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{{short description|Day of the week}}
{{Refimprove|date=December 2008}}
{{other}} {{Other uses}}
{{Redirect|Sábado|the Portuguese news magazine|Sábado (magazine)}}
], 16th century]]


'''Saturday''' is the ] between ] and ]. No later than the ], the Romans named Saturday {{lang|la|diēs Sāturnī}} ("Saturn's Day") for the god ]. His planet, ], controlled the first ] of that day, according to ].<ref name=days>{{citation |last=Falk |first=Michael |title=Astronomical Names for the Days of the Week |url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1999JRASC..93..122F |journal=Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada |volume=93 |pages=122–133 |date=June 1999|bibcode=1999JRASC..93..122F }}</ref><ref name=VettiusValens>{{citation |author=Vettius Valens |author-link=Vettius Valens |translator-last=Riley |translator-first=Mark |title=Anthologies |url=https://www.csus.edu/indiv/r/rileymt/Vettius%20Valens%20entire.pdf |publisher=Sacramento State |year=2010 |orig-year=150–175 |pages=11–12}}</ref> The day's name was introduced into ] and is recorded in the ] languages such as ] {{lang|gml|satersdach}}, ''saterdach'', ] {{lang|dum|saterdag}} (Modern Dutch {{lang|nl|zaterdag}}), and Old English {{lang|ang|Sæternesdæġ}}, ''Sæterndæġ'' or {{lang|ang|Sæterdæġ}}.<ref>{{cite book|editor=Hoad, TF|title=The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology|date=1993|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-283098-8|page=|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/conciseoxforddic00tfho/page/418}}</ref>
]


==Origins==
'''Saturday''' ({{IPAEng|ˈsætɚdeɪ, ˈsætɚdi, ˈsætədeɪ, ˈsætədi}} {{audio|En-us-Saturday.ogg|Listen}}) is the day of the week between ] and ]. Saturday is considered either the sixth or seventh ].
{{unreferenced|section|date=March 2024}}
{{see also|Names of the days of the week}}
]
Between the 1st and 3rd centuries AD, the ] gradually replaced the eight-day ] ] with the seven-day week. The astrological order of the days was explained by ] and ] (and ] gave the same explanation in his '']''). According to these authors, it was a principle of ] that the heavenly bodies presided, in succession, over the hours of the day. The association of the weekdays with the respective deities is thus indirect, the days are named for the planets, which were in turn named for the deities.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Richmond |first=B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wwEVAAAAIAAJ&dq=modern%20calendar&pg=PP8 |title=Time Measurement and Calendar Construction |date=1956 |publisher=Brill Archive |language=en}}</ref>


The ] adapted the system introduced by the Romans but glossed their ] over the Roman deities in a process known as '']''. In the case of Saturday, however, the Roman name was ] directly by West Germanic peoples, apparently because none of the Germanic gods was considered to be a counterpart of the Roman god ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saturday {{!}} Etymology of the name Saturday by etymonline |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/Saturday |access-date=2024-11-24 |website=www.etymonline.com |language=en}}</ref> Otherwise ] and ] did not borrow the name of the Roman god (Icelandic {{lang|is|laugardagur}}, German {{lang|de|Samstag}}).
It was named no later than the second century for the planet (]), which controlled the first hour of that day according to ]. The planet was named for the ] god of agriculture ]. It has been called ''dies Saturni'' ("Saturn's Day"), through which form it entered into Old English as ''Sæternesdæg'' and gradually evolved into the word "Saturday".


In the ], Saturdays are days on which the ] (]) and ] are commemorated, and the day on which ] are especially offered, in remembrance that it was on a Saturday that Jesus lay dead in the ]. The ] contains hymns on these themes, arranged in an eight-week cycle, that are chanted on Saturdays throughout the year. At the end of services on Saturday, the ] begins with the words: "May Christ our True God, through the ]s of his most-pure Mother, of the holy, glorious and right victorious ]s, of our reverend and God-bearing ]…". For the Orthodox, Saturday — with the sole exception of ] — is never a strict ]. When a Saturday falls during one of the fasting seasons (], ], ], ]) the fasting rules are always lessened to an extent. The ] of the ] and the ] are normally observed as strict fast days, but if they fall on a Saturday or Sunday, the fast is lessened.
Saturday is the only ] in which the English name comes from ]. The English names of all of the other days of the week come from ]. In ], Saturday is ], based on ], the ] God manifested in the planet Saturn. In the ] of ], the day is named from the ] word for Saturn, and the color associated with Saturday is ]. The ] also name this day for Saturn: ] ''an Satharn'' or ''dia Sathuirn'', ] ''Disathairne'', ] ''dydd Sadwrn'', ] ''Sadorn'' or ''disadorn''.


