Misplaced Pages

Marsiya: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 06:24, 24 September 2009 edit203.190.147.124 (talk)No edit summary← Previous edit Latest revision as of 15:37, 1 December 2024 edit undoKazamzam (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, New page reviewers21,656 edits Removed dead links, blogs, material that did not meet external links policyTag: Visual edit 
(175 intermediate revisions by 94 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Elegiac poem}}
{{Wikify|date=May 2008}}
{{Husayn}} {{Husayn}}
'''Marsiya''' ('''Marsia''') ({{lang-fa|مرثیہ}}) is an elegiac poem written to commemorate the martyrdom and valour of ] and his comrades of the ]. In its form the marsia generally consists of six-line units, with a rhyming quatrain, and a couplet on a different rhyme. A '''marsiya''' ({{langx|fa|{{nq|مَرْثِیَه}}}}; {{Langx|ur|مرثیہ}}) is an elegiac poem written to commemorate the martyrdom and valour of ], his family, and his companions at the tragedy of ]. Marsiyas are essentially religious lamentations.<ref name="lucknow19thc"></ref>


==Background==
This form found a specially congenial soil in ] (a city in Northern India), chiefly because it was the centre of ] community, which regarded it an act of piety and religious duty to eulogies and bemoan the martyrs of the ]. The form reached its peak in the writing of ]. Marsia is a poem written to commemorate the martyrdom of ], ] and ]. It is usually a poem of mourning. and Even a short poem written to mourn the death of a friend can be called marsia. Lord ]'s poem 'In Memoriam' can rightly be called marsia. The sub-parts of marsia are called '']'' and '']'' which means lamentation and burning of (heart) respectively.
The word ''Marsiya'' is derived from the Arabic word ''marthiyya'' ({{langx|ar|{{naskh|مارْثِيَّه}}}}; ] R-TH-Y), meaning a great tragedy or lamentation for a departed soul.<ref name="umaamerica">{{cite web|url=http://www.umaamerica.net/magazine2005/magazine_poetry.asp |title=Poetry: Urdu Marsiya, Anees and his Poetry |access-date=2010-10-15 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822011919/http://www.umaamerica.net/magazine2005/magazine_poetry.asp |archive-date=August 22, 2010 }}</ref> Marsiya is a poem written to commemorate the martyrdom of ], ] and ]. It is usually a poem of mourning.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://akchagla.com/Masters%20of%20Marsiya.htm |title=The Masters of Marsiya – Anees and Dabeer |access-date=2010-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110116024858/http://akchagla.com/Masters%20of%20Marsiya.htm |archive-date=2011-01-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Marsiyas in Urdu first appeared in the sixteenth century in the Deccan kingdoms of India. They were written either in the two-line unit form, ''qasida'', or the four-line unit form, ''murabba''. Over time, the ''musaddas'' became the most suitable form for a marsiya. In this form, the first four lines of each stanza referred to as the ''band'' have one rhyme scheme while the remaining two line referred to as the ''tip'' have another.{{sfn|Naim|2004|pp=1, 2}} Poets who recite marsiyas are called ''marsiakhawan''.

This form found a specially congenial soil in ], an important ] community in the ], where it was regarded as an act of piety and religious duty to eulogize and bemoan the martyrs of the ]. The genre was championed by ].

Famous marsiya writers in ] include Mir Babar Ali Anis, ], ], ], ], and others. Well-known Persian poets of the genre include ], Nawab Ahmad Ali Khan Qayamat and Samet Borujerdi. In Turkish, ] composed an important marsiya.

], a renowned ] poet, composed salāms, elegies, ]s and ]s. While the length of elegy initially had no more than forty or fifty stanzas, he pushed it beyond one hundred fifty or even longer than two hundred stanzas or ''band''s, as each unit of marsiya in the ''musaddas'' format is known. Mir Anis drew upon the vocabulary of ], Persian, ], Hindi, and ] to a great degree.<ref name="umaamerica" /><ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101221100643/http://jaunpurcity.in/about-2/marsiya/ |date=2010-12-21 }}</ref> He has become an essential element of ] among the Urdu-speakers of the Indian subcontinent. The first major and still current critical articulation about Mir Anis was ''Muazna-e-Anis-o-Dabir'' (1907) written by ] in which he said "the poetic qualities and merits of Anis are not matched by any other poet".

] (c 1780–c 1848), another marsiya poet, was born during the reign of Nawab ], the ]. He was initially a ] poet with the ] ‘Tarab’, before focusing on marsiya at a later stage. He converted to Islam and changed his name to Ghulam Hussain. His most popular marsiya is called ''Ghabraye Gi Zaynab, Ghabraye Gi Zaynab'' ({{langx|ur|{{nq|گھبراۓ گی زینب گھبراۓ گی زینب}}}}).<ref></ref>

==See also==
<!-- Deleted image removed: ] -->
* ]
* ]
⚫ * ]
⚫ * ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Cited sources==
* {{Cite book|last=Naim|first=C. M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9bfHLAeTXPgC|title=Urdu Texts and Contexts: The Selected Essays of C.M. Naim|date=2004|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-7824-075-6|language=en}}


