeth (12 May 2021). "Typo negative: The best and worst of Grauniad mistakes over 200 years". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
18. "The Guardian most trusted and The Sun least trusted online news brand, Pamco reveals". Press Gazette. 13 November 2017. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 17 December 2018.
19. Waterson, Jim (17 December 2018). "Guardian most trusted newspaper in Britain, says industry report". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 December 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2018.
20. "Can The Guardian survive?". The Economist. Intelligent Life. July–August 2012. Archived from the original on 1 July 2015. Retrieved 3 July 2012.
21. Woolf, Nicky (3 July 2012). "Could the newspaper that broke the hacking scandal be the next to close?". GQ.com. Archived from the original on 6 July 2012.
22. ^ Hosenball, Mark (6 June 2013). "Obama administration defends massive phone record collection". Reuters. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
23. ^ Greenwald, Glenn; MacAskill, Ewen; Poitras, Laura (9 June 2013). "Edward Snowden: the whistleblower behind the NSA surveillance revelations". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
24. ^ Rawlinson, Kevin (2 April 2014). "Guardian wins newspaper and website of the year at British press awards". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 June 2014. Retrieved 12 June 2014.
25. Wainwright, Martin (13 August 2007). "Battle for the memory of Peterloo: Campaigners demand fitting tribute". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2008.
26. Editorial (4 May 2011). "The Manchester Guardian, born 5 May 1821: 190 years – work in progress". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
27. Manchester Gazette, 7 August 1819, quoted in Ayerst, David (1971). 'Guardian' : biography of a newspaper. London: Collins. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-00-211329-8.
28. Harrison, Stanley (1974). Poor men's guardians : a record of the struggles for a democratic newspaper press, 1763–1973. London: Lawrence and Wishart. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-85315-308-5.
29. Garnett, Richard (1890). "Garnett, Jeremiah" . In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 21. London: Smith, Elder & Co. citing:
30. "The Scott Trust: History". Guardian Media Group. Archived from the original on 28 July 2008. Retrieved 26 March 2008.
31. "The Manchester guardian and British volunteer – JH Libraries". Catalyst.library.jhu.edu. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
32. 21 May 1836
33. "Editorial". The Manchester Guardian. 28 January 1832.
34. "Editorial". The Manchester Guardian. 26 February 1873.
35. "The Guardian's owner apologises for historical slave trade links". BBC News. 29 March 2023. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
36. "The cruelty and injustice of negro slavery: From The Guardian archive, 15 Nov 1823". The Guardian. 15 November 2012. Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
37. "15 June 1833: Striking off the fetters from the limbs of the slave". The Guardian. 7 May 2011. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
38. "From the archive, 24 March 1841: Editorial: Anti-free trade". The Guardian. 24 March 2012. Archived from the original on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
39. Stoddard, Katy (20 July 2015). "Looking back: American civil war". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
40. "From The Guardian archive: On slavery and civil war". The Guardian. 12 December 2008. Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
41. "'Civil war' in Kansas threatens to spread: from the archive, 10 June 1856". The Guardian. 10 June 2015. Archived from the original on 28 June 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
42. "Lincoln opposes abolition of slavery: From the Observer archive, 17 December 1860". The Guardian. 17 December 2014. Archived from the original on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
43. "From the archive, 13 May 1861: America and direct trade with England". The Guardian. 13 May 2011. Archived from the original on 15 June 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
44. ^ Kettle, Martin (24 February 2011). "Lincoln, evil? Our certainties of 1865 give us pause today". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 27 June 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
45. ^ Ayerst, David (1971). The Manchester Guardian: Biography of a Newspaper. Cornell University Press. pp. 154–155. ISBN 978-0-8014-0642-3. Archived from the original on 7 April 2024. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
46. ^ Rodrigues, Jason (4 February 2013). "From the archive: 1863, Lincoln's great debt to Manchester". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
    "Full text of "Manchester and Abraham Lincoln : a side-light on an earlier fight for freedom"". Internet Archive. 10 June 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
47. "The assassination of President Lincoln, 14 April 1865". The Guardian. 14 April 2015. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
48. Kettle, Martin (24 February 2011). "Lincoln, evil? Our certainties of 1865 give us pause today". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 27 June 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
49. Hampton, Mark (2011). "The Press, Patriotism, and Public Discussion: C. P. Scott, the "Manchester Guardian", and the Boer War, 1899–1902". The Historical Journal. 44 (1): 177–197. doi:10.1017/S0018246X01001479. JSTOR 3133966. S2CID 159550361.
50. ^ Purvis, June (13 November 2007). "Unladylike behaviour". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
51. Quoted in David Ayerst, The Guardian, 1971, p. 353.
52. Arnold, Bruce (27 November 2012). "To the waters and the wild". Irish Independent. Dublin. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
53. "The Scott Trust". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 September 2018. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
54. Taylor, Geoffrey (11 April 1988) "Bowled over by treasures at the bottom of the zinc"; The Guardian
55. Orwell, George (1980) . Homage to Catalonia. Harcourt, Brace. p. 65. ISBN 0-15-642117-8. OCLC 769187345.
56. Beevor, Antony (2006). The Battle for Spain: The Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939. Penguin Books. p. 243. ISBN 0-14-303765-X. OCLC 70158540.
