Misplaced Pages:Category names: Difference between revisions

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			{{pp-semi\|small=yes}}
	{{policy}}
			{{subcat guideline\|naming convention\|category\|WP:CATNAME\|WP:NCCAT}}
			{{Guideline in a nutshell\|Category names should be specific, ], inclusive, and follow certain conventions, such as ], ] or ].}}
			{{Main\|Misplaced Pages:Categorization}}
			This page contains a list of guidelines concerning ''']''' for categories. If you wish to propose a new naming convention for categories or modify an existing convention, please do so on ].

			== General conventions ==
	'''{{PAGENAME}}''' is a list of guidelines for how to appropriately name ]. Standard article ] also apply; in particular, do not capitalise regular nouns. If you wish to propose a new or modified category related '''naming convention''', please do so on ], whilst also publicising the proposal at ], ], and the ], as well as at any related pages.
			*When naming a category, use ], do not use ]. Specifically, do not ] regular nouns except when they come at the beginning of the category name.
			* Do not write ] in names. Example: "]", not "People – Monarchs". This includes creating categories that are subpages of other categories.
			* Choose category names that can stand alone, independent of the way a category is connected to other categories. Example: "]", not "Terminology" (a subcategory of "]").

			== Project categories ==
	==General naming conventions==
			* ], are disambiguated by ]ing with the word "Misplaced Pages" (no colon) if this is needed to prevent confusion with content categories. For example, ] (where no confusion is likely), but ] (as distinct from the content category ]).
	''Taken verbatim from ]''
			* All ] categories should have "WikiProject" (or "WikiProjects") as part of the name. Note that this does not apply to the names of categories that projects might create for the use of assessments. In these cases, the advice given in ], which conforms to ] is advised, though not mandatory.
			* For geographical ], the category name should be "Misplaced Pages requested photographs in xxx" as in <nowiki>]</nowiki>; see ].
			* For categorization in userspace, see {{section link\|Misplaced Pages:Categorization\|User pages}} and {{section link\|Misplaced Pages:User categories\|Naming conventions}}.

			== Naming conventions for article categories ==
	*For a pre-existing category, the article of the same or similar name and (rarely, or) on the same topic should be added to that category. When creating an article one should, only if appropriate (especially horizontally), create a category of the same or similar name on the same topic <!-- articles should be more or equally specific as the categories they are in -->.
			{{see also\|Misplaced Pages:Categorization#Choosing a name for the category}}<section begin=NCCAT-ART />
	*Articles should be placed in the most specific categories possible. Categories should be more or equally as broad as the articles they contain; articles should be more or equally specific as the categories they are in.
			*Standard ] apply: Generally, category names are based on what the subject is called in ''']''' ] (particularly for ]), so that those sources may be used to support inclusion of information. When this offers multiple possibilities, editors choose among them by considering ]: the ideal category name uses words and phrases which ] identify the subject; it is ''']''', short, natural, distinguishable and recognizable; and resembles names for similar categories.
	*Avoid abbreviations. Example: "World War II equipment", not "WW2 equipment".
			*Avoid ] such as ''famous'', ''large'', or ''beautiful'' in category titles.
	*Don't hard-code the category structure into names. Example: "Monarchs", not "People - Monarchs".
			*Avoid ]s. Example: "]", not "Category:Military equipment of WW2". However, ]s that have become the official, or generally used, name (such as ]) should be used where there are no other conflicts. Exceptions to this should be explained in the ].
	*Choose category names that are able to stand alone, independent of the way a category is connected to other categories. Example: "Misplaced Pages policy precedents and examples", not "Precedents and examples" (a subcategory of "Misplaced Pages policies and guidelines").
			* Because no two articles can have the same title, it is sometimes necessary to add distinguishing information, often in the form of a description in ] after the name. When a topic requires ], any category eponymously named for that topic should include the same form of disambiguation, even if no other articles are likely to have an ].
	*Topical category names should be singular. Examples: "]", "]".
			* Naming guidelines for subcategories of ] are listed at {{section link\|Misplaced Pages:WikiProject Stub sorting/Naming conventions\|Stub categories}}.
	*As with lists avoid descriptive adjectives such as ''famous'', ''important'', or ''notable'' in category titles.

			{{Anchor\|Topic category\|Topic categories\|TOPICCAT}}{{anchor\|Set category\|Set categories\|SETCAT}}
	==Special conventions for lists of items==
			==== Topic and set categories ====
	''Taken verbatim from ]''
			{{Shortcut\|WP:TOPICCAT\|WP:SETCAT}}
			* '''Topic categories''' are named after a topic (usually corresponding to the name of a Misplaced Pages article), and should be singular.
			*:For example, ] contains articles relating to the topic ]. Other examples: "]", "]".
			* '''Set categories''' are named after a class, and should be plural. A category may be explicitly labeled as such using the {{tl\|Set category}} template.
			*: For example, ] contains articles whose subjects are cities in France. Other examples: "]", "]".
			* Note that in some instances a topic category and a set category may have similar names - the topic category name is singular and the set category name is plural. Be careful to choose the right one when categorizing articles.
			*:For example, ] is a topic category (containing all articles relating to the topic), while ] is a set category (containing articles about specific operas).
			* Sometimes, for convenience, the two types can be combined, to create a ''set-and-topic'' category
			*:For example, ] contains articles about particular voivodeships as well as articles relating to voivodeships in general.<section end=NCCAT-ART />

			== Categorizing articles about people ==
	*Category names for lists of items should be '''plural'''. Examples: "]", "]".
			{{Main\|Misplaced Pages:Categorizing articles about people\|Misplaced Pages:Naming conventions (people)}}
	*In instances where a list page simply contains an alphabetical list of items with no other information (for example "List of Beatles songs") it could be replaced by a category (such as "]").
			{{see also\|Misplaced Pages:Overcategorization}}
	*If the list contains extra information (in this example that could include writing credits, date of release, etc.), or is non-alphabetical (for example sorted by date) it should remain as a list page, rather than a category.
	*Categories can only list articles that exist and have been assigned to the category. Therefore, comprehensive lists, (such as "]"), which must include all items regardless of whether an article already exists for them, should not be replaced by categories. Similarly, in an area that is not yet well-covered, lists can effectively indicate articles that still need to be written; categories cannot do this.
	*If there are a lot of lists regarding a particular subject area, it might be useful to have a category to hold them, (such as "]"). These categories should only contain list pages (for example "]", "]"). Please use the pipe trick for ], or all properly named lists will appear under the letter "L".

			=== Descent ===
	See also: ], ].
			{{See also\|Category:People by descent}}
			For categorizing people by ] or ], the format is: "]ian people of BARian descent", where "FOOian" is the person's nationality (country of ]) and "BARian" is the person's ethnic ancestry (such as ] and ]).

			=== Occupation ===
	Note that there are a growing number of instances where both the singular category (listing topics relating to) and plural category (listing instances of) exist, for example, ] and ]. Be careful to choose the right one when categorizing articles.
			{{see also\|Category:People by occupation}}
			Currently, Misplaced Pages supports categorizing people by ], such as: ] and ], as well as other more specific categories.

			For categorizing people by occupation, the format is: '''FOOs''', where FOO is the occupation name (such as ]); or '''People in FOO''' or '''FOO people''', where FOO is the topic of the occupation (such as ] or ]).
	''Taken verbatim from ]'

			Occupation categories should not be divided into "current" or "former" categories. For example, ] and ] should not exist.
	*When including the United States in a list of countries, do not abbreviate the United States. (for example "France and the United States", not "France and the U.S.").

			=== Residence ===
	==Special conventions for categorization of people==
			{{see also\|Category:People by location}}
	''Taken verbatim from ]''
			For categorizing people by place of ], the format is: '''People from Foo''' (not "Natives of Foo"). Where the ] for residents of a place is well-known globally (usually the original place of that name), '''Fooite''' ] categories should be {{tl\|category redirect}}ed to '''People from Foo''', in order to assist with automated categorization (for example, ]).