The famous ''marsia'' writers in ] are ], Mir Moonis, ], Syed Muhammad Mirza Uns Syed Sajjad Husain "Shadeed" Lucknavi, Dr. Syed Ali Imam Zaidi, Gauher Lucknavi the (grand son of Mir Baber Ali Anees}
==External links== ==External links==
* Soaz Salam Book
{{linkfarm}}
* Marsiya Book https://archive.org/details/soaz-salam-12-05-2023/Marsiya%2019-04-2023/
*
* {{cite web|author=Rauf Parekh |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1055451/karbalai-marsiya-in-urdu-and-persian |title=Karbalai marsiya in Urdu and Persian |publisher=Dawn.Com |date=2013-11-11 |access-date=2014-01-01}}
*
* {{cite web|author=Rauf Parekh |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1058311/dabeer-new-marsiya-and-the-praise-me-virus |title=Dabeer, new marsiya and the 'praise-me' virus |publisher=Dawn.Com |date=2013-11-25 |access-date=2014-01-01}}
*
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6jjHxObm8jgC&q=Marsiya+writers+in+Urdu&pg=PA25 |title=The Making of the Awadh Culture - Madhu Trivedi - Google Books |isbn=9788190891882 |access-date=2014-01-01|last1=Trivedi |first1=Madhu |year=2010 |publisher=Primus Books }}
*
* {{cite book|url=http://www.great-iran.com/PDFs/LITERACY-Language/Marsiye-Literacy-(Great-Iran-com).pdf |title=Appropriating an Iranian Literary Tradition: Marsiya in the Indian Context |author=Madhu Trivedi |publisher=great-iran.com |access-date=2014-01-01}}
*
* {{cite web|url=http://www.urdustudies.com/pdf/15/19StuBarda.pdf |title=Value and Vitality in a Literary Tradition: Female Poets and the Urdu Marsiya |author=Amy Bard |publisher=Columbia University |access-date=2014-01-01}}
*

⚫ *
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
⚫ *


]
]
]


{{Mourning of Muharram}}
{{Urdu poetry}} {{Urdu poetry}}


⚫ ]
⚫ ]
] ]
] ]
]
]

Latest revision as of 15:37, 1 December 2024

Elegiac poem
Part of a series on
Husayn
Life
Remembrance
Perspectives
Related articles

A marsiya (Persian: مَرْثِیَه; Urdu: مرثیہ) is an elegiac poem written to commemorate the martyrdom and valour of Hussain ibn Ali, his family, and his companions at the tragedy of Karbala. Marsiyas are essentially religious lamentations.

Background

The word Marsiya is derived from the Arabic word marthiyya (Arabic: مارْثِيَّه‎; root R-TH-Y), meaning a great tragedy or lamentation for a departed soul. Marsiya is a poem written to commemorate the martyrdom of Ahl al-Bayt, Imam Hussain and Battle of Karbala. It is usually a poem of mourning.

Marsiyas in Urdu first appeared in the sixteenth century in the Deccan kingdoms of India. They were written either in the two-line unit form, qasida, or the four-line unit form, murabba. Over time, the musaddas became the most suitable form for a marsiya. In this form, the first four lines of each stanza referred to as the band have one rhyme scheme while the remaining two line referred to as the tip have another. Poets who recite marsiyas are called marsiakhawan.

This form found a specially congenial soil in Lucknow, an important Shia Muslim community in the Indian subcontinent, where it was regarded as an act of piety and religious duty to eulogize and bemoan the martyrs of the battle of Karbala. The genre was championed by Mir Babar Ali Anis.

Famous marsiya writers in Urdu include Mir Babar Ali Anis, Mirza Salamat Ali Dabeer, Ali Haider Tabatabai, Najm Afandi, Josh Malihabadi, and others. Well-known Persian poets of the genre include Muhtasham Kashani, Nawab Ahmad Ali Khan Qayamat and Samet Borujerdi. In Turkish, Bâkî composed an important marsiya.

Mir Babar Ali Anis, a renowned Urdu poet, composed salāms, elegies, nohas and quatrains. While the length of elegy initially had no more than forty or fifty stanzas, he pushed it beyond one hundred fifty or even longer than two hundred stanzas or bands, as each unit of marsiya in the musaddas format is known. Mir Anis drew upon the vocabulary of Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Hindi, and Awadhi to a great degree. He has become an essential element of Muharram among the Urdu-speakers of the Indian subcontinent. The first major and still current critical articulation about Mir Anis was Muazna-e-Anis-o-Dabir (1907) written by Shibli Nomani in which he said "the poetic qualities and merits of Anis are not matched by any other poet".

Chhannu Lal Dilgeer (c 1780–c 1848), another marsiya poet, was born during the reign of Nawab Asaf-ud-Daulah, the Nawab wazir of Oudh. He was initially a ghazal poet with the takhallus ‘Tarab’, before focusing on marsiya at a later stage. He converted to Islam and changed his name to Ghulam Hussain. His most popular marsiya is called Ghabraye Gi Zaynab, Ghabraye Gi Zaynab (Urdu: گھبراۓ گی زینب گھبراۓ گی زینب).

See also

References

  1. A History of Urdu literature by T. Grahame Bailey; Urdu Poetry in Lucknow in the 19th century
  2. ^ "Poetry: Urdu Marsiya, Anees and his Poetry". Archived from the original on August 22, 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  3. "The Masters of Marsiya – Anees and Dabeer". Archived from the original on 2011-01-16. Retrieved 2010-10-15.
  4. Naim 2004, pp. 1, 2.
  5. Marsiya by Shiraz e Hind on May 15th, 2010 Archived 2010-12-21 at the Wayback Machine
  6. Chhannu Lal Dilgeer

Cited sources

External links


Mourning of Muharram
EventsBattle of Karbala
Figures
Places
Holidays
Customs
Related portals
Urdu poetry
Categories: