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#REDIRECT ] |
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A '''picture clause''' is an element in ] that is used to describe a ], by using sample characters that indicate the item characteristics and size. |
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{{Redirect category shell|1= |
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== History == |
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{{R from merge}} |
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The picture clause was first used in the ] (Commercial Translator) language developed by ] of ] in 1957. In 1959, it was incorporated into the original definition of ]. Since then, many other programming languages have copied this feature. |
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{{R to section}} |
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}} |
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] |
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== Formatting == |
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A picture clause is made up of various format characters, each of which represents a certain portion of the data item. Each format character can be repeated or followed by a repeat number, which specifies the number of times the format item occurs in the data item. Some examples (from COBOL) are: |
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{| class="wikitable" width="80%" |
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|- bgcolor="#F0F0F0" |
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! Character |
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! Description |
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|- |
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|bgcolor="#E0FFFF" align="center"| '''A''' |
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|Alphabetic character (A-Z, a-z, or blank) |
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|- |
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|bgcolor="#E0FFFF" align="center"| '''B''' |
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|Blank (space) character |
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|- |
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|bgcolor="#E0FFFF" align="center"| '''CR''' |
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|Sign indicator ('CR' if negative, blanks if positive) |
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|- |
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|bgcolor="#E0FFFF" align="center"| '''DB''' |
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|Sign indicator ('DB' if negative, blanks if positive) |
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|- |
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|bgcolor="#E0FFFF" align="center"| '''E''' |
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|Floating-point exponent<ref name="extension">Non-standard extension provided by ] and others.</ref> |
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|- |
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|bgcolor="#E0FFFF" align="center"| '''G''' |
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|Double-byte (]) graphic/alphanumeric character<ref name="extension"/> |
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|- |
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|bgcolor="#E0FFFF" align="center"| '''N''' |
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|Double-byte (DBCS) character<ref name="extension"/> |
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|- |
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|bgcolor="#E0FFFF" align="center"| '''P''' |
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|Implied scaling digit (not displayed) |
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|- |
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|bgcolor="#E0FFFF" align="center"| '''S''' |
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|Implied sign (not displayed) |
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|bgcolor="#E0FFFF" align="center"| '''V''' |
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|Implied decimal point (not displayed) |
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|- |
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|bgcolor="#E0FFFF" align="center"| '''X''' |
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|Any character, alphabetic, numeric, or other symbols |
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|- |
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|bgcolor="#E0FFFF" align="center"| '''Z''' |
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|Numeric digit, but leading-zero-suppressed (replaced by a blank when equal to zero) |
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|- |
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|bgcolor="#E0FFFF" align="center"| '''0''' |
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|Inserted '0' digit |
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|- |
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|bgcolor="#E0FFFF" align="center"| '''9''' |
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|Numeric digit (0-9) |
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|- |
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|bgcolor="#E0FFFF" align="center"| '''/''' |
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|Inserted '/' character |
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|- |
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|bgcolor="#E0FFFF" align="center"| ''',''' |
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|Inserted digit group separator<ref name="comma">The comma and decimal point can be switched for European use.</ref> |
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|bgcolor="#E0FFFF" align="center"| '''.''' |
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|Inserted decimal point<ref name="comma"/> |
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|- |
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|bgcolor="#E0FFFF" align="center"| '''+''' |
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|Sign ('-' if negative, '+' if positive) |
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|- |
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|bgcolor="#E0FFFF" align="center"| '''-''' |
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|Sign ('-' if negative, blank if positive) |
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|- |
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|bgcolor="#E0FFFF" align="center"| '''$''' |
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|Floating currency sign (blank for leading zeroes, '$' to the left of the most significant digit, otherwise digit 0-9) |
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|- |
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|bgcolor="#E0FFFF" align="center"| '''*''' |
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|Floating digit fill ('*' for leading zeroes, otherwise digit 0-9) |
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|} |
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== Examples<ref>These examples are from COBOL.</ref> == |
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{| class="wikitable" border="1" |
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|- bgcolor="honeydew" |
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! picture clause!! data type!! sample contents |
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|- |
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||PIC 999 ||3-digit number || 123, 005, 087, any number from 000 through 999 |
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|- |
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||PIC S999 ||3-digit internally signed number || +123, -005, +087, any number from -999 through +999 |
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|- |
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||PIC +999 ||3-digit output signed number || +123, -005, +087, any number from -999 through +999, with sign displayed. |
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|- |
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||PIC ZZ9 ||3-digit number, leading zeros suppressed || 123, 5, 87, any number from 000 through 999 |
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|- |
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||PIC A(8) ||8-character alphabetic string || "Fredrick", "Fred ", any string of 8 alphabetic letters (may include spaces) |
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|- |
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||PIC X(8) ||8-character string || "Smithson", "O'Riley ", "Bon-Jovi", "23Skidoo", any string of 8 characters (may include any valid character) |
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|- |
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|} |
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== Footnotes == |
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<references/> |
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{{PL-stub}} |
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] |
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] |
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] |
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