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== Implementation of ideas in lead ==

I hate, hate, hate to reopen this can of worms, but I now feel that I need to. There have been a few attempts within in the past days to reword the sentence regarding the implementation of Reagan's ideas. Arcayne has just rewritten it to something I'm not particuarly fond of. As it currently reads:

<blockquote>As president, Reagan implemented new political initiatives as well as economic policies, advocating a ] and economic '']'' philosophy, but as to whether these ideas were successfully implemented is the subject of frequent debate.</blockquote>

I'm not a fan of the "frequent debate", "heated debate", etc. simply because it's not entirely true. So I would remove the "frequent" as "debate" will suffice. But that brings us to the greater point: did Reagan implement ''all'' his ideas? Well no, but the majority, yes (see ]). He did: put forth and implement his economies policies, built up the military, appointed a woman to the high court, and removed controls on oil prices, among others. He did not: mandate prayer in public schools or abolish the department of education.

So if I'm not mistaken, it was not the ''extent'' of which the ideas were successfully implemented (because they were successfully implemented), so much as the ''amount'' of which were implemented. Even Barack Obama said, "I do think that for example the 1980 was different. I think Ronald Reagan changed the trajectory of America in a way that Richard Nixon did not and in a way that Bill Clinton did not... e want a return to that sense of dynamism and eutrepenturship that had been missing."

I don't have any propositions right now, but (everyone) are we mostly in agreement? And can we reword this? ] (]) 00:01, 29 May 2008 (UTC)

:I kinda liked my phrasing with ''but the extent to which the implementation of these ideas was successful is debated.'' That he tried to implement the two ideas in the quote above is quite clear. However, there is some debate as to how far he got in implementing them. For example, federal spending grew during the Reagan years (mostly on defense, but that's what underlies the debate). Then there was the whole iran contra thing in his second term that restricted his legislative ability. The current phrasing ''whether they were successfully implemented'' seems to imply that he failed in pushing the limited government and supply side agenda, which, I think, is not true. I'm not a fan of Reagan, nor am I a fan of supply side economics, but it seems to me that he definitely brought a supply side flavor and the desire for limited government into the American discourse and mind. It would be wrong to imply that he was not successful in pushing that agenda. (In simpler terms, I don't like the current phrasing!) --] <small>(])</small> 02:18, 29 May 2008 (UTC)

::I really appreciate your view, Regents Park, because you are not a regular editor of the article nor do you support Reagan. And I have to say, I agree with you. And thank you for clarifying your point; I think the "whether they were successfully implemented" pooint your brought up to be very relevant. And as you (and our friend Mr. Obama) said, Reagan did change the trajectory of America through his beliefs and his communication to the people. ] (]) 04:34, 29 May 2008 (UTC)

(outdent) I'm also going to raise another point: can the success of the implementation of Reagan's policies really be debated? It seems to me as if all we need (and have) is the actual record of what occured. Do you catch my drift? ] (]) 21:21, 29 May 2008 (UTC)
:I think that the record itself is subject to interpretation, Hap. It's like describing a tree; no two people are going to have the same view of it. Now, before you say, 'well, they are both looking at a tree', remember that the "tree" in this instance is what Reagan (and the Republican Party) ''wanted'' to do. Some of these things happened because they were going to happen anyway. Some things happened because they are largely cyclical (like the economy). Lastly, some people are going to think the subject farts rainbows and craps jelly doughnuts while others are ''never'' going to accept that someone they utterly despise can do anything correctly (forgetting the old adage about the busted clock being right at least twice a day). That there is debate is the essence, blessing and curse of a free society. That debate still occurs is not being questioned. We don't get to evaluate the legitimacy of that debate, but instead are charged to mention it, if it is in fact notable. - ] ] 21:34, 29 May 2008 (UTC)

== Correction to Presidents over age 90 ==

Under the Alzheimer's disease section, the article states that only two other presidents have reached the age of 90 (the other two being John Adams and Herbert Hoover). Why is Gerald Ford not included here? He was the oldest former living president with 93 years and 165 days until his death. Since the article is protected, a trusted user must make this correction. <small>—Preceding ] comment added by ] (] • ]) 21:13, 29 May 2008 (UTC)</small><!-- Template:Unsigned --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->
:I've added Ford's name. I think it was omitted because Ford turned ninety two years after Reagan, but you are correct it that it is incorrect to say that only three presidents have reached the age of ninety. Thanks for heads up! Best, ] (]) 21:16, 29 May 2008 (UTC)

== Changes made by Drz1627 ==

I am just wondering first why you saying that his staff was anxious to portray him as recovered, and that Reagan was from then on 'inflexible'. What is your source? doesn't seem very ] to me, especially considering that your username is Drz1627. I'm not one to assume bad faith, but your username and your referencing to various Dr. Zebra sites on indicates to me that you are using Misplaced Pages for promotional reasons. That is prohibited per ].

I am also wondering why the fact that Reagan fell off his horse in 1989, causing a subdural hematoma which doctors feel hastened the onset of Alzheimer's, is ? ] (]) 06:42, 31 May 2008 (UTC)

:I think that we need to offer a bit more good faith. Drz1627 did indeed make some significant changes, very few of which I personally agree with. I think it might have been better for him to discuss his edits, as he could be reasonably assured that altering an FA quality article is going to raise some concerns. I would instead offer D the opportunity to explain his edits and get some feedback before instituting them. Towards that end, i will revert his additions until we are all agreed (at least by consensus) that they are the right edits to make. - ] ] 07:07, 31 May 2008 (UTC)

::I'm not upset and certainly did not mean to insult DrZ. I just find it very interesting that that his username is the same as the website he has been referencing a plethora of material to. I'm sorry if I came across harshly, as it was not my ultimate intent, but I did want to make that point. That said, I would love to hear what DrZ has to say (and I'm not being sarcastic). ] (]) 07:12, 31 May 2008 (UTC)
:::Okay, then. Let's leave the ball in his court for a day or two and see what happens. Sound fair? - ] ] 07:40, 31 May 2008 (UTC)
::::Of course, as always :) ] (]) 07:42, 31 May 2008 (UTC)

Hi, Drz1627 here.

::Am not really familiar with this talking method, but that's cool -- I'm happy to learn it. Sorry to have been abrupt in making the changes. So, everthing is referenced on the doctorzebra web site. The statement about the staff's anxiousness is from Daniel Ruge, Reagan's physician, as quoted on page 74 of the Abram's book. It seems to me important to mention this in a summary article, because there has been this incorrect notion that Reagan bounced back quickly, and Ruge disagrees with this, too (also quoted in Abrams). The fact that Misplaced Pages thought Reagan recovered quickly is testament to the success of the staff's efforts.

::The quote about Reagan's inflexibility comes from Michael Deaver, who I think we'd agree, was in a position to make such an observation and also not motivated by animus to make such a statement. Again, the source is referenced on doctorzebra. I think that if you say what Reagan thought about God and the shooting, you're obligated to mention how it changed him.

::The hematoma is indeed irrelevant to Alzheimer dementia. They are two separate disease processes. Yes, they impact the same organ, but that's not what the Misplaced Pages article said. It said the hematoma might have accelerated the Alzheimer disease, and it quoted a reference that did not say that. There is an epidemiological association between head trauma and Alzheimer disease, but no causative association has been established, so far as I know, so I'd have to say that it makes no medical sense to talk about trauma exacerbating Alzheimer disease. Ultimately, I thought it was simpler to remove mention of the hematoma, especially since it had been pointed out that this was a summary article and details should lie elsewhere. Had the discussion been about possible additional causes of Reagan's dementia, the hematoma would have been relevant, but the section was talking specifically about his Alzheimer dementia. Let me know if other questions.
] (]) 09:17, 31 May 2008 (UTC)

Oh, and while we're on it, I would be in favor of removing Reagan's bon mots from the section on his shooting in this article. They can be moved to the shooting article. Yes, they add color to the tale, but if there is a concern about length of this section, then I don't think facts should be sacrificed for color. As currently written, the shooting section doesn't even mention that Reagan lost over half his blood volume and that the surgeons thought if he'd gotten there a few minutes later he very likely would have died. It would adequate to say Reagan remained in good spirits throughout and let it go at that (although he did panic when he heard a surgeon say "this is it"). ] (]) 09:43, 31 May 2008 (UTC)

:DrZ, I want to appologize to you for acting quick and rash last night in my first comment. It was roughly 1 AM my time and I probably should have been in bed :)

:: ** No problem.

:That said, I would first like to comment on your source, . At the drzebra.com index page, there is a disclaimer reading, "I am not a historian. Nor am I expert on any of the Presidents. So there are certainly errors here. If you find one, please tell me. Every page has a "Contact Us" link. I apologize in advance if I have stepped on your professional field of study. Also note that I do not usually cite primary sources; I cite what I read." That's not good, because the overall source is then questioned for its ].

:: ** You are overblowing the disclaimer. (1) It tells who the author is, it says the author is mortal (i.e. everyone makes mistakes), and it invites readers to submit corrections. This is absolutely the way to build a reliable data source -- open and transparent. I'd venture that most of the sources the Misplaced Pages article sites are not written by historians, are written by mortals, and have made errors. Heck, you admit you make errors. Should I not trust you? (2) If you look at the Medical History of American Presidents web site, you see that every statement is slavishly referenced. This is a higher standard of rigor than most Misplaced Pages sources.

:::I don't think I'm 'overblowing the disclaimer' at all. It flat out states that the website contains information that may not be factually accurate, which is in violation of ]. ] (]) 00:17, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

::: *** By this logic, any publication that prints a correction, e.g. the New York Times or the Harvard Law Review, admits some of their information is factually inaccurate. By this logic, any such publication does not meet Misplaced Pages's reliability standards, which is obviously not true. Regardless, moving the doctorzebra sources to the Misplaced Pages article, as agreed to below, makes this topic of discussion moot.

:As for the staff covering up the fact he did not bounce back quickly; is that really that big of a deal?

:: ** Any time the staff of the President tries to mis-portray reality about a substantive matter, it is a "big deal." It was a big enough deal for a Stanford professor (Dr. Abrams) to write a book about. And we're not talking solely about physical recuperation. The staff had Reagan sign legislation the morning after his surgery, when he was getting morphine and was disoriented (Abrams).

:::I mean did it impact the administration and have an effect on the country? ], in August and before October, Reagan took decisive action and fired 12,000 striking workers. Evidently, he wasn't lying in bed; he may not have been fully recovered, but it doesn't appear that the staffs' covering anything up impacted the country. More information is given from the Miller Center for Public Affairs. ] (]) 00:17, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

::: *** Three objections to this response: (1) Language like "it doesn't appear" does not sound very confident. This type of hedging language would not pass muster in a medical journal. (2) Saying that Reagan acted decisively means nothing. The question is not whether Reagan was being decisive -- it is about his decision-making as relates to his physical health. (3) The page you reference didn't say anything about the staff's intentions -- is there a more specific reference?

:I know you said that it is mentioned in Mr. Abrams' book, but a quick shows nothing on the matter on than the ] Misplaced Pages article cited to drzebra.com.

:: ** Abrams' did more than a quick Google search. Note the subtitle of his book: "Confusion, Disability, and the 25th Amendment in the Aftermath of the Attempted Assassination of Ronald Reagan." I have not seen challenges or refutations of the book's findings. I have no connection with Abrams.

:On the contrary, - recent sources - said that he recovred quickly. I'm not doubting what Mr. Abrams said, because surely a 70 year old man did not spring up from his bed two weeks after he was shot, but I also don't think that every source that says Reagan recovered somewhat-quickly has been influenced by the former White House staff.

:: ** You are making my point exactly. Some 70 year old men, with some gunshot wounds *will* spring up two weeks later. That was not the case here. His wound came very close to killing him. He lost half his blood and was slow to recover. This sense of gravity is totally absent from the article, and instead we get Reagan quips.

:::I have no problem saying that his wound came very close to killing him; I for one think it should definitely be in this article. For further reference, I would read from the Miller Center for Public Affairs. ] (]) 00:17, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

::: *** That's not a medical reference, and there is not a lot of medical detail there. If you're going to describe a medical situation, the best source is the medical people. Abrams is a physician, and really did his homework. His chapter, supplemented by an article by Dr. Beahrs (one of Reagan's docs; referenced on doctorzebra), are wonderfully detailed.