57. Leader (22 October 1951). "Time for change?". The Manchester Guardian.
58. Rusbridger Alan (10 July 2006). "Courage under fire". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 30 August 2013. Retrieved 5 March 2014.. Three years from 1956 and the Manchester Guardian soon became The Guardian, introduced by Scott C.C.P
59. Smith, Simon C. (2016). Reassessing Suez 1956: New Perspectives on the Crisis and Its Aftermath. Routledge. p. 230. ISBN 978-1-317-07069-6. Archived from the original on 21 November 2020. Retrieved 23 August 2020.
60. "Key moments in The Guardian's history: a timeline". The Guardian. 16 November 2017. Archived from the original on 27 April 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
61. The Press and the People. London: General Council of the Press. 1961, p. 14
62. Geoffrey Taylor, "Nesta Roberts: The first woman to run the news desk on a national newspaper", The Guardian, 18 January 2009, accessed 14 August 2021
63. The Guardian, leader, 4 August 1969
64. The Guardian, leader, 15 August 1969
65. ^ Leader (1 February 1972). "The division deepens". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
66. "19 April 1972: 'Bloody Sunday' report excuses Army". On this day 1950–2005. BBC. 2008. Archived from the original on 6 January 2008. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
67. Bowcott, Owen (16 June 2010). "Bloody Sunday inquiry: 'We always knew the dead were innocent'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 25 July 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
68. Leader (20 April 1972). "To make history repeat itself". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
69. The Guardian, leader, 10 August 1971
70. Routledge, Paul (16 January 1994). "Profile: Hunter of the truth: Lord justice Scott: With the Government rattled, Paul Routledge looks at the man John Major now has to face | Voices". The Independent. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
71. Preston, Peter (5 September 2005). "A source of great regret". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
72. Pilger, John (14 April 2019). "John Pilger: The Assange Arrest Is A Warning From History". New Matilda. Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
73. Williams, Rhys (9 December 1994). "'Guardian' journalist recruited by the KGB". The Independent. Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2016.
74. "CBSi". FindArticles. Archived from the original on 24 June 2012. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
75. "The simple sword of truth". The Guardian. London. 11 April 1995. Archived from the original on 19 September 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2010.
76. Harding, Luke; David Pallister (21 June 1997). "He lied and lied and lied". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 15 July 2023. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
77. "Aitken pleads guilty to perjury". BBC News. 19 January 1999. Archived from the original on 2 July 2004. Retrieved 8 September 2004.
78. ITC Annual Report 1998 – Programme regulation Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 26 September 2007
79. The primrose path: faking UK television documentary, "Docuglitz" and Docusoap Archived 6 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 26 September 2007
80. Owen, John (3 November 2003). "Now you see it, now you don't". British Journalism Review. Archived from the original on 19 July 2012. Retrieved 26 September 2007.
81. Moseley, Ray (10 June 1998). "TV Filmmaker Accused of 2nd Fake". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2019.
82. The Guardian, leader, 23 March 1999
83. Kaldor, Mary (25 March 1999). "Bombs away! But to save civilians we must get in some soldiers too". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
84. Dyer, Clare (6 December 2000). "A challenge to the crown: now is the time for change". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 28 February 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
85. Watt, Nicholas (7 December 2000). "Broad welcome for debate on monarchy". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 19 July 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
86. "Screen Burn, The Guide". The Guardian. London. 24 October 2004. Archived from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
87. Aslam, Dilpazier (13 July 2005). "We rock the boat". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
88. "Background: The Guardian and Dilpazier Aslam". MediaGuardian. London. 22 July 2005. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
89. Busfield, Steve (22 July 2005). "Dilpazier Aslam leaves Guardian". MediaGuardian. London. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
90. "Tax Gap". The Guardian. UK. 6 February 2009. Archived from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
91. "Big business: what they make, what they pay". The Guardian. London. 2 February 2009. Archived from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2010.
92. Jones, Sam; David Leigh (19 March 2009). "Guardian loses legal challenge over Barclays documents gagging order". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media. Archived from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
93. "Can The Guardian survive?". Intelligent Life. July–August 2012. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
94. Sela, Hadar (June 2010). "Anti-Zionist and Antisemitic Discourse on The Guardian's "Comment Is Free" Website". Middle East Review of International Affairs. 14 (2): 31–37. ISSN 1565-8996. ProQuest 816331031. Archived from the original on 13 July 2010.
95. Ponsford, Dominic (12 August 2014), "Guardian accused of pro-Israel bias after carrying 'child sacrifice' ad rejected by The Times" Archived 7 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine, PressGazette.
96. Burchill, Julie (29 November 2003). "Good, bad and ugly". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 22 July 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
97. "Leader: A new anti-semitism?". The Guardian. London. 26 January 2002. Archived from the original on 25 August 2013. Retrieved 25 January 2010.
98. "News coverage". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 25 August 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2010.
