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{{Short description|Grand Prince of Kiev (r. 1236–1239; 1241–1243)}}
'''Mikhail Vsevolodovich''' (''Михаил Всеволодович'' in ]) (]? - ], ]) was the last prominent ruler of ] from the bloodline of ].
{{infobox royalty
| name = Michael of Chernigov
| full name = Mikhail Vsevolodovich of Chernigov
| image = Michael Chernigov.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Icon of Saint Michael of Chernigov, 17th century
| succession = ]
| reign1 = 1223–1235; 1242–1246
| predecessor1= ]<br />]
| successor1 = ]<br />]
| succession2 = ]
| reign2 = 1236–1239; 1241–1243
| predecessor2= ]<br />]
| successor2 = ]<br />]
| house = ]
| father = ]
| mother = Anastasia of Poland
| spouse = ]
| issue = Feodula<br/>]<br/>]<br/>]<br/>Mstislav of Karachev and Zvenigorod<br/>Simeon of Glukhov and Novosil<br/>Yury of Torusa and Bryansk
| birth_date = {{circa|lk=no| 1185}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date|1246|9|20|df=y}} (age 60-61)
| death_place =
}}
'''Mikhail Vsevolodovich'''<ref name='Dimnik'>{{cite book | last = Dimnik | first = Martin | title = The Dynasty of Chernigov - 1146-1246}}{{pn|date=March 2024}}</ref>{{efn|{{langx|ru|Михаил Всеволодович}}; {{langx|uk|Михайло Всеволодович}}.}} ({{circa|lk=no|1185}} – 20 September 1246), known as '''Michael''' or '''Mikhail of Chernigov''',{{sfn|Halperin|1987|p=174}}{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=141}}{{efn|{{langx|ru|Михаи́л Черни́говский|translit=Mikhail Chernigovskij}}; {{langx|uk|Миха́йло Чернігівський|translit=Mykhailo Chernihivs'kyj}}}} was ] (1236–1239; 1241–1243); he was also ] (1206), ] (1219–1226), ] (1223–1235; 1242–1246), ] (1225–1226; 1229–1230), and ] (1235–1236).<ref name='Dimnik'/>


Archaeological evidence reveals that Chernigov towns enjoyed an unprecedented degree of prosperity during his period which suggests that promoting ] was a priority for him.<ref name='Dimnik'/> Commercial interests, in part, also motivated him to seize control of ] and ] because they were channels through which goods from the ] valley and ] passed to Chernigov.<ref name='Dimnik'/> He also negotiated commercial treaties and political alliances with the ] and the ].<ref name='Dimnik'/> He alleviated the ] of the ] and granted their ]s greater political freedom from the prince.<ref name='Dimnik'/>
==Life== ]
]


During the ] (1237–1242), Mikhail was defeated and had to flee;{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=164}} in 1246, he was executed by ].{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=xviii}}
Mikhail was the only known son of ] by a Polish princess. In ] he participated in the fateful ], where his uncle died, leaving ] to him. In ] and ] he was documented as the prince of ]. In ] he conspired with ] and took ] from his brother-in-law ]. Two years later, he left Halych to his son and occupied ].


== Legacy ==
At that time ], who was devastating ], sent his envoys to Mikhail and demanded his unconditional submission. Mikhail ordered the envoys to be killed and escaped to ] and then to ]. He returned to ] in ], after the ] hordes had passed westward.
=== ''Vita'' of Michael of Chernigov ===
A ] of Michael of Chernigov was written some time after his death, describing his life in detail, and framing his execution as ].{{sfn|Halperin|1987|p=174}} It is unclear when this account was written (at least after the Mongol census in Suzdalia and Novgorod in 1257–59{{sfn|Halperin|1987|p=51, 174}}), and how historically reliable it is.{{sfn|Halperin|1987|p=174}} Mikhail's death is briefly mentioned in the Older Recension of '']'' (compiled {{circa}} 1275), in the '']'' (compiled 1377), and in the '']'' (compiled {{circa}} 1425), but the full text of the ''vita'' is not found in these manuscripts.{{sfn|Halperin|1987|p=174}} It is not until the Younger Recension of the ''Novgorod First Chronicle'' (compiled {{circa}} 1450) that an extensive narrative of his demise appears,{{sfn|Halperin|1987|p=174}} stating that the bodies of Mikhail and Fedor were thrown to the dogs; but as a sign of divine favor, their bodies remained unmolested and pillars of fire hovered over them.<ref name='Dimnik'/> The '']'' (compiled {{circa}} 1550) added even more text to Mikhail's ''vita'', including claims that the Mongols already established a system of military governors and tax collectors in all cities of Kievan Rus' in 1237–1240, which is historically very unlikely.{{sfn|Halperin|1987|p=51}}


=== Carpine account ===
The Mongols, however, viewed him with suspicion. In order to gain their license for ], Mikhail went to the court of Batu Khan in 1241. He was ordered by the Mongols to worship fire, and, refusing to take part in a pagan ritual, was stabbed to death. After the ] declared him saint, his relics were taken from Chernihiv and placed in the ] of ].
], an Italian ] who travelled through the lands of former Kievan Rus' in the late 1240s, wrote the following account of his death in the '']'':


{{Blockquote|(…) when Michael, one of the princes of Russia, came to submit to Bati, the Tartars first tried to make him pass between two fires. After this they said that he should bow south to Chingis Khan, but he replied that he would gladly bow to Bati and his servants but not to the image of a dead man because this is improper for a Christian. When he was repeatedly told through his son Yaroslav that he must bow, and yet he refused, Bati ordered Prince Michael killed if he would not bow. Prince Michael of Chernigov was passed between fires in accordance with ancient Turco-Mongol tradition. Batu Khan sent to stab him to death for his refusal to do obeisance to Chingis Khaan's shrine in the pagan ritual imposed by the conqueror. The prince replied that he "preferred to die rather than do what was wrong". Bati sent Michael to one of his followers who trampled on his chest with his boots until the prince died. Meanwhile the prince comforted one of his soldiers who stood near by him by saying: 'Be strong because your punishment will not last long and then at once eternal joy will follow.' After this his head was cut off quickly with a knife. The soldier, to tell the truth, also had his head cut off with a knife.<ref>{{cite book | last = DiPlano Carpini | first = Giovanni | title = The Story of the Mongols whom We Call the Tartars }}</ref>}}
==Progeny==


== Genealogy ==
Numerous Russian princely family, such as ], ], ], and ], claimed descent from Mikhail of Chernihiv. While there is nothing improbable in such a descendance, Mikhail's only documented son was Rostislav (1225-61). Following his father's death, he lived at the court of his father-in-law, Bela IV. He served as the Hungarian governor (]) of ] and ]. Shortly before his death Rostislav moved to ], where he proclaimed himself ].
=== Marriage and children ===
Michael married once and had several children.
*] (or Maria Romanovna) (m. 1210 or 1211), a daughter of prince ] and his wife, Predslava Rurikovna of Kiev<ref name='Dimnik'/>
#Feodula Mikhailovna (1212 – 1250); became a nun and adopted the religious name Evfrosinia;<ref name='Dimnik'/>
#Duke ] (b. c. 1225 – 1262);<ref name='Dimnik'/>
#] (? – 7 or 9 December 1271), wife of Prince ] of Rostov;<ref name='Dimnik'/>
#Prince ] (c. 1218 – after 1288/1305);<ref name='Dimnik'/>
#Prince Mstislav Mikhailovich of Karachev and Zvenigorod<ref name='Dimnik'/> (1220 – 1280);
#Prince Simeon Mikhailovich of Glukhov and Novosil;<ref name='Dimnik'/>
#Prince Yury Mikhailovich of Torusa and Bryansk.<ref name='Dimnik'/>


=== Ancestors ===
:1. Rostislav Mikhailovich, Prince of Chernihiv, Tsar of Bulgaria, *1225, +1262; md 1243 Anna of Hungary (*1226/27, +ca 1270)
{{ahnentafel
:1.1 Bela, Prince of Bosnia, +November 1272
|collapsed=yes |align=center
:1.2 Michael, Ban of Serbia, Tsar of Bulgaria, +ca 1272; md a daughter of Tsar ]
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
:1.2.1 ], Tsar of Bulgaria 1279-80, +ca 1302; md 1278 :1.2.1.2.1 Irene Asanina; md ca 1350 Georgios Philanthropenos, archon of Lemnos
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
:1.2.1.3 Maria Asanina; md ]
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
:1.2.1.4 Anna Asanina; md Michael Dukas Angelos
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
:1.2.2 Maria; md Tsar ] (+1292)
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
:1.3 Agrippina, +ca 1305; md 1265 ], Prince of Krakow (*1240/42, +1288) Irene Palaiologina, daughter of Emperor ]
|1= 1. '''Mikhail Vsevolodovich '''
:1.2.1.1 Andronikos Asanes, despot of Morea; md a daughter of Michael Dukas
|2= 2. ]
:1.2.1.1.1 Irene Asanina; md ca 1320 Emperor ] (*1292, +15.03.1382)
|3= 3. Maria/Anastasia of Poland
:1.2.1.2 Isaakos Asanes, +ca 1351; md ca 1320 a daughter of ]
|4= 4. ]
|5= 5. ]
|6= 6. ]
|7= 7. ]
|8= 8. ]
|9= 9. ]
|10= 10. Vasilko Sviatoslavich, prince of Polotsk
|11=
|12= 12. ]
|13= 13. ]
|14= 14. ]
|15= 15. ]
}}


=== Descendants ===
:1.4 Elisaveta, +ca 1298; md 1stly 1258 Tsar ] (*ca 1238, +1259); md 2ndly Tsar ] (+1258); md 3rdly May 1260 Moys II Daroy, Palatine of Hungary (*ca 1210, +1281)
{{See also|Upper Oka Principalities}}
:1.5 Kunigunda, *1245, +09.09.1285; md 1stly 25.10.1261 King [[Otakar II of Bohemia|Premysl
The later ] of the 14th and 15th centuries were reigned by the "upper princes", each of which descended from Mikhail Vsevolodovich of Chernigov.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rusyna |first1=Olena Volodymyrivna|authorlink1= |date=2003 |title=] |chapter=Верховські князі |trans-chapter=Upper princes |chapter-url=http://resource.history.org.ua/cgi-bin/eiu/history.exe?&I21DBN=EIU&P21DBN=EIU&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=eiu_all&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=TRN=&S21COLORTERMS=0&S21STR=Verkhovski_kniazi |location=Kyiv |publisher=] |pages=494 |isbn=966-00-0734-5 |access-date=20 February 2024 |lang=uk}}</ref>
Otakar II]] of Bohemia (*ca 1233, +26.08.1278); md 2ndly 02.06.1284 Zavish von Falkenstein-Rostenberg (+24.08.1290)


In the second half of the 19th century, many family branches stemming from Mikhail flourished: the Baryatinsky, the ]y, the ], the Eletskie, the Zvenigorodskie, the Koltsovy-Mosalskie, the ], the Odoevskie, and the Shcherbatovy.<ref name='Dimnik'/>
]
]
]
]
]


==Notes==
]
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

== Bibliography ==
=== Primary sources ===
* ], '']'' (1240s)
** Modern edition: DiPlano Carpini, Giovanni ''(Author)'' - Hildinger, Erik ''(Translator)'': ''The Story of the Mongols whom We Call the Tartars''; Branden Publishing Company, Inc, 1996, Boston, MA; {{ISBN|0-8283-2017-9}}.
* '']'' (1290s; oldest copy '']'' {{circa}} 1425)
** {{in lang|uk}} (years 1245–1260). (interpreted by Leonid Makhnovets)
** {{cite book| first=George A. |last=Perfecky |title=The Hypatian Codex Part Two: The Galician–Volynian Chronicle. An annotated translation by George A. Perfecky |location=Munich |publisher=Wilhelm Fink Verlag |year=1973 |oclc=902306}} (pages 52–53 relate the death of Michael of Chernigov)
* ''Suzdal'–Vladimirian Chronicle'' (1305; oldest copy '']'' 1377) (L. 165 ''sub anno'' 6754 (1246) relates the death of Michael of Chernigov)

=== Scholarly literature ===
* Dimnik, Martin, ''Mikhail, Prince of Chernigov and Grand Prince of Kiev, 1224–1246'' (1981). pp. 215. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers. ISBN 978-0888440525.
* Dimnik, Martin, ''The Dynasty of Chernigov, 1146–1246'' (2003). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-521-03981-9}}.
* {{cite book |last=Halperin|first=Charles J.|year=1987| title=Russia and the Golden Horde: The Mongol Impact on Medieval Russian History |pages=222 |publisher=Indiana University |isbn=9781850430575}} (e-book).
* {{cite book |title=Medieval Russia: 980–1584. Second Edition. E-book |last=Martin |first=Janet |url=https://www.ebooks.com/en-us/book/802816/medieval-russia-980-1584/janet-martin/ |year=2007 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=978-0-511-36800-4}}
* Vernadsky, George, ''Kievan Russia''; Yale University Press, 1948, New Haven and London; {{ISBN|0-300-01647-6}}.

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou| Olgovichi family||{{circa|lk=no|1185}}|20 September|1246}}
{{succession box|title=]|before=]|years= 1206|after=]}}
{{succession box |title=] |before= ] |years=1219–1226|after= Oleg Svyatoslavich}}
{{succession box |title=]|before=]|years=1223–1235|after=]}}
{{succession box|title=]|before=Vsevolod Yuryevich|years= 1225–1226|after=]}}
{{succession box|title=]|before= Fedor Yaroslavich and ]|years= 1229–1230|after=]}}
{{succession box |title=]|before=]|years=1235–1236|after=]}}
{{succession box |title=]|before=]|years=1236–1239|after=]}}
{{succession box |title=]|before=''(Tatar officials appointed by ])''|years=1241–1243|after=]}}
{{succession box |title=]|before=]|years=1242–1246|after=]}}
{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Michael of Chernigov}}
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Latest revision as of 20:42, 9 December 2024

Grand Prince of Kiev (r. 1236–1239; 1241–1243)
Michael of Chernigov
Icon of Saint Michael of Chernigov, 17th century
Prince of Chernigov
Reign1223–1235; 1242–1246
PredecessorMstislav II Svyatoslavich
Mstislav III Glebovich
SuccessorMstislav III Glebovich
Roman Mikhailovich
Grand Prince of Kiev
Reign1236–1239; 1241–1243
PredecessorYaroslav II of Vladimir
Daniel of Galicia
SuccessorDaniel of Galicia
Yaroslav II of Vladimir
Bornc. 1185
Died(1246-09-20)20 September 1246 (age 60-61)
SpouseElena Romanovna
IssueFeodula
Rostislav of Macsó
Maria
Roman of Chernigov and Bryansk
Mstislav of Karachev and Zvenigorod
Simeon of Glukhov and Novosil
Yury of Torusa and Bryansk
Names
Mikhail Vsevolodovich of Chernigov
HouseOlgovichi
FatherVsevolod IV of Kiev
MotherAnastasia of Poland

Mikhail Vsevolodovich (c. 1185 – 20 September 1246), known as Michael or Mikhail of Chernigov, was Grand Prince of Kiev (1236–1239; 1241–1243); he was also Prince of Pereyaslavl (1206), Novgorod-Seversk (1219–1226), Chernigov (1223–1235; 1242–1246), Novgorod (1225–1226; 1229–1230), and Galicia (1235–1236).

Archaeological evidence reveals that Chernigov towns enjoyed an unprecedented degree of prosperity during his period which suggests that promoting trade was a priority for him. Commercial interests, in part, also motivated him to seize control of Halych and Kiev because they were channels through which goods from the Rhine valley and Hungary passed to Chernigov. He also negotiated commercial treaties and political alliances with the Poles and the Hungarians. He alleviated the tax burden of the Novgorodians and granted their boyars greater political freedom from the prince.

During the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' (1237–1242), Mikhail was defeated and had to flee; in 1246, he was executed by Batu Khan.