:I don't think 'inflexible' is the right word to describe Reagan after the assassination attempt, because what kind of inflexibility are we talking about? I know that in this instance, we are trying to say that he was stubborn, but then it may cause confusion with the other 'inflexible', or not able to bend, because he was shot. Far-fetched? I don't think so, because not everyone who comes to Misplaced Pages is a scholar, doctor, or even someone well educated. I think the first description about Reagan believing God spared his life for him to fulfill a greater purpose will suffice.

:: ** So, absent further research on this specific topic, the best we can do is quote Deaver exactly, and let the reader make up their own mind.

:::I disagree due to possible confusion. What type of 'inflexibility' is Deaver talking about? I presume he means being stubborn, but it could also give the false impression that he was unable to physically bend after being shot. Saying that he believed God spared him for a reason will suffice. ] (]) 00:17, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

::: *** Sorry, I thought you had read the doctorzebra web page. It says: "Former aide Michael Deaver says Reagan became more stubborn after the shooting. Reagan believed that he was "chosen" for his role by a higher power, and that the shooting was a reminder of this. He therefore decided to more closely follow his own instincts." How can this be construed as referring to physical flexibility? I want to assume good faith, but the comment about physical inflexibility is pretty weird if you'd read the site that you criticize.

:As for the hematoma, I think it is relevant. It attracted and is noteworthy to mention.

:: ** Any health issue of the President attracts media attention, so that has no significance.

:However, I think you have a good point about the doctors saying that it accelerated Alzheimer's. True, I too cannot find it in , which was probably an error of mine a while back. But if anything, Nancy Reagan's 2002 book ''I Love You, Ronnie'' does say that doctors feel this accident hastened the onset of Alzheimer's disease (page 180).

:: ** OK, Mrs. Reagan wrote what she wrote, but I don't think we'd say she is the most unbiased source. The doctors' statement is at odds what medical science today knows about the link between head trauma and Alzheimer disease. See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17618986 and http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15959838 -- note the serious hedging language -- the link is just not there yet, meaning the doctors statement goes beyond what medical science can justify. If the doctors' conclusion is mentioned, then appropriate caveats need to be mentioned, too. There is just no way the doctors can be certain about their conclusion.

:::I agree that Mrs. Reagan is a biased source, but I don't think she'd make up the fact that doctors told her his 1989 fall probably hastened Alzheimer's. But those articles you linked are very interesting. I'm going wait for additional opinions on this one. ] (]) 00:17, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

::: *** I don't think she'd make it up either, but she may have misunderstood what the doctors said, or the doctors may have said something that is not scientifically rigorous.

:DrZ, you seem to know a lot about the medical field, but since you're new here I think I should point you toward ] policy.

:: ** I didn't do any original research for this. Among people who care about such things, it's widely known there is no established causal link between trauma and Alzheimer disease.

:And about the sub-articles, thank you for trying to adhere to summary style, but there isn't an article titled Ronald Reagan's Alzheimer's disease so there really isn't anything to summarize here and place details somewhere else.

:: ** I think it's reasonable to say something like: (1) In 1994 Reagan announced the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease in a hand-written letter to the nation, having been symptomatic for at least two years. (2) There was controversy about him being symptomatic as President. . (3) Mrs. Reagan says doctors thought head trauma played a role in the course of Reagan's Alzheimer disease. Reagan fell from a horse in 1989, and he struck his head in 19__. A subdural hematoma, thought to result from one or both of these events, was surgically treated in 19__. Head trauma is generally not accepted as a cause of Alzheimer disease .

:::I think that is a bit too biased. I won't get into the detail now, but I will later if requested. ] (]) 00:17, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

::: *** I'm requesting, because I don't see any statement that is biased. The NY Times article talks about the duration of his symptoms and the two episodes of head trauma. And if it were accepted by the medical profession that head trauma caused Alzheimer disease, you'd see every baby-boomer in the country paranoid about concussions! (Seriously.)

:Then there are Reagan's 'bon mots', or witty remarks, in the assassination attempt section. I do not think that 'Honey I forgot to duck' or 'I hope you're all Republicans' should be omitted, for they are what everyone remembers about the assassination attempt. That said, I think we have some room for some extra details about the attempt itself and medical procedures. But I don't think that we can use drzebra.com as a source because of ] (see above). There plenty of other with details of the attempt. Thanks, ] (]) 18:11, 31 May 2008 (UTC)

:: ** It's reasonable to move the sources Dr. Zebra uses into the Misplaced Pages article as sources. That should allay your concerns. I would still leave Dr. Zebra cited as an additional source, so people can read further and get context online, without having to run to the library.

:::That is true, provided they pass Misplaced Pages's ] policy. ] (]) 00:17, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

::: *** OK, sounds good. That eliminates the impact of any concerns about the reliability of the doctorzebra web site.

My remarks are interdigitated above, set off with **. ] (]) 23:07, 31 May 2008 (UTC)

:I just have one question: are you Dr. Zebra, the person who has written the website drz.com? ] (]) 00:17, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

:: Brother, assume good faith. I have questions about you, too, but I am assuming good faith. My comments set off with *** ] (]) 1 June 2008 (UTC)

===Changes made by Drz1627 - arbitrary break 1===

My two cents' worth: Having read the discussion, I think both arguments are sound As the article is about Reagan, his reaction to the shooting (well-documented and non-scripted comments) should be allowed to remain. Getting shot is no laughing matter, yet Reagan turned it into one, which is notable.<br>
That being said, Drz1627 makes several good points. Personally, I don't really care if there was a triggering event for the Alzheimer's; it isn't really important to the article, as he could have simply fallen off a horse and a full medical exam could have revealed the quiescent or the small initial symptoms of the disease. Or the fall might have caused it. I am not really sure it is a cause for concern here, as the connection between trauma and Alzheimer's is noted but (as of yet) neither understood nor proven.<br>
I think the source is a good one, but it might be nice to have back-up on that reliability. Ask the good folk over at the RS noticeboard, and get their opinions. They love doing that sort of stuff - cuckoo for ], and all that.<br>
I am not sure what about the proffered statement is biased:

<blockquote>
:'(1) In 1994 Reagan announced the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease in a hand-written letter to the nation, having been symptomatic for at least two years. (2) There was controversy about him being symptomatic as President. . (3) Mrs. Reagan says doctors thought head trauma played a role in the course of Reagan's Alzheimer disease. Reagan fell from a horse in 1989, and he struck his head in 19__. A subdural hematoma, thought to result from one or both of these events, was surgically treated in 19__. Head trauma is generally not accepted as a cause of Alzheimer disease .'
</blockquote>

Perhaps Hap could explain why he thinks it is. - ] ] 17:26, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

:I would seriously be happy to. But if it could wait until tomorrow, that would be superb. I went sailing today and just got home; after many years, I still haven't quite gotten my sea legs and I'm going to need a little rest :) But tomorrow for sure. I also think Arcayne hit it right on the mark regarding the assassination attempt situation. Sure, medical sources are great, but sources from independent centers such as the should not be ruled out. Here, Reagan's staff is recalling that day in March and how it impacted him and the administration. As for the fall hastening Alzheimer's, apparently there are conflicting reports and I will try to go into that tomorrow when I talk about the proposed paragraph. Until then, ] (]) 03:38, 2 June 2008 (UTC)

Alright, I've had my rest and here it goes:

*My biggest problem with the proposed paragraph is that it asserts Nancy Reagan is wrong. It presents what she said happened, and then disproves it with medical journal articles. That is unacceptable, as we have two reliable sources and are saying one is right and the other must be mistaken. Now what we can do to solve that problem is simply mention the 1989 fall in the "Post-presidency" section, not connecting it to Alzheimer's; we would omit Mrs. Reagan's response and the medical articles to allow the reader to made up his/her own mind on the matter. After reading the Alzheimer's section, the reader may wonder if the fall contributed to Reagan's disease, but the reader may not. That is the most neutral route and will eliminate ] and ] problems.

*Next, the paragraph says Reagan was symptomatic for two years. Yet that phrase comes from only one person. Others () noticed nothing. Would it not be better to go with what his doctors said, which is "Over the past 12 months we began to notice from President Reagan's test results symptoms indicating the possibility of early-stage Alzheimer's disease. Additional testing and an extensive observation over the past few weeks have led us to conclude that President Reagan is entering the early stages of this disease." ().

*And what about the last paragraph about Alzheimer's progressing, Reagan's hip replacement, and his receaching the age of 90? That needs to be retained.

As a result of this, I propose:

<blockquote>In November 1994, Reagan announced that he had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, an incurable neurological disorder which ultimately causes brain cells to die. ] His doctors said that he had been exibiting symptoms indicating the possibility of early-stage Alzheimer's for the past year, ] and was ultimately diagnosed at the Mayo Clinic in August 1994. At the age of 83, in a hand-written letter to the American people, the former president wrote, "I now being the journey that will lead me into the sunset of my life. I know that for America, there will always be a bright dawn ahead. Thank you, my friends. May God always bless you." ]
<br>
<br>
After his diagnosis, there was speculation over whether Reagan had demonstrated symptoms of mental degeneration while in office. </blockquote>

I enjoy these discussions! Best, ] (]) 00:13, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

:I give up. Why is unacceptable to present evidence that Nancy Reagan might be wrong? And why do we not accept the New York Times report of two years of clear symptoms? All of this fits with just about everything known about Alzheimer disease, and I am sorry that you are unfamiliar with the literature about the disease, but I am not going to take the time and teach a class on it. And, regrettably, I am abandoning my presumption of good faith. My suspicions of a hagiographic slant to this article are confirmed by a remark saying it's "unacceptable" to present the possibility that Nancy Reagan could have made an error. I find that remark totally beyond the pale. I regret the time I have invested trying to improve this article. ] (]) 01:48, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

::I think you are interpreting my comment about Mrs. Reagan incorrectly. What is unacceptable is discrediting a reliable source, which is what is done in your proposed paragraph. The best thing to do, because we have two conflicting reliable sources, is allow the reader to make up his/her own mind by mentioning it but not connecting it to Alzheimer's, which I've outlined and proposed above. Your assertion that this article is a "hagiography" is completely false; I am a Republican but the article has Arcayne, a Democrat, to balance out the views. You'll see that we have worked together on multiple issues. ] (]) 03:54, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

:::Actually, Hap, what we have here are two sources that seemingly contradict each other. We do not have to decide who is right, so we present them side by side, and let the reader make up their mind. Nancy doesn't have a medical degree, and Ronnie was her hubbie, so she may not have all the facts, and is completely willing to do whatever is necessary to protect the memory of her husband - that is only to be expected. We have medical citations noting a connection, but not a specific link. We ''have'' to say that, I am thinking. Don't give up, Drz - Hap is a pretty stubborn guy, but he does admit when he's a bit right of neutral ground. You just have to take the time to point out where the issue truly is. He apparently knows them, so he's maybe a bit too close to the subject to be neutral, but he does make a serious effort to be fair. Give him the benefit of the doubt.
:::Hap, to be clear, Nancy doesn't get more authority 'juice' over medical experts, and let's be frank - I wouldn't trust Reagan's former cabinet with a used toothbrush. Their statements are - at best - bordering on sycophantic posturing. They get no rhythm with me whatsoever. Drz makes excellent points, and when presented with medical info, we will use it over Nancy's remembrances every time (and twice on Sunday). I won't take the cheap shot of comparing science to horoscopesg, but others will, if there is no allowance for reliable medical citation. The one thing we have to be on the lookout for is ]. Let's everyone calm down and keep talking. We will arrive at a solution. - ] ] 05:04, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

I think that the solution is right around the corner. Yes, Arcayne, they do contradict themselves. But that does not mean that neither is reliable. How about this:

<blockquote>In July 1989, the Reagans took a trip to Mexico, where Reagan was thrown off a horse and taken to a hospital for tests. The Reagans returned to the U.S. and visited the Mayo Clinic, where they were told President Reagan had a head concussion and subdural hematoma. It was sugically treated after the prognosis.
<br>
<br>
In November 1994, Reagan announced that he had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, an incurable neurological disorder which ultimately causes brain cells to die. ] His doctors said that he had been exibiting symptoms indicating the possibility of early-stage Alzheimer's for the past year, ] and was ultimately diagnosed at the Mayo Clinic in August 1994. At the age of 83, in a hand-written letter to the American people, the former president wrote, "I now being the journey that will lead me into the sunset of my life. I know that for America, there will always be a bright dawn ahead. Thank you, my friends. May God always bless you." ] Nancy Reagan asserts that her husband's 1989 fall hastened the onset of Alzheimer's disease, citing what doctors told her, although head trauma has not been conclusively proven to accelerate Alzheimer's.
<br>
<br>
After his diagnosis, there was speculation over whether Reagan had demonstrated symptoms of mental degeneration while in office. </blockquote>

This version seems to encompass all that we have talked about. And just for the record: I do not know the Reagans, but I did meet the president and Nancy. ] (]) 05:50, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

Hey, thanks for your support.

