Misplaced Pages

Forehead: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from[REDACTED] with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 20:01, 28 June 2009 view sourceUncle G (talk | contribs)Administrators52,501 edits Expanded.← Previous edit Latest revision as of 12:32, 23 November 2024 view source Rodw (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Event coordinators, Extended confirmed users, New page reviewers, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers775,886 editsm Disambiguating links to Lowbrow (intentional link to DAB) using DisamAssist.Tag: Disambiguation links added 
(963 intermediate revisions by more than 100 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{pp|small=yes}}
⚫ {{Infobox Anatomy |
{{short description|Area of the head between the eyebrows and the hairline}}
⚫ Name = Forehead |
⚫ {{Infobox anatomy
Latin = |
⚫ | Name = Forehead
GraySubject = |
GrayPage = | | Latin = sinciput
Image = PatrickStewart2004-08-03.jpg | | Image =
Image2 = | | Image2 = Male forehead-01 ies.jpg
Precursor = | | Caption2 = Male forehead
| Precursor =
System = Unknown, none | | System = Multiple
Artery = ], ] |
Vein = ], ] | | Artery = ], ]
Nerve = ], ] | | Vein = ], ]
| Nerve = ], ]
MeshName = Forehead |
MeshNumber = A01.456.505.580 |
DorlandsPre = f_16z |
DorlandsSuf = 12379682 |
}} }}
In ], the '''forehead''' is the ''fore'' part of the '']''. It is, formally, an area of the head bounded by three features, two of the ] and one of the ]. The top of the forehead is marked by the hairline, the edge of the area where hair on the scalp grows. The bottom of the forehead is marked by the ], the bone feature of the skull above the eyes. The two sides of the forehead are marked by the ], a bone feature that links the supraorbital ridge to the ] line and beyond.<ref name=KnizeDrisko>{{cite book|title=The Forehead and Temporal Fossa: Anatomy and Technique|author=David M. Knize and Mel Drisko|publisher=Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins|date=2001|isbn=0781720745|isnb13=9780781720748|pages=4}}</ref><ref name=Nouri1>{{cite book|pages=523|chapter=Reconstructive surgery of Skin Cancer defects|author=Valencia D. Thomas, Wendy Long Mitchell, Neil A. Swanson, Thomas E. Rohrer, and Ken K. Lee|title=Skin Cancer|editor=Keyvan Nouri|publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional|date=2007|isbn=0071472568|isbn13=9780071472562}}</ref> In ], the '''forehead''' is an area of the ] bounded by three features, two of the ] and one of the ]. The top of the forehead is marked by the '''hairline''', the edge of the area where hair on the scalp grows. The bottom of the forehead is marked by the ], the bone feature of the skull above the eyes. The two sides of the forehead are marked by the ], a bone feature that links the supraorbital ridge to the ] line and beyond.<ref name=KnizeDrisko>{{cite book|title=The Forehead and Temporal Fossa: Anatomy and Technique|author1=David M. Knize|author2=Mel Drisko|name-list-style=amp|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|year=2001|isbn=9780781720748|pages=4}}</ref><ref name=Nouri1>{{cite book|pages=523|chapter=Reconstructive surgery of Skin Cancer defects|author1=Valencia D. Thomas|author2=Wendy Long Mitchell|author3=Neil A. Swanson|author4=Thomas E. Rohrer|author5=Ken K. Lee|name-list-style=amp|title=Skin Cancer|editor=Keyvan Nouri|publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional|year=2007|isbn=9780071472562}}</ref> However, the eyebrows do not form part of the forehead.


In '']'', ''sinciput'' is given as the Latin equivalent to "forehead" (etymology of ''sinciput'': from ''semi-'' "half" and ''caput'' "head".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/sinciput#etymonline_v_48687|title=Origin and meaning of sinciput|website=etymonline.com}}</ref>).
== Anatomy ==
The forehead comprises, and the musculature and skin of the forehead lies above, the portion of the ] of the skull that is known as the ], the plate-like portion of the frontal bone.<ref>{{cite book|title=Radiographic anatomy &amp; positioning: an integrated approach|author=Diane H. Gronefeld|publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional|date=1998|isbn=0838582389|isbn13=9780838582381|pages=321}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|pages=204|title=Human anatomy &amp; physiology|author=Elaine Nicpon Marieb and Katja Hoehn|edition=7th|publisher=Pearson Education|date=2007|isbn=0321372948|isbn13=9780321372949}}</ref>