99. Elliott, Chris (6 November 2011). "The readers' editor on ... averting accusations of antisemitism". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 October 2013. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
100. Hirshfeld, Rachel (23 April 2012). "The Guardian seeks to revise history". Arutz Sheva. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
101. Corrections and clarifications column, ed. (22 April 2012). "Corrections and clarifications". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
102. Ahern, Raphael (8 August 2012). "Guardian: We were wrong to call Tel Aviv Israel's capital". Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
103. "Corrections and clarifications". The Guardian. 7 August 2012. Archived from the original on 18 July 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
104. Carey, Meredith (7 August 2014). "The Guardian Accepts Elie Wiesel's Rejected London Times Advertisement – Observer". Observer. Archived from the original on 30 March 2016. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
105. Elliott, Chris (18 August 2014). "The readers' editor on... the decision to run This World's advertisement". theguardian.com. Archived from the original on 21 August 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
106. Warrington, James (15 October 2023). "Guardian cartoonist sacked over 'anti-Semitic' Netanyahu drawing". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
107. "Steve Bell sacked by Guardian in antisemitism row over Netanyahu cartoon". BBC News. 16 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
108. "Johnson's Scar". Ohio State University. Archived from the original on 8 January 2024. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
109. Rennie, David (21 October 2004). "Guardian calls it quits in Clark County fiasco". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
110. "Dear Limey assholes". The Guardian. London. 18 October 2004. Archived from the original on 28 August 2013. Retrieved 13 May 2008.
111. Bowers, Andy (4 November 2004). "A crazy British plot to help Kerry". Slate. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
112. Neyfakh, Leon (5 September 2007). "Guardian Reclaims America". Observer. Archived from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
113. Kiss, Jemima (18 February 2009). "Michael Tomasky joins political journal Democracy". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media. Archived from the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
114. "GNM Axing GuardianAmerica.com, Shuffling Execs in Restructure". Archived from the original on 24 June 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
115. Ali, Rafat. "Guardian News And Media Laying Off Six Employees in U.S." Archived from the original on 24 June 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
116. Cohen, Noam (26 August 2012). "The Guardian Backtracks From a Bold Move in Hiring". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 7 December 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
117. Guardian US (15 August 2012). "adds Josh Treviño to growing US team". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
118. Treviño, Joshua (16 August 2012). "My 2011 Gaza flotilla tweet: a clarification". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
119. "Guardian unveils url for the US – guardiannews.com – as its new digital operation gets underway in New York". The Guardian. 14 September 2011. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
120. Jackson, Jasper (1 June 2015). "Lee Glendinning appointed as editor of Guardian US". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
121. Tameez, Hanaa' (17 October 2024). "A year in, The Guardian's European edition contributes 15% of the publisher's pageviews". Retrieved 5 January 2025.
122. Table Office, House of Commons (12 November 2009). "Order Paper Part 2". Publications.parliament.uk. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
123. Leigh, David (12 October 2009). "Guardian gagged from reporting parliament". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
124. "Oral or Written Questions for Answer beginning on Wednesday 14 October 2009". UK Parliament. Archived from the original on 16 October 2009.
125. Ponsford, Dominic (13 October 2009). "Guardian gagged from reporting Parliament". Press Gazette. London: Progressive Media International. Archived from the original on 13 May 2013.
126. "Minton report: Trafigura toxic dumping along the Ivory Coast broke EU regulations, 14 Sep 2006". WikiLeaks. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
127. Leigh, David (16 September 2009). "How UK oil company Trafigura tried to cover up African pollution disaster". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
128. Leigh, David (13 October 2009). "Gag on Guardian reporting MP's Trafigura question lifted". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 7 April 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
129. Rusbridger, Alan (14 October 2009). "The Trafigura fiasco tears up the textbook". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 16 October 2009. Retrieved 25 January 2010.
130. Higham, Nick (13 October 2009). "When is a secret not a secret?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 21 November 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2010.
131. Haughney, Christine; Cohen, Noam (11 June 2013). "Guardian Makes Waves, and Is Ready for More". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
132. Ponsford, Dominic (19 June 2013). "Guardian spying revelations were in breach of DA-Notice guidance". Press Gazette. Archived from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
133. "Edward Snowden files: No 10 contacted Guardian". BBC News. 21 August 2013. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
134. "Guardian's Alan Rusbridger tells of hard drive destruction | Video". Media.theage.com.au. 21 August 2013. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
135. Borger, Julian (20 August 2013). "NSA files: why The Guardian in London destroyed hard drives of leaked files". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 February 2017. Retrieved 10 August 2021.
136. Campbell, Duncan (3 June 2014). "Revealed: GCHQ's beyond top secret middle eastern internet spy base". The Register. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 16 September 2017.
137. Assange, Julian (10 January 2017). I am Julian Assange, founder of WikiLeaks – Ask Me Anything. Reddit. 68 minutes in. Archived from the original on 14 January 2017. Retrieved 15 January 2017 – via Twitch.