Now back to the show. :-)

Am not keen about the proposed paragraph. Stylistic problems: (1) Is better to tell the story like a newspaper column (i.e. big points to little points) rather than chronologically. A reader who sees the section header "Alzheimer disease" will be confused if the section starts out with the horse incident. (2) Way too many words. Can really be tightened up. And, Mexico is not important. (3) Some of the sentences don't make sense (typos?).

From the content standpoint: (1) I found a statement by other Reagan docs that symptoms started in 1992. This is in one of the NY Times articles the article references already. (2) The description of Alzheimer disease is uncool. Lots of diseases cause brain cells to die. The hallmark of Alzheimer disease is progressive and irreversible dementia. Dementia is a technical medical term that readers can click on and read about if they are puzzled.

The big point of discussion is Nancy Reagan's statement. Happy, can you quote for me exactly what she says in the "Ronnie" book? I ask this because one of the NY Times articles gives a very sensible statement from Dr. Ruge on this subject (which I have put into the draft below). It does not mention Alzheimer disease -- it mentions failing memory, a crucial difference -- plus he gives the correct caveat. I can get on board with Ruge's statement, and I suspect it may be the statement that was said to Nancy. So the question is: how different is Nancy's text?

The draft:

:In August 1994, physicians at the ] diagnosed the 83-year-old Reagan with ], a progressive and irreversible form of ]. Reagan publicly announced the diagnosis in a ] to the American people that November, saying "I now begin the journey that will lead me into the sunset of my life. I know that for America, there will always be a bright dawn ahead. Thank you, my friends. May God always bless you."

:According to his physicians, Reagan had displayed symptoms indicating the possibility of early-stage Alzheimer's in 1992 or 1993.

: *** Slight rewording of first sentence of this paragraph; rest copied verbatim from current article, except as noted*** There was, however, considerable speculation over whether he had symptoms of the disease while in office. Former CBS White House Press Corps Lesley Stahl recalls in her book Reporting Live, an "unsettling" interview with the president where "a vacant Reagan barely seemed to realize anyone else was in the room", and that before he "reemerged into alertness" she recalls that "I had come that close to reporting that Reagan was senile." Reagan would also encounter occasional difficulty recalling names and titles, notably while meeting with Japanese Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone wherein he repeatedly referred to his Vice President as "Prime Minister Bush." ***cut out redundant sentence about symptoms appearing in 1992 per doctors, and tidied next sentence. *** However, his former Chief of Staff James Baker considered "ludicrous" the idea of Reagan sleeping during cabinet meetings.

: ***new paragraph*** Complicating the picture, Reagan suffered two episodes of head trauma in the years just before his diagnosis. After being thrown from a horse in 1989, a ] was found and surgically treated. In 1994 he struck his head hard enough in an airplane to warrant comment from physicians ***this was in one of the articles; I'll find it***. Reagan's one-time physician, Dr. Daniel Ruge, has said it is possible, but not certain, that the horse accident affected the course of Reagan's failing memory.


__TOC__
: *** old sentence in bullpen, awaiting exact quote *** Nancy Reagan asserts that her husband's 1989 fall hastened the onset of Alzheimer's disease, citing what doctors told her, although head trauma has not been conclusively proven to accelerate Alzheimer's.


==Current consensus==<!-- This header must be on this page, not the subpage, to support mobile users. -->
Thanks. ] (]) 09:43, 4 June 2008 (UTC)
{{/Current consensus}}


== Lede Image for ] ==
:Well I'm glad to know that we are back on the same page! :) Here's the exact mention from Mrs. Reagan's 2002 book ''I Love You, Ronnie'':


Which of the following images should serve as the lede?
:<blockquote>I've always had the feeling that the severe blow to his head in 1989 hastened the onset of Ronnie's Alzhiemer's. The doctors think so too. In the years leading up to the diagnosis of the disease, in August 1994, he had not shown symptoms of the illness. I didn't suspect that Ronnie was ill when we went back to the Mayo Clinic that summer for our regular checkup. When the doctors told us they'd found symptoms of Alzheimer's, I was dumbfounded. Ronnie's fall from the horse had worried me terribly, of course, and I'd had to urge him to take time out to recover after his operation. But I had seen no signs of anything else. </blockquote>


<gallery mode=packed heights=200px>
:See if that helps with anything. And as of now, I like your version above (and I will comment more once your proposal is completely finished). Again, I think we are very close to a solution! Thanks all, ] (]) 22:54, 4 June 2008 (UTC)
Official Portrait of President Reagan 1981.jpg|'''A''' (Current Image)
Official Portrait of President Reagan 1981 (cropped)(b).jpg|'''B'''
</gallery> ] (]) 03:42, 23 September 2024 (UTC)


:{{ping|Rjensen|Drdpw|Neveselbert|Jaydenwithay|SNUGGUMS|GoodDay|GuardianH|Dimadick|Marginataen|SPECIFICO}} In light of the significant extent of your contributions to the "Ronald Reagan" page (as well as relatively recent evidence of your continued interest in said article), you are invited to participate in a discussion regarding the title of the article. Should you feel so inclined, please share your thoughts below. ] (]) 04:07, 23 September 2024 (UTC)
::Well I've restructured the section with DrZ's basic draft in mind. I think it is a nice compromise. ] (]) 02:36, 11 June 2008 (UTC)


:The current consensus (see above) is for "A".] (]) 03:47, 23 September 2024 (UTC)
== "Limited" Government? ==
:Both A and B have an odd red tone, which others noted ] and ]. Last year, I uploaded a retouched photograph, ], which I believe has a more realistic skin tone. I also believe that the backdrop is supposed to be blue as opposed to green based on ] and ]. I added the retouch to Reagan article on the other languages and it has held up very well there. --] (]) 03:59, 23 September 2024 (UTC)
This article states, "As president, Reagan implemented new political initiatives as well as economic policies, advocating a limited government...." and then goes on to say that the "the extent to which the implementation of these ideas was successful is debated." Actually, there's really nothing to "debate," is there? The government deficit TRIPLED under Reagan, who racked up the biggest peacetime deficits in the history of the United States. To say that it is "debatable" as to whether Reagan succeeded in his stated goal of "limited government" is flat-out wrong. Government spending, in fact, exploded under Reagan.
:I do not have a problem with the current image ''per se''. That being said, I think there is a significant amount of empty space in the left side of the image that could be cropped out to provide a more centered view of the subject. Hence my support for '''B'''. ] (]) 04:15, 23 September 2024 (UTC)
:I don't see any meaningful difference between the two images. Pretty much the same details and the same coloration. ] (]) 07:46, 23 September 2024 (UTC)
:I prefer A. Why <s>retouch</s> and crop an official portrait?]] 08:59, 23 September 2024 (UTC)
::Didn’t retouch original image. Just cropped it. ] (]) 09:08, 23 September 2024 (UTC)
:Not seeing much difference aside from cropping, but I'd opt for '''B''' when it has a closer focus on Ronald's face. ] (] / ]) 11:51, 23 September 2024 (UTC)
:I've uploaded a new version ] which comes from https://catalog.archives.gov/id/75856593. I cropped it and adjusted the levels. ] (]) 04:36, 12 November 2024 (UTC)


== Semi-protected edit request on 13 November 2024 ==
== "No Criticism?" ==


{{edit semi-protected|Ronald Reagan|answered=yes}}
I find it kind of surprising there is no section on criticism of Reagan in this article... People think he is some godman.... Me thinks he is just another rull of the mill supporters of those who can already support themselves, and everyone else is in the dust... Breaking the ATCU was just a despicable thing to do, when you have a job where you are basically holding thousands of lives in your hand everyday, and millions over your career, you should have the right to have better working conditions if it is needed.] (]) 18:31, 6 June 2008 (UTC)
Weasel Word in {{section link|Ronald Reagan|1980 election}}, on the fourth paragraph, it says " Joseph Crespino argues that the visit was designed to reach out to Wallace-inclined voters, and '''some''' also saw these actions as an extension of the Southern strategy to garner white support for Republican candidates." Please add a weasel word alert on that word to alert any reader of that article that it is a weasel word ] (]) 02:15, 13 November 2024 (UTC)
:If you read the article, you will find that plenty of criticisms are there. But per ], we do not reserve a section entirely devoted to criticism or critical views. ] (]) 22:33, 6 June 2008 (UTC)
:Well, you know, this is a user driven encyclopedia. If you feel that the ATCU section does not do a good job of conveying what happened with the ACTU strike, feel free to add text to that section, using ] of course. --] <small>(])</small> 02:19, 7 June 2008 (UTC)
::Ha, that's a nice theory and nice idea but the cadre of historical revisionists on Misplaced Pages will immediately revert it, regardless of how well sourced it is.--] (]) 02:25, 7 June 2008 (UTC)
:::With respect, Aujord, if you feel the article is missing something, roll up your sleeves (like everyone else here has done) and seek out some citations that support your statements. Anyone here can attest to the fact that historical revisionists get zero rhythm from me. Rather than complain about how the article sucks ass, maybe you could work to make it better. I look forward to your cited stuff. You do make a point though; if you don't source it to neutral associations (as neutral as, say, the Heritage Foundation - lol), you are allowing the commentary to be attacked. It is going to have to be good stuff to be included, since we've managed to weed out a significant amount of garbage that some have tried to insinuate into the article. Those folk are long gone. The ones wanting a good article are still here. I hope you will be too. - ] ] 04:24, 7 June 2008 (UTC)
::Yeah. I included a citation, didn't seem to matter, the Heritage Foundation? The book I cited was published by Oxford University Press and written by a professor of history at the University of Arizona. I don't have a bone to pick with Reagan, even kind of like the guy, but I came to try to make the article a little clearer I was reverted. I was also belittled by you for "complaining this article sucks ass". Tell me, what would make me want to work to make this article better after that? --] (]) 10:04, 7 June 2008 (UTC)
::As a note, I reverted back, and outlined my reasons in the section below, earlier dismissed as "complaining this article sucks ass". Do people actually take you seriously? Sheesh. I am not going to edit war, or bicker any longer. It just isn't worth it to be summarily dismissed and belittled, in the end I can take solace in knowing that anyone who really wanted to find out about Reagan need only visit a library where no one gets to rewrite the past in an instant to suit their worldview. --] (]) 10:10, 7 June 2008 (UTC)
:::Okay, why don't we try that again, Aujord? Please bring the citation to the discussion page, and we can find out what issue folk had with it. That seems to be a better course than throwing up your hands in despair. - ] ] 13:53, 7 June 2008 (UTC)
:*Here's the citation that was so unacceptable to Happyme22: Schaller, Michael. ''Reckoning with Reagan'', Oxford University Press, New York City: 1992, p. 160, (ISBN 0195069153). That's it.--] (]) 01:53, 8 June 2008 (UTC)


:I don't know how else to put it....as we go on (with RS) to document that some/others disagree with that view.] (]) 04:58, 13 November 2024 (UTC)
==Unexplained reversion==
Someone just reverted a neutral one-sentence addition inexplicably with an edit summary of "true but blah blah blah no one definitively showed it blah blah ". The problem is that the sentence didn't say that someone definitely showed it but to not include it gives a totally false impression of the event. Lets see, quote from North's memoirs "President Reagan knew everything". Your reversion was completely unjustified. Completely. I have revereted.--] (]) 02:12, 7 June 2008 (UTC)