			=== Place of burial ===
	*People are categorized by their nationality and occupation, such as ]. The template {{tl\|Fooian fooers}} is used to provide navigation on each category page.
			{{see also\|Category:Burials by location}}
	*Please note that this template may need to be modified for some categories, because some nationalities are listed as "People of Foo" instead of "Fooian", such as ] and ].
			For categorizing people by ], the format is: '''Burials at Foo Cemetery'''.
	*As a general recommendation for categories on people, have the category names as gender-neutral as possible (unless, of course, there is a distinct reason to otherwise; please mention that reason on the category page in that case).
	:'''''Example''': instead of a category for "Kings" and a different category for "Queens", use ].''
	*Some categories can be used in a stigmatizing way; always try to find the most neutral or generic name.
	:'''''Example''': "Prostitutes" is a better name for a category than "whores". "Sex workers" might work even better for a category name, while more gender-neutral and better approaching Business Card style.
	*Avoid names that are too long or too short. Short, clear names are preferred for categories. It is possible to deviate from this principle for neutrality and clarity reasons, but don't exaggerate on length or complexity of category names. Avoid abbreviations.

			=== Time periods ===
	See also ]
			{{see also\|Category:People by time}}
			By convention, a category name designating a ] with a number (in ]) represents a calendar year in the ]. For categorizing people by years BCE, the format is: "<year number> BC", for example ].

			For categorizing people by century, the format is: ] or ].

	==Categories by country==		==Categories by country==
			All categories whose subcategories are categories by ] (roughly all categories that are members of ]) shall have a per-category naming convention which will apply to all of their subcategories. These naming conventions, their guidelines and their exceptions are listed here. Non-conformance to these naming conventions shall be treated as a criterion for "speedy category renaming" as defined on ].
	''This section and its subsections contain newly proposed rules, based on existing practice''

			=== Events ===
	All categories whose subcategories are categories by country (roughly all categories that are members of ]) shall have a per-category naming convention which will apply to all of their subcategories. These naming conventions, their guidelines and their exceptions are listed here. Conformance to these naming conventions shall be treated as a criterion for "speedy category renaming" as defined on ] (this is not yet established as practice). Changing these conventions shall require a consensual discussion either directly at ] or publicized there.
			Categories regarding events in countries (along with years and time) are named "... in country." This guideline applies to:

			<small>
	===Man-made objects===
			]
	Categories of permanently located man-made objects by country are named "... in country". This guideline applies to:
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			</small>

			===Manufactured objects===
			For categorizing permanently located manufactured objects by country, the format is: "... in country". This guideline applies to:

	<small>		<small>
	]		]
	- ]		- ]
			- ]
			- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]		- ]
			- ] (mostly named "athletics" as per non-U.S. usage)
			- ]
			- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]		- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
	- ]		- ]
			- ]
	- ]		- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]		- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]		- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
	- ]		- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ] (or shopping centres, based on local usage)
			- ]
	- ]		- ]
			- ]
	- ]		- ]
			- ] ("Universities" categories are also legitimate in countries where universities and colleges are distinct, i.e. most countries, and are often a subcategory)
	- ]
	- ]		- ]
			- ]
			- ]
	</small>		</small>

			===Landforms===
	Current exceptions to this guidleline (to be listed on ] for renaming) include
			For categorizing ] by country, the format is: "... of country". This guideline applies to:
	*] (all currently "x of foo")
	*] (2 by country, one "in foo", one "fooish x")
	*] (5 by country, one "in foo", 4 "fooish x")
	*] (2 by country, one "in foo", one "fooish x")
	*] (all currently "fooish x")
	*] (all currently "fooish x")
	*] (all currently "fooish x")
	*] (currently a mix of "in foo", "of foo", and "fooish x")
	*] (all currently "fooish x")
	*] (3 by country, one "in foo", two "fooish x")

	===Natural features===
	Categories of natural features by country are named "... of country" (there will be a proposal to change most of these to "... in country" advertised soon). This guideline applies to:

	<small>		<small>
	]		] (top category)
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]		- ]
			- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]		- ]
			</small>

			===Companies===
			For categorizing "by country" subcategories of all ''<company type> by country'' categories, the format is: ''... of country''. This guideline applies to:

			<small>
			]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			</small>

			===State-based topics===
			For categorizing topics usually in the domain of the state, the format is: "... of country".

			<small>
			]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ] *
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			</small><br>
			*<small>Administrative divisions use the "of" format and settlements use the "in" format. Municipalities are usually found in non-English speaking countries as third tier administrative divisions covering the whole country including rural areas. In most cases, there are separate designations for ''settlements'' such as cities and towns. However where the designation "municipality" is used solely for urban settlements (example, Romania) or where it is the only official designation for cities and towns (example, Spain), the category takes the "in" form.</small>

			====Political office-holders====
			For categorizing subcategories of ''<political office> by country'', the format is:
			*''... of country'' for those concerning holders of a specific office with jurisdiction over a ''country''
			*''... in country'' for those that group offices of a certain type, operating within a ''country''

			This guideline applies to:

			<small>
			]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ] (or "cabinet secretaries" if that is local usage)
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			</small>

			*For categorizing specific jurisdictions within a ''country'', ''province'', ''state'', or equivalent, the format is: ''... of places in ...''
			*For categorizing the specific jurisdiction, the format is: ''... of place''

			This guideline applies to:

			<small>
			]
			</small>

			===Sport===
			For categorizing "by-country" subcategories of all ''<sport name> by country'', the format is: ''... in country''. This guideline applies to:

			<small>
			]
			- ] (Australia, Canada and USA: "soccer")
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ] (or sports if that is local usage)
			- ]
	</small>		</small>

	===Miscellaneous "of country"===		===Miscellaneous "of country"===
	~~Subcategories~~ of these categories ~~are~~ ~~named~~ "... of country".		For categorizing subcategories of these categories, the format is: "... of country".

	<small>		<small>
	]		]
			- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]		- ]
			- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]
	- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ] ~~(top level subcategories)~~		- ]
	- ]		- ]
	</small>		</small>

	===Miscellaneous "in country"===		===Miscellaneous "in country"===
	~~Subcategories~~ of these categories ~~are~~ ~~named~~ "... in country".		For categorizing subcategories of these categories, the format is: "... in country".

	<small>		<small>
	]		]
			- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]		- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
	- ]		- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]		- ]
			- ]
			- ] (or transport if that is local usage)
	</small>		</small>

	===Miscellaneous "~~nationality~~ x"===		===Miscellaneous "involving country"===
			For categorizing subcategories of these categories, the format is: "... involving country".
	Subcategories of these categories are named "nationality ...". Considerable discussion has already occurred on this naming convention. Expect proposals for renaming many of these category types soon.

	<small>		<small>
	]		]
			- ]
	- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]
	- ]
	- ]
	- ]
	- ]
	- ]
	- ]
	- ]
	- ]
	- ]
	- ]
	- ]
	- ]
	- ]
	- ]
	- ]
	- ]
	- ] (75 subcats)
	- ]
	- ]
	- ]
	- ]
	- ]
	- ]
	- ]
	</small>		</small>

			===Miscellaneous===
	Exceptions under ] include:
			<small>
	*] (mixed)
			] ("manufactured by ]") - ] ("based in Foo") - ] ("based in Foo") - ] ("published in Foo") - ] ("based in Foo")
	*] (currently "of x")
			</small>

	===~~How~~ ~~to name the~~ country===		===Undecided by country===
			The convention for these categories is yet to be decided. See the talk page for details. These will be moved up as consensus develops.

			* Films - ]
	For "of country" and "in country" categories, the name of the country should appear '''as it does in the name of of the article about that country''', with a lowercase "the" if needed for grammatical purposes. Non-sovereign, disputed, supranational, and historical countries and geographic equivalents may be included if the articles to be categorized require it. For reference, see ], ], and the following list.
			* Magazines - ]
			* Law - ] (currently mostly "Fooish law")

			===Technical categories===
	In category naming, country names should not be abbreviated.
			*For categorizing ], the format is: "Images of ''country''".
			*For categorizing ], the format is: "''Country''-related lists"
			*For categorizing ], the format is: "''Country'' stubs".

			===How to name the country===
			For "of country" and "in country" categories, the name of the country should appear '''as it does in the name of the article about that country''', with a lowercase "the" if needed for grammatical purposes. Non-sovereign, disputed, supranational, and historical countries and geographic equivalents may be included if the articles to be categorized require it. For reference, see ], ], and the following list.

