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| {{Short description|American shortening brand}} | |||
| ] | |||
| {{for multi|people with the surname|Crisco (surname)|the stream in the United States|Crisco Branch}} | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| {{use mdy dates|date=December 2020}} | |||
| '''Crisco''', a popular brand of ], was first produced in 1911 by ] and was the first shortening to be made entirely of ]. As such, Crisco is ] and may be considered appropriate for ] diets as it contains no animal products. | |||
| {{Infobox brand | |||
| When ] and ] started the company Procter & Gamble, they hired ] ] and developed the process to ] ], which ensures the ] remains solid at normal storage temperatures. The initial purpose was to create a cheaper substance to make ]s than the expensive ]s in use at the time. Electricity began to diminish the candle market, and since the product looked like ], they began selling it as a food. This product became known as Crisco, with the name deriving from the initial sounds of the expression "crystallized cottonseed oil". | |||
| | name = Crisco | |||
| | logo = Crisco logo.png | |||
| | image = Crisco can 2007.128.jpg | |||
| | caption = Vintage Crisco can | |||
| | producttype = {{ubl|]|]|]}} | |||
| | currentowner = ] | |||
| | country = United States | |||
| | introduced = {{start date and age|1911|06}} | |||
| | previousowners = {{ubl|] (1911–2002)|] (2002–2020)}} | |||
| | website = {{url|https://crisco.com/}} | |||
| }} | |||
| '''Crisco''' is an American brand of ] that is produced by ]. Introduced in June 1911<ref name="Giants"/> by ], it was the first shortening to be made entirely of ], originally ]. Additional products marketed under the Crisco brand include a ], various ]s, and other cooking oils, including ], ], ], ], and ]. | |||
| ==History== | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| The process of the ] of organic substances in gas form was developed by ] in the late 19th century. Building on ]'s 1890s work in the successful development of a consumable solid ] substitute, ], in the U.S.,<ref name="Holland">The ]; Holland, Michigan; 4 June 1935 (obituary); retrieved June 2010.</ref> the liquid form of hydrogenation was perfected and patented by ] in 1903.<ref name="Giants">Jackson & List (2007). , ''Inform'' 18.</ref> | |||
| ] acquired Normann's patent ostensibly for use in the production of soap. Their chief ], ], was hired by Procter & Gamble's business manager, ], and they patented two processes to hydrogenate ].<ref name="Giants"/> Although their initial intent was to completely harden oils for use as raw material for making soap, these processes ensured that the fat would remain solid at normal ] and could find use in the food industry.<ref name="Giants"/> | |||
| ⚫ | ] ] the Crisco (oil and shortening) brand |
||
| After rejecting the names "Krispo" and "Cryst" (the latter for its ]), Procter & Gamble called the product Crisco, a modification of the phrase "crystallized cottonseed oil".<ref name="Giants"/> They used ] that encouraged consumers not to be concerned about ingredients but to trust in a reliable ].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Veit|first=Helen Zoe|date=December 25, 2020|title=How Crisco toppled lard – and made Americans believers in industrial food|url=https://news.yahoo.com/crisco-toppled-lard-made-americans-154832350.html|access-date=2020-12-27|work=Yahoo News|agency=The Conversation|language=en-US}}</ref> Further success came from the marketing technique of giving away free cookbooks in which every recipe called for Crisco. | |||
| ] | |||
| ⚫ | Crisco vegetable oil was introduced in 1960. In 1976, Procter & Gamble introduced sunflower oil under the trade name Puritan Oil, which was marketed as a lower-] alternative. In 1988, Puritan Oil was switched to 100% ]. | ||
| ⚫ | In 2002, ] ] the Crisco (oil and shortening) brand, along with ], in a ] to their ]s; the two brands then immediately ] with the ]<ref>{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071028115232/http://www.smuckers.com/fc/newsroom/archive/jcris02.asp | date = October 10, 2001 | title = J.M. Smucker announces stock deal with P&G for JIF and Crisco: Smucker combines three #1 classic food brands | publisher = Smuckers.com | archive-date = October 28, 2007 | url = http://www.smuckers.com/fc/newsroom/archive/jcris02.asp }}</ref> | ||
| ] acquired the Crisco brand in December 2020.<ref>{{cite web | date = December 1, 2020 | title = B&G Foods Completes Acquisition of Iconic Crisco® Brand | publisher = bgfoods.com | url = https://www.bgfoods.com/investor-relations/news/article/13851 }}</ref> | |||
| ==Changes in fat content== | ==Changes in fat content== | ||