::@] I added a {{who}} tag, which I think is the best way to temporarily resolve this. <span class="nowrap">–]</span> (] • ]) 05:24, 13 November 2024 (UTC)
:This is the sentence: "Later, both Oliver North and John Poindexter asserted that Reagan knew about and encouraged the plan". This revisionism non sense that Reagan knew nothing of the Iran -Contra plan is just crap. It is revisionist history. If the sentence is true there is no reason to not include it, especially not the revisionist-history-reason that was given in the reversion. I can see no reason to not include it. If the reversion that occurred is typical of the attitude of Wikipedians surrounding this article I can see no reason not continue with a detailed critique and opening of a FARC.--] (]) 02:22, 7 June 2008 (UTC)


== Lead claim ==
::I challenge you to produce a source, written by a historian, that state Reagan knew nothing, my sentence didn't even say he knew everything just that members of his inner circle said he did. The fact of the matter is, he knew everything, and you know it. I cant believe I even have to justify this. Misplaced Pages is in a poorer state of affairs than I thought when it comes to history if this is what a history featured article looks like. --] (]) 02:29, 7 June 2008 (UTC)


:{{tq|Reagan's policies also contributed to the end of the Cold War and the end of Soviet communism}}
:::And the Tower Commission was a joke, as were all of the committees and panels that investigated this, hamstrung by the executive's refusal to release key documents as well as North's shredding party at the NSC office. Who ever reverted this really needs to become better acquainted with the real history of the United States.--] (]) 02:31, 7 June 2008 (UTC)
This appears to be a pseudohistorical and negationist myth that conservatives have maintained for some time now. The first phase of the Cold War came to an end during Reagan's regime, and along with it Soviet communism, but there is no evidence whatsoever Reagan had anything to do with it, and when the ] finally came down in 1989, Reagan wasn't even around. The precipitating event for the end of the Cold War and the collapse of Soviet communism was the Chernobyl nuclear disaster in 1986, not Reagan. ] (]) 22:28, 21 November 2024 (UTC)


:Do you have a concrete "change X to Y" to propose? ] (]) 22:39, 21 November 2024 (UTC)
::::Actually, it's not that big of deal. Fester in ignorance for all I care, at least this will be here for people to see when they question the accuracy of this article. Based on your senseless reversion, I have no interest in working with you. Page unwatched. --] (]) 04:05, 7 June 2008 (UTC)
::Isn't that implied by my comment? ] (]) 23:03, 21 November 2024 (UTC)
:::No, you just state that you think that the sentence is biased and needs to be changed. Propose a concrete change, for, as you know, this is not a forum for general discussion on the topic. ] (]) 23:28, 21 November 2024 (UTC)
::::How odd. I don't see a general discussion. I have proposed that the article ''is'' biased, repeatedly, for many, many years. And it is. ] (]) 23:31, 21 November 2024 (UTC)
::::What source citation in the article supports the claim that "Reagan's policies also contributed to the end of the Cold War and the end of Soviet communism"? ] (]) 23:45, 21 November 2024 (UTC)
:::::Text describing the role of Reagan's policies in the Cold War is in two subsections, "Escalation of the Cold War" and "Soviet decline and thaw in relations". I agree that this sentence in the lead paragraphs is not accurately supported by, and does not accurately summarize, those subsections. The subsections themselves look to me to be reasonably close to neutral, but this sentence needs to be adjusted to properly summarize them. Do you want to propose a revised wording here in the talk page? ] (]) 00:36, 22 November 2024 (UTC)
::::::Just a note, there's more material in the Legacy > Historical reputation section, which is where I think the statement in question comes from originally. ] (]) 01:23, 22 November 2024 (UTC)
::::::Still working on it. I have to review a lot of literature and that will take me several days. ] (]) 00:46, 22 November 2024 (UTC)
::::::If you can think of a better wording that represents the section, have at it. ] (]) 00:48, 22 November 2024 (UTC)


:{{tq|In 2008, British historian M. J. Heale summarized that scholars had reached a broad consensus in which "Reagan rehabilitated conservatism, turned the country to the right, practiced a 'pragmatic conservatism' that balanced ideology with the constraints of government, revived faith in the presidency and American self-respect, and contributed to critically ending the Cold War", which ended with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.}}
Could you supply some citations to reinforce those statements, please? - ] ] 13:54, 7 June 2008 (UTC)
::This quote, as it turns out, is not Heale's words as it suggests, but rather that of professor David Henry writing a larger book review of ''Ronald Reagan and the 1980s: Perceptions, Policies, Legacies'' (2008), of which he summarizes the epilogue of the book, which was written by Heale. This ignores the wider scope of the same review of a book which Henry suggests in a balanced manner "is neither universally positive nor reflexively skeptical of Reagan’s intellect, political skill, or influence in foreign and domestic affairs"; Henry also notes that Niels Bjerre-Poulsen contributed an essy "on the conservative 'crusade' to install Reagan in the pantheon of the greatest presidents", an effort I've commented about here in the past. While it is of course, accepted academic style to cite a source about another source, particularly when it's one academic in the same field commenting about another, one could also argue that this quote is used in a misleading way, perhaps even cherry picked. ] (]) 01:44, 22 November 2024 (UTC)
::: Not many totalitarian polities have collapsed overnight as USSR all by themselves--a strong outside push is typically involved. Reagan led the strong outside push. There is a lot of discussion among scholars. see for example Jeffrey W. Knopf, "Did Reagan Win the Cold War?" Strategic Insights, Volume III, Issue 8 (August 2004) who states: "My own conclusion is that Reagan was neither decisive nor irrelevant. Reagan contributed positively to the end of the Cold War, but his role was just one of several essential factors and his positive contributions were not always the result of taking a hard-line stance." ] (]) 02:03, 22 November 2024 (UTC)
::::Thanks for pointing to the Legacy section; I had forgotten to look there.
::::The sentence in the lead has at least two obvious problems:
::::*It cites the article about Reagan in Britannica. We aren't supposed to be citing other encyclopedias; and in the lead section, we aren't supposed to introduce new material that needs to be cited, as everything here is supposed to summarize, and be supported by, the main body of the article.
::::*The second phrase, "... and the end of Soviet communism", is not supported even by the Britannica article. The quotation from Heale doesn't mention the dissolution of the Soviet Union either, although the text in which we quote Heale also states that the Cold War endied with the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
::::Without having handy access to Henry and Cannon and/or Brands, I cannot tell if we are doing ] here. In that sentence in the lead section, I would suggest just removing the last part, "...and the end of Soviet communism". It is actually neutral to say that Reagan's policies contributed to the end of the Cold War, specifically because he signed the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, and generally because, as president of the United States, he couldn't help but contribute to whatever was happening at the time in the Cold War.
::::The idea that Reagan's policies somehow brought about the dissolution of the Soviet Union several years after Reagen had been president is something that we have to mention, since it is widely circulated, however little or however much it is supported by serious historians. But the lead paragraphs are not the place to assert controversial ideas like that. ] (]) 04:30, 22 November 2024 (UTC)


::A few more comments, because this kind of illustrates the problem:
No. Read a book. The citation I supplied was deleted because apparently peer reviewed literature is disallowed by the Republican party. Have fun with this poor article. ] (]) 01:49, 8 June 2008 (UTC)
:::#Reagan rehabilitated conservatism. Why was conservatism in need of "rehabilitation"? Is this a reference to Nixon and Watergate? It's an odd idea, that a political philosophy was in need of rehabilitation. I have trouble accepting this. How was conservatism rehabilitated? I ask because I don't know the answer and I suspect it doesn't make sense to our readers either.
:You might want to really consider your posts before actually hitting the return key, sport. I am pretty sure that suggesting that your fellow editors - simply trying to help you get your views reflected - read a book is not the best way to get them to advocate your cause, or continue to listen to your rant. Perhaps you came here just to ] your opinion your piece. Maybe you should also consider taking the time to learn how Misplaced Pages works before coming here and expecting us to fall in line with your views. When you feel like working with us instead of calling us shills of the Republicans (which is a pretty tedious and astoundingly uninformed - not to mention uncivil - accusation).
:::#Turned the country to the right. I don't think there is a rational argument against this, as the facts show that Reagan turned the US rightwards. Anyone who disputes this is living on Earth2.
:When you get some citations, come on back, and we'll do this right. Until then, you are wasting our - and your - time. - ] ] 11:31, 14 June 2008 (UTC)
:::#Practiced a 'pragmatic conservatism' that balanced ideology with the constraints of government. This is an assertion that appears questionable and far from neutral.
:::#Revived faith in the presidency and American self-respect. See no. 1. This is clearly a reference to the Nixon administration. This may be what conservatives believe, but it sounds like an assertion of faith in conservatism, not a neutral statement.
:::#Contributed to critically ending the Cold War. This is an accepted tenet of conservative philosophy. But is it true?
::Just wanted to show what I thought was also problematic. ] (]) 02:05, 22 November 2024 (UTC)
:We do source (at several points) this. At one point later in the article, it says "<i>Many proponents, including his Cold War contemporaries, believe that his defense policies, economic policies, military policies, and hard-line rhetoric against the Soviet Union and communism, together with his summits with Gorbachev, played a significant part in ending the Cold War.</i> Source #397 says exactly that: "<i>A dedicated anti-communist, he reached out to the Soviet Union and helped end the cold war.</i>" Source #395 quotes Gorbachev directly saying: "<i>He has already entered history as a man who was instrumental in bringing about the end of the Cold War</i>". We can add more if necessary. In 'Restless Giant...' for example (by: James Patterson, a heavyweight historian whose work is already cited in the article) he acknowledges that there is debate on this point (more on that in a minute) but ultimately says (on p.216): "<i>Many evaluators nonetheless correctly concede Reagan's contributions .</i>" John Lewis Gaddis (maybe the most highly regarded historian of the Cold War) also says Reagan played a important role in the end of the Cold War (in works like 'The United States and the End of the Cold War...')
:So there is sourcing to say this.....<b>however</b>, I do acknowledge that there is debate on this in numerous other RS sources. Ergo, acknowledging that, maybe something more appropriate for the LEAD is to say something like <i>..." policies are also believed to have contributed to the end of the Cold War by ...</i>"] (]) 05:52, 22 November 2024 (UTC)
::Everyone wants to claim credit for ending the Cold War. Misplaced Pages must carefully avoid choosing between many claimants. ] (]) 19:22, 22 November 2024 (UTC)


== possible split == == US bias? ==


:{{tq|Critics have felt that the administration ignored the human rights violations in the countries they backed, including genocide in Guatemala and mass killings in Chad.}}
This article is 143kb in size. Interested editors may consider splitting it. ] is a good read regarding article size.--] (]) 02:49, 21 June 2008 (UTC)
It's strange how outside the US, there's no "critics have felt" fudging and hedging. "Heavily supported by the Reagan administration, local forces wrought catastrophic violence in Nicaragua and El Salvador. Meanwhile, in Guatemala, US-supported military regimes carried out genocide in the name of fighting communism." Tanya Harmer, London School of Economics, author of ''Allende's Chile and the Inter-American Cold War'' which won the Latin American Studies Association Luciano Tomassini book award. In support of this claim, Harmer cites historian ], ''The Killing Zone: The United States Wages Cold War in Latin America''. It's so weird how this critical consensus is reduced to "critics have felt" by Reagan devotees. ] (]) 23:30, 21 November 2024 (UTC)
:This article is within guidelines. Articles are not measured by the total kb count, rather they are measured by readable prose. This article is 59kb readable prose, which is within guidelines. Per ], articles with readable prose over 60kb should begin splitting the information into separate articles. Well, we have already begun doing that, for this there is ], which divides into ] (including ]) and ] (including ]). ] (]) 03:24, 21 June 2008 (UTC)


