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{{short description|National monument in southeastern Arizona}}
{{Infobox Protected area
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Chiricahua National Monument | name = Chiricahua National Monument
| photo =Chiricahua balanced rock.jpg | photo = Chiricahua balanced rock.jpg
| photo_caption = The Balanced Rock formation | photo_caption = Rock formation on Echo Canyon Trail
| iucn_category = V <!--See http://www.protectedplanet.net/sites/Chiricahua_National_Monument_Nps -->
| iucn_category = III
| map = US_Locator_Blank.svg | map = Arizona#USA
| map_caption = | relief = 1
| map_caption = Location in the United States##Location in ]
| locator_x = 64
| location = ], United States
| locator_y = 122
| location = ], ] | nearest_city = ]
| coordinates = {{coord|32.00569|-109.35672|region:US-AZ|display=inline, title|format=dms}}
| nearest_city = ]
| lat_d = 32 | area_acre = 12,025
| area_ref = <ref name="area">{{cite web |title=National Park Service Acreage Reports |url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/lwcf/acreagereports.htm |access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref>
| lat_m = 01
| created = {{start date|1924|April|18}}
| lat_s = 04
| visitation_num = 60,577
| lat_NS = N
| long_d = 109 | visitation_year = 2018
| visitation_ref = <ref name=visitation>{{NPS visitation|accessdate=2019-04-01}}</ref>
| long_m = 20
| long_s = 54
| long_EW = W
| area = 12,000 acres (49 km²)
| established = ], ]
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| governing_body = ] | governing_body = ]
| website =
}} }}
'''Chiricahua National Monument''' is a unit of the ] located in the ] of southeastern ]. The monument was established on April 18, 1924, to protect its extensive ]s and ]s. The ], which was owned at one time by ] immigrants Neil and Emma Erickson, is also preserved within the monument.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chiricahua National Monument: Nature & Science |publisher=National Park Service |url=http://www.nps.gov/chir/naturescience/index.htm |access-date=2011-07-03}}</ref>


Just over 85% of the monument is protected as the Chiricahua National Monument ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wilderness.net/visit-wilderness/default.php|title=Wilderness Connect|website=wilderness.net|language=en|access-date=2019-08-31}}</ref>
'''Chiricahua National Monument''' is a unit of the ]. The monument is located approximately {{convert|36|mi|km}} southeast of ]. It preserves the remains of an immense ] eruption that shook the region some 27 million years ago. Called the ] eruption, it eventually laid down two thousand feet of ash and pumice, highly ] in nature. This eventually hardened into ], and eroded into the natural features visible at the monument today.{{cn|date=June 2009}}


==Geology==
The National Monument was designated on ], ].{{cn|date=June 2009}}
Located approximately {{convert|36|mi|km}} southeast of ], the monument preserves the remains of an immense ] eruption that shook the region about 27 million years ago. The thick, white-hot ash spewed forth from the nearby ], cooled and hardened into ], laying down almost {{convert|2000|ft|m|abbr=on}} of highly ], dark volcanic ash and pumice. The volcanic material eventually eroded into the natural rock formations of the present monument.<ref>{{cite web |title=Geology Field Notes: Chiricahua National Monument, Arizona |publisher=National Park Service |url=http://www.nature.nps.gov/geology/parks/chir/index.cfm |access-date=2011-07-03}}</ref>
The ] also preserves the ], owned at one time by ] immigrants Neil and Emma Erickson.{{cn|date=June 2009}}


== History ==
In 2008, the ], covering roughly 80% of the National Monument, was listed on the ].<ref name="nris">{{cite web|url=http://www.nr.nps.gov/|title=National Register Information System|date=2009-03-13|work=National Register of Historic Places|publisher=National Park Service}}</ref>
President Calvin Coolidge established the ] with the ] on April 18, 1924. It was expanded by President Franklin Roosevelt on June 10, 1938.