| ⚫ | In April 2004, Smucker introduced "Crisco Zero Grams ] Per Serving All-Vegetable Shortening", which contained fully hydrogenated palm oil blended with liquid vegetable oils to yield a shortening much like the original Crisco. From January 24, 2007, all Crisco shortening products were reformulated to contain less than one gram of trans fat per serving; the separately marketed trans fat-free version introduced in 2004 was consequently discontinued.<ref>{{cite web | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080218044416/http://www.crisco.com/about/shortening_0gramstransfat_faq.asp | archive-date = February 18, 2008| title = Frequently Asked Questions: I can't find the ''Crisco'' green can anywhere | publisher = Crisco.com | url=http://www.crisco.com/about/shortening_0gramstransfat_faq.asp}}</ref> {{As of|2022|10}}, Crisco consists of a blend of ], fully hydrogenated ], and palm oil. According to the product information label, one 12-g serving of Crisco contains 3.5 g of ], 0 g of trans fat, 6 g of ], and 2.5 g of ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=All-Vegetable Shortening |url=https://crisco.com/product/all-vegetable-shortening/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018193312/https://crisco.com/product/all-vegetable-shortening/ |archive-date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2022-10-18 |website=Crisco |language=en-US}}</ref> This reformulated Crisco is claimed to have the same cooking properties and flavor as the original version of the product.{{Citation needed|date=March 2018}} | ||
| According to the FDA, "Food manufacturers are allowed to list amounts of trans fat with less than 0.5 gram (1/2 g) per serving as 0 (zero) on the Nutrition Facts panel."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/qatrans2.html |title=FDA website |access-date=2006-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820083834/http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/qatrans2.html#s3q3 |archive-date=2006-08-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | In April 2004, Smucker introduced "Crisco Zero Grams ] Per Serving All-Vegetable Shortening |
||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| According to the , "Food manufacturers are allowed to list amounts of trans fat with less than 0.5 gram (1/2 g)per serving as 0 (zero) on the Nutrition Facts panel." | |||
| Some nutritionists{{who|date=December 2017}} argue that while the formula has been changed to remove the trans fatty acids, the ] used to replace them may not be good for health. Crisco and similar low-trans fat products are formed by the ] of a mixture of fully hydrogenated oils and partially hydrogenated oils. The composition of the resultant ] is random, and may contain combinations of fatty acids not commonly found in nature.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/society/2006/sep/27/health.food | title = Alex Renton investigates the health risks of trans fats: Grease is the word | author = Alex Renton | date = 27 September 2006 | newspaper = ] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://class.fst.ohio-state.edu/fst821/Lect/Inter.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20040415054736/http://class.fst.ohio-state.edu/fst821/Lect/Inter.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2004-04-15 | title = Unit FST 821: Food Lipids; Lecture notes: Interesterification | author = David B. Min | publisher = ] }}</ref> A recent study showed that interesterified fat increased volunteers' ] by 20%, while simultaneously lowering the body's ].<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/01/070116131545.htm | title = New Fat, Same Old Problem With An Added Twist? Replacement For Trans Fat Raises Blood Sugar In Humans | date = January 2007 | publisher = ] }}</ref> | |||
| ==Controversy== | |||
| Some nutritionists are already warning that Crisco's formula change may be nutritionally irrelevant. They argue that ] may not be any healthier than trans-fat containing partially hydrogenated oil. Crisco and similar low trans-fat products are formed by the ] of a mixture of fully hydrogenated oils and partially hydrogenated oils. The result is "artificial" insofar as the composition of the resultant triglycerides is random, and may contain combinations of fatty acids not commonly found in nature. <ref>http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2006/sep/27/health.food#article_continue</ref> | |||
| <ref>http://class.fst.ohio-state.edu/fst821/Lect/Inter.pdf</ref>. A recent study showed that interesterified fat increased volunteers' ] by 20 percent while simultaneously lowering the body's "good" ]. <ref>http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/01/070116131545.htm</ref> The rise in blood sugar is problematic since it increases the chance of developing ], already a growing problem in the US. | |||
| == |
==Kream Krisp== | ||
| ] | |||
| Crisco has properties that allow for many uses beyond its currently marketed purpose of cooking. | |||
| While Kayser's patents were filed in 1910 and granted in 1915, Hugh Moore, chief chemist for the ] in ], filed his patents by 1914 (granted 1914 and 1916). Berlin Mills's vegetable shortening (later trademarked in 1915 as Kream Krisp) appeared on the market in 1914.<ref name="Giants"/> Procter & Gamble became aware of the competition by February 1915. Burchenal contacted Berlin Mills claiming that they were infringing on P&G's patents and suggested they meet to discuss the issue. When this approach failed, P&G filed suit against Berlin Mills (see ''Berlin Mills Co. v. Procter & Gamble Co.'', 254 U.S. 156 (1920), also known as ''Procter and Gamble vs. the Brown Company'').<ref name="Giants"/>{{efn|In 1917 the Berlin Mills Co. became the ].<ref name="Giants"/>}} Procter and Gamble lost the suit, but they bought Kream Krisp in the mid-1920s.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.sia-web.org/chapters/nnec/pdf/Brown%20Paper%20Company%20by%20John%20Rule.pdf| title= Brown Paper Company| access-date= July 15, 2012}}{{dead link|date=August 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | |||