138. "2014 Pulitzer Prizes". The Pulitzer Prizes. Archived from the original on 12 January 2016. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
139. Lloyd, John (30 October 2016). Journalism in an Age of Terror: Covering and Uncovering the Secret State. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 160–165. ISBN 9781786731111. Archived from the original on 21 November 2020. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
140. ^ Greenwood, Phoebe (21 June 2021). "Will the right save Julian Assange?". The Spectator World. Archived from the original on 7 February 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
141. "WikiLeaks password 'leaked by journalists'". 9News. AAP. 25 February 2020. Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
142. "Anger as Wikileaks releases all US cables unredacted". BBC News. 2 September 2011. Archived from the original on 9 November 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
143. Greenwald, Glenn (29 December 2016). "The Guardian's Summary of Julian Assange's Interview Went Viral and Was Completely False". The Intercept. Archived from the original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
144. Jacobs, Ben (24 December 2016). "Julian Assange gives guarded praise of Trump and blasts Clinton in interview". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 February 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
145. Harding, Luke; Collyns, Dan (27 November 2018). "Manafort held secret talks with Assange in Ecuadorian embassy". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 27 November 2018.
146. ^ Halimi, Serge (1 January 2019). "The Guardian's fake scoop". Le Monde diplomatique. Archived from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
147. Pompeo, Joe (27 November 2018). ""It Might Be the Biggest Get This Year": How The Guardian's Bombshell Set Off Its Own Little Media World War". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on 1 December 2018. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
148. Glendinning, Lee (26 May 2016). "A note to our readers about a reporter who breached our trust". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
149. "Guardian cartoon of cow in relation to Priti Patel sparks outrage amongst diaspora in Britain". The Hindu. 9 March 2020. Archived from the original on 11 September 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
150. Bell, Steve (4 March 2020). "Steve Bell on Boris Johnson defending Priti Patel at PMQs – cartoon". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 29 June 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
151. "Security researchers call for Guardian to retract false WhatsApp 'backdoor' story". TechCrunch. 20 January 2017. Archived from the original on 10 June 2017. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
152. Turton, William (13 January 2017). "There's No Security Backdoor in WhatsApp, Despite Reports". Gizmodo. Archived from the original on 6 June 2017. Retrieved 13 June 2017. According to Alec Muffett, an experienced security researcher who spoke to Gizmodo, The Guardian's story is "major league fuckwittage".
153. Chadwick, Paul (28 June 2017). "Flawed reporting about WhatsApp | Open door". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
154. Ganguly, Manisha (13 January 2017). "WhatsApp design feature means some encrypted messages could be read by third party". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 28 June 2017. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
155. "Contenidos de The Guardian, medio crítico de AMLO, serán difundidos por La Lista en México". Etcétera (in Mexican Spanish). 1 December 2020. Archived from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
156. "Suella Braverman blames 'Guardian-reading, tofu-eating wokerati' for disruptive protests – video". The Guardian. 18 October 2022. Archived from the original on 5 January 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
157. Waterson, Jim (21 December 2022). "Guardian hit by serious IT incident believed to be ransomware attack". The Guardian. Guardian News & Media. Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
158. Clark, Lindsay (21 December 2022). "UK's Guardian newspaper breaks news of ransomware attack on itself". The Register. Situation Publishing. Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
159. Singleton, Tom (21 December 2022). "Guardian newspaper hit by suspected ransomware attack". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
160. Hardcastle, Jessica Lyons (4 January 2023). "The Guardian ransomware attack hits week two as staff told to work from home". The Register. Situation Publishing. Archived from the original on 4 January 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
161. Martin, Alexander (11 January 2023). "The Guardian confirms criminals accessed staff data in ransomware attack". The Record. Recorded Future News. Archived from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
162. "Inside Cyprus Confidential: The data-driven journalism that helped expose an island under Russian influence - ICIJ". Icij. 14 November 2023. Archived from the original on 30 November 2023. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
163. "About the Cyprus Confidential investigation - ICIJ". 14 November 2023. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
164. "Cyprus Confidential: Leaked Roman Abramovich documents raise fresh questions for Chelsea FC: ICIJ-led investigation reveals how Mediterranean island ignores Russian atrocities and western sanctions to cash in on Putin's oligarchs". The Irish Times. 15 November 2023. Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
165. "Cyprus Confidential - ICIJ". www.icij.org. 14 November 2023. Archived from the original on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
166. ^ "Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations - ICIJ". 15 November 2023. Archived from the original on 14 December 2023. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
167. "Lawmakers call for EU crackdown after ICIJ's Cyprus Confidential revelations - ICIJ". 23 November 2023. Archived from the original on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
168. "Cyprus ignores Russian atrocities, Western sanctions to shield vast wealth of Putin allies - ICIJ". 14 November 2023. Archived from the original on 14 December 2023. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
169. Solutions, BDigital Web. "Finance Minister perturbed over 'Cyprus Confidential'". knews.com.cy. Archived from the original on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
170. Milmo, Dan (13 November 2024). "Guardian will no longer post on Elon Musk's X from its official accounts". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
171. "The Guardian stops posting on Elon Musk's 'toxic' X". BBC News. 13 November 2024. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
172. Conlan, Tara (8 October 2008). "Guardian owner the Scott Trust to be wound up after 72 years". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2008.
173. "Living Our Values: Social, Ethical and Environmental Audit 2006". TheGuardian.com. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
174. Coetzee, Andre (6 August 2014). "Mail & Guardian | Print Media". Mail & Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 January 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
175. "Want to see what one digital future for newspapers looks like? Look at The Guardian, which isn't losing money anymore". Nieman Lab. Archived from the original on 1 May 2019. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
176. "Guardian Media Group 2005/06 results: 28/07/2006: A Landmark Year for GMG". Archived from the original on 21 August 2006. Retrieved 9 August 2006.