:Again, propose a concrete change to the sentence, this is not a forum for general discussion. ] (]) 23:34, 21 November 2024 (UTC)
== Berlin wall picture people ==
::I don't see any general discussion. I have ''proposed'' that the statement from the article "Critics have felt that the administration ignored the human rights violations in the countries they backed, including genocide in Guatemala and mass killings in Chad" is biased and factually inaccurate, and I've cited two well known, award winning academics that say otherwise. Firstly, this has nothing to do with "critics". Is someone a "critic" if they write "US-supported military regimes carried out genocide in the name of fighting communism"? I don't think so. This reframing of history as that of critics and supporters is highly suspect and indicative of bias in itself. More to the point, it's laughable that a featured article uses language such as "critics have felt that the administration ignored the human rights violations in the countries they backed", a revisionist form of bias if there ever was one. This has nothing to do with what "critics have felt", it has to do with the US supporting regimes which carried out genocide to fight communism. That's it. But for some reason, we can't actually say that. ] (]) 23:43, 21 November 2024 (UTC)
:The sentence needs to be rewritten. This issue has ''nothing'' whatsoever to do with what critics felt or whether the US ignored or did not ignore human rights violations. This is a subtle form of misdirection. The issue is that genocide by regimes the Reagan administration supported was carried out; whether they ignored it or not is besides the point. They supported it, they funded it, and in many cases, they apparently trained the people who committed the genocide. This kind of editorial misdirection and bias is overt. ] (]) 23:50, 21 November 2024 (UTC)
::Then propose alternate language, and see if it gains consensus. ] (]) 00:00, 22 November 2024 (UTC)
:::Thanks. The first thing I'm doing is looking at the current sources that allegedly support this wording. ] (]) 00:06, 22 November 2024 (UTC)


::{{tq|Critics have felt that the administration ignored the human rights violations in the countries they backed}}
]
:This passage is sourced to ], professor of military history, on p. 381 of his book ''Quicksand'' (2010). Looking at the page, we find the following: "Reagan largely ignored the human rights violations that had troubled the Carter administration. His "Reagan Doctrine" sought anticommunist guerrillas wherever they cropped up, whether in Angola, Nicaragua or Afghanistan." There is no criticism of Reagan by Wawro in this book or anywhere else for that matter. Yet, a Misplaced Pages editor describes him as a "critic". This is the problem I'm talking about. I should note in passing that ] has chosen Wawro as a featured author over at their Conservative Book Club. ] (]) 02:25, 22 November 2024 (UTC)
Left of him on the picture is ], right of him is ]. ] (]) 21:00, 14 July 2008 (UTC)
::I'm confused. You say Wawro offers "no criticism of Reagan"....while simultaneously providing the quote (on p.381) where Wawro says "Reagan largely ignored the human rights violations that had troubled the Carter administration.". Saying someone "largely ignored the human rights violations" sure sounds like criticism to me.] (]) 06:24, 22 November 2024 (UTC)
:::I will try to keep this brief, but I could easily write 20,000 words on this subject. It's not a criticism, it's a fact based, historical observation based on the Reagan Doctrine. It's not a subject of dispute or controversy. What would be a "criticism" is interpreting the result, such as making a critique arguing that the implications of ignoring human rights abuses to prevent the communists from winning the Cold War lessens the standing of the United States at home and abroad, particularly in upholding its core values to promote democracy and human rights. This kind of critique comes up a lot. By analogy, we saw it widely discussed during the Bush 43 admin in the context of John Yoo, the Torture Memos, and enhanced interrogation methods. The critique in this case, is not that the US under a Republican administration engaged in these acts, those are historical facts. The critique is that such acts led to a weakening of American values at home and abroad and made foreign policy more difficult to achieve, as it "decreased the feasibility of counterterrorism policies, alienated traditional allies, and weakened the influence of American soft power around the globe" (Lal 2023). To conclude, Geoffrey Wawro should be attributed as a military historian who observes or notes that the Reagan administration ignored the human rights violations in the countries they backed. This is not in dispute by anyone. Note, there is no reason to call Wawro a critic here, as there is no critique (By ignoring human rights violations, the Reagan admin did x, y, and z to American a, b, and c.). The underlying problem here, is that calling a military historian a "critic" for simply stating facts about military history is a form of bias. This is because "critic" in the specific context of politics, implies not just the simple definition of "a person who expresses an unfavorable opinion of something", but more importantly, a critic in political discourse is often assumed to be at odds with the subject, such as a "critic" of Ronald Reagan. In conservative discourse, this leads to loyalists treating critics as the opposition. This is very subtle. By calling a military historian a critic here, you are using loaded language that sets up pro-Reagan readers to dismiss his POV because it isn't "loyal" to Reagan. This is an easy way to psychologically dismantle anything you don't like in this biography and promote a hagiography in its place. ] (]) 08:47, 22 November 2024 (UTC)
::::I have no issue with getting specific as to who the "critic" are/is. It was probably just the writer's way of rolling a number of people into one term (as there are multiple cites). I doubt there was any POV-pushing intent. After all, if someone was to ID them based on the sources....that would imply just Person X or Y takes issue with Reagan here.....when in fact, it is much more than that. I cannot think of a source that combines everyone under that banner however.] (]) 17:48, 22 November 2024 (UTC)
:::::Done. ] (]) 20:29, 24 November 2024 (UTC)
::::::There's two other things here that shed additional light, but I'm not sure how easy it is to add. First, the notion that human rights should be ignored in favor of winning the war with the Soviets appears to greatly predate Reagan according to Wawro, going back at least 20 or more years to the presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower. Second, it needs to be made clear that Reagan, unlike Carter, de-prioritized human rights to play the kind of hardball that was talked about in the Eisenhower admin. This explains some of the mechanics behind the Reagan Doctrine and how it ties into older policies and activities. Wawro has an interesting quote about this, in regards to the Russian influence in Iran under Mosaddegh, before he was overthrown in the 1953 coup: "The Soviets were ruthless operators who needed, as CIA agent Miles Copeland put it, to be 'matched perfidy for perfidy' in a program of 'crypto-diplomacy' that would add steel to America’s 'romanticized' public diplomacy of freedom, democracy and human rights." This draws a line from anti-Soviet US policies in the 1950s directly to Reagan, which appear never to have changed. ] (]) 22:18, 24 November 2024 (UTC)
:::::::These are interesting, but the topic is straying from a biography of Reagan. ] (]) 22:56, 24 November 2024 (UTC)
::::::::My overarching point is that so-called human rights violations by the Reagan administration reveal a trans-epochal nature at their root. While we can say the Reagan administration was responsible, and that is indeed true, a closer look reveals that this idea, that human rights are not important or essential but are just a talking point to "sell" soft power, goes further back to the 1950s. I think this reveals something important about the long-range policymaking, indicating that it doesn't exist in a vacuum and it didn't just pop up overnight in 1980 but had been around for many decades, and continued as a guiding policy at some level from administration to administration regardless of who was president. This also reveals an idea that is often glossed over in historical biographies like this one, that there are policy blueprints and decisions being made that don't originate in a specific time or place associated with the subject under discussion but precede it over long periods of time. In this regard, there should be a way to take this into account and reframe it, to show that Reagan was carrying out older policies and guidelines for fighting the Soviets that had been resurrected after Carter was voted out of office. Wawro emphasizes the difference between the two admins as a matter of fact. ] (]) 23:14, 24 November 2024 (UTC)
:::::::::That's a point I've made on this talk page quite a few times....but there wasn't much support for putting that in the context of the Cold War. (I heard a lot of stuff about "this page is about Reagan".) And really Carter didn't have completely clean hands in this regard either, despite his rhetoric on human rights. (The realities of the Cold War forced him into things that he probably wasn't too keen on doing.) But really it predates the Cold War too. (After all, in WW II (for example) we partnered with one of the biggest mass murderers in history (as well as the biggest colonial empire ever).)] (]) 03:59, 25 November 2024 (UTC)
::::::::::Good points. I will revisit the second part ("Other human rights concerns include the genocide in Guatemala and mass killings in Chad) tomorrow. ] (]) 09:09, 25 November 2024 (UTC)


== Edits needed while locked. == == Introduction in lead ==


I propose that the first lead paragraph be rewritten to read as follows:
I can't make edits, presumably because I don't have an account. In the "Early Political Career" section, there is a sentence about The Devil Reagan's GE plant speeches that has a spelling error in it. The word "to" before "controversial" needs to be replaced by "too". I suggest replacing "bestselling" with "best-selling" when referring to The Devil Reagan's published diaries. The sentence about The Devil Reagan being the oldest man elected to the presidency seems awkwardly sandwiched between two sentences regarding his inauguration speech; this would probably be better moved elsewhere, perhaps to the beginning of the section. In the "Death" section, "Bel-Air" should be replaced by "Bel Air".
:'''Ronald Wilson Reagan'''{{efn|Pronounced {{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|eɪ|ɡ|ən|audio=en-us-Reagan.oga}} {{respell|RAY|gən}}{{sfn|Brands|2015|p=261}}}} (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was the 40th ], serving from 1981 to 1989. Prior to ], he was a career actor. A member of the ], he became an important figure in the ]. His presidency is known as the ].


{{reflist-talk}}
] (]) 22:12, 24 June 2008 (UTC)
{{notelist-talk}}


This is consistent with the intro for the bios of previous U.S. presidents. ] (]) 21:31, 29 December 2024 (UTC) ] (]) 21:31, 29 December 2024 (UTC)
:The partisan hatred aside, thanks for the heads up. ] (]) 22:28, 24 June 2008 (UTC)


:Is the change just splitting up the first sentence? If so, this looks good to me.
== This article sanitizes Reagan's record ==
:] (]) 02:20, 30 December 2024 (UTC)
This article relates a story about how as a youth Reagan opposed racial discrimination and supposedly befriended black people who were refused entry at a local inn and brought them home, where his mother welcomed them to spend the night. Personally, I don't believe this story (which appears in no Reagan biography that I've read).
::This change is pretty much rewriting the first sentence. As stated by other editors, I think it's made clear that Reagan was an American politician by stating that he was the president of the United States. ] (]) 11:02, 30 December 2024 (UTC)
I find it interesting how this article mentions dubious stories like that, but has zero mention of the fact that Reagan opposed the Voting Rights Act of 1965, calling it a "humiliation" to the South. <small>—Preceding ] comment added by ] (]) 20:26, 16 July 2008 (UTC)</small><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->
:It's good to remove "American politician" here, since by saying that he was the president of the United States, we also establish that he was American, and that he was a politician.
:The event you are referring to was written about extensively in ''God and Ronald Reagan'' by author and professor Paul Kengor. As for Reagan opposing the Civil Rights Act, it is covered in ], which states exactly why he opposed it. Best, ] (]) 21:58, 16 July 2008 (UTC)
:Take a look at ], paragraph 1, and the RfC that it summarizes, ]. This kind of argument, over whether we should say "politician" or "statesman", becomes obsolete if we don't have to say either. However, it is a very instructive discussion, which I myself have quoted in other discussions. ] (]) 03:22, 30 December 2024 (UTC)
::What difference does it make if we're not defining him as either a politician or a statesman? ] (]) 15:43, 2 January 2025 (UTC)


== "ending of the Cold War" Really? == == RfC on introduction ==


<!-- ] 18:01, 8 February 2025 (UTC) -->{{User:ClueBot III/DoNotArchiveUntil|1739037668}}
In the third paragraph it says "Reagan's second term was marked by the ending of the Cold War".
{{rfc|bio|pol|rfcid=60C2A70}}
Should the first sentence in the lead be rewritten: (red to be removed; green to add) "Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was <del style="color: #8B0000;">an American politician and actor who served as</del> the 40th president of the United States<ins style="color: #008560;">, serving</ins> from 1981 to 1989"? ] (]) 17:31, 4 January 2025 (UTC) <small>Modified the RfC question to show the suggested change. ] (]) 21:59, 5 January 2025 (UTC)</small>