| As a household utility product it has many alternative uses, including: | |||
| *Removal of tar and lipstick from clothing. | |||
| *Removal of ink, grease and dirt from surfaces and hands. | |||
| *Revitalizing the surfaces of wooden utensils such as bowls and cutting boards. | |||
| *Shedding water and snow from weather gear such as galoshes and snow shovels. | |||
| *Preventing diaper rash. | |||
| *As a makeup base. | |||
| *As a hair grease. | |||
| ==Sexual use== | |||
| In addition to wood utensils, Crisco can be used for seasoning ].<ref>http://www.panman.com/cleaning.html</ref> | |||
| According to Drew Sawyer, in the 1970s, cans of Crisco were "...so synonymous with ] ] who engaged in ])] that discos and bars around the world took on the name, such as ] in New York City, one of the premiere clubs during the 1970s and early 1980s."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.columbia.edu/~sf2220/TT2007/web-content/Pages/drew2.html |last=Sawyer |first=Drew |title=Crisco or how to do queer with things |access-date=February 24, 2021}}</ref><ref name=":Gay8">{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Fisting, also called handballing, fist-fucking, brachiovaginal, or brachioproctic insertion |url=http://www.leatherpedia.org/fisting-also-called-handballing-fist-fucking-brachiovaginal-or-brachioproctic-insertion/ |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=Leatherpedia |language=en-US}}</ref> As a DJ booth, the club Crisco Disco constructed a giant, mock vintage can of Crisco.<ref name="8 Forgotten Hangouts">{{cite web |url=http://www.papermag.com/8-forgotten-hangouts-that-made-nyc-special-1427513337.html |last=Musto |first=Michael |title=8 Forgotten Hangouts That Made NYC Special |date=February 18, 2015 |access-date=8 March 2016}}</ref> | |||
| Crisco was prominently featured in ]s like '']'' (1980),<ref name=":Gay14">{{Cite web |title=Erotic Hands |url=https://gay.aebn.com/gay/movies/125210/erotic-hands |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=]}}</ref> before ] became available.<ref name="Gay:15">{{Cite journal |last=Barcelos |first=Chris A. |date=2023-05-04 |title=Adventures in fisting |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/share/DPWUMPWCVITJDH2EKU2R?target=10.1080/14681811.2022.2061441 |journal=] |language=en |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=279–286 |doi=10.1080/14681811.2022.2061441 |issn=1468-1811 |s2cid=248197422 |url-access=limited}}</ref> | |||
| Historical battle re-enactors sometimes use Crisco as a lubricating agent for ] balls, to retard the effects of black powder residue.<ref>http://www.civilwarguns.com/9110b.html</ref> | |||
| ==In art== | |||
| As a ], it has been popular for some 40 years, as it is long-lasting, cheap, and does not exude a strong odor. However, as with other oil-based lubricants such as ], it can degrade ] and is unsuitable for use with latex ]s.<ref></ref><ref></ref> | |||
| In 2013, ]-based artist Jerry Vile placed a 4-ft. tall can of Crisco in front of the fist-shaped '']'' for "helping to ease the pain of ]."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-08-08 |title=Detroit's massive jar of Crisco up for sale on eBay |url=https://www.michiganradio.org/offbeat/2013-08-08/detroits-massive-jar-of-crisco-up-for-sale-on-ebay |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olshansky |first=Clara |date=2013-07-31 |title=Artist Gives Detroit Crisco, "To Ease the Pain" |url=http://artfcity.com/2013/07/31/artist-gives-detroit-crisco-to-ease-the-pain/ |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=Art F City |language=en-US}}</ref> Many interpreted the can as a reference to ],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Broderick |first=Ryan |date=2013-07-31 |title=A Local News Station Posted A Fisting Joke On Their Facebook Page |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ryanhatesthis/a-local-news-station-posted-a-fisting-joke-on-their-facebook |access-date=2024-01-25 |website=] |language=en}}</ref> a sex act in which Crisco is sometimes used as lubricant.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barcelos |first=Chris A. |date=2023-05-04 |title=Adventures in fisting |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14681811.2022.2061441 |journal=] |language=en |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=279–286 |doi=10.1080/14681811.2022.2061441 |issn=1468-1811}}</ref> | |||
| ==See also == | |||
| ⚫ | * ] | ||
| ==Notes== | |||
| {{Notelist}} | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| <references/> | |||
| ==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| * |
* {{official website|https://crisco.com/}} | ||
| * | |||
| * | |||
| * | |||
| {{B&G Foods|state=collapsed}} | |||
| * | |||
| * | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
Latest revision as of 05:23, 26 September 2024
American shortening brand For people with the surname, see Crisco (surname). For the stream in the United States, see Crisco Branch.