177. "Manchester Evening News sold by Guardian Media Group". Manchester Evening News. M.E.N. Media. 9 February 2010. Archived from the original on 19 July 2013. Retrieved 11 February 2010.
178. Rayner, Gordon (18 June 2011). "Riches to rags as Guardian bleeds £33 million in a year". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
179. Sabbagh, Dan (16 June 2011). "Guardian and Observer to adopt 'digital-first' strategy". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
180. "Can The Guardian Survive?". More Intelligent Life. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
181. Jane Martinson (25 January 2016). "Guardian News & Media to cut costs by 20 per cent". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
182. "Support The Guardian". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 August 2018. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
183. "Guardian Media Group plc (GMG) results for the financial year ended 1 April 2018". The Guardian. 24 July 2018. Archived from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 17 December 2018.
184. "Guardian Media Group plc (GMG) publishes 2018/19 statutory financial results". The Guardian. 7 August 2019. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
185. Watson, Jim (7 August 2019). "Guardian broke even last year, parent company confirms". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 26 August 2020 – via www.theguardian.com.
186. Freddy Mayhew (27 July 2021). "Guardian digital reader revenue climbs during pandemic year with half from outside UK". Archived from the original on 10 February 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
187. Mance, Henry (10 September 2014). "Guardian launches paid membership scheme". FT.com. Archived from the original on 3 January 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
188. "Join Choose Tier – The Guardian Members". theguardian. Archived from the original on 19 October 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
189. Viner, Katharine (12 November 2018). "The Guardian's reader funding model is working. It's inspiring". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 November 2018. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
190. Tsang, Amie (28 August 2017). "The Guardian Sets Up a Nonprofit to Support Its Journalism". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
191. "Could The Guardian's quest for philanthropic support squeeze out other news nonprofits?". Nieman Lab. Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
192. Center, Foundation. "Guardian Announces Launch of U.S. Nonprofit". Philanthropy News Digest (PND). Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
193. "OPP1034962". Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Archived from the original on 9 August 2018. Retrieved 8 August 2018.
194. Schiffrin, Anya (2015). "Can We Measure Media Impact? Surveying the Field". Stanford Social Innovation Review (Fall 2015 ed.). Warrendale, PA. Archived from the original on 8 August 2018. Retrieved 8 August 2018.
195. Waterson, Jim (29 January 2020). "Guardian to ban advertising from fossil fuel firms". TheGuardian.com. Archived from the original on 5 March 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
196. Engels, Frederick (1973), The Condition of the Working Class in England, Progress, p. 109.
197. Hunter, Ian (2003). Malcolm Muggeridge: A Life. Regent College Publishing. p. 74. ISBN 978-1-57383-259-5. Archived from the original on 10 September 2024. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
198. ^ "Political affiliation". The Guardian. 16 November 2008. Archived from the original on 26 April 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
199. "Labour: the choice for the future". The Guardian. London. 2 July 1994. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
200. Leader (2 May 1997). "A political earthquake: The Tory loss is cataclysmic; Labour's win historic". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 11 April 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
201. "Iraq: the case for decisive action". The Guardian. 19 January 2003. Archived from the original on 18 December 2020. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
202. Greenslade, Roy (17 March 2003). "They've lost the battle, will they support the war?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
203. Wells, Matt (16 October 2004). "World writes to undecided voters". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2008.
204. Ashley, Jackie (29 April 2008). "Are the Guardianistas rats?". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2008.
205. "Magic or not, let in the daylight". The Guardian. London. 6 December 2000. Archived from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2013.
206. Seddon, Mark (21 February 2005). "Smaller size, higher brow?". New Statesman. London. Archived from the original on 12 March 2010.
207. Seaton, Matt (23 April 2010). "The Guardian's election editorial meeting: report". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
208. Editorial (30 April 2010). "General election 2010: The liberal moment has come". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media. Archived from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 25 May 2010.
209. Editorial (1 May 2015). "The Guardian view: Britain needs a new direction, Britain needs Labour". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media. Archived from the original on 7 April 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
210. White, Michael (9 March 2011). "Media self-censorship: not just a problem for Turkey". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media. Archived from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
211. "'Comandante' Chavez Still Revered By Some, Despite Failings". NPR. 10 April 2013. Archived from the original on 1 April 2015. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
212. "The Guardian view: Britain needs a new direction, Britain needs Labour". The Guardian. 1 May 2015. Archived from the original on 7 April 2017. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
213. Editorial (13 August 2015). "The Guardian view on Labour's choice: Corbyn has shaped the campaign, but Cooper can shape the future". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 10 March 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
214. Sinclair, Ian (19 October 2015). "Guardian on the Wrong Side of History Over Corbyn". Morning Star. Archived from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
215. Editorial. "The Guardian view on the election: it's Labour". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
216. Editorial. "The Guardian view on general election 2019 A fleeting chance to stop Boris Johnson in his tracks". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 12 September 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
217. "The Guardian view on the EU debate: David Cameron makes a serious case". The Guardian. 9 May 2016. Archived from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
218. Editorial (17 May 2019). "The Guardian view on the EU elections: a chance to reshape our politics". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 22 May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
219. Audit Bureau of Circulations Ltd– abc.org.uk
220. Durrani, Arif (3 August 2013). "NEWSPAPER ABCs: Guardian hits historic low in February following 20p price hike – Media news". Media Week. Archived from the original on 18 March 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
221. "Print ABCs: Metro overtakes Sun in UK weekday distribution, but Murdoch title still Britain's best-selling paper". Press Gazette. 15 June 2017. Archived from the original on 19 July 2017. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
222. "Manchester Guardian". Spartacus-educational.com. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
223. David., Ayerst (1971). The Manchester Guardian; biography of a newspaper. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0801406423. OCLC 149105.
