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| {{Infobox Hurricane | |||
| | Name=Unnamed Hurricane | |||
| | Type=hurricane | |||
| | Year=1991 | |||
| | Basin=Atl | |||
| | Image location=Unnamed Hurricane 01 nov 1991 1906Z.jpg | |||
| | Image name=Unnamed Hurricane on November 1 at peak intensity | |||
| | Formed= {{start-date|November 1, 1991|November 1, 1991}} | |||
| | Dissipated= {{end-date|November 2, 1991|November 2, 1991}} | |||
| | 1-min winds=65 | |||
| | Pressure=980 | |||
| | Damages=None | |||
| | Inflated=0 | |||
| | Fatalities=None reported | |||
| | Areas=] | |||
| | Hurricane season=] | |||
| }} | |||
| '''Hurricane 8''' of the ] was an unnamed ] which had rare and complex origins, forming in the center of a ] commonly referred to as the "]". Hurricane Grace formed on October 26, and was eventually absorbed by the much larger ] to the north. This cyclone became a powerful ] that caused severe damage along parts of the east coast of ] and generated extremely high offshore waves. As this storm weakened, it moved over the warmer waters of the ], where its core began to organize. | |||
| On November 1, a tropical storm was identified at the center of the non-tropical storm system. It briefly attained Category 1 intensity on the ] before moving ashore in ] and fully dissipating just 10 hours thereafter. The hurricane is considered largely a separate entity from the initial nor'easter which caused severe damage, and therefore, the tropical system itself had minor effects on land. It was left unnamed to avoid confusion among the public. | |||
| ==Meteorological history== | |||
| {{storm path|1991 Atlantic hurricane 8 track.png}} | |||
| On October 25, ] formed as a ], and eventually became a ] on October 27.<ref name="Grace 1">{{cite web|author=Edward Rappaport|title=Hurricane Grace Preliminary Report Page 1|date=November 13, 1991|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2009-09-14|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1991-prelim/grace/prelim01.gif}}</ref> Grace reached its peak intensity with winds of 100 mph (155 km/h) and a minimum central ] of 980 mbar (hPa; 28.94 inHg), making it a Category 2 on the ].<ref name="Grace4">{{cite web|author=Edward Rappaport|title=Hurricane Grace Preliminary Report Page 4|date=November 13, 1991|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2009-09-14|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1991-prelim/grace/prelim04.gif}}</ref> Meanwhile, an ] formed along an approaching ] off the ] coast. This storm rapidly intensified and influenced Grace's steering currents, turning the hurricane sharply towards the east.<ref name="history">{{cite web|author=|title=Ingredients for a real 'perfect storm'|date=|publisher=''USA Today''|accessdate=2009-09-14|url=http://www.usatoday.com/weather/movies/ps/perfectstorm.htm}}</ref> | |||
| Hurricane Grace turned northeastward later that day, as the rapidly approaching frontal boundary destroyed the storm's lower-level center. The system became overtaken by the front and subsequently lost its tropical characteristics. It moved north along the front and merged with the large extratropical cyclone to the north.<ref name="history"/> The cyclone significantly strengthened as a result of the temperature contrast between the cold air to the northwest and the warmth and humidity from the remnants of Hurricane Grace. The low pressure system continued deepening as it drifted southeastward and then southwestward towards the United States. While situated {{convert|390|mi|km|abbr=on}} south of ], the ] attained its peak intensity with winds of up to {{convert|70|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref name="history"/><ref name="history2">{{cite web|author=National Climatic Data Center|title=The Perfect Storm|date=November 13, 1991|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=2009-09-14|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/satellite/satelliteseye/cyclones/pfctstorm91/pfctstorm.html}}</ref> | |||
| Upon peaking in intensity, the nor'easter turned southward and gradually weakened; by November 1, its pressure had risen to 998 mb. The low moved over warm waters of the ], where ] of ] around the center began to organize.<ref name="8 TCR1">{{cite web|author=Richard Pasch|title=Unnamed Hurricane Preliminary Report Page 1|date=|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2009-09-14|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1991-prelim/unnamed/prelim01.gif}}</ref> At around this time, the system attained ]. On November 1, while the storm was executing a counter-clockwise loop, a ] had been identified at the center of the larger low.<ref name="history4">{{cite web|author=National Climatic Data Center|title=Unnamed Hurricane|date=|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=2009-09-14|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/satellite/satelliteseye/hurricanes/unnamed91/unnamed91.html}}</ref> Although these conditions are rare, ] during 1980 also formed within a larger non-tropical weather system.<ref name="MWR">{{cite web|author=Richard Pasch and Lixion Avila|title=Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1980|date=March 26, 1992|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=2009-09-13|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/mwreviews/1991.pdf}}</ref> | |||
| By around 1400 UTC on November 1, an ] was forming, and the tropical cyclone reached its peak intensity with ] of 75 mph (120 km/h);<ref name="8 TCR2">{{cite web|author=Richard Pasch|title=Unnamed Hurricane Preliminary Report Page 2|date=|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2009-09-14|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1991-prelim/unnamed/prelim02.gif}}</ref> these estimates, combined with reports from an Air Force Reserve Unit flight into the storm and confirmation that a warm-core center was present, indicated that the system had become a Category 1 hurricane on the ]. The hurricane accelerated towards the northeast and quickly weakened back into a tropical storm. It made landfall near ], at 1400 UTC on November 2 with sustained winds of {{convert|45|mph|km/h|abbr=on|lk=on}}. While the storm was approaching the coast, weather radars depicted curved ]s on the western side of the system. It fully dissipated about 10 hours after landfall.<ref name="history4"/> | |||
| ==Impact and naming== | |||
| ] | |||
| The unnamed hurricane is considered largely a separate system to the larger non-tropical low from which it formed. Therefore, most of the effects from the nor'easter were not perceived to be related to the tropical cyclone. On November 2, a ship reported {{convert|50|mph|km/h|abbr=on|adj=on}} winds in association with the cyclone. The storm's effects in Canada were minimal, and confined to gusty winds and light precipitation. About {{convert|0.27|in|mm|abbr=on|lk=on}} of rain was reported in ]. The hurricane caused no significant damage in the region.<ref name="8 TCR3">{{cite web|author=Richard Pasch|title=Unnamed Hurricane Preliminary Report Page 3|date=|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2009-09-14|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1991-prelim/unnamed/prelim03.gif}}</ref> | |||
| Beginning in 1950, the ] named officially recognized tropical storms and hurricanes. The 1991 unnamed hurricane was reported to have met all the criteria for a tropical cyclone; however, it was purposefully left unnamed to avoid confusion amongst the media and the public, who were focusing on the damage from the initial nor'easter, as the hurricane itself was not expected to pose a major threat to land. It was the eighth nameable storm of the 1991 Atlantic hurricane season. Had it been designated a name, it would have been called ''Henri''.<ref name="history4"/><ref>{{cite web|author=|title=Canadian Tropical Cyclone Season Summary for 1991|date=|publisher=Canadian Hurricane Centre|accessdate=2009-09-14|url=http://www.ec.gc.ca/ouragans-hurricanes/default.asp?lang=en&n=9D24F0EE-1}}</ref> | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| ==References== | |||
| {{reflist|2}} | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| * from the ] | |||
| * | |||
| {{1991 Atlantic hurricane season buttons}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 18:12, 24 September 2010
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