			In category naming, country names should not be abbreviated (except to the extent that they are already in their respective article titles – for example, "United Kingdom", but not "UK" or "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland").

	(Note: Links to articles are shown only for reference; links obviously cannot appear in the actual title of a category.)		(Note: Links to articles are shown only for reference; links obviously cannot appear in the actual title of a category.)

			{{div col\|colwidth=20em}}
	<div style="font-size: small;">
			* of the ] for Congo-Brazzaville
	{\|
			* of the ] for Congo-Kinshasa (formerly Zaire)
	\|valign=top\|
	* "of the ]~~" for Congo-Brazzaville~~		* of ] (common name for the ])
	* "of the ]~~" for Congo-Kinshasa (formerly Zaire~~):		* of ] (common name for the ])
	* "of the ]" (commonly known as "China")
	* of the ] (commonly known as "Taiwan")
	** See also: ]		** See also: ]
	* of the ] (for the modern-day ~~country~~)		* of the ] (for the modern-day state)
	* of ] (for the modern-day country)		* of ] (for the modern-day country)
	* of ] (Greek and Turkish Cyprus usually have combined categories)		* of ] (Greek and Turkish Cyprus usually have combined categories)
Line 203:		Line 329:
	* of ] (U.S. territory)		* of ] (U.S. territory)
	* of ] (for the modern-day country)		* of ] (for the modern-day country)
	* of ~~the~~ ]		* of ]
	* of ]		* of ]
	* of the ]		* of the ]
	* of the ]		* of the ]
	* of the ]		* of the ]
	* of ]		* of the ]
	* of the ]		* of the ]
	* of the ]		* of the ]
	* of the ]		* of the ]
	* of ~~the~~ ]		* of ]
	* of the ]		* of the ]
	* of the ]		* of the ]
	* of the ]		* of the ]
	* of ]		* of ]
	* of ]		* of ]
	* of the ]		* of the ]
			* of ]
	* of ]		* of ]
	\|valign=top\|
	* of the ]		* of the ]
	* of ]		* of ]
	* of the ]		* of the ]
	* of the ]		* of the ]
	* of ~~the~~ ]		* of ]
	* of the ]		* of the ]
	* of the ]		* of the ]
	* of the ]
	* of ]		* of ]
			* of ]
	* of the ]		* of the ]
	* of ]		* of ]
Line 235:		Line 361:
	* of the ]		* of the ]
	* of the ]		* of the ]
	* of the ]		* of the ]
	* of ]		* of ]
	* of ]		* of ]
	* of ~~the~~ ]		* of ]
	* of ]		* of ]
	* of ]		* of ]
Line 248:		Line 374:
	* of ]		* of ]
	* of ]		* of ]
			{{div col end}}
	* of ]
	* of the ]
	\|}
	</div>

			{{col-begin}}
			{{col-break}}
	Supranational:		Supranational:
	<div style="font-size: small;">
	* of ]
	* of the ]		* of the ]
	* of ] (island-wide)		* of ] (island-wide)
	* etc., on a case-by-case basis		* etc., on a case-by-case basis
	</div>

			{{col-break}}
	Historical:		Historical:
	<div style="font-size: small;">
	* of the ] (historical material only)		* of the ] (historical material only)
			* of the ] (former dependent territory only)
	* of the ] (former country only)		* of the ] (former country only)
	* of ] (former country only)		* of ] (former country only)
			* of ] (former country only)
	* etc., on a case-by-case basis		* etc., on a case-by-case basis
			{{col-end}}
	</div>

	===Dealing with overlaps===		===Dealing with overlaps===

	When historical and political complexities (such as mergers and splits) create articles that belong to two countries, do '''not''' create a "Foo of X and Y". Instead, list articles in both "Foo of X" and "Foo of Y". ~~For~~ example, "Foo of Russia" and "Foo of the Soviet Union", not "Foo of Russia and the Soviet Union".		When historical and political complexities (such as mergers and splits) create articles that belong to two countries, do '''not''' create a "] of X and Y". Instead, list articles in both "Foo of X" and "Foo of Y"; for example, "Foo of Russia" and "Foo of the Soviet Union", not "Foo of Russia and the Soviet Union". The same applies for geographic features that cross national borders, for example "Foo of the United States" and "Foo of Canada", not "Foo of the United States and Canada".

	==~~=Undecided~~ by ~~country=~~==		==Categories by nationality==
			All categories whose subcategories are categories by nationality (roughly all categories that are members of ] or ]) shall have a per-category naming convention which will apply to all of their subcategories. These naming conventions, their guidelines and their exceptions are listed here. Non-conformance to these naming conventions shall be treated as a criterion for "speedy category renaming" as defined on ]. Changing these conventions shall require a consensual discussion either directly at ] or publicized there.
	The convention for these categories is yet to be decided. See the talk page for details. These will be moved up as consensus develops.

			===Cultural topics===
			{{anchor\|Socio-cultural topics}}
			National subcategories of these categories are named using the nationality rather than the country name, as they follow the national diasporas. However, the container categories are named "by country", e.g. ] and ].<ref>]</ref>

	<small>		<small>
	]		]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]		- ]
	- ]
	- ]
	- ]
	- ]
	</small>		</small>

			Note that many other sub-topics of "]" are named using the country name, and so are some cultural topics e.g. ] and ].

			=== People by nationality ===
			For categorizing subcategories of People by nationality, the format is: "nationality ...".

			<small>
			]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			- ]
			</small>

			==== Nationality and occupation ====
			{{see also\|Category:People by nationality and occupation\|Category:People by occupation and nationality}}
			For categorizing people by their nationality and occupation, the format is: "]ian fooers", such as ].

			Concurrent citizenship may be reflected by categorizing the article by each nationality. For example, ] and ] for a dual American–Canadian citizen. Categories that combine two nationalities with an occupation, generally should not be created.

			The ] should mention the most commonly used names ("Fooians", or "Fooers"), which can be found in ] ].

			The template {{tl\|Fooian fooers}} can be used to provide navigation on each category page. For example:

			{\| align=center class="toccolours"
			\| <div class="center">''']:''' ]: ]: ]: ]: ]: '''Ethiopian'''</div>
			<div class="center">''also:'' ]: ]: ]: ]: '''Musicians'''</div>
			\|}

			*Please note that this template may need to be modified for some categories. To avoid ambiguity, some nationalities are listed as "People of Foo" instead of "Fooian"; for example, "Georgian people" could mean either ] or ]. For those categories, use {{tl\|Fooers from Boo}}. For sub-categories of ], use {{tl\|Fooers from Northern Ireland}}.
			* Similarly, some nationalities are listed as "Country people" instead of "Fooian people", such as ] and ]. In those cases the value used for "nationality" is the name of the country.

			===How to name a nationality===
			A ] is available on Misplaced Pages. In situations where multiple adjectives are possible for a particular nationality (e.g., Argentine vs. Argentinean), discussions at ] have frequently opted for one alternative over another to ensure consistency in category naming. Note that the singular-form ] and adjective for many nationalities are '''not''' interchangeable. (i.e., Icelander vs. Icelandic; New Zealander vs. New Zealand). Most category names use the adjectival form, not the noun-form demonym.

			Some states do not possess unambiguous (i.e., "Congolese" for ]) or universally-applicable (i.e., "Bosnian" for ]) adjectives. In these circumstances, the format is: "Country FOO", where ''Country'' is the unamended name of the country.

			The list below reflects the most recent consensuses on what form to use for particular nationalities. These adopted forms may be subject to change by consensus and proposals to do so can be made by nominating the affected categories at ]. References are included to discussions that have discussed particular name formats.

