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			{{Short description\|Indian politician}}
	{{otheruses\|Tytler}}{{POV\|date=March 2009}}<!--Biased info on this page, biased in favour of Tytler-->
			{{Use dmy dates\|date=June 2015}}
	{{Infobox_Indian_politician
			{{Use Indian English\|date=June 2015}}
	\| name = Jagdish Tytler
			{{Infobox officeholder
	<!-- Commented out because image was deleted: \| image = Jagdish Tytler.jpg -->
			\| name = Jagdish Tytler
	\| caption =
			\| image = Jagdish Tytler in Mumbai on January 6, 2005.jpg
	\| birth_date ={{Birth date and age\|1944\|1\|11\|df=y}}
			\| caption = Jagdish Tytler in 2005
	\| birth_place =]
			\| birth_name = Jagdish Kapoor
	\| residence = ]
			\| birth_date = {{Birth date and age\|1944\|08\|17\|df=y}}
	\| death_date =
			\| birth_place = ], ], ]<br> (now in ], ])
	\| death_place =
			\| nationality = ]n
	\| salary =
			\| residence = ]
	\| term =
			\| death_date =
	\| predecessor =
			\| death_place =
	\| successor =
			\| office = ]
	\| party =]
			\| term_start = {{Start date\|1991\|\|}}
	\| religion = ]<ref>http://www.outlookindia.com/full.asp?fodname=20050808&fname=pudrpucl&sid=17&pn=</ref>
			\| term_end = {{end date\|1996\|\|}}
	\| spouse =
	\| ~~children~~ =		\| predecessor =
	\| ~~website~~ =		\| successor =
			\| party = ]
	\| footnotes =
			\| known_for =
	\| date = September 16
			\| spouse =
	\| year = 2006
			\| children =
			\| website =
			\| footnotes =
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	}}		}}
			'''Jagdish Tytler''' (born '''Jagdish Kapoor'''; 17 August 1944) is an Indian politician and former ]. He has held several government positions, the last being as ], a post from which he resigned after publication of a report by an official commission of inquiry, known as the ].

			The commission had noted that he "very probably" had a hand in organising attacks on the ] community in Delhi after Sikh bodyguards assassinated the ], ], during the ]. He has not been charged with any crimes related to those riots. Currently he is serving as permanent committee member of Delhi Pradesh Congress Committee.
	'''Jagdish Tytler''' (b. ], ] as Jagdish Kapoor) is a controversial ] politician, and former member of Indian Parliament. He was the Indian Union Minister of State for Overseas Indian Affairs, a position he resigned from after an official commission of inquiry noted the 'balance of probability' indicated he was responsible for inciting and leading murderous mobs against the ] community in Delhi during the ], a charge he denies.

			Due to the controversy concerning his involvement in the riots, the Congress party dropped his name as the candidate for the ].<ref>, SAGE, p.95, Sanjay Kumar</ref>

	== Early days ==		== Early days ==
			Tytler was born on 17 August 1944 as Jagdish Kapoor to a Hindu father and Sikh mother in the ]i family of ] in ].<ref name="Bartrop">{{cite book \|author1=Bartrop, Paul R. \|author-link1=Paul R. Bartrop \|title=A Biographical Encyclopedia of Contemporary Genocide: Portraits of Evil and Good \|date=2012 \|publisher=] \|isbn=978-0313386787 \|page=318 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=55NPpA6EvyMC&pg=PA318 \|access-date=2 July 2019 \|quote=Jagdish Tytler is a former Indian federal minister accused in several official commissions with responsibility for facilitating murderous anti-Sikh riots and massacres in 1984 but subsequently cleared by police. He was born on January 11, 1944, as Jagdish Kapoor, in the city of Gujranwala, Punjab, to a Hindu father and a Sikh mother.}}</ref> He was brought up by the educationist ], the founder of many public schools including the ] and the ].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=1971 \|title=Bio-Data of Jagdish Singh Tytler \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040628073826/http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=1971 \|archive-date=2004-06-28 \|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India \|date=14 July 2004}}</ref> In 2011, his entry into the ] at ], which is reserved only for Hindus, caused questions about his religion, to be raised in the ].<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/ruckus-in-orissa-assembly-over-tytler-s-jagannath-temple-visit-94812 \|title=Ruckus in Orissa assembly over Tytler's Jagannath Temple visit \|work=NDTV \|agency=PTI \|date=28 March 2011 \|access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref> Tytler denied having converted to Christianity, and stated that he had changed his name to show his gratitude towards James Douglas Tytler, who had brought him up.<ref name=telegraph12>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/odisha/jagdish-tytler-clarifies-bjd-cries-riots-politics-over-temple-trip-takes-centre-stage-as-congress-leader-is-back-in-state/cid/420772\|title=Jagdish Tytler clarifies, BJD cries riots - Politics over temple trip takes centre stage as Congress leader is back in state\|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>
	]
	Tytler was born (b. August 17, 1944 as Jagdish Kapoor) in ] (now in ]), to a Hindu father (Kapoor family) and mother. <ref>http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=1971 Bio-Data of Jagdish Singh Tytler</ref>.