*<b>Comment</b>:Other presidents have their intro similar to this one (see Obama's and Clinton's). Point #1 of the Current Consensus (see above) says there is a consensus to call him a "American politician....in the first sentence of the lead section". ] (]) 18:43, 4 January 2025 (UTC)
Although many give Reagan credit for hastening the end of the Cold War, it didn't end before January, 1989 when George H. Bush took office. It is usually cited as being the collapse of the USSR in 1991. Maybe, "beginning of the end" or "working with Gorbachev with goal to end the Cold War". I don't think it should at all exclude his participation but it shouldn't give him sole credit. ] (]) 04:36, 20 July 2008 (UTC)Marklee81
*:In general, arguments of the form "there are other articles that do it this other way" are not conclusive. There are more than 40 articles about U.S. presidents, and many of them begin in a way comparable to what is proposed here.
:Very good catch! I'll change it to read "beginning of the end". Best, ] (]) 19:34, 20 July 2008 (UTC)
*:The Current Consensus argument was whether to use "politician" or "statesman". The proposed rewrite doesn't use either one. Not using either one was not one of the alternatives discussed in the earlier (2016) RfC. ] (]) 20:04, 4 January 2025 (UTC)
*::The consensus was to use "American politician", the fact that not using either one was not a alternative discussed is irrelevant. The fact remains: the current consensus calls for "American politician".] (]) 01:44, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
*'''Support''' the proposed rewrite. It eliminates unnecessary duplicative crud; that is, given that the sentence must have "president of the United States" in it, it doesn't need to also have "American politician" in it. {{pb
}} The proposed rewrite also eliminates "actor". I am in favor of mentioning Reagan's background as an actor in the first paragraph, because it was (and still is) a major component of his notability. But that's perhaps for the ''next'' sentence; the first sentence should be constructed as described in ], and it should be constrained from itemizing all the notable things about the subject, as mentioned in ]. ] (]) 20:11, 4 January 2025 (UTC)
*'''Support''' I also agree with the proposed rewrite. Him being an actor is indeed a key reason for his notability, but it does not have to be included in the very first sentence. The proposed edit is more concise, less repetitive and gets straight to the point, in regard to his principal reason for notability. ] (]) 02:06, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
*'''Disagree:''' I think the existing sentence provides context without complicating. Having the two notability components - politician and actor - does not overload as described in ] and it also provides sufficient context and explains why the person is notable as described in ]. For a non-American new to American politics it is interesting to know that Reagan was a politician and actor, just as it would be interesting to know Trump is a politician and businessman (now) while in 2016 he was a businesspersson turned president! ] (]) 12:07, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
*:A mention of Reagan's career as an actor can be added to the introductory paragraph, such as: ''Prior to his presidency, he was a career actor.'' ] (]) 13:38, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
*'''Oppose'''. The sentence is better as is, serving to more completely describe the subject. -- ] (]) 15:35, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
*'''Oppose''' (<small>called by bot)</small> for reasons already mentioned by ] and ]: present sentence provides context without complicating, alternative is worse. I would like people to check the troublesome edit history of the proponent of this RfC. I am troubled with his/her edits removing content without explanation, introducing mistakes and in particular not replying to other editors warnings. IMO this RfC is unnecessary and a waste of energy.] (]) 18:38, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
*:I am disappointed to see this level of blatant ''ad hominem'' argumentation in response to what I perceive as a well-intentioned RfC. Have we forgotten ]? ] (]) 20:48, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
*'''Oppose''' another unneccessary, if not totally wrong, proposal. The presidents, kings, etc, are the notable people, not Wikipedians who manage to get the beginnings of those articles changed more-or-less just to get some imagined credit/notability for changing them. I oppose any and all unneccessay changes. Many of them smack primarily of a lack of respect for the previous work of others. --] (]) 11:49, 6 January 2025 (UTC)
*'''Oppose'''; his status as an actor is still a major part of his bio (in part because it led into his presidency) and therefore belongs in the first sentence. Also, "politician" is the normal way to describe people notable for political careers; I don't see any real argument for removing it. And overall the "actor and politician" wording just reads more smoothly; it's not true that trimming words always makes things better. The proposed alternative feels choppy and incomplete. --] (]) 21:24, 6 January 2025 (UTC)
*'''Support''' for consistency with the ledes of all other deceased former US presidents, including the late ]. Like Carter's humanitarian career, Reagan's acting career is covered elsewhere in the lead section. &#8209;&#8209;] (] <b>·</b> ] <b>·</b> ]) 21:29, 6 January 2025 (UTC)
*'''Disagree''' I think the current version "was an American politician and actor who served as" is better than the rewrite. Reagan was also well-known for being an actor before he was a politician, and I think that fact should be prominent in the lede. ] (]) 22:45, 7 January 2025 (UTC)
*'''Soft Oppose''' I don't necessarily think the rewrite is bad, but it's not much of an improvement. I don't see any problems with the current first sentence in the lead. He was also well known as the governor of California, not just the president, so "politician" is an apt general description. And as has been noted by others, his acting career was a prominent part of his notability. In fact, it made his presidency itself all the more notable. Even Doc Brown couldn't help but exclaim "Ronald Reagan? The actor!?" when Marty tells him who the president is in 1985. ]] 20:16, 8 January 2025 (UTC)

Latest revision as of 20:16, 8 January 2025

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    Section sizes
    Section size for Ronald Reagan (56 sections)
    Section name Byte
    count
    Section
    total
    (Top) 11,279 11,279
    Early life 3,309 3,309
    Entertainment career 64 11,166
    Radio and film 3,390 3,390
    Military service 2,295 2,295
    Screen Actors Guild presidency 2,818 2,818
    Marriages and children 1,795 1,795
    Television 804 804
    Early political activities 3,885 6,315
    1966 California gubernatorial election 2,430 2,430
    California governorship (1967–1975) 7,459 7,459
    Seeking the presidency (1975–1981) 44 15,347
    1976 Republican primaries 4,139 4,139
    1980 election 11,164 11,164
    Presidency (1981–1989) 242 54,042
    First inauguration 1,702 1,702
    "Reaganomics" and the economy 347 11,138
    Taxation 3,866 3,866
    Inflation and unemployment 2,493 2,493
    Government spending 2,136 2,136
    Deregulation 839 839
    Deficits 1,457 1,457
    Assassination attempt 1,015 1,015
    Supreme Court appointments 605 605
    Public sector labor union fights 1,767 1,767
    Civil rights 3,282 3,282
    War on drugs 2,080 2,080
    Escalation of the Cold War 6,284 6,284
    Invasion of Grenada 1,401 1,401
    1984 election 2,590 2,590
    Response to the AIDS epidemic 3,814 3,814
    Addressing apartheid 5,077 5,077
    Libya bombing 2,192 2,192
    Iran–Contra affair 3,432 3,432
    The USS Stark incident 1,829 1,829
    Soviet decline and thaw in relations 5,592 5,592
    Post-presidency (1989–2004) 4,052 11,726
    Support for Brady Bill 2,125 2,125
    Alzheimer's disease 4,070 4,070
    Death and funeral 1,479 1,479
    Legacy 103 17,293
    Approval ratings 7,139 7,139
    Historical reputation 6,818 6,818
    Political influence 3,233 3,233
    Notes 24 24
    References 15 26,272
    Citations 34 34
    Works cited 61 26,223
    Books 14,888 14,888
    Chapters 3,655 3,655
    Journal articles 7,619 7,619
    External links 102 7,070
    Official sites 459 459
    Media 566 566
    News coverage 316 316
    Other 5,627 5,627
    Total 171,302 171,302
    This article has been viewed enough times in a single week to appear in the Top 25 Report 2 times. The weeks in which this happened:

    Current consensus

    NOTE: It is recommended to link to this list in your edit summary when reverting, as:
    ] item
    To ensure you are viewing the current list, you may wish to purge this page.

    01. There is a consensus to call Ronald Reagan an American politician instead of an American statesman, in the first sentence of the lead section. (RfC December 2016)

    02. Obsolete There is a consensus against adding the proposed text to the Honoring German war dead at Bitburg, Germany section: In fact, some of Waffen-SS soldiers buried at Bitburg had been members of the 2nd SS Panzer Division, nicknamed "Das Reich," which had committed war crimes, although it has been estimated that none of the individual soldiers buried at Bitburg personally participated. (RfC April 2018) Since July 2020, the section no longer appears in the article.

    03. There is a consensus to exclude Reagan's successful push for the United States Senate ratification of the Genocide Convention. (RfC July 2018)

    04. There is a consensus to include in the Iran-Contra affair section, a very brief mention of the aspect of drug trafficking on the part of some Nicaraguan Contras. (RfC September 2019)

    05. There is a consensus to add a subsection about Reagan addressing apartheid and a general consensus on the subsection's wording. (October 2019)

    06. Superseded by #10 There is no consensus to include in the lead section, a clause in the sentence on Reagan's first term stating that during the said term, he largely ignored the burgeoning AIDS crisis. (RfC April 2020)

    07. There is no consensus to include in the lead section, a sentence, immediately preceding the ones on the Soviet Union, stating Reagan resisting calls for stringent sanctions against the apartheid regime in South Africa and vetoed a sanctions bill but was overridden by Congress. (RfC April 2020)

    08. Disputed Beginning in July 2019, there was a discussion about the integration of Reagan's remarks in a 1971 audio recording with Richard Nixon in the narrative of the body, but the closure and outcome is disputed. A similar discussion beginning in June 2020 was archived without closure or a clear consensus. Furthermore, there was not enough discussion on specific wordings or placements for a consensus to emerge on those matters. (February 2020, RfC June 2020)

    09. There is a consensus that File:Official Portrait of President Reagan 1981.jpg should remain as the lead image. (RfC May 2021)

    010. Supersedes #6. There is a consensus to include in the lead section, a clause about Reagan's response to the AIDS epidemic. There is no consensus to include a full sentence there, including Reagan also headed a delayed governmental response to the AIDS epidemic during his tenure. (RfC May 2023)

    Lede Image for Ronald Reagan

    Which of the following images should serve as the lede?

    • A (Current Image) A (Current Image)
    • B B

    Emiya1980 (talk) 03:42, 23 September 2024 (UTC)

    @Rjensen, Drdpw, Neveselbert, Jaydenwithay, SNUGGUMS, GoodDay, GuardianH, Dimadick, Marginataen, and SPECIFICO: In light of the significant extent of your contributions to the "Ronald Reagan" page (as well as relatively recent evidence of your continued interest in said article), you are invited to participate in a discussion regarding the title of the article. Should you feel so inclined, please share your thoughts below. Emiya1980 (talk) 04:07, 23 September 2024 (UTC)
    The current consensus (see above) is for "A".Rja13ww33 (talk) 03:47, 23 September 2024 (UTC)
    Both A and B have an odd red tone, which others noted here and here. Last year, I uploaded a retouched photograph, File:Ronald Reagan 1981 presidential portrait.jpg, which I believe has a more realistic skin tone. I also believe that the backdrop is supposed to be blue as opposed to green based on this and this. I added the retouch to Reagan article on the other languages and it has held up very well there. --Wow (talk) 03:59, 23 September 2024 (UTC)
    I do not have a problem with the current image per se. That being said, I think there is a significant amount of empty space in the left side of the image that could be cropped out to provide a more centered view of the subject. Hence my support for B. Emiya1980 (talk) 04:15, 23 September 2024 (UTC)
    I don't see any meaningful difference between the two images. Pretty much the same details and the same coloration. Dimadick (talk) 07:46, 23 September 2024 (UTC)
    I prefer A. Why retouch and crop an official portrait? SPECIFICO talk 08:59, 23 September 2024 (UTC)
    Didn’t retouch original image. Just cropped it. Emiya1980 (talk) 09:08, 23 September 2024 (UTC)
    Not seeing much difference aside from cropping, but I'd opt for B when it has a closer focus on Ronald's face. SNUGGUMS (talk / edits) 11:51, 23 September 2024 (UTC)
    I've uploaded a new version File:Official Portrait of President Reagan 1981 NARA (edited).jpg which comes from https://catalog.archives.gov/id/75856593. I cropped it and adjusted the levels. Frecsh (talk) 04:36, 12 November 2024 (UTC)

    Semi-protected edit request on 13 November 2024

    This edit request has been answered. Set the |answered= or |ans= parameter to no to reactivate your request.