==Name and associations==
In ] Law Saturday is the seventh day ]. Thus, in many languages the Saturday is named after the Sabbath. ] churches distinguish between the Sabbath (Saturday) and the ] (Sunday). Roman Catholics put so little emphasis on that distinction that many among them follow &ndash; at least in colloquial language &ndash; the ] practice of calling Sunday the sabbath (see ]). ] traditionally refer to Saturday as "Seventh Day" eschewing the "]" origin of the name. In ], Fridays are holidays, however they are considered as the sixth day of the week.


Today, Saturday has two names in modern ]. The first word, {{lang|de|Samstag}}, is always used in ], ], and the German-speaking part of ], and generally used in southern and western ]. It derives from ] {{lang|goh|sambaztac}}, the first part (''sambaz'') of which derives from ] {{lang|el|Σάββατο}}, {{transliteration|el|sávvato}} and this Greek word derives from ] {{lang|he|שבת}}, {{transliteration|he|]}}. However, the current German word for Sabbath is {{lang|de|Sabbat}}. The second name for Saturday in German is {{lang|de|Sonnabend}}, which derives from Old High German {{lang|goh|sunnunaband}}, and is closely related to the ] word {{lang|ang|sunnanæfen}}. It means literally "Sun eve", i.e., "The day before Sunday". {{lang|de|Sonnabend}} is generally used in northern and eastern Germany, and was also the official name for Saturday in ]. Even if these two names are used regionally differently, they are usually understood at least passively in the other part.
In the ] Saturdays are days on which the ] (]) and ] are commemorated, The day is also a general day of ], because it was on a Saturday that Jesus lay dead in the ]. The ] contains hymns on these themes, arranged in an eight-week cycle, that are chanted on Saturdays throughout the year. At the end of services on Saturday, the ] begins with the words: "May Christ our True God, through the ]s of his most-pure Mother, of the holy, glorious and right victorious ]s, of our reverend and God-bearing ]…". For the Orthodox, Saturday is never a strict ]. When a Saturday falls during one of the fasting seasons (], ], ], ]) the fasting rules are always lessened to an extent. The ] of the ] and the ] are normally observed as strict fast days, but if they fall on a Saturday or Sunday, the fast is lessened.


In West there are also two words for Saturday. In Wood Frisian it is {{lang|fy|saterdei}}, and in Clay Frisian it is {{lang|fy|sneon}}, derived from {{lang|fy|snjoen}}, a combination of Old Frisian {{lang|ofs|sunne}}, meaning ''sun'' and ''joen'', meaning eve.
In ]n countries, Saturday is called ''Lördag'' or ''Laurdag'', the name being derived from the old word '']/laug'' (hence ] name ''Laugardagur''), meaning bath, thus ''Lördag'' equates to bath-day. This is due to the ] usage of bathing on Saturdays.


In the ]n dialects of ], in ] and in the ], Saturday is called {{lang|stq|Satertag}}, also akin to ] {{lang|nl|zaterdag}}, which has the same linguistic roots as the English word ''Saturday''. It was formerly thought that the English name referred to a deity named ''Sætere'' who was venerated by the pre-Christian peoples of north-western Germany, some of whom were the ancestors of the ]. Sætere was identified as either a god associated with the ] of possible ] origin,<ref>Palgrave, Francis, ''History of the Anglo-Saxons'' (1876), William Tegg & Co., London p.43</ref> or another name for ]<ref></ref> a complex deity associated with both good and evil; this latter suggestion may be due to ].<ref>Grimm, Jacob, '''' (1835), translated by James Steven Stallybrass in 1882 from '']'', George Bell, London, p. 247.</ref> Regardless,modern dictionaries derive the name from ''Saturn''.<ref>"Saturday", Oxford English Dictionary, Third Edition (2008).</ref><ref>, Merriam-Webster Dictionary (2013).</ref><ref>, American Heritage Dictionary, Fifth Edition (2011).</ref><ref>. Online Etymology Dictionary, accessed 2013.</ref>
Today, Saturday is officially called ''Samstag'' in all ]-speaking countries, however, there are two names for this day in modern ]. ''Samstag'' is always used in ], ], the German speaking part of ] and generally used in southern and western ]. It derives from ] ''sambaztac'', which itself derives from ] ''Σάββατο'', and this Greek word derives from ] ''שבת'' (]). However, the current German word for sabbath is ''Sabbat''. The second name for Saturday in German is ''Sonnabend'', which derives from Old High German ''sunnunaband'', and is closely related to the ] word ''sunnanæfen''. It means literally "Sun eve", i.e. "The day before Sunday". ''Sonnabend'' is generally used in northern and eastern Germany, and was also the official name for Saturday in ]. In the ]n dialects of ], in ] and in the ], Saturday is called ''Satertag'', also akin to ] ''Zaterdag'', which has the same linguistic roots as the English word Saturday.


