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{{Infobox Settlement {{Infobox settlement
| name = Sztum | name = Sztum
| image_skyline = Sztum zamek.jpg | image_skyline = Kościół poewangelicki w Sztumie1.jpg
| imagesize = 250px | imagesize = 250px
| image_caption = Center of Sztum with the Church of Our Lady Help of Christians in the foreground and Church of Saint Anne in the background
| image_caption = Teutonic castle in Sztum
| image_flag = Flag_of_Austria.svg | image_flag = POL Sztum flag.svg
| image_shield = POL Sztum COA.svg | image_shield = POL Sztum COA.svg
| pushpin_map = Poland | pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_label_position = bottom
| subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_type = ]
| subdivision_name = {{POL}} | subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type1 = ] | subdivision_type1 = ]
| subdivision_name1 = ] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Pomeranian Voivodeship|name=Pomeranian}}
| subdivision_type2 = ] | subdivision_type2 = ]
| subdivision_name2 = ] | subdivision_name2 = ]
| subdivision_type3 = ] | subdivision_type3 = ]
| subdivision_name3 = ] | subdivision_name3 = ]
| leader_title = Mayor | leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Leszek Jan Tabor | leader_name = Leszek Jan Tabor (])
| established_title = Established | established_title = Established
| established_date = ] | established_date = 13th century
| established_title3 = Town rights | established_title3 = Town rights
| established_date3 = 1416 | established_date3 = 1416
Line 30: Line 30:
| timezone_DST = ] | timezone_DST = ]
| utc_offset_DST = +2 | utc_offset_DST = +2
| coordinates = {{coord|53|55|18|N|19|2|1|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
| latd = 53 | latm = 55 | lats = 18 | latNS = N | longd = 19 | longm = 2 | longs = 1 | longEW = E
| postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 82-400 | postal_code = 82-400
Line 36: Line 36:
| blank_name = ] | blank_name = ]
| blank_info = GSZ | blank_info = GSZ
| blank_name_sec2 = ]
⚫ | website = http://sztum.pl }}
| blank_info_sec2 = ]
| blank1_name_sec2 = ]s
⚫ '''Sztum''' ({{lang-de|Stuhm}}) is a town in ], capital of ], located in ], with some 10,141 inhabitants (]).
| blank1_info_sec2 = ]
⚫ | website = {{URL|http://sztum.pl/}}
}}
⚫ '''Sztum''' ({{IPAc-pl|sz|t|u|m}}) (formerly {{langx|de|Stuhm}}) is a town in northern ] in the ] region, located in the ]. It is the capital of ], with some 10,141 inhabitants (2004).


==History== ==History==
] ]
Signs of settlement dating back to the Roman Empire era have been found. In the early Middle Ages a fortified settlement of the ] existed at the site, conquered by the ] in ]. City rights were granted to the settlement in ]. Signs of settlement dating back to the Roman Empire era have been found. In the early Middle Ages, a fortified settlement of the ] existed at the site, conquered by the ] in 1236. The castle was captured by the Poles after the ] in 1410.<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom XII|year=1892|language=pl|location=Warszawa|page=52}}</ref> ] were granted to the settlement in 1416 and confirmed by King ] in 1553.<ref name=SGK>''Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom XII'', p. 53</ref>