    Weasel Word in Ronald Reagan § 1980 election, on the fourth paragraph, it says " Joseph Crespino argues that the visit was designed to reach out to Wallace-inclined voters, and some also saw these actions as an extension of the Southern strategy to garner white support for Republican candidates." Please add a weasel word alert on that word to alert any reader of that article that it is a weasel word M.VIPSANIUS.AGRIPPA (talk) 02:15, 13 November 2024 (UTC)

    I don't know how else to put it....as we go on (with RS) to document that some/others disagree with that view.Rja13ww33 (talk) 04:58, 13 November 2024 (UTC)
    @M.VIPSANIUS.AGRIPPA I added a tag, which I think is the best way to temporarily resolve this. –CWenger (^@) 05:24, 13 November 2024 (UTC)

    Lead claim

    Reagan's policies also contributed to the end of the Cold War and the end of Soviet communism

    This appears to be a pseudohistorical and negationist myth that conservatives have maintained for some time now. The first phase of the Cold War came to an end during Reagan's regime, and along with it Soviet communism, but there is no evidence whatsoever Reagan had anything to do with it, and when the Berlin Wall finally came down in 1989, Reagan wasn't even around. The precipitating event for the end of the Cold War and the collapse of Soviet communism was the Chernobyl nuclear disaster in 1986, not Reagan. Viriditas (talk) 22:28, 21 November 2024 (UTC)

    Do you have a concrete "change X to Y" to propose? Drdpw (talk) 22:39, 21 November 2024 (UTC)
    Isn't that implied by my comment? Viriditas (talk) 23:03, 21 November 2024 (UTC)
    No, you just state that you think that the sentence is biased and needs to be changed. Propose a concrete change, for, as you know, this is not a forum for general discussion on the topic. Drdpw (talk) 23:28, 21 November 2024 (UTC)
    How odd. I don't see a general discussion. I have proposed that the article is biased, repeatedly, for many, many years. And it is. Viriditas (talk) 23:31, 21 November 2024 (UTC)
    What source citation in the article supports the claim that "Reagan's policies also contributed to the end of the Cold War and the end of Soviet communism"? Viriditas (talk) 23:45, 21 November 2024 (UTC)
    Text describing the role of Reagan's policies in the Cold War is in two subsections, "Escalation of the Cold War" and "Soviet decline and thaw in relations". I agree that this sentence in the lead paragraphs is not accurately supported by, and does not accurately summarize, those subsections. The subsections themselves look to me to be reasonably close to neutral, but this sentence needs to be adjusted to properly summarize them. Do you want to propose a revised wording here in the talk page? Bruce leverett (talk) 00:36, 22 November 2024 (UTC)
    Just a note, there's more material in the Legacy > Historical reputation section, which is where I think the statement in question comes from originally. Viriditas (talk) 01:23, 22 November 2024 (UTC)
    Still working on it. I have to review a lot of literature and that will take me several days. Viriditas (talk) 00:46, 22 November 2024 (UTC)
    If you can think of a better wording that represents the section, have at it. Viriditas (talk) 00:48, 22 November 2024 (UTC)
    In 2008, British historian M. J. Heale summarized that scholars had reached a broad consensus in which "Reagan rehabilitated conservatism, turned the country to the right, practiced a 'pragmatic conservatism' that balanced ideology with the constraints of government, revived faith in the presidency and American self-respect, and contributed to critically ending the Cold War", which ended with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
    This quote, as it turns out, is not Heale's words as it suggests, but rather that of professor David Henry writing a larger book review of Ronald Reagan and the 1980s: Perceptions, Policies, Legacies (2008), of which he summarizes the epilogue of the book, which was written by Heale. This ignores the wider scope of the same review of a book which Henry suggests in a balanced manner "is neither universally positive nor reflexively skeptical of Reagan’s intellect, political skill, or influence in foreign and domestic affairs"; Henry also notes that Niels Bjerre-Poulsen contributed an essy "on the conservative 'crusade' to install Reagan in the pantheon of the greatest presidents", an effort I've commented about here in the past. While it is of course, accepted academic style to cite a source about another source, particularly when it's one academic in the same field commenting about another, one could also argue that this quote is used in a misleading way, perhaps even cherry picked. Viriditas (talk) 01:44, 22 November 2024 (UTC)
    Not many totalitarian polities have collapsed overnight as USSR all by themselves--a strong outside push is typically involved. Reagan led the strong outside push. There is a lot of discussion among scholars. see for example Jeffrey W. Knopf, "Did Reagan Win the Cold War?" Strategic Insights, Volume III, Issue 8 (August 2004) online who states: "My own conclusion is that Reagan was neither decisive nor irrelevant. Reagan contributed positively to the end of the Cold War, but his role was just one of several essential factors and his positive contributions were not always the result of taking a hard-line stance." Rjensen (talk) 02:03, 22 November 2024 (UTC)
    Thanks for pointing to the Legacy section; I had forgotten to look there.
    The sentence in the lead has at least two obvious problems:
    • It cites the article about Reagan in Britannica. We aren't supposed to be citing other encyclopedias; and in the lead section, we aren't supposed to introduce new material that needs to be cited, as everything here is supposed to summarize, and be supported by, the main body of the article.
    • The second phrase, "... and the end of Soviet communism", is not supported even by the Britannica article. The quotation from Heale doesn't mention the dissolution of the Soviet Union either, although the text in which we quote Heale also states that the Cold War endied with the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
    Without having handy access to Henry and Cannon and/or Brands, I cannot tell if we are doing WP:SYNTH here. In that sentence in the lead section, I would suggest just removing the last part, "...and the end of Soviet communism". It is actually neutral to say that Reagan's policies contributed to the end of the Cold War, specifically because he signed the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, and generally because, as president of the United States, he couldn't help but contribute to whatever was happening at the time in the Cold War.
    The idea that Reagan's policies somehow brought about the dissolution of the Soviet Union several years after Reagen had been president is something that we have to mention, since it is widely circulated, however little or however much it is supported by serious historians. But the lead paragraphs are not the place to assert controversial ideas like that. Bruce leverett (talk) 04:30, 22 November 2024 (UTC)
    A few more comments, because this kind of illustrates the problem:
    1. Reagan rehabilitated conservatism. Why was conservatism in need of "rehabilitation"? Is this a reference to Nixon and Watergate? It's an odd idea, that a political philosophy was in need of rehabilitation. I have trouble accepting this. How was conservatism rehabilitated? I ask because I don't know the answer and I suspect it doesn't make sense to our readers either.
    2. Turned the country to the right. I don't think there is a rational argument against this, as the facts show that Reagan turned the US rightwards. Anyone who disputes this is living on Earth2.
    3. Practiced a 'pragmatic conservatism' that balanced ideology with the constraints of government. This is an assertion that appears questionable and far from neutral.
    4. Revived faith in the presidency and American self-respect. See no. 1. This is clearly a reference to the Nixon administration. This may be what conservatives believe, but it sounds like an assertion of faith in conservatism, not a neutral statement.
    5. Contributed to critically ending the Cold War. This is an accepted tenet of conservative philosophy. But is it true?
    Just wanted to show what I thought was also problematic. Viriditas (talk) 02:05, 22 November 2024 (UTC)
    We do source (at several points) this. At one point later in the article, it says "Many proponents, including his Cold War contemporaries, believe that his defense policies, economic policies, military policies, and hard-line rhetoric against the Soviet Union and communism, together with his summits with Gorbachev, played a significant part in ending the Cold War. Source #397 says exactly that: "A dedicated anti-communist, he reached out to the Soviet Union and helped end the cold war." Source #395 quotes Gorbachev directly saying: "He has already entered history as a man who was instrumental in bringing about the end of the Cold War". We can add more if necessary. In 'Restless Giant...' for example (by: James Patterson, a heavyweight historian whose work is already cited in the article) he acknowledges that there is debate on this point (more on that in a minute) but ultimately says (on p.216): "Many evaluators nonetheless correctly concede Reagan's contributions ." John Lewis Gaddis (maybe the most highly regarded historian of the Cold War) also says Reagan played a important role in the end of the Cold War (in works like 'The United States and the End of the Cold War...')
    So there is sourcing to say this.....however, I do acknowledge that there is debate on this in numerous other RS sources. Ergo, acknowledging that, maybe something more appropriate for the LEAD is to say something like ..." policies are also believed to have contributed to the end of the Cold War by ..."Rja13ww33 (talk) 05:52, 22 November 2024 (UTC)
    Everyone wants to claim credit for ending the Cold War. Misplaced Pages must carefully avoid choosing between many claimants. Bruce leverett (talk) 19:22, 22 November 2024 (UTC)

    US bias?

    Critics have felt that the administration ignored the human rights violations in the countries they backed, including genocide in Guatemala and mass killings in Chad.

    It's strange how outside the US, there's no "critics have felt" fudging and hedging. "Heavily supported by the Reagan administration, local forces wrought catastrophic violence in Nicaragua and El Salvador. Meanwhile, in Guatemala, US-supported military regimes carried out genocide in the name of fighting communism." Tanya Harmer, London School of Economics, author of Allende's Chile and the Inter-American Cold War which won the Latin American Studies Association Luciano Tomassini book award. In support of this claim, Harmer cites historian Stephen G. Rabe, The Killing Zone: The United States Wages Cold War in Latin America. It's so weird how this critical consensus is reduced to "critics have felt" by Reagan devotees. Viriditas (talk) 23:30, 21 November 2024 (UTC)