==Structure==
The sensory nerves of the forehead connect to the ophthalmic branch of the ] and the ], and lie within the subcutaneous fat. The motor nerves of the forehead connect to the ].<ref name=Nouri1 />
The bone of the forehead is the ].<ref>{{cite book|title=Radiographic anatomy & positioning: an integrated approach|author=Diane H. Gronefeld|publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional|year=1998|isbn=9780838582381|pages=321|url=https://archive.org/details/radiographicanat0000corn/page/321}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|pages=204|title=Human anatomy & physiology|author1=Elaine Nicpon Marieb|author2=Katja Hoehn|name-list-style=amp|edition=7th|publisher=Pearson Education|year=2007|isbn=9780321372949|url=https://archive.org/details/humananatomyphys0000mari_r3o8/page/204}}</ref> The overlying muscles are the ], ], and ] muscles, all of which are controlled by the temporal branch of the ].<ref name=Nouri1 />


⚫ The sensory nerves of the forehead connect to the ophthalmic branch of the ] and to the ], and lie within the subcutaneous fat. The motor nerves of the forehead connect to the ].<ref name=Nouri1 /> The ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve, the supraorbital nerve, divides at the orbital rim into two parts in the forehead. One part, the superficial division, runs over the surface of the occipitofrontalis muscle. This provides sensation for the skin of the forehead, and for the front edge of the scalp. The other part, the deep division, runs into the occipitofrontalis muscle and provides frontoparietal sensation.<ref name=KnizeDrisko />
The musculature of the forehead comprises the ], ], and ] muscles, all of which are controlled by the temporal branch of the facial nerve.<ref name=Nouri1 />


Blood supply to the forehead is via the left and right superorbital, supertrochealar, and anterior branches of the ].<ref name=Nouri1 /> Blood supply to the forehead is via the left and right superorbital, supertrochealar, and anterior branches of the ].<ref name=Nouri1 />


==Function==
⚫ The ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve, the supraorbital nerve, divides at the orbital rim into two parts in the forehead. One part, the superficial division, runs over the surface of the Occipitofrontalis muscle. This provides sensation for the skin of the forehead, and for the front (anterior) edge of the scalp. The other part, the deep division, runs into the Occipitofrontalis muscle and provides frontoparietal sensation.<ref name=KnizeDrisko />


== Physiognomy == === Expression ===
⚫ The muscles of the forehead help to form ]. There are four basic motions, which can occur individually or in combination to form different expressions. The occipitofrontalis muscles can raise the ]s, either together or individually, forming expressions of ] and ]. The corrugator supercilii muscles can pull the eyebrows inwards and down, forming a ]. The procerus muscles can pull down the centre portions of the eyebrows.<ref name=PalastangaFieldSoames>{{cite book|pages=645–646|title=Anatomy and human movement|author1=Nigel Palastanga|author2=Derek Field|author3=Roger Soames|name-list-style=amp|edition=5th|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|year=2006|isbn=9780750688147|chapter=Head and Brain}}</ref>
⚫ In ] and ], the shape of the forehead was taken to symbolise intellect and inteligence. "Animals, even the most intelligent of them,", wrote Samuel R. Wells in 1942, "can hardly be said to have any forehead at all, and in natural total idiots it is very diminished".<ref>{{cite book|title=New Physiognomy Or Signs of Character as Manifested Through Temperament and External Forms and Especially in the Human Face Divine|author=Samuel R. Wells|edition=reprint|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|date=1998|isbn=0766103579|isbn13=9780766103573|chapter=The Forehead|pages=260}}</ref>


=== Wrinkles ===
⚫ ], in '']'', stated that the forehead is governed by ].<ref name=Aristotle>{{cite book|title=The Works of Aristotle|author=Aristotle|editor=William Salmon|pages=71|location=New England|date=1828}}</ref> A low and little forehead denoted magananimity, boldness, and confidence; a fleshy and wrinkle-free forehead, litigiousness, vanity, deceit, and contentiousness; a sharp forehead, weakness and fickleness; a wrinkled forehead, great spirit and wit yet poor fortune; a round forehead, virtue and good understanding; a full lagre forehead, boldness, malice, boundary issues, and high spirit; and a long high forehead, honesty, weakness, simplicity, and poor fortune.<ref name=Aristotle />
⚫ The movements of the muscles in the forehead produce characteristic ]s in the skin. The occipitofrontalis muscles produce the transverse wrinkles across the width of the forehead, and the corrugator supercilii muscles produce vertical wrinkles between the eyebrows above the nose. The procerus muscles cause the nose to wrinkle.<ref name="PalastangaFieldSoames" />
== Expressions ==
⚫ The muscles of the forehead help to form facial expressions. There are four basic motions, which can occur individually or in combination to form different expressions. The Occipitofrontalis muscles can raise the eyebrows, either together or singly, forming expressions of surprise and quizzicality. The Corrugator supercilii muscles can pull the eyebrows inwards and down, forming a frown. The Procerus muscles can pull down the centre portions of the eyebrows.<ref name=PalastangaFieldSoames>{{cite book|pages=645&ndash;646|title=Anatomy and human movement|author=Nigel Palastanga, Derek Field, and Roger Soames|edition=5th|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|date=2006|isbn=0750688149|isbn13=9780750688147|chapter=Head and Brain}}</ref>


== Wrinkles == ==Society and culture==
⚫ In ] and ], the shape of the forehead was taken to symbolise intellect and intelligence. "Animals, even the most intelligent of them,", wrote Samuel R. Wells in 1942, "can hardly be said to have any forehead at all, and in natural total idiots it is very diminished".<ref>{{cite book|title=New Physiognomy Or Signs of Character as Manifested Through Temperament and External Forms and Especially in the Human Face Divine|author=Samuel R. Wells|edition=reprint|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|year=1998|isbn=9780766103573|chapter=The Forehead|pages=260}}</ref>
⚫ The movements of the muscles in the forehead produce characteristic ]s in the skin. The Occipitofrontalis muscles produce the transverse wrinkles across the width of the forehead, and the Corrugator supercilii muscles produce vertical wrinkles between the eyebrows above the nose. The Procerus muscles cause the nose to wrinkle.<ref name=PalastangaFieldSoames />

⚫ ], in '']'', stated that the forehead is governed by ].<ref name=Aristotle>{{cite book|title=The Works of Aristotle|author=Aristotle|editor=William Salmon|pages=71|location=New England|year=1828}}</ref> A low and little forehead denoted magnanimity, boldness, and confidence; a fleshy and wrinkle-free forehead, litigiousness, vanity, deceit, and contentiousness; a sharp forehead, weakness and fickleness; a wrinkled forehead, great spirit and wit yet poor fortune; a round forehead, virtue and good understanding; a full large forehead, boldness, malice, boundary issues, and high spirit; and a long high forehead, honesty, weakness, simplicity, and poor fortune.<ref name=Aristotle />

In fighting, slamming one's forehead into one's opponent is termed a ].<ref name="AdamecMai2011">{{cite journal|last1=Adamec|first1=Jiri|last2=Mai|first2=Vera|last3=Graw|first3=Matthias|last4=Schneider|first4=Klaus|last5=Hempel|first5=John-Martin|last6=Schöpfer|first6=Jutta|title=Biomechanics and injury risk of a headbutt|journal=International Journal of Legal Medicine|volume=127|issue=1|year=2011|pages=103–110|issn=0937-9827|doi=10.1007/s00414-011-0617-y|pmid=21922302|s2cid=9117512}}</ref>


⚫ == References ==
<references />
==See also== ==See also==
* ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ], ], and ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]

⚫ == References ==
{{Reflist}}


==External links== ==External links==
* {{commonscatinline|Foreheads}}
*{{eMedicineDictionary|Forehead}}
{{Commons category|Foreheads}}


{{human anatomical features}} {{human anatomical features}}
{{Authority control}}


{{Head and neck general}} ]

]
] ]

{{anatomy-stub}}

]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 12:32, 23 November 2024

Area of the head between the eyebrows and the hairline
Forehead
Male forehead
Details
SystemMultiple
ArterySupraorbital, supratrochlear
VeinSupraorbital, frontal
NerveTrigeminal, facial
Identifiers
Latinsinciput
MeSHD005546
TA98A01.1.00.002
A02.1.00.013
TA2101
FMA63864
Anatomical terminology[edit on Wikidata]

In human anatomy, the forehead is an area of the head bounded by three features, two of the skull and one of the scalp. The top of the forehead is marked by the hairline, the edge of the area where hair on the scalp grows. The bottom of the forehead is marked by the supraorbital ridge, the bone feature of the skull above the eyes. The two sides of the forehead are marked by the temporal ridge, a bone feature that links the supraorbital ridge to the coronal suture line and beyond. However, the eyebrows do not form part of the forehead.

In Terminologia Anatomica, sinciput is given as the Latin equivalent to "forehead" (etymology of sinciput: from semi- "half" and caput "head".).

Structure

The bone of the forehead is the squamous part of the frontal bone. The overlying muscles are the occipitofrontalis, procerus, and corrugator supercilii muscles, all of which are controlled by the temporal branch of the facial nerve.

The sensory nerves of the forehead connect to the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve and to the cervical plexus, and lie within the subcutaneous fat. The motor nerves of the forehead connect to the facial nerve. The ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve, the supraorbital nerve, divides at the orbital rim into two parts in the forehead. One part, the superficial division, runs over the surface of the occipitofrontalis muscle. This provides sensation for the skin of the forehead, and for the front edge of the scalp. The other part, the deep division, runs into the occipitofrontalis muscle and provides frontoparietal sensation.

Blood supply to the forehead is via the left and right superorbital, supertrochealar, and anterior branches of the superficial temporal artery.

Function

Expression

The muscles of the forehead help to form facial expressions. There are four basic motions, which can occur individually or in combination to form different expressions. The occipitofrontalis muscles can raise the eyebrows, either together or individually, forming expressions of surprise and quizzicality. The corrugator supercilii muscles can pull the eyebrows inwards and down, forming a frown. The procerus muscles can pull down the centre portions of the eyebrows.

Wrinkles

The movements of the muscles in the forehead produce characteristic wrinkles in the skin. The occipitofrontalis muscles produce the transverse wrinkles across the width of the forehead, and the corrugator supercilii muscles produce vertical wrinkles between the eyebrows above the nose. The procerus muscles cause the nose to wrinkle.

Society and culture

In physiognomy and phrenology, the shape of the forehead was taken to symbolise intellect and intelligence. "Animals, even the most intelligent of them,", wrote Samuel R. Wells in 1942, "can hardly be said to have any forehead at all, and in natural total idiots it is very diminished".

Pseudo-Aristotle, in Physiognomica, stated that the forehead is governed by Mars. A low and little forehead denoted magnanimity, boldness, and confidence; a fleshy and wrinkle-free forehead, litigiousness, vanity, deceit, and contentiousness; a sharp forehead, weakness and fickleness; a wrinkled forehead, great spirit and wit yet poor fortune; a round forehead, virtue and good understanding; a full large forehead, boldness, malice, boundary issues, and high spirit; and a long high forehead, honesty, weakness, simplicity, and poor fortune.

In fighting, slamming one's forehead into one's opponent is termed a headbutt.

See also

References

  1. ^ David M. Knize & Mel Drisko (2001). The Forehead and Temporal Fossa: Anatomy and Technique. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 4. ISBN 9780781720748.
  2. ^ Valencia D. Thomas; Wendy Long Mitchell; Neil A. Swanson; Thomas E. Rohrer & Ken K. Lee (2007). "Reconstructive surgery of Skin Cancer defects". In Keyvan Nouri (ed.). Skin Cancer. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 523. ISBN 9780071472562.
  3. "Origin and meaning of sinciput". etymonline.com.
  4. Diane H. Gronefeld (1998). Radiographic anatomy & positioning: an integrated approach. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 321. ISBN 9780838582381.
  5. Elaine Nicpon Marieb & Katja Hoehn (2007). Human anatomy & physiology (7th ed.). Pearson Education. p. 204. ISBN 9780321372949.
  6. ^ Nigel Palastanga; Derek Field & Roger Soames (2006). "Head and Brain". Anatomy and human movement (5th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 645–646. ISBN 9780750688147.
  7. Samuel R. Wells (1998). "The Forehead". New Physiognomy Or Signs of Character as Manifested Through Temperament and External Forms and Especially in the Human Face Divine (reprint ed.). Kessinger Publishing. p. 260. ISBN 9780766103573.
  8. ^ Aristotle (1828). William Salmon (ed.). The Works of Aristotle. New England. p. 71.
  9. Adamec, Jiri; Mai, Vera; Graw, Matthias; Schneider, Klaus; Hempel, John-Martin; Schöpfer, Jutta (2011). "Biomechanics and injury risk of a headbutt". International Journal of Legal Medicine. 127 (1): 103–110. doi:10.1007/s00414-011-0617-y. ISSN 0937-9827. PMID 21922302. S2CID 9117512.

External links

Human regional anatomy
BodySkin
Head
Neck
Torso (Trunk)
Limbs
Arm
Leg
Categories:
Forehead: Difference between revisions Add topic