In most ], Saturday is {{lang|hi-latn|Shanivāra}}, {{lang|hi-latn|vāra}} meaning day, based on ], the ] god manifested in the planet ]. Some ] fast on Saturdays to reverse the ill effects of Shani as well as pray to and worship the deity ].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://pujayagna.com/blogs/hindu-fasting-days/fasting-in-hinduism | title=Hindu Fasting }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.learnreligions.com/hindu-deities-rituals-for-week-1770073 | title=Weekly Rituals in the Practice of Hinduism }}</ref> In the ] of ], the day is named from the ] word for Saturn, and the ] associated with Saturday is ].<ref>Segaller, Denis (2005). ''Thai Ways.'' Bangkok: Silkworm Books. ISBN 9781628400083.</ref> In ], Saturday is {{lang|ur-latn|Hafta}}, meaning the week. In Eastern Indian languages like Bengali Saturday is called {{lang|bn|শনিবার}}, {{transliteration|bn|Shonibar}} meaning Saturn's Day and is the first day of the Bengali Week in the ].
Similarly, the ] follow the ] usage, so that their word for "Saturday" is also a variation on "Sabbath": the ] is ''sabato,'' the ] is ''samedi,'' the ] and ] is ''sábado'' and the ] is ''sâmbătă.''
In ], Fridays are considered as the last or penultimate day of the week and are holidays along with ]s or Saturdays; Saturday is called {{lang|ar|سبت}}, {{transliteration|ar|Sabt}} (cognate to ]) and it is the first day of the week in many ] but the Last Day in other Islamic countries such as ], ], ], ].


In ], the word Saturday is {{lang|ja|土曜日}}, {{transliteration|ja|doyōbi}}, meaning 'soil day' and is associated with {{lang|ja|土星}}, {{transliteration|ja|dosei}}: Saturn (the planet), literally meaning "soil star". Similarly, in ] the word Saturday is {{lang|ko|토요일}}, {{transliteration|ko|tho yo il}}, also meaning earth day. The element Earth was associated with the planet Saturn in Chinese astrology and philosophy.
The modern ] name for it, Rahoroi, means "washing-day". For other languages, see ].


The modern ] name for Saturday, {{lang|mi|rāhoroi}}, literally means "washing-day" – a vestige of early ] life when Māori converts would set aside time on the Saturday to wash their whites for ] on Sunday.<ref>, Kupu o te Rā</ref> A common alternative Māori name for Saturday is the transliteration {{lang|mi|hātarei}}.
== Position in the week ==
The three ], via their original languages, regard Saturday as the seventh ] (] via ], ] via ], and ] via ]) by naming Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday as the second through sixth days of the week. This is concordant with the European ] tradition, which named the days of the week after the seven ] (in order ], ], ], ], ], ], ]), naming the first day of the week for the Sun, perceived as most important, and moving to those perceived as lesser.


] traditionally referred to Saturday as "Seventh Day", eschewing the "]" origin of the name.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://iymc.org/calendarnames.html |title=Guide to Quaker Calendar Names |author=<!--Not stated--> |publisher=Iowa Yearly Meeting (Conservative) Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) |access-date=30 March 2017 |quote=In the 20th Century, many Friends began accepting use of the common date names, feeling that any pagan meaning has been forgotten. The numerical names continue to be used, however, in many documents and more formal situations."}}</ref>
All ] derive their name for Saturday from ] (e.g. Czech/Slovak/Polish: '''sobota'''; Russian: '''суббота''', ''subbota''; Serbian/Ukrainian: '''субота''', ''subota'') due to the pre-Christian belief that Saturday is the day of the dead and thus spent in silence and not named.


In ]n countries, Saturday is called {{lang|sv|lördag}}, {{lang|no|lørdag}}, or {{lang|nn|laurdag}}, the name being derived from the old word '']/laug'' (hence ] name {{lang|is|Laugardagur}}), meaning bath, thus ''Lördag'' equates to bath-day. This is due to the ] practice of bathing on Saturdays.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Vikings : facts and fictions|last=Wolf, Kirsten, 1959–|others=Mueller-Vollmer, Tristan|isbn=9781440862984|location=Santa Barbara, California|oclc=1035771932|year = 2018}}</ref> The roots ''lör'', ''laugar'' and so forth are cognate to the English word '']'', in the sense of detergent. The ] and ] names for the day, {{lang|fi|lauantai}} and {{lang|et|laupäev}}, respectively, are also derived from this term.
A similar numbering trend is also exhibited by the ].


==Position in the week==
Beginning in the twentieth century, many Europeans have considered Saturday the sixth (penultimate) day of the week, and Sunday the last.{{Fact|date=June 2007}} This current European ]-oriented convention has been formalized by ] which is used by businesses such as airlines in drawing up timetables, etc.
{{see also|Gregorian calendar}}
The international standard ] sets Saturday as the sixth day of the week.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ISO 8601-1:2019(en) Date and time — Representations for information interchange — Part 1: Basic rules |url=https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/en/#iso:std:iso:8601:-1:ed-1:v1:en |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=www.iso.org}}</ref> The three ] (], ], and ]) regard Saturday as the seventh ]. As a result, many refused the ISO 8601 standards and continue to use Saturday as their seventh day.