			As a member of Congress' youth organization he was first elected to the ] in ]. He served as a Union Minister first in the Civil Aviation department and then in the Labor department. He was re-elected in ] and served as the Union ] for Surface Transport. In ], he was re-elected to the Lok Sabha.<ref name="bio">{{cite web \|url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=2942&lastls=14 \|title=Fourteenth Lok Sabha: Members Bioprofile \|publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat \|access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref>
	He was brought up by the eminent educationist, James Douglas Tytler, who was the founder of many public schools including the ] and the ].<ref name="pib">. Press Information Bureau, Government of India.</ref>

			==1984 anti-Sikh riots ==
	He was highly influenced by Mr. James Douglas Tytler and therefore, to show his gratitude towards Mr. James Douglas Tytler he acquired his surname. Since then Jagdish Kapoor was called Jagdish Tytler.
			Tytler has been accused of involvement in the 1984 anti-Sikh riots in India, a charge that he denies. The riots had occurred after Sikh bodyguards ] Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. Tytler stated that he was present at ] for the funeral ceremony with Gandhi's body and was in mourning at the time when these events occurred at Gurudwara Pulbangash, situated near Azad Market.<ref name="BBC_Feb2014"/><ref name="IE_no_fresh_FIR">{{cite news \|title=No fresh FIR against Congress leader Jagdish Tytler, CBI tells Delhi court \|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/influencing-witness-no-fresh-fir-against-jagdish-tytler-cbi-to-court/ \|access-date=19 January 2019 \|publisher=The Indian Express \|date=9 July 2015 \|language=en-IN}}</ref> He has not been charged with any crimes related to the 1984 riots.<ref name="no_charges">{{cite news \|title=Clips show Jagdish Tytler confessing about riots: Sikh leader \|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/clips-show-tytler-confessing-about-riots-sikh-leader/articleshow/62796479.cms \|work=The Times of India \|access-date=16 January 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206142547/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/clips-show-tytler-confessing-about-riots-sikh-leader/articleshow/62796479.cms \|archive-date=6 February 2018 \|url-status=live \|df=dmy-all }}</ref>

			In April 2004, the Indian National Congress announced Jagdish Tytler as its candidates for ] elections for constituencies in and around Delhi.
	Active in the Congress' youth organisation and a disciple of ], he was first elected to the ] in 1980. He served as a Union Minister first in the Civil Aviation department and then in the Labor department. He was re-elected in 1991 and served as the Union ] for Surface Transport. In 2004, he was re-elected to the Lok Sabha.

			In 2019, Tytler said of the controversy surrounding the anti-Sikh riot accusations that {{blockquote\|I do not understand why is this controversy. There were 5,000 people at the function, I was one of them. There is no ] against me. CBI cleared me three times in its inquiry. You should ask the BJP if there is any FIR against me.<ref name="statement_FIR">{{cite news \|title=Sheila Dikshit backs Jagdish Tytler's presence at her charge taking ceremony amid attacks by AAP, BJP \|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/dikshit-backs-tytlers-presence-at-her-charge-taking-ceremony-amid-attacks-by-aap-bjp/articleshow/67559960.cms \|access-date=16 January 2019 \|work=The Times of India \|date=16 January 2019}}</ref> }}
	==1984 anti-Sikh pograms==

			===Nanavati Commission===
	The official report of the ] of the ] on the ] found 'credible evidence' against Tytler, saying he 'very probably' had a hand in organising the attacks. The Indian government, however, decided not to prosecute Jagdish Tytler due to lack of concrete evidence.
			The report of the Nanavati Commission looking into the 1984 anti-Sikh riots said that Tytler "very probably" had a hand in organising the attacks. The then Congress-led ], however, decided not to prosecute him or anyone else named in the report due to lack of concrete evidence.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Indian politicians clash over report on anti-Sikh riots \|work=CBC News \|date=9 August 2005 \|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/indian-politicians-clash-over-report-on-anti-sikh-riots-1.519021 \|access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref>

			Tytler, who had been appointed minister of state with independent charge of non-resident affairs, claimed innocence, saying that it was a case of mistaken identity.{{citation needed\|date=January 2019}} He said he had not been in the area at the time and that eight earlier commissions of inquiry had exonerated him.<ref>{{cite news \|work=Rediff \|url=http://in.rediff.com/news/2005/aug/08nanavati2.htm \|title=I am innocent: Tytler \|date=8 August 2005 \|access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref> On 10 August 2005, he resigned from the Union Council of Ministers, stating that it was his "moral duty" to do so to prevent opposition parties making political capital out of the situation following release of the Nanavati report.<ref>{{cite news \|date=10 August 2005 \|title=Jagdish Tytler resigns from Union Cabinet \|work=Outlook \|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/jagdish-tytler-resigns-from-union-cabinet/316159 \|access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref>
	Tytler claimed innocence, and maintained that it was a case of mistaken identity. Tytler had not been named by eight earlier inquiry commissions setup to investigate the ]. On ], ], his resignation from the Union Council of Ministers was accepted by the ] on the recommendation of ], ].