In 1441 both the town and the local Teutonic county official joined the ], which opposed Teutonic rule,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Górski|first=Karol|title=Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych|year=1949|publisher=Instytut Zachodni|location=]|language=pl|page=XXXVIII}}</ref> and upon the request of which King ] incorporated the territory to the ] in 1454. The castle, which initially remained in the hands of the Teutonic Knights, was captured by Poles after a siege in 1454, but later it was taken over by the Teutonic Knights again.<ref name=SGK/> In 1466 by the ] the town was finally renounced by the Teutonic Knights<ref>Górski, p. 106</ref> and integrated with the Kingdom of Poland. As part of Poland, the town functioned as a seat of the Sztum County in ] and a place to hold the voivodeship's ]s (regional court sessions). The Sztum Castle was the seat of the local ]. In 1506 and 1512 the town was visited by ],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://szlakkopernikowski.pl/pl/sztum|title=Sztum|website=Szlak Kopernikowski|access-date=7 December 2023|language=pl}}</ref> and in 1552 it was visited by Polish King ].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Moraczewski|first=Jędrzej|title=Dzieje Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z pierwszéj połowy szesnastego wieku|year=1847|location=Poznań|language=pl|page=277}}</ref>
In ] the town with other western Prussian territory passed to the crown of Poland-Lithuania as ]. As part of Royal Prussia under ] and then the ], the town functioned as a seat of Stum County in Marienburg ] (1466-1772) and a place to hold local court sessions and Landtage. In 1635 the ] was signed in the village of Stuhmsdorf (now Sztumska Wieś), just south of the city of Stu(h)m.
]
In 1772 as a result of the ] the town was annexed by the ]. In October–December 1831, some Polish infantry units and intendant troops of the ] stopped in the town on the way to their final internment places.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kasparek|first=Norbert|editor-last=Katafiasz|editor-first=Tomasz|year=2014|title=Na tułaczym szlaku... Powstańcy Listopadowi na Pomorzu|language=pl|location=]|publisher=Muzeum w Koszalinie, Archiwum Państwowe w Koszalinie|pages=138, 140, 145|chapter=Żołnierze polscy w Prusach po upadku powstania listopadowego. Powroty do kraju i wyjazdy na emigrację}}</ref> In 1871, it became part of the newly created ]. In 1910, the Polish ''Bank Ludowy'' was founded in the town.<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Leksykon Polactwa w Niemczech|year=1939|language=pl|publisher=Związek Polaków w Niemczech|location=Opole|page=36}}</ref>


According to the ], after ] the inhabitants of the town and its district were asked whether they want to remain in Germany or join the new ] in the ] of 1920. Ultimately in Stuhm, 2,079 (73.5%) votes were cast in favor of remaining in ] and 751 (26.5%) votes were in favor of rejoining Poland.<ref>{{cite book |title=Selbstbestimmung für Ostdeutschland – Eine Dokumentation zum 50 Jahrestag der ost- und westpreussischen Volksabstimmung am 11. Juli 1920|first1=Herbert| last1=Marzian|first2=Csaba|last2=Kenez|year=1970|page=124 |language=de}}</ref> Based on that result, Stuhm was included in the ] within ] in Germany. In the interwar period, Sztum remained one of the main centers of the Polish community in the area. The Germans arrested 30 local Polish activists in August 1939, before the ] which started ].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cygański|first=Mirosław|year=1984|title=Hitlerowskie prześladowania przywódców i aktywu Związków Polaków w Niemczech w latach 1939-1945|journal=Przegląd Zachodni|language=pl|issue=4|pages=40–41}}</ref> During the war, the Germans operated a Nazi prison in the town.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=100001294
In ] as a result of the ] the Prussian town became part of the ]. In ] it became part of the newly created ].
|title=NS-Gefängnis Stuhm|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=24 October 2021|language=de}}</ref> After World War II Sztum became again part of Poland, under territorial changes demanded by the ] at the ].