==Saturday Sabbath==
==Activities==
{{See also|Shabbat|Sabbath in seventh-day churches|Sabbath in Christianity}}
*Saturday is the official day of rest in ], on which all government offices and most businesses, including some public transportation, are closed
For ], ], ] and ]s, the seventh day of the week, known as ] (or ] for Seventh-day Adventists), stretches from sundown Friday to nightfall Saturday and is the day of rest. ] and ] churches distinguish between Saturday (Sabbath) and the ] (Sunday). Other Protestant groups, such as Seventh-day Adventists, hold that the Lord's Day is the Sabbath, according to the fourth commandment (Exodus 20:8), and not Sunday.
*Saturday is the usual day for elections in ] and the only day in ] on which elections can be held, and also the preferred election day in the US state of ].
*In many countries where Sundays are holidays, Saturday is part of the ], and is traditionally a day of relaxation.
*] is a notable television time block aimed at children while airing generally animated ].
* Many parties are held on Saturdays, because it precedes Sunday, another day of rest and there's no work. It is common for clubs, bars and restaurants to be open later on Saturday night than on other nights. Thus "Saturday Night" has come to imply the party scene, and has lent its name to the films '']'', which showcased ] ]s, '']'', as well as many songs (see below).
* Saturday night is also a popular time slot for comedy shows on television. The most famous of these is '']'', a skit show that has aired on NBC nearly every week since 1975. Other notable examples include '']''. This practise lent its name to the film '']'', starring ].
*In folklore, Saturday was the preferred day to hunt ], because on that day they were restricted to their coffins. It was also believed in the ] that someone born on Saturday could see a vampire when it was otherwise invisible, and that such people were particularly apt to become ]s.<ref>{{cite book|author=McClelland, Bruce A.|title=Slayers and Their Vampires: A Cultural History of Killing the Dead|publisher=]|date=2006|pages=62-79|isbn=9780472069231}}</ref><ref name=dimitr>{{cite web|author=Димитрова, Иваничка|date=1983|title=Българска народна митология|url=http://umotvorenia.bgrod.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=132&Itemid=46|language=Bulgarian}}</ref> Accordingly, in this context, people born on Saturday were specially designated as ''sabbatianoí'' in ]<ref name=summers>{{cite book|author=Abbott, George F.|date=1903|title=Macedonian Folklore|pages=221-222}} In {{cite book|author=Summers, Montague|origyear=1929|title=The Vampire: His Kith and Kin|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=fpaCCyGuMqwC&pg=PA36&lpg=PA36|date=2008|publisher=Forgotten Books|page=36}}</ref> and ''sâbotnichavi'' in ]<ref name=dimitr/>; the term has been rendered in English as "]s".<ref name=summers/>
*The amount of criminal activities that take place on Saturday nights has led to the expression, ] a ] ] term used in the United States and Canada for any inexpensive handgun.
*The ] ] is traditionally held on the last Saturday in September. Saturday afternoon (2:10pm) is also the traditional timeslot for an Australian Rules football match, although modern television schedules and other factors mean there are now many other timeslots in which games are played as well as on Saturday afternoons.
*A large majority of football league games are played in the UK on a Saturday.
*In ], ] the Holiday 'Good Saturday' is celebrated by everybody giving a cake to each other


{{blockquote|But the seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work.|source= Exodus 20:10 King James Version}}
==Saturday in popular culture==

*In the folk rhyme '']'', "Saturday's child works hard for a living".
==Holy Saturday==
*'']'' is a single-panel ] by ].

Christian religious observance in the ], before ].

==Catholic liturgy and devotions on each Saturday==

In the Catholic Church, Saturday is dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://aleteia.org/2020/05/16/why-are-saturdays-dedicated-to-the-Virgin-Mary/ | title=Aleteia }}</ref>

In the Catholic devotion of the ], the Joyful Mysteries are meditated on Saturday and also on Monday throughout the year.

==Astrology==
{{Main article|Saturn (astrology)}}
In ], Saturn is associated with Saturday, its planet's symbol ], and the astrological signs ] and ].