			====Current nationalities====
			{{Columns-list\|colwidth=25em\|
			*Abkhazian FOOs (])
			*Afghan FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Albanian FOOs (])
			*Algerian FOOs (])
			*American FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*American Samoan FOOs (])
			*Andorran FOOs (])
			*Angolan FOOs (])
			*Anguillan FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Antigua and Barbuda FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Argentine FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Armenian FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Aruban FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Australian FOOs (])
			*Austrian FOOs (])
			*Azerbaijani FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Bahamaian FOOs (])
			*Bahraini FOOs (])
			*Bangladeshi FOOs (])
			*Barbadian FOOs (])
			*Belarusian FOOs (])
			*Belgian FOOs (])
			*Belizean FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Beninese FOOs (])
			*Bermudian (])
			*Bhutanese FOOs (])
			*Bissau-Guinean FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Bolivian FOOs (])
			*Bonaire FOOs (])
			*Bosnia and Herzegovina FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Botswana FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Brazilian FOOs (])
			*British FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*British Antarctic Territory FOOs (])
			*British Indian Ocean Territory FOOs (])
			*British Virgin Islands FOOs (])
			*Bruneian FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Bulgarian FOOs (])
			*Burkinabé FOOs (])
			*Burmese FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Burundian FOOs (])
			*Cambodian FOOs (])
			*Cameroonian FOOs (])
			*Canadian FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Cape Verdean FOOs (])
			*Caymanian FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Central African Republic FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Chadian FOOs (])
			*Chilean FOOs (])
			*Chinese FOOs (])
			*Colombian FOOs (])
			*Comorian FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Democratic Republic of the Congo FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Republic of the Congo FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Cook Island FOOs (for people);<ref>]</ref> Cook Islands FOOs (for inanimate things) (])
			*Costa Rican FOOs (])
			*Croatian FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Cuban FOOs (])
			*Curaçao FOOs<ref name = ArubanpeopleCFD>]</ref> (])
			*Cypriot FOOs (])
			*Czech FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Danish FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Djiboutian FOOs (])
			*Dominica FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Dominican Republic FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Dutch FOOs (])
			*East Timorese FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Ecuadorian FOOs (])
			*Egyptian FOOs (])
			*Emirati FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*English FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Equatoguinean FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Eritrean FOOs (])
			*Estonian FOOs (])
			*Ethiopian FOOs (])
			*Falkland Islands FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Faroese FOOs (])
			*Fijian FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Filipino FOOs (for people);<ref name = filipino>]</ref> Philippine FOOs (for inanimate things)<ref name = filipino/> (])
			*Finnish FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*French FOOs (])
			*French Guianan FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*French Polynesian FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Gabonese FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Gambian FOOs (])
			*FOOs from/of Georgia<ref>]</ref> (])
			*German FOOs (])
			*Ghanaian FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Gibraltarian FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Greek FOOs (])
			*Greenlandic FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Grenadian FOOs (])
			*Guadeloupean FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Guam FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Guatemalan FOOs (])
			*Guinean FOOs (])
			*Guyanese FOOs (])
			*Haitian FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Honduran FOOs (])
			*Hong Kong FOOs (])
			*Hungarian FOOs (])
			*Icelandic FOOs (])
			*Indian FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Indonesian FOOs (])
			*Iranian FOOs (])
			*Iraqi FOOs (])
			*Irish FOOs (])
			*Israeli FOOs (])
			*Italian FOOs (])
			*Ivorian FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Jamaican FOOs (])
			*Japanese FOOs (])
			*Jordanian FOOs (])
			*Kazakhstani FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Kenyan FOOs (])
			*I-Kiribati FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Kosovan FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Kuwaiti FOOs (])
			*Kyrgyzstani FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Laotian FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Latvian FOOs (])
			*Lebanese FOOs (])
			*Lesotho FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Liberian FOOs (])
			*Libyan FOOs (])
			*Liechtenstein FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Lithuanian FOOs (])
			*Luxembourgian FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Macau FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Macedonian FOOs or North Macedonian FOOs or FOOS from/of North Macedonia (]) per the ]<ref>Per {{oldid2\|1112438805\|Adjectival form of North Macedonia\|Misplaced Pages:Naming conventions (Macedonia) § Adjectival form of North Macedonia}}: "Article names, categories, and templates should avoid adjectival use altogether. The use of neutral formulations such as "of North Macedonia", "in North Macedonia," etc. is preferred."</ref>
			*Malagasy FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Malawian FOOs (])
			*Malaysian FOOs (])
			*Maldivian FOOs (])
			*Malian FOOs (])
			*Maltese FOOs (])
			*Marshallese FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Mauritanian FOOs (])
			*Mauritian FOOs (])
			*Mexican FOOs (])
			*Federated States of Micronesia FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Moldovan FOOs (Moldova)
			*Monegasque FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Mongolian FOOs (])
			*Montenegrin FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Montserratian FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Moroccan FOOs (])
			*Mozambican FOOs (])
			*Namibian FOOs (])
			*Nauruan FOOs (])
			*Nepalese FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*New Caledonian FOOs (])
			*New Zealand FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Nicaraguan FOOs (])
			*Nigerian FOOs (])
			*Nigerien FOOs (])
			*Niuean FOOs (])
			*North Korean FOOs<ref name = SouthAfricanCFD>]</ref> (])
			*FOOs from/of Northern Ireland<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Northern Mariana Islands FOOs (])
			*Norwegian FOOs (])
			*Omani FOOs (])
			*Pakistani FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Palauan FOOs (])
			*Palestinian FOOs (])
			*Panamanian FOOs (])
			*Papua New Guinean FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Paraguayan FOOs (])
			*Peruvian FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Pitcairn Islands FOOs (])
			*Polish FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Portuguese FOOs (])
			*Puerto Rican FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Qatari FOOs (])
			*FOOs from/of Réunion<ref>] and ]</ref> (])
			*Romanian FOOs (])
			*Russian FOOs (])
			*Rwandan FOOs (])
			*FOOs from/of Saba (])
			*Sahrawi FOOs (])
			*Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha FOOs (])
			*Saint Kitts and Nevis FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Saint Lucian FOOs (])
			*Saint Vincent and the Grenadines FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Salvadoran FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Samoan FOOs (])
			*Sammarinese FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*São Tomé and Príncipe FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Saudi Arabian FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Scottish FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Senegalese FOOs (])
			*Serbian FOOs (])
			*Seychellois FOOs (])
			*Sierra Leonean FOOs (])
			*Singaporean FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Sint Eustatius FOOs (])
			*Sint Maarten FOOs<ref name = ArubanpeopleCFD/> (])
			*Slovak FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Slovenian FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Solomon Islands FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Somalian FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Somaliland FOOs (])
			*South African FOOs<ref name = SouthAfricanCFD/> (])
			*South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands FOOs (])
			*South Korean FOOs<ref name = SouthAfricanCFD/> (])
			*South Ossetian FOOs (])
			*South Sudanese FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Spanish FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Sri Lankan FOOs (])
			*Sudanese FOOs (])
			*Surinamese FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Swazi FOOs (])
			*Swedish FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Swiss FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Syrian FOOs (])
			*Taiwanese FOOs (])
			*Tajikistani FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Tanzanian FOOs (])
			*Thai FOOs (])
			*Tokelauan FOOs (])
			*Tongan FOOs (])
			*Trinidad and Tobago FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Tunisian FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Turkish FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Turkish Cypriot FOOs (])
			*Turkmenistan FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Turks and Caicos Islands FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Tuvaluan FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Ugandan FOOs (])
			*Ukrainian FOOs (])
			*United States Virgin Islands FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Uruguayan FOOs (])
			*Uzbekistani FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Vanuatuan FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Vatican City FOOs (])
			*Venezuelan FOOs (])
			*Vietnamese FOOs (])
			*Wallis and Futuna FOOs (])
			*Welsh FOOs (])
			*Zambian FOOs (])
			*Zimbabwean FOOs (])
			}}

			====Former nationalities====
			In general, the formats for people of former nationalities is less settled. The list below represents examples which are reasonably well settled.

			After September 2022, "of" is now deprecated and "from" will become the standard for former countries that have compound names.<ref>]</ref>

			Therefore, for categorizing people of former nationalities with a compound name, the format is: "FOOs from Country".