=== Missing naturalist ===
==Gallery==
On January 13, 1980, Paul Fugate, a National Park Service naturalist and law enforcement ranger, disappeared after leaving the monument headquarters while in uniform, to check trails leading to the recently acquired Faraway Ranch. An acquaintance claimed to have seen him later that afternoon, slumped between two men in a pickup truck. Despite an extensive search of the rugged {{convert|17|sqmi|sqkm|abbr=on}} monument area by authorities and ] teams, no trace of him has been found.<ref>{{cite news |date=August 16, 1981 |title=The Mystery of a Missing Naturalist May Lead to Legal Test of Dismissal |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/08/16/us/the-mystery-of-a-missing-naturalist-may-lead-to-legal-test-of-dismissal.html |access-date=May 20, 2018 |work=New York Times |page=63}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Smith |first1=Rick |date=March 5, 2009 |title=Where in the World is Paul Fugate? |url=https://www.nationalparkstraveler.org/2009/03/where-world-paul-fugate |access-date=May 20, 2018 |website=National Parks Traveler |publisher=nationalparkstraveler.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Borrell |first1=Brendan |date=1 July 2021 |title=The Search for a Ranger Who Was Lost and Never Found |url=https://www.outsideonline.com/outdoor-adventure/exploration-survival/paul-fugate-park-ranger-search/ |access-date=8 December 2023 |website=Outside}}</ref>
<gallery>

File:Chiricahua stone columns.jpg|Stone columns are the most common formation in the monument.
=== Historic Designed Landscape ===
File:Chiricahua Chiricahua National Monument HDR Panorama.jpg|180° ] view captured in ] atop the Chiricahua National Monument.
{{Infobox NRHP
| name = Chiricahua National Monument Historic Designed Landscape
| nrhp_type = hd
| image =
| caption =
| location= 12856 E. Rhyolite Canyon Rd., Chiricahua National Monument, near Willcox, Arizona
<!-- Google map coords for that address: ll=, which converts to following DMS coords -->
| coordinates =
| locmapin =
| area = approx. 10,000 acres<ref name="nrhpinv2"/>
| built =1924–1940<ref name="nrhpinv2"/>
| architect=
| architecture=
| added = October 31, 2008<ref name="newlistings2008nov07">{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/listings/20081107.HTM
|title=Announcements and actions on properties for the National Register of Historic Places, November 7, 2008 |accessdate=2008-11-12|work=New listings|publisher=National Park Service}}</ref>
| governing_body =
| mpsub=Historic Park Landscapes in National and State Parks MPS
| refnum=08001020<ref name="newlistings2008nov07"/>
| nocat = yes
}}
'''Chiricahua National Monument Historic Designed Landscape''' is a ] that covers roughly 80% of the national monument. The district was listed on the ] on October 31, 2008.<ref name="newlistings2008nov07"/><ref name="nrhpinv2">{{Cite web|title=National Register of Historic Places Nomination: Chiricahua National Monument Historic Designed Landscape / Wonderland of Rocks / Rhyolite Park / The Pinnacles/ Say Yahdesut "Point of Rocks"|url=http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/feature/weekly_features/ChiricahuaLandscape.pdf |date=May 21, 2007 |author=Pinto, Robin Lothrop and R. Brooks Jeffery and Mike Lovato|publisher=National Park Service|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170526202827/https://www.nps.gov/nr/feature/weekly_features/chiricahualandscape.pdf|archive-date=May 26, 2017|url-status=dead}} (268 pages including 17 maps and 199 photos, exterior and interior)</ref><ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2009a}}</ref>

It was the 18th property listed as a featured property of the week in a program of the National Park Service that began in July 2008.<ref name="newlistings2008nov07"/><ref name="featured">{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/nrlist.htm |title=Weekly List Actions |accessdate=2008-11-12|publisher=National Park Service}}</ref>