==In popular culture==
{{original research section|date=January 2018}}

===Regional customs===
* In most countries, Saturday is a ] day (see ]).
* In ], elections must take place on a Saturday.<ref name="Australia Electoral Act">{{cite web |url=http://www6.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdb/au/legis/act/consol_act/ea1992103/ |title=Electoral Act 1992, s.100–101 |date=1992 |website=www6.austlii.edu.au |access-date=19 February 2019}}</ref>
* In ], Saturday is the official ],<ref name="Basic Law Israel">{{cite web |url=http://knesset.gov.il/laws/special/eng/BasicLawNationState.pdf |title=Basic Law: Israel – the Nation State of the Jewish People |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=19 July 2018 |website=knesset.gov.il |access-date=19 February 2019 |archive-date=27 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227201211/https://knesset.gov.il/laws/special/eng/BasicLawNationState.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> on which all government offices and most businesses, including some public transportation, are closed.
* In ], Saturday is the last day of the week and is the only official weekly holiday.<ref name="BharatOnline Holidays in Nepal">{{cite web |url=http://www.bharatonline.com/nepal/travel-tips/holidays-in-nepal.html |title=Holidays in Nepal |website=bharatonline.com |access-date=19 February 2019}}</ref>
* In ], Saturday is the only day on which elections can be held.<ref name="New Zealand Electoral Act 1993">{{cite web |url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1993/0087/latest/DLM309482.html |title=Electoral Act 1993, section 139(1)(b) |date=1993 |website=www.legislation.govt.nz |access-date=19 February 2019}}</ref>
* In ] and ], Saturday has usually been the only day of the week when especially younger children are allowed to eat ], {{lang|sv|]}} in ] and {{lang|no|lørdagsgodtteri}} in ]. This tradition was introduced to limit ], utilizing the results of the infamous ] between 1945 and 1955.<ref name="Godis är inget vi skojar om">{{cite news |last=Mildner |first=Anders |date=26 January 2014 |title=Godis är inget vi skojar om |trans-title=Candy is nothing we joke about |url=https://www.sydsvenskan.se/2014-01-25/godis-ar-ingen-vi-skojar-om |language=sv |work=Sydsvenskan |location=Malmö, Sweden |access-date=19 February 2019 }}</ref> (See ].)
* In the ] of ], Saturday is the preferred election day.<ref name="Louisiana Election Code">{{cite web |url=https://www.sos.la.gov/ElectionsAndVoting/PublishedDocuments/ElectionCode.pdf |title=State of Louisiana Election Code, §402. Dates of primary and general elections |pages=91–93 |date=2018 |website=www.sos.la.gov |access-date=19 February 2019}}</ref>

===Slang===
* The amount of criminal activities that take place on Saturday nights has led to the expression, "]", a ] ] term used in the United States and Canada for any inexpensive handgun.

===Arts, entertainment, and media===
====Comics and periodicals====
* '']'' is a single-panel ] by ].
* '']'' * '']''
*'']'' * '']'' (Canada)
* '']''
*] from the album ].

====Films====
* The association of Saturday night with comedy shows on television lent its name to the film '']'', starring ].
* It is common for clubs, bars and restaurants to be open later on Saturday night than on other nights. Thus "Saturday Night" has come to imply the party scene, and has lent its name to the films '']'', which showcased ] ]s, '']'', as well as many songs (see below).

====Folk rhymes and folklore====
* In the folk rhyme '']'', "Saturday's child works hard for a living".
* In another rhyme reciting the days of the week, ] "Died on Saturday".
* In folklore, Saturday was the preferred day to hunt ], because on that day they were restricted to their coffins. It was also believed in the ] that someone born on Saturday could see a vampire when it was otherwise invisible, and that such people were particularly apt to become ]s.<ref>{{cite book|author=McClelland, Bruce A.|title=Slayers and Their Vampires: A Cultural History of Killing the Dead|publisher=]|year=2006|pages=62–79|isbn=978-0-472-06923-1}}</ref><ref name=dimitr>{{cite web|author=Димитрова, Иваничка|year=1983|title=Българска народна митология|url=http://umotvorenia.bgrod.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=132&Itemid=46|language=bg|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308095558/http://umotvorenia.bgrod.org/index.php?id=132&itemid=46&option=com_content&task=view|archive-date=2016-03-08}}</ref> Accordingly, in this context, people born on Saturday were specially designated as {{lang|el-latn|sabbatianoí}} in ]<ref name=summers>{{cite journal|author=Abbott, George F.|year=1903|title=Macedonian Folklore|journal=Nature|volume=69|issue=1780|url=https://archive.org/details/MacedonianFolklore|pages=221–222|bibcode=1903Natur..69Q.125.|doi=10.1038/069125a0|s2cid=3987217|doi-access=free}} In {{cite book|author=Summers, Montague|orig-year=1929|title=The Vampire: His Kith and Kin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fpaCCyGuMqwC&pg=PA36|year=2008|publisher=Forgotten Books|page=36|isbn=9781605065663}}</ref> and {{lang|bg-latn|sâbotnichavi}} in ];<ref name=dimitr/> the term has been rendered in English as "]s".<ref name=summers/>

====Music====
;Groups
* ] is a female pop group

;Songs
* The ] popular song "''Bobo Waro Fero Satodeh''" ("Everybody Loves Saturday Night") became internationally famous in the 1950s and was sung translated into many languages<ref>{{cite book|last=Silverman|first=Jerry|title=Songs That Made History Around the World|year=1993|publisher=Mel Bay|isbn=978-1-56222-585-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2YRlmJS5VawC&q=%22bobo+waro+fero+satodeh%22&pg=PA63|access-date=2012-07-30|page=62}}</ref>
* ] from the album '']''
* ] from the album '']''
* "]" is a song by ]
* "Saturday Night" is a song by the ] from '']''
* "]" is an ] song
* "]" is a ] song.