    Again, propose a concrete change to the sentence, this is not a forum for general discussion. Drdpw (talk) 23:34, 21 November 2024 (UTC)
    I don't see any general discussion. I have proposed that the statement from the article "Critics have felt that the administration ignored the human rights violations in the countries they backed, including genocide in Guatemala and mass killings in Chad" is biased and factually inaccurate, and I've cited two well known, award winning academics that say otherwise. Firstly, this has nothing to do with "critics". Is someone a "critic" if they write "US-supported military regimes carried out genocide in the name of fighting communism"? I don't think so. This reframing of history as that of critics and supporters is highly suspect and indicative of bias in itself. More to the point, it's laughable that a featured article uses language such as "critics have felt that the administration ignored the human rights violations in the countries they backed", a revisionist form of bias if there ever was one. This has nothing to do with what "critics have felt", it has to do with the US supporting regimes which carried out genocide to fight communism. That's it. But for some reason, we can't actually say that. Viriditas (talk) 23:43, 21 November 2024 (UTC)
    The sentence needs to be rewritten. This issue has nothing whatsoever to do with what critics felt or whether the US ignored or did not ignore human rights violations. This is a subtle form of misdirection. The issue is that genocide by regimes the Reagan administration supported was carried out; whether they ignored it or not is besides the point. They supported it, they funded it, and in many cases, they apparently trained the people who committed the genocide. This kind of editorial misdirection and bias is overt. Viriditas (talk) 23:50, 21 November 2024 (UTC)
    Then propose alternate language, and see if it gains consensus. Cullen328 (talk) 00:00, 22 November 2024 (UTC)
    Thanks. The first thing I'm doing is looking at the current sources that allegedly support this wording. Viriditas (talk) 00:06, 22 November 2024 (UTC)
    Critics have felt that the administration ignored the human rights violations in the countries they backed
    This passage is sourced to Geoffrey Wawro, professor of military history, on p. 381 of his book Quicksand (2010). Looking at the page, we find the following: "Reagan largely ignored the human rights violations that had troubled the Carter administration. His "Reagan Doctrine" sought anticommunist guerrillas wherever they cropped up, whether in Angola, Nicaragua or Afghanistan." There is no criticism of Reagan by Wawro in this book or anywhere else for that matter. Yet, a Misplaced Pages editor describes him as a "critic". This is the problem I'm talking about. I should note in passing that Salem Media Group has chosen Wawro as a featured author over at their Conservative Book Club. Viriditas (talk) 02:25, 22 November 2024 (UTC)
    I'm confused. You say Wawro offers "no criticism of Reagan"....while simultaneously providing the quote (on p.381) where Wawro says "Reagan largely ignored the human rights violations that had troubled the Carter administration.". Saying someone "largely ignored the human rights violations" sure sounds like criticism to me.Rja13ww33 (talk) 06:24, 22 November 2024 (UTC)
    I will try to keep this brief, but I could easily write 20,000 words on this subject. It's not a criticism, it's a fact based, historical observation based on the Reagan Doctrine. It's not a subject of dispute or controversy. What would be a "criticism" is interpreting the result, such as making a critique arguing that the implications of ignoring human rights abuses to prevent the communists from winning the Cold War lessens the standing of the United States at home and abroad, particularly in upholding its core values to promote democracy and human rights. This kind of critique comes up a lot. By analogy, we saw it widely discussed during the Bush 43 admin in the context of John Yoo, the Torture Memos, and enhanced interrogation methods. The critique in this case, is not that the US under a Republican administration engaged in these acts, those are historical facts. The critique is that such acts led to a weakening of American values at home and abroad and made foreign policy more difficult to achieve, as it "decreased the feasibility of counterterrorism policies, alienated traditional allies, and weakened the influence of American soft power around the globe" (Lal 2023). To conclude, Geoffrey Wawro should be attributed as a military historian who observes or notes that the Reagan administration ignored the human rights violations in the countries they backed. This is not in dispute by anyone. Note, there is no reason to call Wawro a critic here, as there is no critique (By ignoring human rights violations, the Reagan admin did x, y, and z to American a, b, and c.). The underlying problem here, is that calling a military historian a "critic" for simply stating facts about military history is a form of bias. This is because "critic" in the specific context of politics, implies not just the simple definition of "a person who expresses an unfavorable opinion of something", but more importantly, a critic in political discourse is often assumed to be at odds with the subject, such as a "critic" of Ronald Reagan. In conservative discourse, this leads to loyalists treating critics as the opposition. This is very subtle. By calling a military historian a critic here, you are using loaded language that sets up pro-Reagan readers to dismiss his POV because it isn't "loyal" to Reagan. This is an easy way to psychologically dismantle anything you don't like in this biography and promote a hagiography in its place. Viriditas (talk) 08:47, 22 November 2024 (UTC)
    I have no issue with getting specific as to who the "critic" are/is. It was probably just the writer's way of rolling a number of people into one term (as there are multiple cites). I doubt there was any POV-pushing intent. After all, if someone was to ID them based on the sources....that would imply just Person X or Y takes issue with Reagan here.....when in fact, it is much more than that. I cannot think of a source that combines everyone under that banner however.Rja13ww33 (talk) 17:48, 22 November 2024 (UTC)
    Done. Viriditas (talk) 20:29, 24 November 2024 (UTC)
    There's two other things here that shed additional light, but I'm not sure how easy it is to add. First, the notion that human rights should be ignored in favor of winning the war with the Soviets appears to greatly predate Reagan according to Wawro, going back at least 20 or more years to the presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower. Second, it needs to be made clear that Reagan, unlike Carter, de-prioritized human rights to play the kind of hardball that was talked about in the Eisenhower admin. This explains some of the mechanics behind the Reagan Doctrine and how it ties into older policies and activities. Wawro has an interesting quote about this, in regards to the Russian influence in Iran under Mosaddegh, before he was overthrown in the 1953 coup: "The Soviets were ruthless operators who needed, as CIA agent Miles Copeland put it, to be 'matched perfidy for perfidy' in a program of 'crypto-diplomacy' that would add steel to America’s 'romanticized' public diplomacy of freedom, democracy and human rights." This draws a line from anti-Soviet US policies in the 1950s directly to Reagan, which appear never to have changed. Viriditas (talk) 22:18, 24 November 2024 (UTC)
    These are interesting, but the topic is straying from a biography of Reagan. Bruce leverett (talk) 22:56, 24 November 2024 (UTC)
    My overarching point is that so-called human rights violations by the Reagan administration reveal a trans-epochal nature at their root. While we can say the Reagan administration was responsible, and that is indeed true, a closer look reveals that this idea, that human rights are not important or essential but are just a talking point to "sell" soft power, goes further back to the 1950s. I think this reveals something important about the long-range policymaking, indicating that it doesn't exist in a vacuum and it didn't just pop up overnight in 1980 but had been around for many decades, and continued as a guiding policy at some level from administration to administration regardless of who was president. This also reveals an idea that is often glossed over in historical biographies like this one, that there are policy blueprints and decisions being made that don't originate in a specific time or place associated with the subject under discussion but precede it over long periods of time. In this regard, there should be a way to take this into account and reframe it, to show that Reagan was carrying out older policies and guidelines for fighting the Soviets that had been resurrected after Carter was voted out of office. Wawro emphasizes the difference between the two admins as a matter of fact. Viriditas (talk) 23:14, 24 November 2024 (UTC)
    That's a point I've made on this talk page quite a few times....but there wasn't much support for putting that in the context of the Cold War. (I heard a lot of stuff about "this page is about Reagan".) And really Carter didn't have completely clean hands in this regard either, despite his rhetoric on human rights. (The realities of the Cold War forced him into things that he probably wasn't too keen on doing.) But really it predates the Cold War too. (After all, in WW II (for example) we partnered with one of the biggest mass murderers in history (as well as the biggest colonial empire ever).)Rja13ww33 (talk) 03:59, 25 November 2024 (UTC)
    Good points. I will revisit the second part ("Other human rights concerns include the genocide in Guatemala and mass killings in Chad) tomorrow. Viriditas (talk) 09:09, 25 November 2024 (UTC)

    Introduction in lead

    I propose that the first lead paragraph be rewritten to read as follows:

    Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was the 40th president of the United States, serving from 1981 to 1989. Prior to his presidency, he was a career actor. A member of the Republican Party, he became an important figure in the American conservative movement. His presidency is known as the Reagan era.

    References

    1. Brands 2015, p. 261. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBrands2015 (help)

    Notes

    1. Pronounced /ˈreɪɡən/ RAY-gən

    This is consistent with the intro for the bios of previous U.S. presidents. Векочел (talk) 21:31, 29 December 2024 (UTC) Векочел (talk) 21:31, 29 December 2024 (UTC)

    Is the change just splitting up the first sentence? If so, this looks good to me.
    Solomon Ucko (talk) 02:20, 30 December 2024 (UTC)
    This change is pretty much rewriting the first sentence. As stated by other editors, I think it's made clear that Reagan was an American politician by stating that he was the president of the United States. Векочел (talk) 11:02, 30 December 2024 (UTC)
    It's good to remove "American politician" here, since by saying that he was the president of the United States, we also establish that he was American, and that he was a politician.
    Take a look at #Current consensus, paragraph 1, and the RfC that it summarizes, Talk:Ronald Reagan/Archive 18#RfC about whether Reagan is a statesman in the lead section. This kind of argument, over whether we should say "politician" or "statesman", becomes obsolete if we don't have to say either. However, it is a very instructive discussion, which I myself have quoted in other discussions. Bruce leverett (talk) 03:22, 30 December 2024 (UTC)
    What difference does it make if we're not defining him as either a politician or a statesman? Векочел (talk) 15:43, 2 January 2025 (UTC)

    RfC on introduction

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    Should the first sentence in the lead be rewritten: (red to be removed; green to add) "Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th president of the United States, serving from 1981 to 1989"? Векочел (talk) 17:31, 4 January 2025 (UTC) Modified the RfC question to show the suggested change. SWinxy (talk) 21:59, 5 January 2025 (UTC)

    • Comment:Other presidents have their intro similar to this one (see Obama's and Clinton's). Point #1 of the Current Consensus (see above) says there is a consensus to call him a "American politician....in the first sentence of the lead section". Rja13ww33 (talk) 18:43, 4 January 2025 (UTC)
      In general, arguments of the form "there are other articles that do it this other way" are not conclusive. There are more than 40 articles about U.S. presidents, and many of them begin in a way comparable to what is proposed here.
      The Current Consensus argument was whether to use "politician" or "statesman". The proposed rewrite doesn't use either one. Not using either one was not one of the alternatives discussed in the earlier (2016) RfC. Bruce leverett (talk) 20:04, 4 January 2025 (UTC)
      The consensus was to use "American politician", the fact that not using either one was not a alternative discussed is irrelevant. The fact remains: the current consensus calls for "American politician".Rja13ww33 (talk) 01:44, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
    • Support the proposed rewrite. It eliminates unnecessary duplicative crud; that is, given that the sentence must have "president of the United States" in it, it doesn't need to also have "American politician" in it. The proposed rewrite also eliminates "actor". I am in favor of mentioning Reagan's background as an actor in the first paragraph, because it was (and still is) a major component of his notability. But that's perhaps for the next sentence; the first sentence should be constructed as described in MOS:FIRSTBIO, and it should be constrained from itemizing all the notable things about the subject, as mentioned in MOS:LEADCLUTTER. Bruce leverett (talk) 20:11, 4 January 2025 (UTC)
    • Support I also agree with the proposed rewrite. Him being an actor is indeed a key reason for his notability, but it does not have to be included in the very first sentence. The proposed edit is more concise, less repetitive and gets straight to the point, in regard to his principal reason for notability. Svenska356 (talk) 02:06, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
    • Disagree: I think the existing sentence provides context without complicating. Having the two notability components - politician and actor - does not overload as described in MOS:LEADCLUTTER and it also provides sufficient context and explains why the person is notable as described in MOS:FIRSTBIO. For a non-American new to American politics it is interesting to know that Reagan was a politician and actor, just as it would be interesting to know Trump is a politician and businessman (now) while in 2016 he was a businesspersson turned president! Rigorousmortal (talk) 12:07, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
      A mention of Reagan's career as an actor can be added to the introductory paragraph, such as: Prior to his presidency, he was a career actor. Векочел (talk) 13:38, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
    • Oppose. The sentence is better as is, serving to more completely describe the subject. -- Ssilvers (talk) 15:35, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
    • Oppose (called by bot) for reasons already mentioned by Rigorousmortal and Ssilvers: present sentence provides context without complicating, alternative is worse. I would like people to check the troublesome edit history of the proponent of this RfC. I am troubled with his/her edits removing content without explanation, introducing mistakes and in particular not replying to other editors warnings. IMO this RfC is unnecessary and a waste of energy.Wuerzele (talk) 18:38, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
      I am disappointed to see this level of blatant ad hominem argumentation in response to what I perceive as a well-intentioned RfC. Have we forgotten WP:Assume good faith? Bruce leverett (talk) 20:48, 5 January 2025 (UTC)
    • Oppose another unneccessary, if not totally wrong, proposal. The presidents, kings, etc, are the notable people, not Wikipedians who manage to get the beginnings of those articles changed more-or-less just to get some imagined credit/notability for changing them. I oppose any and all unneccessay changes. Many of them smack primarily of a lack of respect for the previous work of others. --SergeWoodzing (talk) 11:49, 6 January 2025 (UTC)
    • Oppose; his status as an actor is still a major part of his bio (in part because it led into his presidency) and therefore belongs in the first sentence. Also, "politician" is the normal way to describe people notable for political careers; I don't see any real argument for removing it. And overall the "actor and politician" wording just reads more smoothly; it's not true that trimming words always makes things better. The proposed alternative feels choppy and incomplete. --Aquillion (talk) 21:24, 6 January 2025 (UTC)
    • Support for consistency with the ledes of all other deceased former US presidents, including the late Jimmy Carter. Like Carter's humanitarian career, Reagan's acting career is covered elsewhere in the lead section. ‑‑Neveselbert (talk · contribs · email) 21:29, 6 January 2025 (UTC)
    • Disagree I think the current version "was an American politician and actor who served as" is better than the rewrite. Reagan was also well-known for being an actor before he was a politician, and I think that fact should be prominent in the lede. GretLomborg (talk) 22:45, 7 January 2025 (UTC)
    • Soft Oppose I don't necessarily think the rewrite is bad, but it's not much of an improvement. I don't see any problems with the current first sentence in the lead. He was also well known as the governor of California, not just the president, so "politician" is an apt general description. And as has been noted by others, his acting career was a prominent part of his notability. In fact, it made his presidency itself all the more notable. Even Doc Brown couldn't help but exclaim "Ronald Reagan? The actor!?" when Marty tells him who the president is in 1985. Kerdooskistalk 20:16, 8 January 2025 (UTC)
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