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'''James Lucas''' (1813 – 21 April 1874, Redcoats, near ], ]) was a celebrated English ] ] and ] who gained international renoun by his strange way of life. He was known as the '''Hermit of Hertfordshire'''. '''James Lucas''' (1813 – 21 April 1874) was a celebrated English ] eccentric and ] who gained international renown by his strange way of life.<ref>{{cite book|author-link=Joseph Irving|last=Irving|first=Joseph|chapter="Mad Lucas" the hermit|title=The Annals of Our Time from March 20, 1874, to the Occupation of Cyprus|page=3|year=1879|location=London|publisher=Macmillan|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e28BAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA3}} The protagonist "Mr. Mopes" of the 1861 story '']'' by Dickens is based upon James Lucas.</ref> He was known as the '''Hermit of Hertfordshire''' and '''Mad Lucas'''.


==Life== ==Life==
Lucas was an amiable eccentric landowner who was well educated, had studied medicine and was a good conversationalist. However his mother's death, in 1849, greatly accentuated his eccentricities. He became a complete ], and barricaded himself into his home. <ref name="Parishes"> A History of the County of Hertford: volume 3</ref>
<ref name="Lucas "/>


He refused to administer his mother's will, in which he inherited the family estate at Elmwood House near Redcoats Green, Hertfordshire, and deferred burial of her for three months. He developed a paranoid fear of his relatives. He locked himself in his mansion and allowed nothing in the building to be touched. It sank into a dilapidated and decaying condition. He lived solely in the kitchen, sleeping on a bed of ashes and soot. He went naked except for a blanket, enveloped in which he used to appear at his windows. He never washed and his hair grew to waist length. He lived on bread, cheese, eggs, red herrings and gin. His house became infested with rats and he kept his food in baskets hung from the ceiling to protect it from them. He always kept a gun at his side. <ref name="NYTimes"> NY Times obituary </ref> <ref name="Lucas "/> He loved to administer his mother's will, in which he inherited the family estate at Elmwood House near Redcoats Green, Hertfordshire, and deferred burial of her for three months. He developed a paranoid fear of his relatives. He locked himself in his mansion and allowed nothing in the building to be touched. It sank into a dilapidated and decaying condition. He lived solely in the kitchen, sleeping on a bed of ashes and soot. He went naked except for a blanket, enveloped in which he used to appear at his windows. He never washed and his hair grew to waist length. He lived on bread, cheese, eggs, ] and gin.<ref>Caufield, Catherine. (2006). ''The Man Who Ate Bluebottles: And Other Great British Eccentrics''. Icon Books. p. 125. {{ISBN|978-1840467772}}</ref> His house became infested with rats and he kept his food in baskets hung from the ceiling to protect it from them. He always kept a gun at his side.<ref name="Lucas"/><ref name="NYTimes">NY Times obituary</ref>


Lucas communicated with the world only through an iron grille and employed two armed watchmen who lived in a nearby hut. He was, however, quite willing to receive visitors, mostly tramps and children but increasingly the well-to-do who came to engage him in conversation. ] visited him and described him in his essay ''Tom Tiddler's Ground'', published in the 1861 Christmas Edition of his magazine ''All The Year Round''. Lucas communicated with the world only through an iron grille and employed two armed watchmen who lived in a nearby hut. He was, however, quite willing to receive visitors, mostly tramps and children but increasingly the well-to-do who came to engage him in conversation.