224. O'Reilly, Carole (2 July 2020). "'The Magnetic Pull of the Metropolis': The Manchester Guardian, The Provincial Press and Ideas of the North" (PDF). Northern History. 57 (2): 270–290. doi:10.1080/0078172X.2020.1800932. ISSN 0078-172X. S2CID 225581767. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 June 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
225. "Tuesday's morning conference". The Guardian. UK. 13 September 2007. Archived from the original on 13 February 2007. Retrieved 11 February 2007.
226. Brooks, Josh (29 June 2004). "Guardian to switch to Berliner format". PrintWeek. Archived from the original on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
227. Cozens, Claire (1 September 2005). "New-look Guardian launches on September 12". MediaGuardian. London: Guardian News and Media. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
228. Crossgrove, Carl. "Guardian: review". Typographica. Archived from the original on 13 July 2015. Retrieved 11 July 2015.
229. Paul A Barnes; Christian E Schwartz (15 November 2006). "Does type design matter in newspapers?". FontShop Benelux. Archived from the original on 4 June 2012. Retrieved 26 July 2012.
230. Lyall, Sarah (26 September 2005). "A tabloid Guardian? Not quite". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
231. "Guardian Reborn, The Guardian". Archived from the original on 12 February 2007. Retrieved 5 May 2017.. Retrieved on 22 July 2007.
232. Cozens, Claire (13 January 2006). "Telegraph sales hit all-time low". MediaGuardian. London: Guardian News and Media. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
233. "Guardian, Telegraph and FT post modest sales rises in December". London: Guardian News and Media. 11 January 2013. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
234. Busfield, Steve (21 February 2006). "Guardian wins design award". MediaGuardian. London: Guardian News and Media. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
235. ^ Sweney, Mark (13 June 2017). "The Guardian and The Observer to relaunch in tabloid format". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 January 2019. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
236. Viner, Katharine; Pemsel, David (13 June 2017). "Guardian journalism goes from strength to strength. It's just our shape that's changing". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 10 July 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
237. Tsang, Amie (15 January 2018). "The Guardian, Britain's Left-Wing News Power, Goes Tabloid". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 16 January 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
238. ^ Chadwick, Paul (29 April 2018). "Three months on, the tabloid Guardian is still evolving". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 25 June 2018. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
239. Letters (15 July 2018). "We've got The Guardian masthead blues and we're overjoyed". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
240. Bell, Emily (8 October 2005). "Editor's week". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
241. Reid, Alastair (30 May 2013). "Guardian.co.uk most read newspaper site in UK in March". www.journalism.co.uk. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
242. Durrani, Arif (19 April 2011). "MailOnline overtakes Huffington Post to become world's no 2". MediaWeek. Haymarket. Archived from the original on 13 May 2013.
243. Edge, Abigail (2 December 2014). "Ophan: Key metrics informing editorial at The Guardian". Journalism.co.uk. Archived from the original on 6 July 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
244. Watson, Amy (30 June 2022). "Average daily audience of online newspaper brands in the United Kingdom (UK) in July 2021". Statista. Archived from the original on 22 January 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
245. Bunz, Mercedes (14 December 2009). "Guardian launches iPhone application". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 14 October 2018. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
246. Mitchell, Jon (7 September 2011). "The Guardian Launches a Powerful, Free Android App". readwrite. Archived from the original on 14 October 2018. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
247. "Guardian launches digital redesign to coincide with launch of new Guardian tabloid newspaper". The Guardian. 15 January 2018. Archived from the original on 14 October 2018. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
248. "The Guardian: I'm impressed". idio. 1 June 2010. Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
249. "Corrections and clarifications". The Guardian. 8 March 2011. Archived from the original on 27 June 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
250. Gibson, Janine (28 February 2011). "Guardian Unlimited Talkboard closure". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
251. "#Thinkfluencer episode 1: Selfies – video". The Guardian. 23 August 2013. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
252. "Online Dating Site UK". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
253. "Guardian Soulmates has come to an end". The Guardian. 1 July 2020. Archived from the original on 22 August 2018. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
254. Andrews, Robert (20 October 2009). "GNM Axing GuardianAmerica.com, Shuffling Execs In Restructure". PaidContent. Archived from the original on 24 June 2013. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
255. Chauvin, Mariot (30 May 2022). "Guardian launches Tor onion service". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 October 2022. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
256. Soul, Jon; Kokkini, Ioanna (6 October 2022). "How we built the Guardian's Tor Onion service". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
257. Deans, Jason (8 December 2005). "Gervais to host Radio 2 Christmas show". MediaGuardian. London: Guardian News and Media. Archived from the original on 3 January 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
258. "Comedy stars and radio DJs top the download charts". The Guardian. London. 23 January 2006. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
259. Plunkett, John (6 February 2006). "Gervais podcast in the record books". MediaGuardian. London: Guardian News and Media. Archived from the original on 6 September 2008. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
260. ^ "Today in Focus: The Guardian's daily news podcast". Campaign British Publishing Awards. Guardian News & Media. 22 May 2019. Archived from the original on 3 November 2019. Retrieved 3 November 2019.