On 14 July 2012 the town and surrounding areas, including ], were hit by a Low-End F3/T6 ], resulting in one injury. Buildings saw significant roof damage, some of which were entirely torn off. Other buildings were damaged as well. The tornado was part of an outbreak that produced several tornadoes, one of which killed a person.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eswd.eu/cgi-bin/eswd.cgi?lang=en_0&lastquery=1894376409 |title=European Severe Weather Database |website=eswd.eu |access-date=15 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424181003/https://eswd.eu/cgi-bin/eswd.cgi?lang=en_0&lastquery=1894376409 |archive-date=24 April 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://sztum.naszemiasto.pl/traba-powietrzna-w-powiecie-sztumskim-sprzatanie-po/ar/c8-1478279#galeria | title=Trąba powietrzna w powiecie sztumskim: Sprzątanie po tornadzie w Barlewicach &#91;ZDJĘCIA&#93; | date=16 July 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://sztum.naszemiasto.pl/traba-powietrzna-w-powiecie-sztumskim-wojewoda-odwiedzil/ar/c8-1480055 | title=Trąba powietrzna w powiecie sztumskim. Wojewoda odwiedził poszkodowane miejscowości &#91;ZDJĘCIA&#93; | date=17 July 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301318516 |doi=10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.04.009|title=An isolated tornadic supercell of 14 July 2012 in Poland — A prediction technique within the use of coarse-grid WRF simulation |year=2016 |last1=Taszarek |first1=Mateusz |last2=Czernecki |first2=Bartosz |last3=Walczakiewicz |first3=Szymon |last4=Mazur |first4=Andrzej |last5=Kolendowicz |first5=Leszek |journal=Atmospheric Research |volume=178-179 |pages=367–379 |bibcode=2016AtmRe.178..367T }}</ref>
According to the ] after ] the inhabitants were asked whether they want to remain in Germany or join the new ] by the ] on 11 july 1920. 19.984 votes were given to remain in Germany, 4.904 votes for Poland. Caused on that result Stuhm was included in the ] within ].


=== Number of inhabitants by year ===
Towards and after the end of ], the German inhabitants were either ] like most of the German population of ].
{{Historical populations|align=left|1789|509|1831|956|1875|2145|1880|2210|1890|2265|1905|2557|1933|6147|1939|7374|1943|7099|2006|9945|
After the war, the town, along with the rest of southern East Prussia, was given to Poland under territorial changes promulgated by the ]. The city was resettled by Poles, many of them expellees from ].
footnote=Source:<ref name="JFG">]: ''Volständige Topographie des Königreichs Preußen''. Part II, Marienwerder 1789, </ref><ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon|year=1907|volume=8|edition=6th|location=Leipzig and Vienna|language=de|page=251}}</ref><ref name="VWG" >Michael Rademacher: '''' (2006).</ref><ref name="AEP" >August Eduard Preuß: ''Preußische Landes- und Volkskunde''. Königsberg 1835, </ref>}}
{{clear|left}}
{{multiple image |align=right |caption_align=center |perrow=2 |total_width=300 |header=Historic churches in Sztum
| image1 = Sztum, kościół.jpg
| image2 = Kościół ewangelicki w Sztumie (1).jpg
| caption1 = Saint Anne
| caption2 = Our Lady Help of Christians
}}


==Transport==
{{Commons}}
The Polish ] 55 and ] 517 pass through the town, and there is also a train station.


==Twin towns== ==Sports==
]
⚫ ], ], ]
Local sports clubs include ] club Olimpia Sztum,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olimpiasztum.pl/news.php|title=Olimpia Sztum - serwis klubu|access-date=24 October 2021|language=pl}}</ref> which competes in the lower leagues, and ] club Zantyr Sztum.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zantyr.pl|title=Zantyr Sztum|access-date=25 March 2023|language=pl}}</ref>

== Notable residents ==
* ] (1886–1941) a German painter teacher and artist known for his cartoons and drawings of well-known people including an unfavourable one in 1933 of Adolf Hitler
* ] (born 1934) an American physicist and science manager
* ] (born 1955) a retired boxer, competed for East Germany, silver medallist ] and bronze medallist ]
* ] (born 1969) a former Polish footballer, 169 pro games
* ] (born 1979) a German 800 meter runner
* ] (born 1984) a Polish sprint canoer competed in the ]
* ] (born 1994) a Polish footballer
* ] (born 1995) a Polish handball player
* ] (born 1995) a Polish handball player

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland}}

Sztum is ] with:

{| class="wikitable"
|- valign="top"
|
* {{flagicon|GER}} ], Germany
|
⚫ * {{flagicon|FRA}} ] France
|
* {{flagicon|DEN}} ], Denmark
|
* {{flagicon|RUS}} ], Russia
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}