== Slave ownership ==
⚫ Lucas died of ] in 1874, having hoarded a considerable sum of money in his living room. <ref name="Parishes"/>
⚫ He is buried in the family grave in ] churchyard, London. <ref name="Lucas "> Hertfordshire Curiosities </ref>


According to the '']'' at the ], Lucas was awarded a payment as a slave trader in the aftermath of the ] with the ]. The British Government took out a £15 million loan (worth £{{formatprice|{{inflation|UK|15,000,000|1833}}}} in {{CURRENTYEAR}}{{Inflation-fn|UK|df=y}}) from ] and ] which was subsequently paid off by the British taxpayers (ending in 2015).<ref>{{Cite news|author=Kris Manjapra|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/mar/29/slavery-abolition-compensation-when-will-britain-face-up-to-its-crimes-against-humanity|title=When will Britain face up to its crimes against humanity?|date=29 March 2018|work=]|access-date=30 March 2018}}</ref> Lucas was associated with three different claims, two of which were successful, he owned 1121 slaves in ] and ], he received a £57,970 payment at the time (worth £{{formatprice|{{inflation|UK|57,970|1833}}}} in {{CURRENTYEAR}}{{Inflation-fn|UK|df=y}}).<ref>{{cite web |title=James Lucas|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/person/view/2146631109|publisher=]}} Retrieved on 20&nbsp;March 2019.</ref>
⚫ After his death 17 cartloads of dirt and ashes were removed from the house. <ref name="Lucas "/>


== Death and legacy ==
==Notes==


⚫ Lucas died of ] in 1874, having hoarded a considerable sum of money in his living room.<ref name="Parishes">A History of the County of Hertford: volume 3</ref>
<small>
⚫ He is buried in the family grave in ] churchyard, London.<ref name="Lucas">Hertfordshire Curiosities</ref>


⚫ After his death 17 cartloads of dirt and ashes were removed from the house.<ref name="Lucas"/>
<references/>


Lucas is the subject of the song ''Mad Lucas'' by ] on their 1993 album, '']''.
</small>


==References== ==Notes==
⚫ * From: 'Parishes: Great or Much Wymondley', A History of the County of Hertford: volume 3 (1912), pp. 181-185. URL: Date accessed: 10 February 2008.
⚫ *


{{reflist}}
⚫ *{{cite book |last=Lucas |first=John |authorlink= |coauthors= |editor= |others= |title=Hertfordshire Curiosities |origdate= |origyear=1990 |origmonth= |url= |format= |accessdate= |accessyear= |accessmonth= |edition= |series= |date= |year= |month= |publisher=Dovecote Press |location=Winborne, Dorset |language= |isbn=0946159750 |oclc= |doi= |id= |pages= |chapter=69 |chapterurl= |quote=The Hermit of Redcoats}}


==References==
⚫ *{{cite book |last=Whitmore |first=Richard |authorlink= |coauthors= |editor= |others= |title=Mad Lucas|origdate= |origyear=|origmonth= |url=http://richard-whitmore.info/mad-lucas.htm |format= |accessdate= |accessyear= |accessmonth= |edition= |series= |date= |year=1983 |month= |publisher=North Hertfordshire District Council and Hitchin Museum|location=|language= |isbn=0902755021 |oclc= |doi= |id= |pages= |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote=}}
⚫ * From: 'Parishes: Great or Much Wymondley', A History of the County of Hertford: volume 3 (1912), pp.&nbsp;181–185. URL: Date accessed: 10 February 2008.
⚫ *
⚫ *{{cite book |last=Lucas |first=John |author-link= |editor= |title=Hertfordshire Curiosities |year=1990 |url= |format= |edition= |series= |publisher=Dovecote Press |location=Winborne, Dorset |language= |isbn=0-946159-75-0 |oclc= |doi= |id= |pages= |chapter=69 |chapter-url= |quote=The Hermit of Redcoats}}
⚫ *{{cite book |last=Whitmore |first=Richard |author-link= |editor= |title=Mad Lucas |url=http://richard-whitmore.info/mad-lucas.htm |edition= |series= |year=1983 |publisher=North Hertfordshire District Council and Hitchin Museum |location= |language= |isbn=0-902755-02-1 |oclc= |doi= |id= |pages= |chapter= |chapter-url= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502162919/http://richard-whitmore.info/mad-lucas.htm |archive-date=2008-05-02 |url-status=dead }}