261. "Today in Focus on Apple Podcasts". Apple Podcasts. Archived from the original on 3 November 2019. Retrieved 3 November 2019.
262. "Top 100 UK Podcasts (Apple Podcasts Top Charts)". Podcast Insights®. 17 December 2018. Archived from the original on 3 November 2019. Retrieved 3 November 2019.
263. "Films". The Guardian. UK. 12 February 2009. Archived from the original on 30 July 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
264. ^ Salih, Omar; Summers, Ben (28 January 2008). "Excerpt from Baghdad: A Doctor's Story". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media. Archived from the original on 1 September 2013. Retrieved 25 May 2010.
265. Smith, Sean; Nzerem, Keme; Ulleri, Giovanni (18 August 2009). "On the frontline with British troops in Afghanistan". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media. Archived from the original on 7 September 2013. Retrieved 25 May 2010.
266. "Guardian film-maker wins Royal Television Society award". The Guardian. 20 February 2008. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
267. "GuardianFilms Awards". The Guardian. London. 16 February 2009. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2010.
268. Sherrin, Ned (16 December 2000). "Surely shome mishtake?". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
269. ^ Bernhard, Jim (2007). Porcupine, Picayune, & Post: how newspapers get their names. University of Missouri Press. pp. 26–27. ISBN 978-0-8262-1748-6. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
270. "(unknown)". Encounter. 58. Congress for Cultural Freedom: 28. 1982. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses generic title (help) This article refers to the paper by the facetious name "The Grauniad".
271. Devlin, Keith (1 March 1984). "Prime beef: Mathematical micro-mysteries: Keith Devlin returns to prime time computation". The Guardian. London. Reprinted in Devlin, Keith (1994). "Prime beef"". All the Math That's Fit to Print: Articles from The Guardian. Cambridge University Press. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-88385-515-7. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
272. Taylor, Geoffrey, Changing Faces: A History of The Guardian 1956–1988, Fourth Estate, 1993.
273. McKie, David (8 November 2013). "John Cole obituary". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 8 November 2013.
274. ^ "British Press Awards: Awards Ceremony – 23rd March 2010: 2010 Winners Announced". Archived from the original on 16 June 2011. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
275. ^ "Press Awards 2011: Guardian wins Newspaper of the Year". The Guardian. London. 6 April 2011. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
276. Wells, Matt (20 March 2002). "Guardian triumphs at Press Awards". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
277. "World's Best-Designed™ winners". The Society for News Design - SND. 23 February 2011. Archived from the original on 11 May 2019. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
278. "British Press Awards: Past winners". Press Gazette. Archived from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2009.
279. Press Gazette, Roll of Honour Archived 16 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 24 July 2011
280. Tjaardstra, Nick (3 April 2014). "Is The Guardian in line for a Pulitzer?". World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers. Archived from the original on 21 March 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
281. "James Meek". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
282. "British Press Awards: The full list of winners". Press Gazette. 8 April 2008. Archived from the original on 17 December 2008. Retrieved 2 January 2009.
283. Urquhart, Conal (21 March 2012). "Guardian wins Scoop of the Year at Press awards". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
284. ^ "Visiting Time - Context - The Author: Emma Brockes" Archived 24 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine, British Council
285. "NCTJ alumnus crowned young journalist of the year at Press Awards". National Council for the Training of Journalists. 3 April 2014. Archived from the original on 6 March 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
286. "79. Polly Toynbee". The Guardian. 9 July 2007. Archived from the original on 21 March 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
287. "British Press Awards 2009: The full list of winners". Press Gazette. 1 April 2009. Archived from the original on 15 January 2010. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
288. "Press Awards Winners 2015". www.pressawards.org.uk. Archived from the original on 26 June 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
289. "British Press Awards 2009: The full list of winners". Press Gazette. Archived from the original on 15 January 2010. Retrieved 3 February 2011.
290. Knudde, Kjell (1 January 2021). "Steve Bell". Lambiek. Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
291. "Guardian wins five Press Awards". The Guardian. 12 April 2016. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
292. "Business writer award for Guardian". The Guardian. 16 March 2005. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
293. "Guardian reporter wins Business and Financial reporter of the year at 2014 Press Awards". The Guardian. 11 March 2015. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
294. "Decca Aitkenhead, the Monday interviewer for G2, The Guardian". The Guardian. 11 May 2012. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
295. "David Lacey named Sports Reporter of the Year". The Guardian. 20 March 2003. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
296. ^ "The Tom Jenkins Collection - Archives Hub". Jisc.
297. Jenkins, Tom (27 February 2016). "Tom Jenkins: Picture Editors' Guild Sports Photographer of the Year – in pictures". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 24 May 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
298. Vickers, Amy (12 March 2001). "Guardian website wins online award". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
299. "Awards - 2007". The Guardian. 1 January 2013. Archived from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
300. "Guardian News & Media awards: 2008". The Guardian. 1 January 2013. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
301. "Guardian wins Website of The Year Award". The Guardian. 5 December 2016. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
302. "Guardian wins 'News Website of the Year' at 2020 newsawards". The Guardian. 30 June 2020. Archived from the original on 30 December 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
303. Kiss, Jemima (10 November 2004). "Top prize-giver snubs online journalism | Media news". Journalism.co.uk. Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
304. "Guardian News & Media awards: 2008". The Guardian. 1 January 2013. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
305. "British Press Awards 2009: full list of winners". The Guardian. 1 April 2009. Archived from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
306. "From strength to strength" (PDF). The Guardian. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 March 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
307. Denes, Mellisa; Zeldin-O'Neill, Sophie (14 December 2019). "Editing the Weekend magazine: 'It's about warmth, fun, and surprise – as well as the serious stuff'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
308. "Paul Lewis". The Orwell Foundation. Archived from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
309. "Previous Winners". Martha Gellhorn Prize for Journalism. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
310. Dowell, Ben (20 June 2009). "Guardian reporter Ian Cobain wins Martha Gellhorn journalism prize". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
311. "Guardian wins at the 2017 SEAL Environmental Journalism Awards". The Guardian. 2 October 2017. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
312. ^ "Guardian wins at the 2018 SEAL Journalism Awards". The Guardian. 12 November 2018. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
313. ^ "Guardian wins at the 2019 SEAL Journalism Awards". The Guardian. 14 February 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
314. "Twelve Journalists Recognized as 2020 SEAL Environmental Journalism Award Winners". SEAL Awards. 17 February 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
315. "Guardian wins at the 2017 SEAL Environmental Journalism Awards". The Guardian. 2 October 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
316. "Twelve Journalists Recognized as 2022 SEAL Environmental Journalism Award Winners". SEAL Awards. 8 February 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
317. "The Guardian wins seven Sports Journalists' Association awards". The Guardian. 27 February 2018. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
318. "2013 British Sports Journalism Awards – Sports Journalists' Association". Retrieved 23 January 2019.
319. ^ "Double honours for Daniel Taylor as The Guardian wins four SJA awards". The Guardian. 27 February 2017. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
320. "Donald McRae named Interviewer of the Year at SJA sports awards". The Guardian. 8 March 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
321. McRae, Donald; Conn, David; Hills, David (9 March 2010). "Success for Guardian writers at Sports Journalists' Association awards". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
322. "The Guardian wins seven Sports Journalists' Association awards". The Guardian. 27 February 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
323. "The Guardian's Donald McRae and Daniel Taylor win major SJA awards again". The Guardian. 25 February 2019. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
324. "2016 British Sports Journalism Awards – Sports Journalists' Association". Retrieved 4 January 2021.
325. ^ "The Guardian wins seven SJA awards with double honours for Daniel Taylor". The Guardian. 26 February 2018. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
326. "2017 British Sports Journalism Awards – Sports Journalists' Association". Sports Journalists' Association.
327. "2014 British Sports Journalism Awards – Sports Journalists' Association". Retrieved 23 January 2019.
328. "2015 British Sports Journalism Awards – Sports Journalists' Association". 22 February 2016. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
329. "The Webby Awards". Archived from the original on 8 April 2011. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
330. "The 2006 Newspaper Awards". Archived from the original on 3 February 2004. Retrieved 29 May 2006.
331. "2000 Winners". Archived from the original on 26 October 2005. Retrieved 28 July 2005.
332. "Openness & Accountability: A Study of Transparency in Global Media Outlets". Archived from the original on 15 May 2008. Retrieved 19 June 2008.
333. "2014 Pulitzer Prize Winners & Finalists". The Pulitzer Prizes. Archived from the original on 24 August 2019. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
334. "The Paul Foot award for Campaigning Journalism 2007". Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 16 October 2007.
335. "The 100 best footballers in the world 2017". The Guardian. 19 December 2017. Archived from the original on 10 September 2019. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
336. Bandini, Nicky (29 December 2016). "The Guardian's inaugural Footballer of the Year: Cagliari's Fabio Pisacane". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 July 2020. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
337. "The 100 greatest non-fiction books". The Guardian. 14 June 2011. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
338. "Guardian 100 Greatest Non-Fiction Book awards". LibraryThing. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
339. McCrum, Robert (2017). "100 Best Nonfiction Books of All Time". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
340. "Guardian US announces Mehdi Hasan as new regular columnist". The Guardian. 21 February 2024. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
341. "Comment, opinion and discussion from The Guardian US". Commentisfree.guardian.co.uk. 1 January 1970. Archived from the original on 10 April 2011. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
342. "The Guardian Index". Archived from the original on 18 November 2007. Retrieved 22 July 2007.
343. Villani, Lisa (20 August 2009). "MIC: GNM archive (microsite)". The Guardian. London.
344. "MIC: GNM archive (microsite)". The Guardian. London. 26 August 2009.