=== Proposed redesignation ===
In 2022, the ] passed S. 1320 to redesignate the monument as a ].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kelty |first1=Bennito L. |title=Senate OKs bill to establish Chiricahua National Park, measure still awaits House action |url=https://www.tucsonsentinel.com/local/report/040122_chiricahua_park/senate-oks-bill-establish-chiricahua-national-park-measure-still-awaits-house-action/ |website=TucsonSentinel.com |publisher=TucsonSentinel.com |access-date=2 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=S.1320 — 117th Congress (2021-2022) |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/1320/text/rs |website=congress.gov |publisher=Library of Congress |access-date=2 January 2023}}</ref> The bill did not make it out of committee in the ] and died with the conclusion of the ]. In early 2023, Senator Mark Kelly introduced S. 736 in the Senate, while Representative Juan Ciscomani introduced HR 1479 in the House to redesignate the Monument as a Park.<ref>{{Cite web |last=US Congress |date=July 19, 2023 |title=Senate Bill 736, 118th Congress |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/736/all-info |access-date=March 25, 2024 |website=Congress.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=US Congress |first=Library of Congress |date=22 March 2023 |title=All Information (Except Text) for H.R.1479 - Chiricahua National Park Act |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/1479/all-info |access-date=25 March 2024 |website=Congress.gov}}</ref> The 2023 bills passed out of committee in the Senate but have not passed out of committee in the House. {{clear left}}

== Visitor center ==
]
A ] is located {{convert|2|mi|km}} from the entrance to Chiricahua National Monument. The visitor center has exhibits relating to the geology, natural history, and cultural history of the area. A park ranger is available to provide visitors with trail guides and information. The main road, Bonita Canyon Drive, ventures {{convert|8|mi|km|abbr=on}} east through the park, ending at Massai Point. Approximately {{convert|17|mi|km|abbr=on}} of trails lead hikers through various ecosystems of meadows, forests, and rock formations.

The visitor center has a free shuttle that leaves each morning at 9:00 am. The shuttle takes hikers to the Echo Canyon or Massai Point trailheads. Hikers return to the visitor center by following the designated trails.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chiricahua National Monument (U.S. National Park Service) |url=https://www.nps.gov/chir/index.htm |access-date=16 April 2018 |website=www.nps.gov}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="120">
A088, Chiricahua National Monument, Arizona, USA, 2004.jpg|''Big Balanced Rock'' along the Heart of Rocks trail
Chiricahua stone columns.jpg|Stone columns, called ]s, are the most common formation in the monument
Chiricahua nima6.JPG|Hoodoos in ''Totem Canyon''
</gallery> </gallery>
{{wide image|Chiricahua Chiricahua National Monument HDR Panorama.jpg|940px|180° panoramic view of Chiricahua National Monument}}

==Climate==

According to the ] system, Chiricahua National Monument has a ], abbreviated "Csa" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded at Chiricahua National Monument was {{convert|109|F|C|1}} on July 13, 1909, while the coldest temperature recorded was {{convert|-10|F|C|1}} on January 7, 1913.<ref name = NOWData />

{{Weather box
|location = Chiricahua National Monument, Arizona, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1909–2007
|single line = Yes

|Jan record high F = 80
|Feb record high F = 80
|Mar record high F = 86
|Apr record high F = 93
|May record high F = 104
|Jun record high F = 108
|Jul record high F = 109
|Aug record high F = 103
|Sep record high F = 100
|Oct record high F = 95
|Nov record high F = 85
|Dec record high F = 82

|Jan high F = 56.0
|Feb high F = 60.6
|Mar high F = 66.5
|Apr high F = 73.8
|May high F = 82.7
|Jun high F = 91.4
|Jul high F = 90.2
|Aug high F = 86.7
|Sep high F = 83.8
|Oct high F = 76.4
|Nov high F = 66.4
|Dec high F = 55.7
|year high F =

|Jan mean F = 43.1
|Feb mean F = 46.6
|Mar mean F = 51.5
|Apr mean F = 57.2
|May mean F = 65.7
|Jun mean F = 74.2
|Jul mean F = 75.1
|Aug mean F = 73.4
|Sep mean F = 70.2
|Oct mean F = 61.8
|Nov mean F = 52.0
|Dec mean F = 43.1
|year mean F =

|Jan low F = 30.3
|Feb low F = 32.6
|Mar low F = 36.5
|Apr low F = 40.5
|May low F = 48.8
|Jun low F = 57.0
|Jul low F = 60.0
|Aug low F = 60.0
|Sep low F = 56.6
|Oct low F = 47.2
|Nov low F = 37.5
|Dec low F = 30.5
|year low F =

|Jan record low F = -10
|Feb record low F = 7
|Mar record low F = 10
|Apr record low F = 20
|May record low F = 19
|Jun record low F = 35
|Jul record low F = 40
|Aug record low F = 44
|Sep record low F = 33
|Oct record low F = 21
|Nov record low F = 8
|Dec record low F = -1

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 1.32
|Feb precipitation inch = 1.28
|Mar precipitation inch = 1.19
|Apr precipitation inch = 0.27
|May precipitation inch = 0.30
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.86
|Jul precipitation inch = 3.81
|Aug precipitation inch = 4.56
|Sep precipitation inch = 1.59
|Oct precipitation inch = 0.99
|Nov precipitation inch = 1.04
|Dec precipitation inch = 1.50
|year precipitation inch =

|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 5.4
|Feb precipitation days = 5.4
|Mar precipitation days = 4.6
|Apr precipitation days = 2.0
|May precipitation days = 2.2
|Jun precipitation days = 3.5
|Jul precipitation days = 13.1
|Aug precipitation days = 12.6
|Sep precipitation days = 6.3
|Oct precipitation days = 4.2
|Nov precipitation days = 4.0
|Dec precipitation days = 5.5

|Jan snow inch = 1.3
|Feb snow inch = 0.5
|Mar snow inch = 0.2
|Apr snow inch = 0.0
|May snow inch = 0.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.1
|Nov snow inch = 0.4
|Dec snow inch = 1.2
|year snow inch =

|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 0.5
|Feb snow days = 0.5
|Mar snow days = 0.1
|Apr snow days = 0.0
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.1
|Nov snow days = 0.2
|Dec snow days = 0.4

|source 1 = NOAA<ref name = NOAA>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00021664&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Chiricahua NM, AZ
|access-date = March 26, 2023
}}
</ref>
|source 2 = National Weather Service<ref name = NOWData>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=twc
|publisher = National Weather Service
|title = NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Tucson
|access-date = March 26, 2023
}}
</ref>
}}

==See also==
{{Portal-inline|Arizona}}
* ]
* ]


==References== ==References==
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== External links == == External links ==
{{wikivoyage}}
{{commonscat|Chiricahua National Monument}}
* * {{commons category-inline|Chiricahua National Monument}}
* – ]
*


{{commons category|Chiricahua National Monument Historic Designed Landscape}}
{{AZ Parks}} {{AZ Parks}}
{{National Monuments of the United States}}

{{Registered Historic Places}} {{Registered Historic Places}}
{{Cochise County Topics}}
{{authority control}}


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Latest revision as of 06:18, 5 January 2025

National monument in southeastern Arizona

Chiricahua National Monument
IUCN category V (protected landscape/seascape)
Rock formation on Echo Canyon Trail
Map showing the location of Chiricahua National MonumentMap showing the location of Chiricahua National MonumentLocation in the United StatesShow map of ArizonaMap showing the location of Chiricahua National MonumentMap showing the location of Chiricahua National MonumentLocation in ArizonaShow map of the United States
LocationCochise County, Arizona, United States
Nearest cityWillcox, Arizona
Coordinates32°00′20″N 109°21′24″W / 32.00569°N 109.35672°W / 32.00569; -109.35672
Area12,025 acres (48.66 km)
CreatedApril 18, 1924 (1924-April-18)
Visitors60,577 (in 2018)
Governing bodyNational Park Service
WebsiteChiricahua National Monument

Chiricahua National Monument is a unit of the National Park System located in the Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern Arizona. The monument was established on April 18, 1924, to protect its extensive hoodoos and balancing rocks. The Faraway Ranch, which was owned at one time by Swedish immigrants Neil and Emma Erickson, is also preserved within the monument.

Just over 85% of the monument is protected as the Chiricahua National Monument Wilderness.

Geology

Located approximately 36 miles (58 km) southeast of Willcox, Arizona, the monument preserves the remains of an immense volcanic eruption that shook the region about 27 million years ago. The thick, white-hot ash spewed forth from the nearby Turkey Creek Caldera, cooled and hardened into rhyolitic tuff, laying down almost 2,000 ft (610 m) of highly siliceous, dark volcanic ash and pumice. The volcanic material eventually eroded into the natural rock formations of the present monument.

History

President Calvin Coolidge established the national monument with the Antiquities Act on April 18, 1924. It was expanded by President Franklin Roosevelt on June 10, 1938.

Missing naturalist

On January 13, 1980, Paul Fugate, a National Park Service naturalist and law enforcement ranger, disappeared after leaving the monument headquarters while in uniform, to check trails leading to the recently acquired Faraway Ranch. An acquaintance claimed to have seen him later that afternoon, slumped between two men in a pickup truck. Despite an extensive search of the rugged 17 sq mi (44 km) monument area by authorities and search and rescue teams, no trace of him has been found.

Historic Designed Landscape

United States historic place
Chiricahua National Monument Historic Designed Landscape
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. Historic district
Location12856 E. Rhyolite Canyon Rd., Chiricahua National Monument, near Willcox, Arizona
Areaapprox. 10,000 acres
Built1924–1940
MPSHistoric Park Landscapes in National and State Parks MPS
NRHP reference No.08001020
Added to NRHPOctober 31, 2008

Chiricahua National Monument Historic Designed Landscape is a historic district that covers roughly 80% of the national monument. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 31, 2008.

It was the 18th property listed as a featured property of the week in a program of the National Park Service that began in July 2008.

Proposed redesignation

In 2022, the US Senate passed S. 1320 to redesignate the monument as a national park. The bill did not make it out of committee in the House and died with the conclusion of the 117th Congress. In early 2023, Senator Mark Kelly introduced S. 736 in the Senate, while Representative Juan Ciscomani introduced HR 1479 in the House to redesignate the Monument as a Park. The 2023 bills passed out of committee in the Senate but have not passed out of committee in the House.

Visitor center

Park map (click on map to enlarge)

A visitor center is located 2 miles (3.2 km) from the entrance to Chiricahua National Monument. The visitor center has exhibits relating to the geology, natural history, and cultural history of the area. A park ranger is available to provide visitors with trail guides and information. The main road, Bonita Canyon Drive, ventures 8 mi (13 km) east through the park, ending at Massai Point. Approximately 17 mi (27 km) of trails lead hikers through various ecosystems of meadows, forests, and rock formations.

The visitor center has a free shuttle that leaves each morning at 9:00 am. The shuttle takes hikers to the Echo Canyon or Massai Point trailheads. Hikers return to the visitor center by following the designated trails.

Gallery

  • Big Balanced Rock along the Heart of Rocks trail Big Balanced Rock along the Heart of Rocks trail
  • Stone columns, called hoodoos, are the most common formation in the monument Stone columns, called hoodoos, are the most common formation in the monument
  • Hoodoos in Totem Canyon Hoodoos in Totem Canyon
180° panoramic view of Chiricahua National Monument

Climate

According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Chiricahua National Monument has a hot-summer mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csa" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded at Chiricahua National Monument was 109 °F (42.8 °C) on July 13, 1909, while the coldest temperature recorded was −10 °F (−23.3 °C) on January 7, 1913.

Climate data for Chiricahua National Monument, Arizona, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1909–2007
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 80
(27) 		80
(27) 		86
(30) 		93
(34) 		104
(40) 		108
(42) 		109
(43) 		103
(39) 		100
(38) 		95
(35) 		85
(29) 		82
(28) 		109
(43)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 56.0
(13.3) 		60.6
(15.9) 		66.5
(19.2) 		73.8
(23.2) 		82.7
(28.2) 		91.4
(33.0) 		90.2
(32.3) 		86.7
(30.4) 		83.8
(28.8) 		76.4
(24.7) 		66.4
(19.1) 		55.7
(13.2) 		74.2
(23.4)
Daily mean °F (°C) 43.1
(6.2) 		46.6
(8.1) 		51.5
(10.8) 		57.2
(14.0) 		65.7
(18.7) 		74.2
(23.4) 		75.1
(23.9) 		73.4
(23.0) 		70.2
(21.2) 		61.8
(16.6) 		52.0
(11.1) 		43.1
(6.2) 		59.5
(15.3)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 30.3
(−0.9) 		32.6
(0.3) 		36.5
(2.5) 		40.5
(4.7) 		48.8
(9.3) 		57.0
(13.9) 		60.0
(15.6) 		60.0
(15.6) 		56.6
(13.7) 		47.2
(8.4) 		37.5
(3.1) 		30.5
(−0.8) 		44.8
(7.1)
Record low °F (°C) −10
(−23) 		7
(−14) 		10
(−12) 		20
(−7) 		19
(−7) 		35
(2) 		40
(4) 		44
(7) 		33
(1) 		21
(−6) 		8
(−13) 		−1
(−18) 		−10
(−23)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 1.32
(34) 		1.28
(33) 		1.19
(30) 		0.27
(6.9) 		0.30
(7.6) 		0.86
(22) 		3.81
(97) 		4.56
(116) 		1.59
(40) 		0.99
(25) 		1.04
(26) 		1.50
(38) 		18.71
(475.5)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 1.3
(3.3) 		0.5
(1.3) 		0.2
(0.51) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.1
(0.25) 		0.4
(1.0) 		1.2
(3.0) 		3.7
(9.36)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 5.4 5.4 4.6 2.0 2.2 3.5 13.1 12.6 6.3 4.2 4.0 5.5 68.8
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.4 1.8
Source 1: NOAA
Source 2: National Weather Service

See also

flag Arizona portal

References

  1. "National Park Service Acreage Reports". Retrieved January 31, 2022.
  2. "NPS Annual Recreation Visits Report". National Park Service. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
  3. "Chiricahua National Monument: Nature & Science". National Park Service. Retrieved July 3, 2011.
  4. "Wilderness Connect". wilderness.net. Retrieved August 31, 2019.
  5. "Geology Field Notes: Chiricahua National Monument, Arizona". National Park Service. Retrieved July 3, 2011.
  6. "The Mystery of a Missing Naturalist May Lead to Legal Test of Dismissal". New York Times. August 16, 1981. p. 63. Retrieved May 20, 2018.
  7. Smith, Rick (March 5, 2009). "Where in the World is Paul Fugate?". National Parks Traveler. nationalparkstraveler.org. Retrieved May 20, 2018.
  8. Borrell, Brendan (July 1, 2021). "The Search for a Ranger Who Was Lost and Never Found". Outside. Retrieved December 8, 2023.
  9. ^ "Announcements and actions on properties for the National Register of Historic Places, November 7, 2008". New listings. National Park Service. Retrieved November 12, 2008.
  10. ^ Pinto, Robin Lothrop and R. Brooks Jeffery and Mike Lovato (May 21, 2007). "National Register of Historic Places Nomination: Chiricahua National Monument Historic Designed Landscape / Wonderland of Rocks / Rhyolite Park / The Pinnacles/ Say Yahdesut "Point of Rocks"" (PDF). National Park Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 26, 2017. (268 pages including 17 maps and 199 photos, exterior and interior)
  11. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  12. "Weekly List Actions". National Park Service. Retrieved November 12, 2008.
  13. Kelty, Bennito L. "Senate OKs bill to establish Chiricahua National Park, measure still awaits House action". TucsonSentinel.com. TucsonSentinel.com. Retrieved January 2, 2023.
  14. "S.1320 — 117th Congress (2021-2022)". congress.gov. Library of Congress. Retrieved January 2, 2023.
  15. US Congress (July 19, 2023). "Senate Bill 736, 118th Congress". Congress.gov. Retrieved March 25, 2024.
  16. US Congress, Library of Congress (March 22, 2023). "All Information (Except Text) for H.R.1479 - Chiricahua National Park Act". Congress.gov. Retrieved March 25, 2024.
  17. "Chiricahua National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
  18. ^ "NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Tucson". National Weather Service. Retrieved March 26, 2023.
  19. "U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Chiricahua NM, AZ". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 26, 2023.

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