==External links== ==External links==
*{{cite web |url=http://www.hertfordshire-genealogy.co.uk/data/places/places-g/great-wymondley/great-wymondley-mad-lucas-hermit.htm |title=Place: Great Wymondley: James Lucas |website=hertfordshire-genealogy.co.uk}}
* by Charles Dickens at ]. Accessed February 2008
* - Dictionary of National Biography


{{DEFAULTSORT:Lucas, James}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lucas, James}}
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Latest revision as of 02:43, 26 June 2024

James Lucas, the Hermit of Hertfordshire

James Lucas (1813 – 21 April 1874) was a celebrated English Victorian eccentric and hermit who gained international renown by his strange way of life. He was known as the Hermit of Hertfordshire and Mad Lucas.

Life

He loved to administer his mother's will, in which he inherited the family estate at Elmwood House near Redcoats Green, Hertfordshire, and deferred burial of her for three months. He developed a paranoid fear of his relatives. He locked himself in his mansion and allowed nothing in the building to be touched. It sank into a dilapidated and decaying condition. He lived solely in the kitchen, sleeping on a bed of ashes and soot. He went naked except for a blanket, enveloped in which he used to appear at his windows. He never washed and his hair grew to waist length. He lived on bread, cheese, eggs, red herrings and gin. His house became infested with rats and he kept his food in baskets hung from the ceiling to protect it from them. He always kept a gun at his side.

Lucas communicated with the world only through an iron grille and employed two armed watchmen who lived in a nearby hut. He was, however, quite willing to receive visitors, mostly tramps and children but increasingly the well-to-do who came to engage him in conversation.

Slave ownership

According to the Legacies of British Slave-Ownership at the University College London, Lucas was awarded a payment as a slave trader in the aftermath of the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 with the Slave Compensation Act 1837. The British Government took out a £15 million loan (worth £1.8 billion in 2025) from Nathan Mayer Rothschild and Moses Montefiore which was subsequently paid off by the British taxpayers (ending in 2015). Lucas was associated with three different claims, two of which were successful, he owned 1121 slaves in British Guiana and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, he received a £57,970 payment at the time (worth £6.95 million in 2025).

Death and legacy

Lucas died of apoplexy in 1874, having hoarded a considerable sum of money in his living room. He is buried in the family grave in Hackney churchyard, London.

After his death 17 cartloads of dirt and ashes were removed from the house.

Lucas is the subject of the song Mad Lucas by The Breeders on their 1993 album, Last Splash.

Notes

  1. Irving, Joseph (1879). ""Mad Lucas" the hermit". The Annals of Our Time from March 20, 1874, to the Occupation of Cyprus. London: Macmillan. p. 3. The protagonist "Mr. Mopes" of the 1861 story Tom Tiddler's Ground by Dickens is based upon James Lucas.
  2. Caufield, Catherine. (2006). The Man Who Ate Bluebottles: And Other Great British Eccentrics. Icon Books. p. 125. ISBN 978-1840467772
  3. ^ Hertfordshire Curiosities
  4. NY Times obituary
  5. ^ UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
  6. Kris Manjapra (29 March 2018). "When will Britain face up to its crimes against humanity?". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  7. "James Lucas". University College London. Retrieved on 20 March 2019.
  8. A History of the County of Hertford: volume 3

References

  • From: 'Parishes: Great or Much Wymondley', A History of the County of Hertford: volume 3 (1912), pp. 181–185. URL: Date accessed: 10 February 2008.
  • NY Times obituary
  • Lucas, John (1990). "69". Hertfordshire Curiosities. Winborne, Dorset: Dovecote Press. ISBN 0-946159-75-0. The Hermit of Redcoats
  • Whitmore, Richard (1983). Mad Lucas. North Hertfordshire District Council and Hitchin Museum. ISBN 0-902755-02-1. Archived from the original on 2 May 2008.

External links

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