Legacy

Vita of Michael of Chernigov

A hagiography vita of Michael of Chernigov was written some time after his death, describing his life in detail, and framing his execution as martyrdom. It is unclear when this account was written (at least after the Mongol census in Suzdalia and Novgorod in 1257–59), and how historically reliable it is. Mikhail's death is briefly mentioned in the Older Recension of Novgorod First Chronicle (compiled c. 1275), in the Laurentian Codex (compiled 1377), and in the Hypatian Codex (compiled c. 1425), but the full text of the vita is not found in these manuscripts. It is not until the Younger Recension of the Novgorod First Chronicle (compiled c. 1450) that an extensive narrative of his demise appears, stating that the bodies of Mikhail and Fedor were thrown to the dogs; but as a sign of divine favor, their bodies remained unmolested and pillars of fire hovered over them. The Nikon Chronicle (compiled c. 1550) added even more text to Mikhail's vita, including claims that the Mongols already established a system of military governors and tax collectors in all cities of Kievan Rus' in 1237–1240, which is historically very unlikely.

Carpine account

Giovanni da Pian del Carpine, an Italian papal legate who travelled through the lands of former Kievan Rus' in the late 1240s, wrote the following account of his death in the Ystoria Mongalorum:

(…) when Michael, one of the princes of Russia, came to submit to Bati, the Tartars first tried to make him pass between two fires. After this they said that he should bow south to Chingis Khan, but he replied that he would gladly bow to Bati and his servants but not to the image of a dead man because this is improper for a Christian. When he was repeatedly told through his son Yaroslav that he must bow, and yet he refused, Bati ordered Prince Michael killed if he would not bow. Prince Michael of Chernigov was passed between fires in accordance with ancient Turco-Mongol tradition. Batu Khan sent to stab him to death for his refusal to do obeisance to Chingis Khaan's shrine in the pagan ritual imposed by the conqueror. The prince replied that he "preferred to die rather than do what was wrong". Bati sent Michael to one of his followers who trampled on his chest with his boots until the prince died. Meanwhile the prince comforted one of his soldiers who stood near by him by saying: 'Be strong because your punishment will not last long and then at once eternal joy will follow.' After this his head was cut off quickly with a knife. The soldier, to tell the truth, also had his head cut off with a knife.

Genealogy

Marriage and children

Michael married once and had several children.

  1. Feodula Mikhailovna (1212 – 1250); became a nun and adopted the religious name Evfrosinia;
  2. Duke Rostislav Mikhailovich of Macsó (b. c. 1225 – 1262);
  3. Maria Mikhailovna (? – 7 or 9 December 1271), wife of Prince Vasilko Konstantinovich of Rostov;
  4. Prince Roman Mikhailovich of Chernigov and Bryansk (c. 1218 – after 1288/1305);
  5. Prince Mstislav Mikhailovich of Karachev and Zvenigorod (1220 – 1280);
  6. Prince Simeon Mikhailovich of Glukhov and Novosil;
  7. Prince Yury Mikhailovich of Torusa and Bryansk.

Ancestors

Ancestors of Michael of Chernigov
8. Vsevolod II Olgovich, grand prince of Kiev
4. Sviatoslav III Vsevolodovich, grand prince of Kiev
9. Maria Mstislavna of Kiev
2. Vsevolod IV Sviatoslavich, grand prince of Kiev
10. Vasilko Sviatoslavich, prince of Polotsk
5. Maria Vasilkovna of Polotsk
1. Mikhail Vsevolodovich
12. Bolesław III, duke of Poland
6. Casimir II, prince of Cracow
13. Salomea of Berg
3. Maria/Anastasia of Poland
14. Conrad II of Znojmo
7. Helena of Znojmo
15. Marija of Rascia

Descendants

See also: Upper Oka Principalities

The later Upper Oka Principalities of the 14th and 15th centuries were reigned by the "upper princes", each of which descended from Mikhail Vsevolodovich of Chernigov.

In the second half of the 19th century, many family branches stemming from Mikhail flourished: the Baryatinsky, the Gorchakovy, the Dolgorukie, the Eletskie, the Zvenigorodskie, the Koltsovy-Mosalskie, the Obolenskie, the Odoevskie, and the Shcherbatovy.

Notes

  1. Russian: Михаил Всеволодович; Ukrainian: Михайло Всеволодович.
  2. Russian: Михаи́л Черни́говский, romanizedMikhail Chernigovskij; Ukrainian: Миха́йло Чернігівський, romanizedMykhailo Chernihivs'kyj

References

  1. ^ Dimnik, Martin. The Dynasty of Chernigov - 1146-1246.
  2. ^ Halperin 1987, p. 174.
  3. Martin 2007, p. 141.
  4. Martin 2007, p. 164.
  5. Martin 2007, p. xviii.
  6. Halperin 1987, p. 51, 174.
  7. Halperin 1987, p. 51.
  8. DiPlano Carpini, Giovanni. The Story of the Mongols whom We Call the Tartars.
  9. Rusyna, Olena Volodymyrivna (2003). "Верховські князі" [Upper princes]. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. Volume 1 (in Ukrainian). Kyiv: Institute of History of Ukraine. p. 494. ISBN 966-00-0734-5. Retrieved 20 February 2024.

Bibliography

Primary sources

  • Giovanni da Pian del Carpine, Ystoria Mongalorum (1240s)
    • Modern edition: DiPlano Carpini, Giovanni (Author) - Hildinger, Erik (Translator): The Story of the Mongols whom We Call the Tartars; Branden Publishing Company, Inc, 1996, Boston, MA; ISBN 0-8283-2017-9.
  • Galician–Volhynian Chronicle (1290s; oldest copy Hypatian Codex c. 1425)
    • (in Ukrainian) Galician-Volhynian Chronicle (years 1245–1260). (interpreted by Leonid Makhnovets)
    • Perfecky, George A. (1973). The Hypatian Codex Part Two: The Galician–Volynian Chronicle. An annotated translation by George A. Perfecky. Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag. OCLC 902306. (pages 52–53 relate the death of Michael of Chernigov)
  • Suzdal'–Vladimirian Chronicle (1305; oldest copy Laurentian Codex 1377) (L. 165 sub anno 6754 (1246) relates the death of Michael of Chernigov)

Scholarly literature

  • Dimnik, Martin, Mikhail, Prince of Chernigov and Grand Prince of Kiev, 1224–1246 (1981). pp. 215. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers. ISBN 978-0888440525.
  • Dimnik, Martin, The Dynasty of Chernigov, 1146–1246 (2003). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-03981-9.
  • Halperin, Charles J. (1987). Russia and the Golden Horde: The Mongol Impact on Medieval Russian History. Indiana University. p. 222. ISBN 9781850430575. (e-book).
  • Martin, Janet (2007). Medieval Russia: 980–1584. Second Edition. E-book. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-36800-4.
  • Vernadsky, George, Kievan Russia; Yale University Press, 1948, New Haven and London; ISBN 0-300-01647-6.
Michael of Chernigov Olgovichi familyBorn: c. 1185 Died: 20 September 1246
Preceded byYaroslav Vsevolodovich Prince of Pereyaslavl
1206
Succeeded byVladimir III of Kiev
Preceded byMstislav Svyatoslavich Prince of Novgorod-Seversk
1219–1226
Succeeded byOleg Svyatoslavich
Preceded byMstislav II Svyatoslavich Prince of Chernigov
1223–1235
Succeeded byMstislav III Glebovich
Preceded byVsevolod Yuryevich Prince of Novgorod
1225–1226
Succeeded byYaroslav Vsevolodovich
Preceded byFedor Yaroslavich and Aleksandr Yaroslavich Prince of Novgorod
1229–1230
Succeeded byRostislav Mikhailovich
Preceded byDaniil Romanovich Prince of Halych
1235–1236
Succeeded byRostislav Mikhailovich
Preceded byYaroslav Vsevolodovich Grand Prince of Kiev
1236–1239
Succeeded byDaniil Romanovich
Preceded by(Tatar officials appointed by Batu Khan) Grand Prince of Kiev
1241–1243
Succeeded byYaroslav Vsevolodovich
Preceded byRostislav Mikhailovich Prince of Chernigov
1242–1246
Succeeded byRoman Mikhailovich
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