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| '''Azarbaijan''', '''Azerbaijan''' or '''Azerbayejan''', region, c.34,280 sq mi (88,785 sq km), NW Iran, divided into the provinces of East Azerbaijan (1996 pop. 3,325,540), West Azerbaijan (1996 pop. 2,496,320), and Ardabil. (1996 pop. 1,168,011). The chief cities include ] (the capital of East Azerbaijan), ] (the capital of West Azerbaijan), ] (the capital of Ardabil), ], and ] (Khvoy). The region is bounded in the N by ] and the ] (from which it is separated by the Aras River) and in the W by ] and ]. | |||
| Azarbaijan, which includes ], is mountainous, with deep valleys and fertile lowlands. Grains, fruits, cotton, rice, nuts, and tobacco are grown. Wool, carpets, and metalware are produced. Industries include food processing, cement, textiles, electric equipment, and sugar milling. An oil pipeline runs through the region. The majority of the people of Azarbaijan are Turkic-speaking Azeris of Iranian stock, who are ] Muslims. There are also ], ], ], and ]. | |||
| In ancient times, before the ] migration to ], Azarbaijan was dominated by the kings of Van and ] (in Armenia). By the 8th cent. B.C. it had been settled by the Iranian ], and it later formed the province of Media Minor in the ]. After ] the ] warlord conquered ], he appointed (328 B.C.) as governor the Persian general Atropates, who eventually established an independent dynasty. Later, the region, which came to be called Atropatene or Media Atropatene, was much disputed. In the 2d cent. B.C. it was liberated from ] domination by the Mithradates I, of ] and c.A.D. 226 it became part of ] Ardashir I's Empire. ] enlarged Azarbaijan by adding territory in the north kniown as Arran or Aran (today known as the Republic of ]). | |||
| Heraclius, the ] emperor, briefly held the region in the 7th cent., just before the ]; Arab invaders converted most of its people to Islam and made it part of the ]. The Persianized ] Turks dominated the region in the 11th and 12th cent., and the ] under Hulagu Khan established (13th cent.) their capital at ]. After being conquered by ] in the 14th cent., ] became an important provincial capital of the ]. It was out of ] (Ancient Artavilla) that the ] dynasty arose (c.1500) to renew the state of Persia. There was fierce fighting between the ] and Persia for Azarbaijan. After brief Ottoman control, ], regained control of the region in 1603. | |||
Latest revision as of 14:58, 22 August 2014
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