			{{Columns-list\|colwidth=25em\|
			*Austro-Hungarian FOOs (])
			*Byzantine FOOs (])
			*Czechoslovak FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Dutch Antillean FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Ancient Egyptian FOOs (])
			*East German FOOs (])
			*West German FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*FOOs from the Ottoman Empire<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Rhodesian FOOs (])
			*FOOs from the Russian Empire<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Serbia and Montenegro FOOs<ref>Use for the state that existed from 1992 to 2006. From 1992 to 2003, this state was officially known as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FR Yugoslavia), but in categories "Yugoslav" is used only for the larger state that existed from 1918 to 1992.</ref><ref>]</ref> (])
			*Soviet FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*Republic of Venice FOOs<ref>]</ref> (])
			*North Yemeni FOOs (])
			*South Yemeni FOOs (])
			*Yugoslav FOOs<ref>Use for the state that existed from 1918 to 1992. For the state that existed from 1992 to 2006 and was known as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FR Yugoslavia) from 1992 to 2003, use "Serbia and Montenegro FOOs".</ref><ref>]</ref> (])
			}}

			== Works of art categories by artist ==
			All categories whose subcategories are categories by creative artist (roughly all categories that are members of ]) shall have a per-category naming convention which will apply to all of their subcategories. These naming conventions, their guidelines and their exceptions are listed here. Non-conformance to these naming conventions shall be treated as a criterion for "speedy category renaming" as defined at ]. Changing these conventions shall require a consensual discussion either directly at ] or publicized there.

			=== Music by composer ===
			For categorizing music by composer, the format is: "Compositions by ".

			<small>
			]
			– ]
			– ]
			– ]
			</small>

			=== Music by performer ===
			For categorizing music by performer, the format is: " works".

			<small>
			]
			– ]
			</small>

			=== Visual arts ===
			For categorizing articles of each type of work of an artist, the format is: "s by " (for example, ]). For categorizing subcategories of different types of work of an artist (for example, for paintings and sculpture), the format for the parent category is: "Works by Foo".

			<small>
			]
			– ]
			</small>

			=== Architecture ===
			For categorizing architecture by architect, the format is: " buildings", with exceptions for architects involved in more than one type of work.

			<small>
			]
			</small>

			=== Literature ===
			For categorizing literature by writer, the format is: "s by ".

			<small>
			]
			– ]
			– ]
			– ]
			– ]
			– ]
			– ]
			– ]
			– ]
			– ]
			</small>

			=== Stage and screen ===
			For categorizing stage and screen works by contributor, the format is: " by ".

			<small>
			{{c\|Films by director}}
			– {{c\|Films by screenwriter}}
			– {{c\|Plays by writer}}
			– {{c\|Television shows by writer}}
			</small>

			=== Name of the artist ===
			The name used should match the name of the biography article about the person, including any disambiguator, e.g. ]. The only exceptions are categories for visual arts, where the name used for the artist may instead match usage within the articles on the works; e.g. ] does not have to follow the article name ].<ref>]</ref>

			== Works of art categories by subject ==
			Category names of a subject should match the name for that subject within articles and citations (including spelling and capitalisation), rather than the name of the Misplaced Pages article on the topic. For example:
			*] and ], although the generic parent ] follows the article ]<ref>]</ref>

			Additionally, disambiguation is not always necessary if the subject is unambiguous. For example:
			*] and ], although the generic parent ] follows the article ]<ref>]</ref>

			==Notes==
			{{Reflist\|30em}}

			{{Misplaced Pages categorization navbox}}

			]
	]		]

Latest revision as of 12:36, 20 January 2025

This guideline documents an English Misplaced Pages naming convention.
Editors should generally follow it, though exceptions may apply. Substantive edits to this page should reflect consensus. When in doubt, discuss first on this guideline's talk page.

Shortcuts

This page in a nutshell: Category names should be specific, neutral, inclusive, and follow certain conventions, such as Category:Natural history of Venezuela, Category:Hospitals in Denmark or Category:Australian journalists.

Main page: Misplaced Pages:Categorization

This page contains a list of guidelines concerning naming conventions for categories. If you wish to propose a new naming convention for categories or modify an existing convention, please do so on the talk page.

General conventions

When naming a category, use sentence case, do not use title case. Specifically, do not capitalize regular nouns except when they come at the beginning of the category name.
Do not write the category structure in names. Example: "Monarchs", not "People – Monarchs". This includes creating categories that are subpages of other categories.
Choose category names that can stand alone, independent of the way a category is connected to other categories. Example: "Geography terminology stubs", not "Terminology" (a subcategory of "Geography stubs").

Project categories

Categories used for Misplaced Pages administration, are disambiguated by prepending with the word "Misplaced Pages" (no colon) if this is needed to prevent confusion with content categories. For example, Category:Inactive project pages (where no confusion is likely), but Category:Misplaced Pages tools (as distinct from the content category Tools).
All WikiProject categories should have "WikiProject" (or "WikiProjects") as part of the name. Note that this does not apply to the names of categories that projects might create for the use of assessments. In these cases, the advice given in Project Categories, which conforms to Category:Misplaced Pages 1.0 assessments is advised, though not mandatory.
For geographical photo requests, the category name should be "Misplaced Pages requested photographs in xxx" as in ]; see Category:Misplaced Pages requested photographs by location.
For categorization in userspace, see Misplaced Pages:Categorization § User pages and Misplaced Pages:User categories § Naming conventions.

Naming conventions for article categories

Standard article naming conventions apply: Generally, category names are based on what the subject is called in verifiable reliable sources (particularly for technical subjects), so that those sources may be used to support inclusion of information. When this offers multiple possibilities, editors choose among them by considering several principles: the ideal category name uses words and phrases which precisely identify the subject; it is neutral, short, natural, distinguishable and recognizable; and resembles names for similar categories.
Avoid subjective adjectives such as famous, large, or beautiful in category titles.
Avoid abbreviations. Example: "Category:Military equipment of World War II", not "Category:Military equipment of WW2". However, acronyms that have become the official, or generally used, name (such as NATO) should be used where there are no other conflicts. Exceptions to this should be explained in the category description.
Because no two articles can have the same title, it is sometimes necessary to add distinguishing information, often in the form of a description in parentheses after the name. When a topic requires disambiguation, any category eponymously named for that topic should include the same form of disambiguation, even if no other articles are likely to have an eponymous category.
Naming guidelines for subcategories of Category:Stub categories are listed at Misplaced Pages:WikiProject Stub sorting/Naming conventions § Stub categories.

Topic and set categories

Shortcuts

Topic categories are named after a topic (usually corresponding to the name of a Misplaced Pages article), and should be singular.
For example, Category:France contains articles relating to the topic France. Other examples: "Law", "Hillary Clinton".
Set categories are named after a class, and should be plural. A category may be explicitly labeled as such using the {{Set category}} template.
For example, Category:Cities in France contains articles whose subjects are cities in France. Other examples: "Writers", "Villages in Poland".
Note that in some instances a topic category and a set category may have similar names - the topic category name is singular and the set category name is plural. Be careful to choose the right one when categorizing articles.
For example, Opera is a topic category (containing all articles relating to the topic), while Operas is a set category (containing articles about specific operas).
Sometimes, for convenience, the two types can be combined, to create a set-and-topic category
For example, Category:Voivodeships of Poland contains articles about particular voivodeships as well as articles relating to voivodeships in general.

Categorizing articles about people

Main pages: Misplaced Pages:Categorizing articles about people and Misplaced Pages:Naming conventions (people) See also: Misplaced Pages:Overcategorization

Descent

Occupation

Residence

Place of burial

Time periods

Categories by country

All categories whose subcategories are categories by country (roughly all categories that are members of Category:Categories by country) shall have a per-category naming convention which will apply to all of their subcategories. These naming conventions, their guidelines and their exceptions are listed here. Non-conformance to these naming conventions shall be treated as a criterion for "speedy category renaming" as defined on WP:CFD.

Events

Categories regarding events in countries (along with years and time) are named "... in country." This guideline applies to:

Millennia - Centuries - Decades - Years - Establishments - Disestablishments

Manufactured objects

For categorizing permanently located manufactured objects by country, the format is: "... in country". This guideline applies to:

Airports - American football venues - Amusement parks - Archaeological sites - Art museums - Association football venues - Athletics (track and field) venues (mostly named "athletics" as per non-U.S. usage) - Baseball venues - Basketball venues - Bridges - Buildings and structures - Casinos - Castles - Cathedrals - Cemeteries - Churches - Cities - Cricket grounds - Forts - Gardens - Ghost towns - Golf clubs and courses - Horse racing venues - Hospitals - Hotels - Indoor arenas - Libraries - Monasteries - Motorsport venues - Mosques - Museums - Palaces - Parks - Prisons - Railway stations - Reservoirs - Roads - Rugby union stadiums - Schools - Shopping malls (or shopping centres, based on local usage) - Skyscrapers - Sports venues - Theatres - Towns - Universities and colleges ("Universities" categories are also legitimate in countries where universities and colleges are distinct, i.e. most countries, and are often a subcategory) - Villages - World Heritage Sites - Zoos

Landforms

For categorizing landforms by country, the format is: "... of country". This guideline applies to:

Landforms (top category) - Beaches - Hills - Islands - Lakes - Mountains - Mountain passes - Mountain ranges - Peninsulas - Rivers - Volcanoes

Companies

For categorizing "by country" subcategories of all <company type> by country categories, the format is: ... of country. This guideline applies to:

Airlines - Banks - Book publishing companies - Companies - Defunct companies - Engineering companies - Financial services companies - Insurance companies - Manufacturing companies - Retail companies

State-based topics

For categorizing topics usually in the domain of the state, the format is: "... of country".

Administrative divisions - Foreign relations - Government - Military - Military equipment - Military units and formations - Municipalities * - National parks - Postal systems - Protected areas

Administrative divisions use the "of" format and settlements use the "in" format. Municipalities are usually found in non-English speaking countries as third tier administrative divisions covering the whole country including rural areas. In most cases, there are separate designations for settlements such as cities and towns. However where the designation "municipality" is used solely for urban settlements (example, Romania) or where it is the only official designation for cities and towns (example, Spain), the category takes the "in" form.

Political office-holders

For categorizing subcategories of <political office> by country, the format is:

... of country for those concerning holders of a specific office with jurisdiction over a country
... in country for those that group offices of a certain type, operating within a country

This guideline applies to:

Political office-holders - Heads of government - Heads of state - Legislators - Government ministers (or "cabinet secretaries" if that is local usage) - minister lists - Presidents - Prime ministers

For categorizing specific jurisdictions within a country, province, state, or equivalent, the format is: ... of places in ...
For categorizing the specific jurisdiction, the format is: ... of place

This guideline applies to:

Mayors

Sport

For categorizing "by-country" subcategories of all <sport name> by country, the format is: ... in country. This guideline applies to:

Athletics - Association football (Australia, Canada and USA: "soccer") - Baseball - Basketball - Clubs and teams - Cricket - Cycle racing - Golf - Horse racing - Ice hockey - Motorsport - Rugby league - Rugby union - Sport (or sports if that is local usage) - Tennis

Miscellaneous "of country"

For categorizing subcategories of these categories, the format is: "... of country".

Cinema - Coins - Demographics - Economies - Environment - Fauna - Geography - History - Languages - Natural history - Politics - Ships - Trade unions - Weapons

Miscellaneous "in country"

For categorizing subcategories of these categories, the format is: "... in country".

Aviation - Business - Capital punishment - Communications - Crime - Disasters - Education - Ethnic groups - Health - Human rights - Landmarks - Law enforcement - Mass media - Nature conservation - Political parties - Populated places - Public holidays - Rail transport - Religion - Science and technology - Television - Tourism - Transportation (or transport if that is local usage)

Miscellaneous "involving country"

For categorizing subcategories of these categories, the format is: "... involving country".

Battles - Military operations - Naval battles - Sieges - Wars

Miscellaneous

Aircraft ("manufactured by Foo") - Charities ("based in Foo") - Environmental organizations ("based in Foo") - Newspapers ("published in Foo") - Organizations ("based in Foo")

Undecided by country

The convention for these categories is yet to be decided. See the talk page for details. These will be moved up as consensus develops.

Films - Category:Films by country
Magazines - Category:Magazines by country
Law - Category:Law by country (currently mostly "Fooish law")

Technical categories

For categorizing Images by country, the format is: "Images of country".
For categorizing Lists by country, the format is: "Country-related lists"
For categorizing Stubs by region, the format is: "Country stubs".

How to name the country

For "of country" and "in country" categories, the name of the country should appear as it does in the name of the article about that country, with a lowercase "the" if needed for grammatical purposes. Non-sovereign, disputed, supranational, and historical countries and geographic equivalents may be included if the articles to be categorized require it. For reference, see List of sovereign states, List of dependent territories, and the following list.

In category naming, country names should not be abbreviated (except to the extent that they are already in their respective article titles – for example, "United Kingdom", but not "UK" or "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland").

(Note: Links to articles are shown only for reference; links obviously cannot appear in the actual title of a category.)

of the Republic of the Congo for Congo-Brazzaville
of the Democratic Republic of the Congo for Congo-Kinshasa (formerly Zaire)
of China (common name for the People's Republic of China)
of Taiwan (common name for the Republic of China)
- See also: Misplaced Pages:Naming conventions (Chinese)#Political NPOV
of the Republic of Ireland (for the modern-day state)
of Northern Ireland (for the modern-day country)
of Cyprus (Greek and Turkish Cyprus usually have combined categories)
of Samoa (independent country)
of American Samoa (U.S. territory)
of Russia (for the modern-day country)
of the Bahamas
of Bosnia and Herzegovina
of the British Virgin Islands
of the Cayman Islands
of the Central African Republic
of the Comoros
of the Cook Islands
of the Czech Republic
of the Dominican Republic
of Eswatini
of the Falkland Islands
of the Faroe Islands
of the Federated States of Micronesia
of the Gambia
of Georgia (country)
of the Isle of Man
of Ivory Coast
of Kosovo
of the Maldives
of Malta
of the Marshall Islands
of the Netherlands
of North Macedonia
of the Philippines
of the Pitcairn Islands
of Saint Kitts and Nevis
of Seychelles
of the Solomon Islands
of Ukraine
of the United Arab Emirates
of the United Kingdom
of the United States
of the United States Virgin Islands
of Vatican City
of Wallis and Futuna
of Western Sahara
of Azerbaijan
of East Timor
of Yemen (the modern-day country that unified former North and South Yemen in the 1990s)
of North Korea
of South Korea
of Slovenia
of Croatia
of Serbia
of Montenegro

Supranational:

of the European Union
of Ireland (island-wide)
etc., on a case-by-case basis

Historical:

of the Irish Free State (historical material only)
of the Netherlands Antilles (former dependent territory only)
of the Soviet Union (former country only)
of Yugoslavia (former country only)
of Serbia and Montenegro (former country only)
etc., on a case-by-case basis

Dealing with overlaps

When historical and political complexities (such as mergers and splits) create articles that belong to two countries, do not create a "Foo of X and Y". Instead, list articles in both "Foo of X" and "Foo of Y"; for example, "Foo of Russia" and "Foo of the Soviet Union", not "Foo of Russia and the Soviet Union". The same applies for geographic features that cross national borders, for example "Foo of the United States" and "Foo of Canada", not "Foo of the United States and Canada".

Categories by nationality

All categories whose subcategories are categories by nationality (roughly all categories that are members of Category:People by nationality or Category:Works by nationality) shall have a per-category naming convention which will apply to all of their subcategories. These naming conventions, their guidelines and their exceptions are listed here. Non-conformance to these naming conventions shall be treated as a criterion for "speedy category renaming" as defined on WP:CFD. Changing these conventions shall require a consensual discussion either directly at WP:CFD or publicized there.

Cultural topics

National subcategories of these categories are named using the nationality rather than the country name, as they follow the national diasporas. However, the container categories are named "by country", e.g. Category:Art by country and Category:Culture by country.

Art - Cuisine - Culture - Literature - Music - Plays

Note that many other sub-topics of "Society" are named using the country name, and so are some cultural topics e.g. Architecture and Classical music.

People by nationality

For categorizing subcategories of People by nationality, the format is: "nationality ...".

Murderers - Musical groups - People by nationality and occupation - People by occupation and nationality - People

Nationality and occupation

For categorizing people by their nationality and occupation, the format is: "fooian fooers", such as Category:Ethiopian musicians.

Concurrent citizenship may be reflected by categorizing the article by each nationality. For example, Category:Canadian actors and Category:American actors for a dual American–Canadian citizen. Categories that combine two nationalities with an occupation, generally should not be created.

The category description should mention the most commonly used names ("Fooians", or "Fooers"), which can be found in verifiable reliable sources.

The template {{Fooian fooers}} can be used to provide navigation on each category page. For example:

Classification: People: By occupation: Entertainers: Musicians: By nationality: Ethiopian also: Ethiopia: People: By occupation: Entertainers: Musicians

Please note that this template may need to be modified for some categories. To avoid ambiguity, some nationalities are listed as "People of Foo" instead of "Fooian"; for example, "Georgian people" could mean either Category:People from Georgia (country) or Category:People from Georgia (U.S. state). For those categories, use {{Fooers from Boo}}. For sub-categories of Category:People from Northern Ireland by occupation, use {{Fooers from Northern Ireland}}.
Similarly, some nationalities are listed as "Country people" instead of "Fooian people", such as Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina musicians and Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo musicians. In those cases the value used for "nationality" is the name of the country.

How to name a nationality

A list of adjectival forms of place names is available on Misplaced Pages. In situations where multiple adjectives are possible for a particular nationality (e.g., Argentine vs. Argentinean), discussions at categories for discussion have frequently opted for one alternative over another to ensure consistency in category naming. Note that the singular-form demonym and adjective for many nationalities are not interchangeable. (i.e., Icelander vs. Icelandic; New Zealander vs. New Zealand). Most category names use the adjectival form, not the noun-form demonym.

Some states do not possess unambiguous (i.e., "Congolese" for Democratic Republic of the Congo) or universally-applicable (i.e., "Bosnian" for Bosnia and Herzegovina) adjectives. In these circumstances, the format is: "Country FOO", where Country is the unamended name of the country.

The list below reflects the most recent consensuses on what form to use for particular nationalities. These adopted forms may be subject to change by consensus and proposals to do so can be made by nominating the affected categories at categories for discussion. References are included to discussions that have discussed particular name formats.

Current nationalities

Abkhazian FOOs (Abkhazia)
Afghan FOOs (Afghanistan)
Albanian FOOs (Albania)
Algerian FOOs (Algeria)
American FOOs (United States)
American Samoan FOOs (American Samoa)
Andorran FOOs (Andorra)
Angolan FOOs (Angola)
Anguillan FOOs (Anguilla)
Antigua and Barbuda FOOs (Antigua and Barbuda)
Argentine FOOs (Argentina)
Armenian FOOs (Armenia)
Aruban FOOs (Aruba)
Australian FOOs (Australia)
Austrian FOOs (Austria)
Azerbaijani FOOs (Azerbaijan)
Bahamaian FOOs (The Bahamas)
Bahraini FOOs (Bahrain)
Bangladeshi FOOs (Bangladesh)
Barbadian FOOs (Barbados)
Belarusian FOOs (Belarus)
Belgian FOOs (Belgium)
Belizean FOOs (Belize)
Beninese FOOs (Benin)
Bermudian (Bermuda)
Bhutanese FOOs (Bhutan)
Bissau-Guinean FOOs (Guinea-Bissau)
Bolivian FOOs (Bolivia)
Bonaire FOOs (Bonaire)
Bosnia and Herzegovina FOOs (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Botswana FOOs (Botswana)
Brazilian FOOs (Brazil)
British FOOs (United Kingdom)
British Antarctic Territory FOOs (British Antarctic Territory)
British Indian Ocean Territory FOOs (British Indian Ocean Territory)
British Virgin Islands FOOs (British Virgin Islands)
Bruneian FOOs (Brunei)
Bulgarian FOOs (Bulgaria)
Burkinabé FOOs (Burkina Faso)
Burmese FOOs (Myanmar)
Burundian FOOs (Burundi)
Cambodian FOOs (Cambodia)
Cameroonian FOOs (Cameroon)
Canadian FOOs (Canada)
Cape Verdean FOOs (Cape Verde)
Caymanian FOOs (Cayman Islands)
Central African Republic FOOs (Central African Republic)
Chadian FOOs (Chad)
Chilean FOOs (Chile)
Chinese FOOs (China)
Colombian FOOs (Colombia)
Comorian FOOs (Comoros)
Democratic Republic of the Congo FOOs (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Republic of the Congo FOOs (Republic of the Congo)
Cook Island FOOs (for people); Cook Islands FOOs (for inanimate things) (Cook Islands)
Costa Rican FOOs (Costa Rica)
Croatian FOOs (Croatia)
Cuban FOOs (Cuba)
Curaçao FOOs (Curaçao)
Cypriot FOOs (Cyprus)
Czech FOOs (Czech Republic)
Danish FOOs (Denmark)
Djiboutian FOOs (Djibouti)
Dominica FOOs (Dominica)
Dominican Republic FOOs (Dominican Republic)
Dutch FOOs (Netherlands)
East Timorese FOOs (East Timor)
Ecuadorian FOOs (Ecuador)
Egyptian FOOs (Egypt)
Emirati FOOs (United Arab Emirates)
English FOOs (England)
Equatoguinean FOOs (Equatorial Guinea)
Eritrean FOOs (Eritrea)
Estonian FOOs (Estonia)
Ethiopian FOOs (Ethiopia)
Falkland Islands FOOs (Falkland Islands)
Faroese FOOs (Faroe Islands)
Fijian FOOs (Fiji)
Filipino FOOs (for people); Philippine FOOs (for inanimate things) (Philippines)
Finnish FOOs (Finland)
French FOOs (France)
French Guianan FOOs (French Guiana)
French Polynesian FOOs (French Polynesia)
Gabonese FOOs (Gabon)
Gambian FOOs (The Gambia)
FOOs from/of Georgia (Georgia)
German FOOs (Germany)
Ghanaian FOOs (Ghana)
Gibraltarian FOOs (Gibraltar)
Greek FOOs (Greece)
Greenlandic FOOs (Greenland)
Grenadian FOOs (Grenada)
Guadeloupean FOOs (Guadeloupe)
Guam FOOs (Guam)
Guatemalan FOOs (Guatemala)
Guinean FOOs (Guinea)
Guyanese FOOs (Guyana)
Haitian FOOs (Haiti)
Honduran FOOs (Honduras)
Hong Kong FOOs (Hong Kong)
Hungarian FOOs (Hungary)
Icelandic FOOs (Iceland)
Indian FOOs (India)
Indonesian FOOs (Indonesia)
Iranian FOOs (Iran)
Iraqi FOOs (Iraq)
Irish FOOs (Ireland)
Israeli FOOs (Israel)
Italian FOOs (Italy)
Ivorian FOOs (Ivory Coast)
Jamaican FOOs (Jamaica)
Japanese FOOs (Japan)
Jordanian FOOs (Jordan)
Kazakhstani FOOs (Kazakhstan)
Kenyan FOOs (Kenya)
I-Kiribati FOOs (Kiribati)
Kosovan FOOs (Kosovo)
Kuwaiti FOOs (Kuwait)
Kyrgyzstani FOOs (Kyrgyzstan)
Laotian FOOs (Laos)
Latvian FOOs (Latvia)
Lebanese FOOs (Lebanon)
Lesotho FOOs (Lesotho)
Liberian FOOs (Liberia)
Libyan FOOs (Libya)
Liechtenstein FOOs (Liechtenstein)
Lithuanian FOOs (Lithuania)
Luxembourgian FOOs (Luxembourg)
Macau FOOs (Macau)
Macedonian FOOs or North Macedonian FOOs or FOOS from/of North Macedonia (North Macedonia) per the specific naming convention
Malagasy FOOs (Madagascar)
Malawian FOOs (Malawi)
Malaysian FOOs (Malaysia)
Maldivian FOOs (Maldives)
Malian FOOs (Mali)
Maltese FOOs (Malta)
Marshallese FOOs (Marshall Islands)
Mauritanian FOOs (Mauritania)
Mauritian FOOs (Mauritius)
Mexican FOOs (Mexico)
Federated States of Micronesia FOOs (Federated States of Micronesia)
Moldovan FOOs (Moldova)
Monegasque FOOs (Monaco)
Mongolian FOOs (Mongolia)
Montenegrin FOOs (Montenegro)
Montserratian FOOs (Montserrat)
Moroccan FOOs (Morocco)
Mozambican FOOs (Mozambique)
Namibian FOOs (Namibia)
Nauruan FOOs (Nauru)
Nepalese FOOs (Nepal)
New Caledonian FOOs (New Caledonia)
New Zealand FOOs (New Zealand)
Nicaraguan FOOs (Nicaragua)
Nigerian FOOs (Nigeria)
Nigerien FOOs (Niger)
Niuean FOOs (Niue)
North Korean FOOs (North Korea)
FOOs from/of Northern Ireland (Northern Ireland)
Northern Mariana Islands FOOs (Northern Mariana Islands)
Norwegian FOOs (Norway)
Omani FOOs (Oman)
Pakistani FOOs (Pakistan)
Palauan FOOs (Palau)
Palestinian FOOs (State of Palestine)
Panamanian FOOs (Panama)
Papua New Guinean FOOs (Papua New Guinea)
Paraguayan FOOs (Paraguay)
Peruvian FOOs (Peru)
Pitcairn Islands FOOs (Pitcairn Islands)
Polish FOOs (Poland)
Portuguese FOOs (Portugal)
Puerto Rican FOOs (Puerto Rico)
Qatari FOOs (Qatar)
FOOs from/of Réunion (Réunion)
Romanian FOOs (Romania)
Russian FOOs (Russia)
Rwandan FOOs (Rwanda)
FOOs from/of Saba (Saba (island))
Sahrawi FOOs (Western Sahara)
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha FOOs (Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha)
Saint Kitts and Nevis FOOs (Saint Kitts and Nevis)
Saint Lucian FOOs (Saint Lucia)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines FOOs (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)
Salvadoran FOOs (El Salvador)
Samoan FOOs (Samoa)
Sammarinese FOOs (San Marino)
São Tomé and Príncipe FOOs (São Tomé and Príncipe)
Saudi Arabian FOOs (Saudi Arabia)
Scottish FOOs (Scotland)
Senegalese FOOs (Senegal)
Serbian FOOs (Serbia)
Seychellois FOOs (Seychelles)
Sierra Leonean FOOs (Sierra Leone)
Singaporean FOOs (Singapore)
Sint Eustatius FOOs (Sint Eustatius)
Sint Maarten FOOs (Sint Maarten)
Slovak FOOs (Slovakia)
Slovenian FOOs (Slovenia)
Solomon Islands FOOs (Solomon Islands)
Somalian FOOs (Somalia)
Somaliland FOOs (Somaliland)
South African FOOs (South Africa)
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands FOOs (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands)
South Korean FOOs (South Korea)
South Ossetian FOOs (South Ossetia)
South Sudanese FOOs (South Sudan)
Spanish FOOs (Spain)
Sri Lankan FOOs (Sri Lanka)
Sudanese FOOs (Sudan)
Surinamese FOOs (Suriname)
Swazi FOOs (Eswatini)
Swedish FOOs (Sweden)
Swiss FOOs (Switzerland)
Syrian FOOs (Syria)
Taiwanese FOOs (Taiwan)
Tajikistani FOOs (Tajikistan)
Tanzanian FOOs (Tanzania)
Thai FOOs (Thailand)
Tokelauan FOOs (Tokelau)
Tongan FOOs (Tonga)
Trinidad and Tobago FOOs (Trinidad and Tobago)
Tunisian FOOs (Tunisia)
Turkish FOOs (Turkey)
Turkish Cypriot FOOs (Northern Cyprus)
Turkmenistan FOOs (Turkmenistan)
Turks and Caicos Islands FOOs (Turks and Caicos Islands)
Tuvaluan FOOs (Tuvalu)
Ugandan FOOs (Uganda)
Ukrainian FOOs (Ukraine)
United States Virgin Islands FOOs (United States Virgin Islands)
Uruguayan FOOs (Uruguay)
Uzbekistani FOOs (Uzbekistan)
Vanuatuan FOOs (Vanuatu)
Vatican City FOOs (Vatican City)
Venezuelan FOOs (Venezuela)
Vietnamese FOOs (Vietnam)
Wallis and Futuna FOOs (Wallis and Futuna)
Welsh FOOs (Wales)
Zambian FOOs (Zambia)
Zimbabwean FOOs (Zimbabwe)

Former nationalities

In general, the formats for people of former nationalities is less settled. The list below represents examples which are reasonably well settled.

After September 2022, "of" is now deprecated and "from" will become the standard for former countries that have compound names.

Therefore, for categorizing people of former nationalities with a compound name, the format is: "FOOs from Country".

Austro-Hungarian FOOs (Austria-Hungary)
Byzantine FOOs (Byzantine Empire)
Czechoslovak FOOs (Czechoslovakia)
Dutch Antillean FOOs (Netherlands Antilles)
Ancient Egyptian FOOs (Ancient Egypt)
East German FOOs (East Germany)
West German FOOs (West Germany)
FOOs from the Ottoman Empire (Ottoman Empire)
Rhodesian FOOs (Rhodesia)
FOOs from the Russian Empire (Russian Empire)
Serbia and Montenegro FOOs (Serbia and Montenegro)
Soviet FOOs (Soviet Union)
Republic of Venice FOOs (Republic of Venice)
North Yemeni FOOs (Yemen Arab Republic)
South Yemeni FOOs (South Yemen)
Yugoslav FOOs (Yugoslavia)

Works of art categories by artist

All categories whose subcategories are categories by creative artist (roughly all categories that are members of Category:Works by artist) shall have a per-category naming convention which will apply to all of their subcategories. These naming conventions, their guidelines and their exceptions are listed here. Non-conformance to these naming conventions shall be treated as a criterion for "speedy category renaming" as defined at WP:CFD. Changing these conventions shall require a consensual discussion either directly at WP:CFD or publicized there.

Music by composer

For categorizing music by composer, the format is: "Compositions by ".

Compositions by composer – Operas by composer – Symphonies by composer – Songs by composer

Music by performer

For categorizing music by performer, the format is: " works".

Albums by artist – Songs by artist

Visual arts

For categorizing articles of each type of work of an artist, the format is: "s by " (for example, Category:Paintings by Salvador Dalí). For categorizing subcategories of different types of work of an artist (for example, for paintings and sculpture), the format for the parent category is: "Works by Foo".

Paintings by artist – Sculptures by artist

Architecture

For categorizing architecture by architect, the format is: " buildings", with exceptions for architects involved in more than one type of work.

Buildings and structures by architect

Literature

For categorizing literature by writer, the format is: "s by ".

Works by writer – Novels by writer – Books by writer – Essay collections by writer – Essays by writer – Picture books by writer – Plays by writer – Poetry by writer – Short stories by writer – Short story collections by writer

Stage and screen

For categorizing stage and screen works by contributor, the format is: " by ".

Films by director – Films by screenwriter – Plays by writer – Television shows by writer

Name of the artist

The name used should match the name of the biography article about the person, including any disambiguator, e.g. Category:Books by Peter Carey (novelist). The only exceptions are categories for visual arts, where the name used for the artist may instead match usage within the articles on the works; e.g. Category:Paintings by Sergei Ivanovich Osipov does not have to follow the article name Sergei Osipov (artist).

Works of art categories by subject

Category names of a subject should match the name for that subject within articles and citations (including spelling and capitalisation), rather than the name of the Misplaced Pages article on the topic. For example:

Category:Entombment of Christ in art and Category:Paintings of the Entombment of Christ, although the generic parent Category:Burial of Jesus follows the article Burial of Jesus

Additionally, disambiguation is not always necessary if the subject is unambiguous. For example:

Category:Venus in art and Category:Temples of Venus, although the generic parent Category:Venus (mythology) follows the article Venus (mythology)

Notes

v t e Misplaced Pages categorization
Guidelines	Categorization Category names Categories, lists, and navigation templates Overcategorization Categorizing articles about people People by year Categorization/Sorting names Categorizing redirects User categories Overcategorization/User categories
Help pages	Basic help for readers Basic help for editors FAQ for readers FAQ for editors Container categories Categorizing portals Category classification templates Template index/Category namespace PetScan
Discussions	Categories for discussion Categories for discussion/Speedy Categories for discussion/All current discussions
Projectspace essays	Categories are different from articles Categories versus lists Categorising fictional characters by attribute Do not write articles using categories Overcategorization/Intersection of location and occupation Wiki workflow WikiProject Plants/Description in year categories
Userspace essays	DexDor/Terminology categories DexDor/Categorization of award recipients Alan Liefting/On categorisation Coder Dan/Categories gracefool/What is a category? Kbdank71/Wikiproject notification
Category:Misplaced Pages categorization Category:Contents WikiProject Categories

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