			===Defamation allegations===
	On April, 2004 the ] Party announced ], Jagdish Tytler, ] and others allegedly involved in the anti-Sikh riots, as its candidates for ] elections for constituencies in and around Delhi. Sajjan Kumar, R.K.Anand, Darshan Sharstri and H.K.L.Bhagat were accused by several independent commissions of inquiry of being complicit in the riots, including the People's Union for Civil Liberties, the People's Union for Democratic Rights and the ].
			In 2004, lawyer ] filed a case in the ] court against Tytler, accusing Tytler of defaming him during a television programme in the same year.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Tytler granted bail in defamation case \|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/tytler-granted-bail-in-defamation-case-44775-2009-04-18 \|access-date=17 January 2019 \|work=India Today \|date=18 April 2009}}</ref> Tytler had claimed that Phoolka is making money by blackmailing people.<ref></ref> In 2014, Phoolka declined an "unconditional apology" from Tytler as a proposed settlement.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Defamation case: Jagdish Tytler offers apology, H S Phoolka refuses \|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/defamation-case-jagdish-tytler-offers-apology-h-s-phoolka-refuses/articleshow/37647299.cms \|access-date=17 January 2019 \|work=The Economic Times \|date=2 July 2014}}</ref> The court framed charges against Tytler in 2015. As of July 2018, no verdict had been reached.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Defamation case: Jagdish Tytler withdraws plea in HC \|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/defamation-case-jagdish-tytler-withdraws-plea-in-hc-118071201098_1.html \|access-date=17 January 2019 \|work=Business Standard \|date=12 July 2018}}</ref>

	The G.T. ], which is now looking into the riots, continues to receive affidavits from victims with details of the activities of Sajjan, Anand and H.K.L.Bhagat. Tytler became minister of state with independent charge of non-resident affairs, a post which he relinquished under duress, following the Nanavati Commission's report.

	Justice G.T. Nanavati said that Jagdish Tytler stands in a different category as evidence against him is not that strong.<ref></ref>
	===Remarks against Phoolka===

	During an interview of Tytler and advocate ] on NDTV in 2004, Tytler had accused Phoolka of blackmailing him and demanding money from him<ref></ref>. Phoolka had filed the case at the ] court against Tytler accusing him of making defamatory remarks in programmes telecast on NDTV news channel. Harvinder Singh Phoolka, a senior advocate is noted for spearheading legal battle to gain justice for the victims of ]<ref></ref>.

	Recently, Tytler was granted bail in defamation case filed by Phoolka<ref></ref>.

	In an interview to CNN-IBN, Justice Nanavati says the evidence against Jagdish Tytler is not that strong.<ref></ref>.

	=== Reopening of the case in 2007 ===		=== Reopening of the case in 2007 ===
			India's ] (CBI) closed all cases against Tytler in November 2007 for his alleged criminal conspiracy to engineer riots against Sikhs in the aftermath of Indira Gandhi's assassination on 31 October 1984. The CBI submitted a report to the ] court which stated that no evidence or witness had been found to corroborate the allegations of instigating crowd during riot against Tytler.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20071219/main1.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220172927/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20071219/main1.htm\|url-status=dead\|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Main News\|archive-date=20 December 2007\|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7149322.stm \|title=Fresh probe into India politician \|work=BBC News \|date=18 December 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20071219/main1.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207115707/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20071219/main1.htm\|url-status=dead\|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Main News\|archive-date=7 February 2009\|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref>

			On 18 December 2007, the Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate of Delhi court, Sanjeev Jain, who had earlier dismissed the case after the CBI's report to his court, ordered the CBI to reopen cases against Tytler relating to the riots.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/1984-riots-CBI-to-re-investigate-Tytlers-role/articleshow/2630736.cms\|title=1984 riots: CBI to re-investigate Tytler's role \| India News - Times of India\|website=The Times of India\|date=18 December 2007 }}</ref>
	India's ] (CBI) closed all cases against Jagdish Tytler in November 2007 for his alleged criminal conspiracy to engineer ] against Sikhs in the aftermath of ]’s assassination on October 31, 1984. CBI submitted a report to the ] court which stated that no evidence or witness was found to corroborate the allegations against Tytler of leading murderous mobs during 1984 .<ref></ref> It was also alleged in the court that then member of the ] Jagdish Tytler was complaining to his supporters about relatively "small" number of ] killed in his parliamentary constituency ], which in his opinion had undermined his position in the ruling ] party of ].<ref></ref>

			===Clean chit by CBI ===
	However in December 2007, a witness Jasbir Singh, who lives in ], appeared on several private television news channels in India, and stated that he was never contacted by ]. India's main opposition party ] (BJP) demanded an explanation from the minister in charge of CBI in ]. However, Minister of State for Personnel ], who is in charge of department of ], and was present in the parliament session refused to make a statement.<ref></ref>
			In March 2009, the CBI filed its final report on investigation into the riots cases and cleared Jagdish Tytler.<ref name="BBC_Feb2014">{{cite news \|title=Jagdish Tytler: My own daughter asks if I killed Sikhs \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-26237133 \|access-date=16 January 2019 \|publisher=BBC \|date=19 February 2014 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208214313/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-26237133 \|archive-date=8 February 2018 \|url-status=live \|df=dmy-all }}</ref> The ] which was then in opposition alleged that "such a ] ahead of the elections" implied that the CBI had been misused.<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-cbi-files-final-report-in-anti-sikh-riot-case-against-tytler-1243441 \|agency=PTI \|work=DNA \|title=CBI files final report in anti-Sikh riot case against Tytler \|date=28 March 2009 \|access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref> On 2 April, CBI claimed there was lack of sufficient evidence against Tytler and sought to close the riot case.<ref name="TheHindu_CBI_Cleanchit2010" />