 | |
 Vintage Crisco can | |
| Product type | |
|---|---|
| Owner | B&G Foods |
| Country | United States |
| Introduced | June 1911; 113 years ago (1911-06) |
| Previous owners |
|
| Website | crisco |
Crisco is an American brand of shortening that is produced by B&G Foods. Introduced in June 1911 by Procter & Gamble, it was the first shortening to be made entirely of vegetable oil, originally cottonseed oil. Additional products marketed under the Crisco brand include a cooking spray, various olive oils, and other cooking oils, including canola, corn, peanut, sunflower, and blended oils.
History
The process of the hydrogenation of organic substances in gas form was developed by Paul Sabatier in the late 19th century. Building on James Boyce's 1890s work in the successful development of a consumable solid lard substitute, Cottolene, in the U.S., the liquid form of hydrogenation was perfected and patented by Wilhelm Normann in 1903.
Joseph Crosfield and Sons acquired Normann's patent ostensibly for use in the production of soap. Their chief chemist, Edwin C. Kayser, was hired by Procter & Gamble's business manager, John Burchenal, and they patented two processes to hydrogenate cottonseed oil. Although their initial intent was to completely harden oils for use as raw material for making soap, these processes ensured that the fat would remain solid at normal storage temperatures and could find use in the food industry.
After rejecting the names "Krispo" and "Cryst" (the latter for its religious connotations), Procter & Gamble called the product Crisco, a modification of the phrase "crystallized cottonseed oil". They used advertising techniques that encouraged consumers not to be concerned about ingredients but to trust in a reliable brand. Further success came from the marketing technique of giving away free cookbooks in which every recipe called for Crisco.
Crisco vegetable oil was introduced in 1960. In 1976, Procter & Gamble introduced sunflower oil under the trade name Puritan Oil, which was marketed as a lower-cholesterol alternative. In 1988, Puritan Oil was switched to 100% canola oil.
In 2002, Procter & Gamble divested the Crisco (oil and shortening) brand, along with Jif peanut butter, in a spinoff to their stockholders; the two brands then immediately merged with the J. M. Smucker Co.
B&G Foods acquired the Crisco brand in December 2020.
Changes in fat content
In April 2004, Smucker introduced "Crisco Zero Grams Trans Fat Per Serving All-Vegetable Shortening", which contained fully hydrogenated palm oil blended with liquid vegetable oils to yield a shortening much like the original Crisco. From January 24, 2007, all Crisco shortening products were reformulated to contain less than one gram of trans fat per serving; the separately marketed trans fat-free version introduced in 2004 was consequently discontinued. As of October 2022, Crisco consists of a blend of soybean oil, fully hydrogenated palm oil, and palm oil. According to the product information label, one 12-g serving of Crisco contains 3.5 g of saturated fat, 0 g of trans fat, 6 g of polyunsaturated fat, and 2.5 g of monounsaturated fat. This reformulated Crisco is claimed to have the same cooking properties and flavor as the original version of the product.
According to the FDA, "Food manufacturers are allowed to list amounts of trans fat with less than 0.5 gram (1/2 g) per serving as 0 (zero) on the Nutrition Facts panel."
Some nutritionists argue that while the formula has been changed to remove the trans fatty acids, the fully hydrogenated oil used to replace them may not be good for health. Crisco and similar low-trans fat products are formed by the interesterification of a mixture of fully hydrogenated oils and partially hydrogenated oils. The composition of the resultant triglycerides is random, and may contain combinations of fatty acids not commonly found in nature. A recent study showed that interesterified fat increased volunteers' blood sugar by 20%, while simultaneously lowering the body's HDL cholesterol.