====Television====
* ] is a notable television time block aimed at children while generally airing animated ], although in the United States, this has generally been phased out due to American television regulations ] be aired, along with Saturday outside activities for children{{Citation needed|date=March 2015}}
* Saturday night is also a popular time slot for comedy shows on television in the US. The most famous of these is '']'', a sketch comedy show that has aired on NBC nearly every week since 1975. Other notable examples include '']''.
* The Grand Final of the popular pan-European TV show, '']'', has always aired on a Saturday in May.
* Saturday evenings are a time slot in the ], devoted to popular TV shows such as '']'', '']'', and '']''. Many family game shows, for example ''Total Wipeout'' and ''Hole in the Wall'', also air on a Saturday evening.
* Saturday night is a popular time for ] on television in the United States. '']'' ran weekly under various titles between 1971 and 2000. ] ran '']'' television specials between 1985 and 1992, with a second run coming between 2006 and 2008. '']'' has run weekly since 2023.

====Video games====
*'']'' – Published by Capcom Wrestling, 1993 video game
*'']''

===Sports===
* In the ], Saturday is the day most domestic fixtures of football are played.
* In the United States, most regular season ] games are played on Saturday. Saturday is also a common day for ] games. Most ] events organized by the ] occur on Saturday.


==See also== ==See also==
*] * ]
* ], a series of bushfires in Victoria, Australia
* ], a day to honor ]
* ], the day before ]
* ], the day before ]; part of the ]
* ]


==References== ==References==
{{Commons category}}{{Wikiquote}}{{Wiktionary|Saturday}}
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}


{{Days of the week}}
{{Days_of_the_week}}


{{Authority control}}
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Latest revision as of 00:46, 20 December 2024

Day of the week For other uses, see Saturday (disambiguation). "Sábado" redirects here. For the Portuguese news magazine, see Sábado (magazine).
Saturnus, Caravaggio, 16th century

Saturday is the day of the week between Friday and Sunday. No later than the 2nd century, the Romans named Saturday diēs Sāturnī ("Saturn's Day") for the god Saturn. His planet, Saturn, controlled the first hour of that day, according to Vettius Valens. The day's name was introduced into West Germanic languages and is recorded in the Low German languages such as Middle Low German satersdach, saterdach, Middle Dutch saterdag (Modern Dutch zaterdag), and Old English Sæternesdæġ, Sæterndæġ or Sæterdæġ.

Origins

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See also: Names of the days of the week
Saturday is named after the planet Saturn, which in turn was named after the Roman god Saturn

Between the 1st and 3rd centuries AD, the Roman Empire gradually replaced the eight-day Roman nundinal cycle with the seven-day week. The astrological order of the days was explained by Vettius Valens and Dio Cassius (and Chaucer gave the same explanation in his Treatise on the Astrolabe). According to these authors, it was a principle of astrology that the heavenly bodies presided, in succession, over the hours of the day. The association of the weekdays with the respective deities is thus indirect, the days are named for the planets, which were in turn named for the deities.

The Germanic peoples adapted the system introduced by the Romans but glossed their indigenous gods over the Roman deities in a process known as interpretatio germanica. In the case of Saturday, however, the Roman name was borrowed directly by West Germanic peoples, apparently because none of the Germanic gods was considered to be a counterpart of the Roman god Saturn. Otherwise Old Norse and Old High German did not borrow the name of the Roman god (Icelandic laugardagur, German Samstag).

In the Eastern Orthodox Church, Saturdays are days on which the Theotokos (Mother of God) and All Saints are commemorated, and the day on which prayers for the dead are especially offered, in remembrance that it was on a Saturday that Jesus lay dead in the tomb. The Octoechos contains hymns on these themes, arranged in an eight-week cycle, that are chanted on Saturdays throughout the year. At the end of services on Saturday, the dismissal begins with the words: "May Christ our True God, through the intercessions of his most-pure Mother, of the holy, glorious and right victorious Martyrs, of our reverend and God-bearing Fathers…". For the Orthodox, Saturday — with the sole exception of Holy Saturday — is never a strict fast day. When a Saturday falls during one of the fasting seasons (Great Lent, Nativity Fast, Apostles' Fast, Dormition Fast) the fasting rules are always lessened to an extent. The Great Feast of the Exaltation of the Cross and the Beheading of St. John the Baptist are normally observed as strict fast days, but if they fall on a Saturday or Sunday, the fast is lessened.

Name and associations

Today, Saturday has two names in modern Standard German. The first word, Samstag, is always used in Austria, Liechtenstein, and the German-speaking part of Switzerland, and generally used in southern and western Germany. It derives from Old High German sambaztac, the first part (sambaz) of which derives from Greek Σάββατο, sávvato and this Greek word derives from Hebrew שבת, Shabbat. However, the current German word for Sabbath is Sabbat. The second name for Saturday in German is Sonnabend, which derives from Old High German sunnunaband, and is closely related to the Old English word sunnanæfen. It means literally "Sun eve", i.e., "The day before Sunday". Sonnabend is generally used in northern and eastern Germany, and was also the official name for Saturday in East Germany. Even if these two names are used regionally differently, they are usually understood at least passively in the other part.

In West Frisian there are also two words for Saturday. In Wood Frisian it is saterdei, and in Clay Frisian it is sneon, derived from snjoen, a combination of Old Frisian sunne, meaning sun and joen, meaning eve.

In the Westphalian dialects of Low Saxon, in East Frisian Low Saxon and in the Saterland Frisian language, Saturday is called Satertag, also akin to Dutch zaterdag, which has the same linguistic roots as the English word Saturday. It was formerly thought that the English name referred to a deity named Sætere who was venerated by the pre-Christian peoples of north-western Germany, some of whom were the ancestors of the Anglo-Saxons. Sætere was identified as either a god associated with the harvest of possible Slav origin, or another name for Loki a complex deity associated with both good and evil; this latter suggestion may be due to Jacob Grimm. Regardless,modern dictionaries derive the name from Saturn.

In most languages of India, Saturday is Shanivāra, vāra meaning day, based on Shani, the Hindu god manifested in the planet Saturn. Some Hindus fast on Saturdays to reverse the ill effects of Shani as well as pray to and worship the deity Hanuman. In the Thai solar calendar of Thailand, the day is named from the Pali word for Saturn, and the color associated with Saturday is purple. In Pakistan, Saturday is Hafta, meaning the week. In Eastern Indian languages like Bengali Saturday is called শনিবার, Shonibar meaning Saturn's Day and is the first day of the Bengali Week in the Bengali calendar. In Islamic countries, Fridays are considered as the last or penultimate day of the week and are holidays along with Thursdays or Saturdays; Saturday is called سبت, Sabt (cognate to Sabbath) and it is the first day of the week in many Arab countries but the Last Day in other Islamic countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Central Asian countries.

In Japanese, the word Saturday is 土曜日, doyōbi, meaning 'soil day' and is associated with 土星, dosei: Saturn (the planet), literally meaning "soil star". Similarly, in Korean the word Saturday is 토요일, tho yo il, also meaning earth day. The element Earth was associated with the planet Saturn in Chinese astrology and philosophy.

The modern Māori name for Saturday, rāhoroi, literally means "washing-day" – a vestige of early colonized life when Māori converts would set aside time on the Saturday to wash their whites for Church on Sunday. A common alternative Māori name for Saturday is the transliteration hātarei.

Quakers traditionally referred to Saturday as "Seventh Day", eschewing the "pagan" origin of the name.

In Scandinavian countries, Saturday is called lördag, lørdag, or laurdag, the name being derived from the old word laugr/laug (hence Icelandic name Laugardagur), meaning bath, thus Lördag equates to bath-day. This is due to the Viking practice of bathing on Saturdays. The roots lör, laugar and so forth are cognate to the English word lye, in the sense of detergent. The Finnish and Estonian names for the day, lauantai and laupäev, respectively, are also derived from this term.

Position in the week

See also: Gregorian calendar

The international standard ISO 8601 sets Saturday as the sixth day of the week. The three Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) regard Saturday as the seventh day of the week. As a result, many refused the ISO 8601 standards and continue to use Saturday as their seventh day.

Saturday Sabbath

See also: Shabbat, Sabbath in seventh-day churches, and Sabbath in Christianity

For Jews, Messianics, Seventh Day Baptists and Seventh-day Adventists, the seventh day of the week, known as Shabbat (or Sabbath for Seventh-day Adventists), stretches from sundown Friday to nightfall Saturday and is the day of rest. Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches distinguish between Saturday (Sabbath) and the Lord's Day (Sunday). Other Protestant groups, such as Seventh-day Adventists, hold that the Lord's Day is the Sabbath, according to the fourth commandment (Exodus 20:8), and not Sunday.

But the seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work.

— Exodus 20:10 King James Version

Holy Saturday

Christian religious observance in the Holy Week, before Easter Sunday.

Catholic liturgy and devotions on each Saturday

In the Catholic Church, Saturday is dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary.

In the Catholic devotion of the Holy Rosary, the Joyful Mysteries are meditated on Saturday and also on Monday throughout the year.

Astrology

Main article: Saturn (astrology)

In astrology, Saturn is associated with Saturday, its planet's symbol , and the astrological signs Capricorn and Aquarius.

In popular culture

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Regional customs

Slang

  • The amount of criminal activities that take place on Saturday nights has led to the expression, "Saturday night special", a pejorative slang term used in the United States and Canada for any inexpensive handgun.

Arts, entertainment, and media

Comics and periodicals

Films

Folk rhymes and folklore

  • In the folk rhyme Monday's Child, "Saturday's child works hard for a living".
  • In another rhyme reciting the days of the week, Solomon Grundy "Died on Saturday".
  • In folklore, Saturday was the preferred day to hunt vampires, because on that day they were restricted to their coffins. It was also believed in the Balkans that someone born on Saturday could see a vampire when it was otherwise invisible, and that such people were particularly apt to become vampire hunters. Accordingly, in this context, people born on Saturday were specially designated as sabbatianoí in Greek and sâbotnichavi in Bulgarian; the term has been rendered in English as "Sabbatarians".

Music

Groups
Songs

Television

Video games

Sports

See also

References

  1. Falk, Michael (June 1999), "Astronomical Names for the Days of the Week", Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, 93: 122–133, Bibcode:1999JRASC..93..122F
  2. Vettius Valens (2010) , Anthologies (PDF), translated by Riley, Mark, Sacramento State, pp. 11–12
  3. Hoad, TF, ed. (1993). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. Oxford University Press. p. 418a. ISBN 0-19-283098-8.
  4. Richmond, B. (1956). Time Measurement and Calendar Construction. Brill Archive.
  5. "Saturday | Etymology of the name Saturday by etymonline". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
  6. Palgrave, Francis, History of the Anglo-Saxons (1876), William Tegg & Co., London p.43
  7. Couzens, Reginald C., The Stories of the Months and Days (1923), ch.22
  8. Grimm, Jacob, Teutonic Mythology (1835), translated by James Steven Stallybrass in 1882 from Deutsche Mythologie, George Bell, London, p. 247.
  9. "Saturday", Oxford English Dictionary, Third Edition (2008).
  10. "Saturday", Merriam-Webster Dictionary (2013).
  11. "Saturday", American Heritage Dictionary, Fifth Edition (2011).
  12. "Saturday". Online Etymology Dictionary, accessed 2013.
  13. "Hindu Fasting".
  14. "Weekly Rituals in the Practice of Hinduism".
  15. Segaller, Denis (2005). Thai Ways. Bangkok: Silkworm Books. ISBN 9781628400083.
  16. Rāhoroi - Saturday, Kupu o te Rā
  17. "Guide to Quaker Calendar Names". Iowa Yearly Meeting (Conservative) Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). Retrieved 30 March 2017. In the 20th Century, many Friends began accepting use of the common date names, feeling that any pagan meaning has been forgotten. The numerical names continue to be used, however, in many documents and more formal situations."
  18. Wolf, Kirsten, 1959– (2018). The Vikings : facts and fictions. Mueller-Vollmer, Tristan. Santa Barbara, California. ISBN 9781440862984. OCLC 1035771932.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  19. "ISO 8601-1:2019(en) Date and time — Representations for information interchange — Part 1: Basic rules". www.iso.org. Retrieved 2024-05-14.
  20. "Aleteia".
  21. "Electoral Act 1992, s.100–101". www6.austlii.edu.au. 1992. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
  22. "Basic Law: Israel – the Nation State of the Jewish People" (PDF). knesset.gov.il. 19 July 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
  23. "Holidays in Nepal". bharatonline.com. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
  24. "Electoral Act 1993, section 139(1)(b)". www.legislation.govt.nz. 1993. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
  25. Mildner, Anders (26 January 2014). "Godis är inget vi skojar om" [Candy is nothing we joke about]. Sydsvenskan (in Swedish). Malmö, Sweden. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
  26. "State of Louisiana Election Code, §402. Dates of primary and general elections" (PDF). www.sos.la.gov. 2018. pp. 91–93. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
  27. McClelland, Bruce A. (2006). Slayers and Their Vampires: A Cultural History of Killing the Dead. University of Michigan. pp. 62–79. ISBN 978-0-472-06923-1.
  28. ^ Димитрова, Иваничка (1983). "Българска народна митология" (in Bulgarian). Archived from the original on 2016-03-08.
  29. ^ Abbott, George F. (1903). "Macedonian Folklore". Nature. 69 (1780): 221–222. Bibcode:1903Natur..69Q.125.. doi:10.1038/069125a0. S2CID 3987217. In Summers, Montague (2008) . The Vampire: His Kith and Kin. Forgotten Books. p. 36. ISBN 9781605065663.
  30. Silverman, Jerry (1993). Songs That Made History Around the World. Mel Bay. p. 62. ISBN 978-1-56222-585-8. Retrieved 2012-07-30.
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