			On 7 April 2009, the then Home Minister, ], had ] by ], a Sikh journalist, during a press conference in Delhi. Singh, who works at the ] daily '']'', was dissatisfied with Chidambaram's answer to a question about the "clean chit" given to Tytler.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/news/Journalist-throws-shoe-at-Chidambaram/videoshow/4369344.cms\|title=Journalist throws shoe at Chidambaram \| News - Times of India Videos ►\|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
	On December 18 2007, ''Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate'' of ] court Mr. Sanjeev Jain, who had earlier dismissed the case after ] submitted a misleading report in his court; ordered ]'s ] to reopen cases relating to ] against Jagdish Tytler.<ref></ref>

			In 2010, CBI reiterated the clean chit to Tytler.<ref name="TheHindu_CBI_Cleanchit2010">{{cite news \|title=CBI reiterates clean chit to Tytler \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/CBI-reiterates-clean-chit-to-Tytler/article16813661.ece \|access-date=19 January 2019 \|work=The Hindu \|date=10 February 2010 \|language=en-IN}}</ref>
	=== December 2008 ===

			===Denial of Lok Sabha ticket===
	In December 2008, a two member CBI team was sent to New York to record the statements of two eyewitnesses, Jasbir Singh and Surinder Singh. The two witnesses have stated that they saw Jagdish Tytler lead a mob during the riots, but did not want to come to India as they feared for their security.<ref></ref>
			After the shoe throwing incident, the Congress party dropped both Tytler and Sajjan Kumar as Congress candidates for the Lok Sabha elections of 2009.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200904091817.htm\|title=Congress drops Jagdish Tytler, Sajjan Kumar\|access-date=19 April 2009\|archive-date=4 November 2012\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104055357/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200904091817.htm\|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tytler accused the media of victimizing him through a media trial. Tytler blamed the ] and his "enemies" within the Congress party for scuttling his nomination.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/PoliticsNation/Sheila-shooed-me-out-says-Tytler/articleshow/4387480.cms\|title=Sheila shooed me out, says Tytler\|date=11 April 2009\|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref>

	== ~~Clean~~ ~~chit~~ by ~~CBI~~ in ~~2009~~ ==		===Reiteration of CBI clean chit in 2010===
			In February 2010, at a Delhi court before Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate Rakesh Pandit, the CBI concluded its arguments stating that the witness’ statements were "false and concocted", CBI supported its closure report that gave a clean chit to Tytler in the riots case. The CBI prosecutor stated that "The version of (witness) Jasbir Singh is absolutely false and concocted. He has made statements with an intention to falsely implicate Tytler."<ref name="TheHindu_CBI_Cleanchit2010"/> CBI had examined another witness Surender Singh and his family members who stated that the statements of the witness were not correct. CBI had produced a CD before the court to prove that Tytler was not at the location of riot but was present at the residence of Indira Gandhi.<ref name="TheHindu_CBI_Cleanchit2010"/>

			=== CBI Closure reports and Court decisions to continue CBI Probes ===
	In March 2009, when the CBI filed its final report on investigation into the riots case involving Jagdish Tytler, the ] spokesman Prakash Javadekar alleged that the "such a clean chit ahead of the elections" implied CBI has been misused.<ref name="pti_march_2009">. Press Trust of India.</ref> Hundreds of Sikh protestors gathered outside the Karkardooma courts and raised slogans against Tytler and other senior leaders allegedly involved in the riots.<ref name="pti_march_2009"/>
			In April 2013, a Sessions Court rejected the CBI report and ordered investigation against Tytler.<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sessions-court-rejects-cbis-clean-chit-to-tytler/article4602471.ece \|title=Sessions court rejects CBI's clean chit to Tytler \|work=The Hindu \|date=10 April 2013}}</ref> Witnesses in the subsequent investigation have included ]<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/tytler-clean-chit-meeting-manmohan-arms-dealer-abhishek-verma-255509-2015-06-04\|title=Tytler got clean chit after meeting Manmohan, claims arms dealer\|location=Delhi \|date=June 4, 2015\|website=India Today}}</ref> and ].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/1984-riots-amitabh-bachchan-denies-jagdish-tytlers-alibi-cbi-tells-court-768851\|title=1984 Riots: Amitabh Bachchan Says He Can't Recall Jagdish Tytler at Delhi's Teen Murti\|website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

			CBI filed its third closure report in 2014 (earlier closure reports were filed in 2007 and 2009).<ref></ref> However Delhi's Karkardooma courts rejected the third CBI closure report on 4 December 2015, due to protest petition by Lakhwinder Kaur, and asked the CBI to continue its probe.

			In 2016, CBI questions Tytler for 4 hours.<ref></ref>

			===Advocate HS Phoolka's resolve===
	Eleven Commissions were constituted about the 1984 Anti-Sikh riots. The general public and the people who were affected were asked to file affidavits. No affidavit was given against Shri Jagdish Tytler, by anyone in all the eleven commissions.
			{{main\|H. S. Phoolka}}
			Senior advocate and activist HS Phoolka, who has strived to seek punishment for the accused in the 1984 anti-Sikh riots claimed in 2016 that CBI is shielding Jagdish Tytler, and that Akali Dal-BJP government is doing everything possible to protect Tytler.<ref></ref>
			He stated on 4 December 2019 that "After sending ] to prison, I will now ensure to send ] and Tytler to jail."<ref></ref>

			=== Akali Dal's Proposed Resolution for Tytler's arrest in Punjab Assembly ===
	A twelfth Commission was constituted named the Justice Nanavati Commission.
			In November 2021, the Shirimani Akali Dal president Sukhbir Singh that his party will move a resolution in the upcoming Punjab Assembly session seeking Tytler's arrest.<ref></ref> Responding to that ], Congress MLA from Sonkatch commented that "SAD does not have faith in court. It tries to become judge and pronounce judgement".<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/shiromani-akali-dal-does-not-have-faith-in-courts-says-congress-leader-on-tytler-issue20211106221135/, \|title=ANI, Nov 6, 2021 \|access-date=24 December 2021 \|archive-date=6 November 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106171000/https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/shiromani-akali-dal-does-not-have-faith-in-courts-says-congress-leader-on-tytler-issue20211106221135/ \|url-status=dead }}</ref>
	Two affidavits were filed.

			=== Personal life ===
	1. One by S. Surender Singh, who later withdrew it, where he says that Mr. Phulka, the lawyer had fraudulently got his signature, because he does not know any language except Gurmukhi, and that he had not mentioned Jagdish Tytler’s name.
			He is married to Jennifer, daughter of a Scottish mother and an Irish father, born in Delhi, who is the principal of the J D Tytler School. They have a son, Siddhartha and a daughter.<ref></ref> His son Siddhartha is a fashion designer.<ref></ref>

			Jagdish Tytler was raised by a Christian minister, however he identifies himself as a Hindu. In 2011 his visit to the Jagannath Puri temple created a controversy because non-Hindus are prohibited from entering the temple. Tytler claimed that he is a Hindu and had visited the Puri temple four times in the past.<ref></ref>
	2. The second affidavit by S. Jasbir Singh, where he says that on the 3rd of November, 1984, i.e: three days after the riots, he saw Jagdish Tytler at 11.00 p.m., at the Gate of the T.B. Hospital, Kingsway Camp and had heard him say that “my position has been compromised and lowered in the eyes of the leaders and not enough Sikhs had been killed in my constituency.” He also says that he stayed in the house of S.Sucha Singh and told him everything. (We have affidavit of Jasbir Singh)

			==References==
	3. This is a false affidavit because he never stayed at S. Sucha Singh’s house, because S.Sucha Singh has also submitted an affidavit to the CBI where he says he does not know Jasbir Singh. There is also a press release by S.Sucha Singh where he clearly says that he has never even heard or seen Jasbir Singh. (We have affidavit of S.Sucha Singh and his Press Release.)
			{{reflist}}

			==Further reading==
	4. Delhi was under curfew from the 2nd November onwards. The question of the crowd at the gate of the T.B. Hospital at 11.00 pm (night) on 3rd November, 1984, or Jasbir Singh or Jagdish Tytler’s presence does not arise. (We have Document of the Ministry of Home Affairs as well as an interview of Sucha Singh by Mid Day newspaper.)
			*{{cite news \|title=Jagdish Tytler: A Recap \|first=Sundeep \|last=Dougal \|date=10 April 2013 \|work=Outlook \|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/blog/story/jagdish-tytler-a-recap/2961 \|access-date=2019-01-17}}

			==External links==
	5. S. Jasbir Singh has recently got a lot of publicity where he is coming frequently on the TV Channel where he says that he has run away to America because he was threatened and afraid of Jagdish Tytler.. The truth is that S. Jasbir Singh was charged u/s 308, 506/34 of the IPC for attempt to murder and he jumped bail. There is a open warrant of arrest for him, and he has a bogus passport. There is a warrant for his arrest from the Hon. Court of Hon. Rajiv Mehra, Addl. Sessions Judge and has been declared as a “proclaimed offender” on 21/1/2004 on an FIR No, 129/97 at Police Station Indraprasth Estate, New Delhi. (We have copy of the Orders passed by the Court of Hon. Rajiv Mehra, Addl. Sessions Judge)
			{{commons category}}
			* {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090412141240/http://antisystemic.org/satribune/www.satribune.com/archives/200508/P1_arun2.htm \|date=12 April 2009 }}, After Apology, Congress Tries to Scuttle Sikh Massacre Report

			{{Energy Ministries and Departments of India}}
	6. The IBN-CNN Channel comes out with a false interview of S. Surender Singh.
			{{Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)}}

	7. S. Surender Singh wrote a letter in Gurmukhi to Shri Raj Deep Sardesai of IBN-CNN News Channel where he warns him that he is deliberately manipulating about Jagdish Tytler’s name and says “I had not seen Jagdish Tytler anywhere” and to stop airing fraudulent interviews in his channel. (We have copy of the letter in Gurmukhi)

	8. A notice was given by S.Surender Singh, through his lawyer to Shri Raj Deep Sardesai of the IBN-CNN Channel. (We have copy of the Lawyer’s Notice)

	9. S.Surender Singh’s lawyer also wrote to the Director, CBI about Shri Rajiv Sardesai of IBN-CNN Channel, where he said that S. Surender Singh never mentioned Jagdish Tytler’s name. (We have copy of the letter)

	10. S. Surender Singh also gave out a press release in which he clarified the fraudulently made and mischievious tampered interview by IBN-CNN.(We have copy of Press Release)

	11. S.Surender Singh has given his statement to some reporter in which he has stated the truth in his conversation with the reporter. (We have the Press and Newspaper Clippings. Also the conversation as recorded on video of Shri Surender Singh with the reporter.)

	12. There is a Doordarshan Disc where Jagdish Tytler is seen next to Mrs. Indira Gandhi’s dead body. (We have the timings of the recording)

	Related Addresses and Phone Numbers

	ADDRESSES

	S. Sucha Singh, r/o Kitchen No.1, Outram Lines, KingswayCamp, Delhi 110009 (Telephone No: 65877370)

	Smt. S, Darshan Kaur, w/o Late Ram Singh, (1984 victim), r/o P-67, Raghubir Nagar, Delhi

	Smt. S/ Kamlesh Kaur, sister of Smt. Darshan Kaur, r/o P-67, Raghubir Nagar, Delhi.

	S. Kuljeet Singh Duggal, Secretary, Gurudwara Pul Bangash, (then Executive Member in 1984) Mob: 98114 80149)

	S. Kundan Singh, President, Sri Guru Singh Sabha, (then Vice President in 1984) Mob: 98113 57087)<ref></ref>


	===Shoeing incident instigated by clean chit to Tytler===

	On 7 April 2009, India's home minister ] was ] by ], a ] journalist during a press conference in ] on the issue of clean chit to Jagdish Tytler. Singh, who works at the ] daily ] was dissatisfied with Chidamabaram's answer to a question on the ]'s (CBI) clean chit to Jagdish Tytler on the ] case.<ref></ref>

	===Denial of Lok Sabha ticket===
	After this shoe throwing incident, Jagidsh Tytler himself withdrew his candidature from the Lok Sabha 2009 elections<ref></ref>. Jadgish Tytler accused the media of victimizing him through a media trial. Tytler blamed the ] and his enemies within the Congress party for creating the controversy during elections.

	==See also==
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]

	==References==
	<references />

	==External links==
	{{commonscat}}
	* ] Representative ] in ].]
	*
	* - ] article dated August 8, 2005
	*
	*
	* After Apology, Congress Tries to Scuttle Sikh Massacre Report
	*

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Latest revision as of 15:59, 5 January 2025

Indian politician

Jagdish Tytler
Jagdish Tytler in 2005

Minister of State for Overseas Indian Affairs
In office 1991 (1991)–1996 (1996)

Personal details
Born	Jagdish Kapoor (1944-08-17) 17 August 1944 (age 80) Gujranwala, Punjab, British India (now in Punjab, Pakistan)
Political party	Indian National Congress
Residence	New Delhi

Jagdish Tytler (born Jagdish Kapoor; 17 August 1944) is an Indian politician and former Member of Parliament. He has held several government positions, the last being as Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Overseas Indian Affairs, a post from which he resigned after publication of a report by an official commission of inquiry, known as the Nanavati Commission.

The commission had noted that he "very probably" had a hand in organising attacks on the Sikh community in Delhi after Sikh bodyguards assassinated the Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi, during the 1984 anti-Sikh riots. He has not been charged with any crimes related to those riots. Currently he is serving as permanent committee member of Delhi Pradesh Congress Committee.

Due to the controversy concerning his involvement in the riots, the Congress party dropped his name as the candidate for the 2009 Lok Sabha elections.

Early days

Tytler was born on 17 August 1944 as Jagdish Kapoor to a Hindu father and Sikh mother in the Punjabi family of Gujranwala in British India. He was brought up by the educationist James Douglas Tytler, the founder of many public schools including the Delhi Public School and the Summer Fields School. In 2011, his entry into the Jagannath Temple at Puri, which is reserved only for Hindus, caused questions about his religion, to be raised in the Odisha Legislative Assembly. Tytler denied having converted to Christianity, and stated that he had changed his name to show his gratitude towards James Douglas Tytler, who had brought him up.

As a member of Congress' youth organization he was first elected to the Lok Sabha in 1980. He served as a Union Minister first in the Civil Aviation department and then in the Labor department. He was re-elected in 1991 and served as the Union Minister of State for Surface Transport. In 2004, he was re-elected to the Lok Sabha.

1984 anti-Sikh riots

Tytler has been accused of involvement in the 1984 anti-Sikh riots in India, a charge that he denies. The riots had occurred after Sikh bodyguards assassinated Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. Tytler stated that he was present at Teen Murti Bhavan for the funeral ceremony with Gandhi's body and was in mourning at the time when these events occurred at Gurudwara Pulbangash, situated near Azad Market. He has not been charged with any crimes related to the 1984 riots.

In April 2004, the Indian National Congress announced Jagdish Tytler as its candidates for Indian Parliament elections for constituencies in and around Delhi.

In 2019, Tytler said of the controversy surrounding the anti-Sikh riot accusations that

I do not understand why is this controversy. There were 5,000 people at the function, I was one of them. There is no FIR against me. CBI cleared me three times in its inquiry. You should ask the BJP if there is any FIR against me.

Nanavati Commission

The report of the Nanavati Commission looking into the 1984 anti-Sikh riots said that Tytler "very probably" had a hand in organising the attacks. The then Congress-led Government of India, however, decided not to prosecute him or anyone else named in the report due to lack of concrete evidence.

Tytler, who had been appointed minister of state with independent charge of non-resident affairs, claimed innocence, saying that it was a case of mistaken identity. He said he had not been in the area at the time and that eight earlier commissions of inquiry had exonerated him. On 10 August 2005, he resigned from the Union Council of Ministers, stating that it was his "moral duty" to do so to prevent opposition parties making political capital out of the situation following release of the Nanavati report.

Defamation allegations

In 2004, lawyer H. S. Phoolka filed a case in the Ludhiana court against Tytler, accusing Tytler of defaming him during a television programme in the same year. Tytler had claimed that Phoolka is making money by blackmailing people. In 2014, Phoolka declined an "unconditional apology" from Tytler as a proposed settlement. The court framed charges against Tytler in 2015. As of July 2018, no verdict had been reached.

Reopening of the case in 2007

India's Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) closed all cases against Tytler in November 2007 for his alleged criminal conspiracy to engineer riots against Sikhs in the aftermath of Indira Gandhi's assassination on 31 October 1984. The CBI submitted a report to the Delhi court which stated that no evidence or witness had been found to corroborate the allegations of instigating crowd during riot against Tytler.

On 18 December 2007, the Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate of Delhi court, Sanjeev Jain, who had earlier dismissed the case after the CBI's report to his court, ordered the CBI to reopen cases against Tytler relating to the riots.

Clean chit by CBI

In March 2009, the CBI filed its final report on investigation into the riots cases and cleared Jagdish Tytler. The BJP which was then in opposition alleged that "such a clean chit ahead of the elections" implied that the CBI had been misused. On 2 April, CBI claimed there was lack of sufficient evidence against Tytler and sought to close the riot case.

On 7 April 2009, the then Home Minister, P. Chidambaram, had a shoe thrown at him by Jarnail Singh, a Sikh journalist, during a press conference in Delhi. Singh, who works at the Hindi daily Dainik Jagran, was dissatisfied with Chidambaram's answer to a question about the "clean chit" given to Tytler.

In 2010, CBI reiterated the clean chit to Tytler.

Denial of Lok Sabha ticket

After the shoe throwing incident, the Congress party dropped both Tytler and Sajjan Kumar as Congress candidates for the Lok Sabha elections of 2009. Tytler accused the media of victimizing him through a media trial. Tytler blamed the Shiromani Akali Dal and his "enemies" within the Congress party for scuttling his nomination.

Reiteration of CBI clean chit in 2010

In February 2010, at a Delhi court before Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate Rakesh Pandit, the CBI concluded its arguments stating that the witness’ statements were "false and concocted", CBI supported its closure report that gave a clean chit to Tytler in the riots case. The CBI prosecutor stated that "The version of (witness) Jasbir Singh is absolutely false and concocted. He has made statements with an intention to falsely implicate Tytler." CBI had examined another witness Surender Singh and his family members who stated that the statements of the witness were not correct. CBI had produced a CD before the court to prove that Tytler was not at the location of riot but was present at the residence of Indira Gandhi.

CBI Closure reports and Court decisions to continue CBI Probes

In April 2013, a Sessions Court rejected the CBI report and ordered investigation against Tytler. Witnesses in the subsequent investigation have included Abhishek Verma and Amitabh Bachchan.

CBI filed its third closure report in 2014 (earlier closure reports were filed in 2007 and 2009). However Delhi's Karkardooma courts rejected the third CBI closure report on 4 December 2015, due to protest petition by Lakhwinder Kaur, and asked the CBI to continue its probe.

In 2016, CBI questions Tytler for 4 hours.

Advocate HS Phoolka's resolve

Main article: H. S. Phoolka

Senior advocate and activist HS Phoolka, who has strived to seek punishment for the accused in the 1984 anti-Sikh riots claimed in 2016 that CBI is shielding Jagdish Tytler, and that Akali Dal-BJP government is doing everything possible to protect Tytler. He stated on 4 December 2019 that "After sending Sajjan Kumar to prison, I will now ensure to send Kamal Nath and Tytler to jail."

Akali Dal's Proposed Resolution for Tytler's arrest in Punjab Assembly

In November 2021, the Shirimani Akali Dal president Sukhbir Singh that his party will move a resolution in the upcoming Punjab Assembly session seeking Tytler's arrest. Responding to that Sajjan Singh Verma, Congress MLA from Sonkatch commented that "SAD does not have faith in court. It tries to become judge and pronounce judgement".

Personal life

He is married to Jennifer, daughter of a Scottish mother and an Irish father, born in Delhi, who is the principal of the J D Tytler School. They have a son, Siddhartha and a daughter. His son Siddhartha is a fashion designer.

Jagdish Tytler was raised by a Christian minister, however he identifies himself as a Hindu. In 2011 his visit to the Jagannath Puri temple created a controversy because non-Hindus are prohibited from entering the temple. Tytler claimed that he is a Hindu and had visited the Puri temple four times in the past.

References

Changing Electoral Politics in Delhi: From Caste to Class, SAGE, p.95, Sanjay Kumar
Bartrop, Paul R. (2012). A Biographical Encyclopedia of Contemporary Genocide: Portraits of Evil and Good. ABC-CLIO. p. 318. ISBN 978-0313386787. Retrieved 2 July 2019. Jagdish Tytler is a former Indian federal minister accused in several official commissions with responsibility for facilitating murderous anti-Sikh riots and massacres in 1984 but subsequently cleared by police. He was born on January 11, 1944, as Jagdish Kapoor, in the city of Gujranwala, Punjab, to a Hindu father and a Sikh mother.
"Bio-Data of Jagdish Singh Tytler". Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 14 July 2004. Archived from the original on 28 June 2004.
"Ruckus in Orissa assembly over Tytler's Jagannath Temple visit". NDTV. PTI. 28 March 2011. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
"Jagdish Tytler clarifies, BJD cries riots - Politics over temple trip takes centre stage as Congress leader is back in state". www.telegraphindia.com.
"Fourteenth Lok Sabha: Members Bioprofile". Lok Sabha Secretariat. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
^ "Jagdish Tytler: My own daughter asks if I killed Sikhs". BBC. 19 February 2014. Archived from the original on 8 February 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
"No fresh FIR against Congress leader Jagdish Tytler, CBI tells Delhi court". The Indian Express. 9 July 2015. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
"Clips show Jagdish Tytler confessing about riots: Sikh leader". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 6 February 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
"Sheila Dikshit backs Jagdish Tytler's presence at her charge taking ceremony amid attacks by AAP, BJP". The Times of India. 16 January 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
"Indian politicians clash over report on anti-Sikh riots". CBC News. 9 August 2005. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
"I am innocent: Tytler". Rediff. 8 August 2005. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
"Jagdish Tytler resigns from Union Cabinet". Outlook. 10 August 2005. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
"Tytler granted bail in defamation case". India Today. 18 April 2009. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
Court frames charges against Tytler, The Hindu, March 3, 2015
"Defamation case: Jagdish Tytler offers apology, H S Phoolka refuses". The Economic Times. 2 July 2014. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
"Defamation case: Jagdish Tytler withdraws plea in HC". Business Standard. 12 July 2018. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
"The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Main News". www.tribuneindia.com. Archived from the original on 20 December 2007.
"Fresh probe into India politician". BBC News. 18 December 2007.
"The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Main News". www.tribuneindia.com. Archived from the original on 7 February 2009.
"1984 riots: CBI to re-investigate Tytler's role | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. 18 December 2007.
"CBI files final report in anti-Sikh riot case against Tytler". DNA. PTI. 28 March 2009. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
^ "CBI reiterates clean chit to Tytler". The Hindu. 10 February 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
"Journalist throws shoe at Chidambaram | News - Times of India Videos ►". The Times of India.
"Congress drops Jagdish Tytler, Sajjan Kumar". Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 19 April 2009.
"Sheila shooed me out, says Tytler". The Economic Times. 11 April 2009.
"Sessions court rejects CBI's clean chit to Tytler". The Hindu. 10 April 2013.
"Tytler got clean chit after meeting Manmohan, claims arms dealer". India Today. Delhi. 4 June 2015.
"1984 Riots: Amitabh Bachchan Says He Can't Recall Jagdish Tytler at Delhi's Teen Murti". NDTV.com.
Security of witness against Tytler reinstated, Tribune India, Aug 19, 2020
CBI Examines Jagdish Tytler In Connection With 1984 Anti-Sikh Riots, Outlook India, Nov 22, 2016
H S Phoolka: CBI shielding Tytler in 1984 riots case, Mumbai Mirror, Oct 24, 2016
Fight not over, will ensure Kamal Nath, Tytler go to jail: Phoolka
Akalis to move resolution against Tytler's appointment to Delhi Congress Committee, New Indian Express, Nov 6, 2021
"ANI, Nov 6, 2021". Archived from the original on 6 November 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
Support system, Telegraph, 01.04.06
I have a much bolder, stronger woman with more adventurous mentally: Designer Siddartha Tytler, The Daily Guardian, August 12, 2021
I am a Hindu, roars Tytler, Siraj Muhammad, March 20, 2011

External links

antisystemic.org Archived 12 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine, After Apology, Congress Tries to Scuttle Sikh Massacre Report

Energy ministries and departments of India

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