== External links == == External links ==
* *
*
*
*
*


{{coor title dm|53|56|N|19|02|E|region:PL_type:city}}
<br>
{{Sztum County}} {{Sztum County}}
{{Gmina Sztum}}


{{Authority control}}
⚫ ]


⚫ ]
{{Pomeranian-geo-stub}}
]

] ]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 02:48, 15 December 2024

Place in Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland
Sztum
Center of Sztum with the Church of Our Lady Help of Christians in the foreground and Church of Saint Anne in the backgroundCenter of Sztum with the Church of Our Lady Help of Christians in the foreground and Church of Saint Anne in the background
Flag of SztumFlagCoat of arms of SztumCoat of arms
Sztum is located in PolandSztumSztum
Coordinates: 53°55′18″N 19°2′1″E / 53.92167°N 19.03361°E / 53.92167; 19.03361
Country Poland
Voivodeship Pomeranian
CountySztum
GminaSztum
Established13th century
Town rights1416
Government
 • MayorLeszek Jan Tabor (L)
Area
 • Total4.59 km (1.77 sq mi)
Population
 • Total9,945
 • Density2,200/km (5,600/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code82-400
Area code+48 55
Car platesGSZ
National roads
Voivodeship roads
Websitesztum.pl

Sztum () (formerly German: Stuhm) is a town in northern Poland in the Powiśle region, located in the Pomeranian Voivodeship. It is the capital of Sztum County, with some 10,141 inhabitants (2004).

History

Sztum Castle

Signs of settlement dating back to the Roman Empire era have been found. In the early Middle Ages, a fortified settlement of the Old Prussians existed at the site, conquered by the Teutonic Knights in 1236. The castle was captured by the Poles after the Battle of Grunwald in 1410. Town rights were granted to the settlement in 1416 and confirmed by King Sigismund II Augustus in 1553.

In 1441 both the town and the local Teutonic county official joined the Prussian Confederation, which opposed Teutonic rule, and upon the request of which King Casimir IV Jagiellon incorporated the territory to the Kingdom of Poland in 1454. The castle, which initially remained in the hands of the Teutonic Knights, was captured by Poles after a siege in 1454, but later it was taken over by the Teutonic Knights again. In 1466 by the Second Peace of Toruń the town was finally renounced by the Teutonic Knights and integrated with the Kingdom of Poland. As part of Poland, the town functioned as a seat of the Sztum County in Malbork Voivodeship and a place to hold the voivodeship's sejmiks (regional court sessions). The Sztum Castle was the seat of the local starosts. In 1506 and 1512 the town was visited by Nicolaus Copernicus, and in 1552 it was visited by Polish King Sigismund II Augustus.

18th-century drawing of Sztum

In 1772 as a result of the First Partition of Poland the town was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia. In October–December 1831, some Polish infantry units and intendant troops of the November Uprising stopped in the town on the way to their final internment places. In 1871, it became part of the newly created German Empire. In 1910, the Polish Bank Ludowy was founded in the town.

According to the Treaty of Versailles, after World War I the inhabitants of the town and its district were asked whether they want to remain in Germany or join the new Second Polish Republic in the East Prussian plebiscite of 1920. Ultimately in Stuhm, 2,079 (73.5%) votes were cast in favor of remaining in Germany and 751 (26.5%) votes were in favor of rejoining Poland. Based on that result, Stuhm was included in the Regierungsbezirk Marienwerder within East Prussia in Germany. In the interwar period, Sztum remained one of the main centers of the Polish community in the area. The Germans arrested 30 local Polish activists in August 1939, before the invasion of Poland which started World War II. During the war, the Germans operated a Nazi prison in the town. After World War II Sztum became again part of Poland, under territorial changes demanded by the Soviet Union at the Potsdam Conference.

On 14 July 2012 the town and surrounding areas, including Barlewice, were hit by a Low-End F3/T6 tornado, resulting in one injury. Buildings saw significant roof damage, some of which were entirely torn off. Other buildings were damaged as well. The tornado was part of an outbreak that produced several tornadoes, one of which killed a person.