Kream Krisp
While Kayser's patents were filed in 1910 and granted in 1915, Hugh Moore, chief chemist for the Berlin Mills Company in Berlin, New Hampshire, filed his patents by 1914 (granted 1914 and 1916). Berlin Mills's vegetable shortening (later trademarked in 1915 as Kream Krisp) appeared on the market in 1914. Procter & Gamble became aware of the competition by February 1915. Burchenal contacted Berlin Mills claiming that they were infringing on P&G's patents and suggested they meet to discuss the issue. When this approach failed, P&G filed suit against Berlin Mills (see Berlin Mills Co. v. Procter & Gamble Co., 254 U.S. 156 (1920), also known as Procter and Gamble vs. the Brown Company). Procter and Gamble lost the suit, but they bought Kream Krisp in the mid-1920s.
Sexual use
According to Drew Sawyer, in the 1970s, cans of Crisco were "...so synonymous with gay sex that discos and bars around the world took on the name, such as Crisco Disco in New York City, one of the premiere clubs during the 1970s and early 1980s." As a DJ booth, the club Crisco Disco constructed a giant, mock vintage can of Crisco.
Crisco was prominently featured in pornographic films like Erotic Hands (1980), before specialized products became available.
In art
In 2013, Detroit-based artist Jerry Vile placed a 4-ft. tall can of Crisco in front of the fist-shaped Monument to Joe Louis for "helping to ease the pain of Detroit's bankruptcy." Many interpreted the can as a reference to fisting, a sex act in which Crisco is sometimes used as lubricant.
See also
Notes
- In 1917 the Berlin Mills Co. became the Brown Company.
References
- ^ Jackson & List (2007). "Giants of the Past: The Battle Over Hydrogenation (1903–1920)", Inform 18.
- The Holland Evening Sentinel; Holland, Michigan; 4 June 1935 (obituary); retrieved June 2010.
- Veit, Helen Zoe (December 25, 2020). "How Crisco toppled lard – and made Americans believers in industrial food". Yahoo News. The Conversation. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
- "J.M. Smucker announces stock deal with P&G for JIF and Crisco: Smucker combines three #1 classic food brands". Smuckers.com. October 10, 2001. Archived from the original on October 28, 2007.
- "B&G Foods Completes Acquisition of Iconic Crisco® Brand". bgfoods.com. December 1, 2020.
- "Frequently Asked Questions: I can't find the Crisco green can anywhere". Crisco.com. Archived from the original on February 18, 2008.
- "All-Vegetable Shortening". Crisco. Archived from the original on October 18, 2022. Retrieved October 18, 2022.
- "FDA website". Archived from the original on August 20, 2006. Retrieved August 20, 2006.
- Alex Renton (September 27, 2006). "Alex Renton investigates the health risks of trans fats: Grease is the word". The Guardian.
- David B. Min. "Unit FST 821: Food Lipids; Lecture notes: Interesterification" (PDF). Ohio State University. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 15, 2004.
- "New Fat, Same Old Problem With An Added Twist? Replacement For Trans Fat Raises Blood Sugar In Humans". Science Daily. January 2007.
- "Brown Paper Company" (PDF). Retrieved July 15, 2012.
- Sawyer, Drew. "Crisco or how to do queer with things". Retrieved February 24, 2021.
- "Fisting, also called handballing, fist-fucking, brachiovaginal, or brachioproctic insertion". Leatherpedia. 2017. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
- Musto, Michael (February 18, 2015). "8 Forgotten Hangouts That Made NYC Special". Retrieved March 8, 2016.
- "Erotic Hands". AEBN. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
- Barcelos, Chris A. (May 4, 2023). "Adventures in fisting". Sex Education. 23 (3): 279–286. doi:10.1080/14681811.2022.2061441. ISSN 1468-1811. S2CID 248197422.
- "Detroit's massive jar of Crisco up for sale on eBay". Michigan Public Media. August 8, 2013. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
- Olshansky, Clara (July 31, 2013). "Artist Gives Detroit Crisco, "To Ease the Pain"". Art F City. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
- Broderick, Ryan (July 31, 2013). "A Local News Station Posted A Fisting Joke On Their Facebook Page". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
- Barcelos, Chris A. (May 4, 2023). "Adventures in fisting". Sex Education. 23 (3): 279–286. doi:10.1080/14681811.2022.2061441. ISSN 1468-1811.
External links
| B&G Foods | |
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| People |
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| Current brands | |
| Licensed brands | |
| Former brands | |
| Related | |