Number of inhabitants by year

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1789509—    
1831956+87.8%
18752,145+124.4%
18802,210+3.0%
18902,265+2.5%
19052,557+12.9%
19336,147+140.4%
19397,374+20.0%
19437,099−3.7%
20069,945+40.1%
Source:
Historic churches in SztumSaint AnneOur Lady Help of Christians

Transport

The Polish National road 55 and Voivodeship road 517 pass through the town, and there is also a train station.

Sports

Stadium in Sztum

Local sports clubs include football club Olimpia Sztum, which competes in the lower leagues, and athletics club Zantyr Sztum.

Notable residents

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland

Sztum is twinned with:

References

  1. Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom XII (in Polish). Warszawa. 1892. p. 52.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  2. ^ Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom XII, p. 53
  3. Górski, Karol (1949). Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych (in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. p. XXXVIII.
  4. Górski, p. 106
  5. "Sztum". Szlak Kopernikowski (in Polish). Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  6. Moraczewski, Jędrzej (1847). Dzieje Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z pierwszéj połowy szesnastego wieku (in Polish). Poznań. p. 277.
  7. Kasparek, Norbert (2014). "Żołnierze polscy w Prusach po upadku powstania listopadowego. Powroty do kraju i wyjazdy na emigrację". In Katafiasz, Tomasz (ed.). Na tułaczym szlaku... Powstańcy Listopadowi na Pomorzu (in Polish). Koszalin: Muzeum w Koszalinie, Archiwum Państwowe w Koszalinie. pp. 138, 140, 145.
  8. Leksykon Polactwa w Niemczech (in Polish). Opole: Związek Polaków w Niemczech. 1939. p. 36.
  9. Marzian, Herbert; Kenez, Csaba (1970). Selbstbestimmung für Ostdeutschland – Eine Dokumentation zum 50 Jahrestag der ost- und westpreussischen Volksabstimmung am 11. Juli 1920 (in German). p. 124.
  10. Cygański, Mirosław (1984). "Hitlerowskie prześladowania przywódców i aktywu Związków Polaków w Niemczech w latach 1939-1945". Przegląd Zachodni (in Polish) (4): 40–41.
  11. "NS-Gefängnis Stuhm". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 24 October 2021.
  12. "European Severe Weather Database". eswd.eu. Archived from the original on 24 April 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
  13. "Trąba powietrzna w powiecie sztumskim: Sprzątanie po tornadzie w Barlewicach [ZDJĘCIA]". 16 July 2012.
  14. "Trąba powietrzna w powiecie sztumskim. Wojewoda odwiedził poszkodowane miejscowości [ZDJĘCIA]". 17 July 2012.
  15. Taszarek, Mateusz; Czernecki, Bartosz; Walczakiewicz, Szymon; Mazur, Andrzej; Kolendowicz, Leszek (2016). "An isolated tornadic supercell of 14 July 2012 in Poland — A prediction technique within the use of coarse-grid WRF simulation". Atmospheric Research. 178–179: 367–379. Bibcode:2016AtmRe.178..367T. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.04.009.
  16. Johann Friedrich Goldbeck: Volständige Topographie des Königreichs Preußen. Part II, Marienwerder 1789, p. 19.
  17. Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon (in German). Vol. 8 (6th ed.). Leipzig and Vienna. 1907. p. 251.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  18. Michael Rademacher: Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte Provinz Westpreußen, Kreis Stuhm (2006).
  19. August Eduard Preuß: Preußische Landes- und Volkskunde. Königsberg 1835, p. 444, no. 59.
  20. "Olimpia Sztum - serwis klubu" (in Polish). Retrieved 24 October 2021.
  21. "Zantyr Sztum" (in Polish). Retrieved 25 March 2023.

External links

Sztum County
Seat: Sztum
Urban-rural gminas Coat of arms of Sztum County
Rural gminas
Gmina Sztum
Town and seat
Villages
Categories: