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			{{About\|a hamlet of Nunavut\|the electoral district of the same name\|Kugluktuk (electoral district)}}
	{{Infobox Settlement
			{{Use Canadian English\|date=December 2022}}
			{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2022}}
			{{Infobox settlement
	\|official_name = Kugluktuk		\|official_name = Kugluktuk
	\|native_name = Qurluqtuq<br>ᖁᕐᓗᖅᑐᖅ		\|native_name = Qurluqtuq<br />ᖁᕐᓗᖅᑐᖅ
			\|settlement_type = ]
	{{Location map polarx
	\| CanadaGeo
	\| caption =
	\| lon_shift = 4.1
	\| label=
	\| label-size=70 \| lat_skew=1.2
	\| background = #DDDD22<!--(yellow) aqua=#44CCDD-->
	\| position=top<!--left/right/bottom-->
	\| lat = 67.825556
	\| long = -115.095
	\| mark=Red_pog.svg
	\| marksize=8<!-- default 8, 1=none-->
	\| width=250<!--map width-->
	\| float=right<!--left/center-->
	}}
	\|settlement_type = ]
	\|image_skyline = Kugluktuk.jpg		\|image_skyline = Kugluktuk.jpg
	\|image_caption = Hill top view of Kugluktuk		\|image_caption = Hill top view of Kugluktuk
			\|pushpin_map = Canada Nunavut#Canada
	\|subdivision_type = Country
			\|subdivision_type = Country
	\|subdivision_name = {{CAN}}
			\|subdivision_name = Canada
	\|subdivision_type1 = Territory
			\|subdivision_type1 = ]
	\|subdivision_name1 = {{NU}}
			\|subdivision_name1 = ]
	\|subdivision_type2 = Region
	\|~~subdivision_name2~~ = ]		\|subdivision_type2 = ]
			\|subdivision_name2 = ]
	\|subdivision_type3 = ]
			\|subdivision_type3 = ]
	\|subdivision_name3 = ]		\|subdivision_name3 = ]
	\|government_footnotes =<ref></ref><ref>~~</ref>~~		\|government_footnotes =<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://kugluktuk.ca/p/council \|title=Hamlet of Kugluktuk\|access-date=31 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.elections.nu.ca/sites/default/files/documents/2021%20GE%20Results_0.pdf \|title=2021 General Election\|access-date=26 December 2022\|publisher=]}}</ref>
	\|leader_title = Mayor		\|leader_title = Mayor
	\|leader_name = ~~Allen~~ ~~Niptanatiak~~		\|leader_name = Ryan Nivingalok
	\|leader_title1 = ]		\|leader_title1 = ]
	\|leader_name1 = ]		\|leader_name1 = ]
	\|area_footnotes =<ref name=~~"census2006"~~/>		\|area_footnotes = (2021)<ref name=2021census/>
	\|~~area_total_km2~~ = ~~549~~.61		\|area_land_km2 = 538.99
	\|population_as_of = ~~2006~~		\|population_as_of = 2021
	\|population_footnotes =<ref name=~~"census2006"~~/>		\|population_footnotes = <ref name=2021census/>
	\|population_total = ~~1302~~		\|population_total = 1,382
	\|population_density_km2 = ~~auto~~		\|population_density_km2 = 2.6
			\|population_blank1_title = {{abbr\|]\|Designated place}}<ref name=2021census2/>
	\|timezone = ]
			\|population_blank1 = 956
	\|utc_offset = -7
			\|timezone = ]
	\|timezone_DST = MDT
			\|utc_offset = −07:00
	\|utc_offset_DST = -6
			\|timezone_DST = MDT
	\|latd= 67 \|latm= 49 \|lats= 32 \|latNS=N
			\|utc_offset_DST = −06:00
	\|longd= 115 \|longm= 05 \|longs= 42 \|longEW=W
	\|~~coordinates_type~~ = region:CA-NU_type:city_scale:20000		\|coordinates = {{coord\|67\|49\|36\|N\|115\|05\|36\|W\|region:CA-NU_type:city_scale:20000\|notes=<ref>{{Cite cgndb\|OAUDO\|Kugluktuk}}</ref>\|display=inline,title}}
			\|elevation_footnotes = <ref>Elevation at airport. {{CFS}}</ref>
	\|coordinates_display= inline,title
			\|elevation_m = 23
	\|elevation_footnotes = <ref>Elevation at airport. {{CFS}}</ref>
			\|postal_code_type = ]
	\|elevation_m = 23
			\|postal_code = ]
	\|postal_code_type = ]
	\|postal_code = ]
	\|area_code = ]		\|area_code = ]
	\|website =		\|website =
	\|footnotes =		\|footnotes =
	}}		}}
	] women preparing to make ] at Kugluktuk]]
	]
	'''Kugluktuk''' (]: ''Qurluktuk'', "the place of moving water"; ]: ᖁᕐᓗᖅᑐᖅ, formerly '''Coppermine''' until 1 January 1996) is a ] located at the mouth of the ] in the ] of ], ], on ], southwest of ]. It is the westernmost community in Nunavut, almost on the border with the ].

			'''Kugluktuk''' ({{lang\|iu\|Qurluqtuq}}, {{literally\|the place of moving water}};<ref name="Hamlet">{{Cite web \|last= \|first= \|title=History \|url=http://kugluktuk.ca/p/history \|access-date=2024-05-14 \|website=Hamlet of Kugluktuk \|language=en}}</ref> ]: {{lang\|iu\|ᖁᕐᓗᖅᑐᖅ}}; {{IPA\|iu\|quʁluqtuq}}), known as Coppermine until 1 January 1996, is a ] at the mouth of the ] in the ] of ], ], on ], southwest of ]. It is Nunavut's westernmost community, near the border with the ].
	The traditional language of the area was ] and is written using the ] rather than the ] of the Inuktitut writing system. Like ], ] and ] syllabics are rarely seen and used mainly by the Government of Nunavut.

			The area's traditional language is ], which is written in the ], rather than the ] of the Inuktitut writing system. Like ], ], and ], syllabics are rarely seen and are used mainly by the Government of Nunavut.
	==Location==
	The community has the usual services, a ], ], ], and Hunters & Trappers Association. The entire town is covered by wireless ] service. There are two schools, the ] and the ]. In June 2004, a fuel line broke in the center of Kugluktuk, spilling {{convert\|2000\|l\|abbr=on\|1}} of ].

	==~~Demographics~~==		== History ==
			Prior to European contact, ] travelled to the area and interacted acrimoniously with nearby ] and ], sometimes ending in deadly raids against each other (see ]). In July 1821, the British ] team reached the mouth of the Coppermine River, just next to the present day community of Kugluktuk.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Rosano \|first=Michela \|date=2023-11-20 \|title=George Back: The expedition's artist \|url=https://canadiangeographic.ca/articles/george-back-the-expeditions-artist/ \|access-date=2024-10-25 \|website=Canadian Geographic \|language=en}}</ref> Arctic explorers ] and ] reached this area in 1838 to survey from ] at the mouth of Coppermine River to southern ]. Dease noted that while his group camped near Bloody Falls, the Copper Inuit would flee when his party approached their camps. Between 1913 and 1916, anthropologist ] studied and recorded the traditional lifestyle of Inuit around Kugluktuk. Danish fur trader Christian Klengenberg constructed a trading post in 1916 which formed a permanent year-round community known as Fort Hearne. The Hudson Bay Company established a trading post at this community in 1927. Fort Hearne was renamed to Coppermine in 1930. The ] built a police station in 1932. The former name of the community, Coppermine, was named after its namesake Coppermine River.<ref name="Hamlet" />
	As of the ] the population was 1,302 an increase of 7.4% from the ].<ref name="census2006"></ref>

			An ] (Federal Tent Hostel at Coppermine) opened in 1951 and closed in 1959.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2021-02-11 \|title=Federal Tent Hostel at Coppermine \|url=https://dev.nctr.ca/residential-schools/northern/federal-tent-hostel-at-coppermine/ \|access-date=2024-10-25 \|website=National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation \|language=en}}</ref> Construction of the ] (DEW Line) sites, ] and ], on the opposite shore of ] in 1955 created some employment opportunities for the locals.

			In 1982, a ] was held. About 80% of the population in what is now Nunavut voted in favour of division; Coppermine was one of only two communities to vote against it, ] was the other.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://economics.ca/cgi/jab?journal=cpp&view=v11n1%2FCPPv11n1p001.pdf \|title=The 1982 Plebiscite on Division of the Northwest Territories: Regional Government and Federal Policy \|access-date=25 August 2010 \|archive-date=10 December 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210070714/https://economics.ca//cgi/jab?journal=cpp&view=v11n1%2FCPPv11n1p001.pdf \|url-status=dead }}</ref>

			In 1996, a healing ceremony between Dene and Inuit took place to reconcile for historical grievances. The community also changed its name from Coppermine to Kugluktuk on January 1, 1996.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Saarela \|first1=Jeffery M. \|last2=Sokoloff \|first2=Paul C. \|last3=Bull \|first3=Roger D. \|date=2017-02-07 \|title=Vascular plant biodiversity of the lower Coppermine River valley and vicinity (Nunavut, Canada): an annotated checklist of an Arctic flora \|journal=PeerJ \|language=en \|volume=5 \|pages=e2835 \|doi=10.7717/peerj.2835 \|doi-access=free \|issn=2167-8359 \|pmc=5300018 \|pmid=28194307}}</ref> In June 2004, a fuel line broke in the centre of Kugluktuk, spilling {{cvt\|2000\|L}} of ].{{citation needed\|date=May 2022}}

			== Demographics ==
			{{Historical populations
			\| title = Federal census population history of Kugluktuk
			\| type = Canada
			\| align = left
			\| width =
			\| state =
			\| shading =
			\| percentages =
			\|1976\|758
			\|1981\|809
			\|1986\|888
			\|]\|1059
			\|]\|1201
			\|]\|1212
			\|]\|1302
			\|]\|1450
			\|]\|1491
			\|]\|1382
			\| footnote =
			\| source = ]<br/><ref name=2021census/><ref name=1976census>{{cite web \| url=https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/statcan/CS92-805-1976.pdf \| title=1976 Census of Canada: Population - Geographic Distributions \| publisher=Statistics Canada \| date=June 1977 \| access-date=1 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=1981census>{{cite web \| url=https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/statcan/CS94-905-1981.pdf \| title=1981 Census of Canada: Census subdivisions in decreasing population order \| publisher=Statistics Canada \| date=May 1992 \| access-date=1 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=1986census>{{cite web \| url=https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2013/statcan/rh-hc/CS92-101-1987.pdf \| title=1986 Census: Population - Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions \| publisher=Statistics Canada \| date=September 1987 \| access-date=1 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=1991census>{{cite web \| url=https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2013/statcan/rh-hc/CS93-304-1992.pdf \| title=91 Census: Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions - Population and Dwelling Counts \| publisher=Statistics Canada \| date=April 1992 \| access-date=1 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=1996census>{{cite web \| url=https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2012/statcan/rh-hc/CS93-357-1997.pdf \| title=96 Census: A National Overview - Population and Dwelling Counts \| publisher=Statistics Canada \| date=April 1997 \| access-date=1 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=2001census>{{cite web \| url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/census01/products/standard/popdwell/Table-CSD-P.cfm?T=1&SR=1&S=1&O=A&PR=62 \| title=Population and Dwelling Counts, for Canada, Provinces and Territories, and Census Subdivisions (Municipalities), 2001 and 1996 Censuses - 100% Data (Nunavut) \| publisher=Statistics Canada \| date=15 August 2012 \| access-date=1 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=2006census>{{cite web \| url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-550/Index.cfm?TPL=P1C&Page=RETR&LANG=Eng&T=302&SR=1&S=1&O=A&RPP=9999&CMA=0&PR=62 \| title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data (Nunavut) \| publisher=Statistics Canada \| date=20 August 2021 \| access-date=1 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=2011census>{{cite web \| url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=302&SR=1&S=51&O=A&RPP=9999&CMA=0&PR=62 \| title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2011 and 2006 censuses (Nunavut) \| publisher=Statistics Canada \| date=25 July 2021 \| access-date=1 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=2016census>{{cite web \| url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table.cfm?Lang=Eng&T=302&SR=1&S=86&O=A&RPP=9999&PR=62 \| title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data (Nunavut) \| publisher=Statistics Canada \| date=8 February 2017 \| access-date=1 February 2022}}</ref>
			}}

			As a ] in the ] conducted by ], Kugluktuk had a population of 1,382 living in 397 of its 438 total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage\|{{#expr:1382-1491}}\|1491\|1}} from its 2016 population of 1,491. With a land area of {{cvt\|538.99\|km2}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density\|1382\|538.99\|km2\|prec=1}} in 2021.<ref name=2021census>{{cite web \| url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000202&geocode=A000262 \| title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), Nunavut \| publisher=] \| date=9 February 2022 \| access-date=19 February 2022}}</ref>

			As a ] in the 2021 census, Kugluktuk had a population of 956 living in 265 of its 296 total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage\|{{#expr:956-1057}}\|1057\|1}} from its 2016 population of 1,057. With a land area of {{cvt\|0.34\|km2}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density\|956\|0.34\|km2\|sqmi\|prec=1}} in 2021.<ref name=2021census2>{{cite web \| url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/cv.action?pid=9810001201 \| title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada and designated places \| publisher=] \| date=9 February 2022 \| access-date=8 May 2022}}</ref>

			== Infrastructure ==
			{{unreferenced section\|date=May 2022}}
			The community has been served by the ] network since 2005. Qiniq is a fixed wireless service to homes and businesses, connecting to the outside world via a satellite backbone. The Qiniq network is designed and operated by ]. In 2017, the network was upgraded to 4G LTE technology, and 2G-GSM for mobile voice.

			== Education ==
			Kugluktuk's two schools are ] and Jimmy Hikok Ilihakvik.

	==Geography==		==Geography==
	Kugluktuk is ~~located~~ on the shore of the ]. The surrounding landscape is dominated by the rocky and often barren ]. The region has a ~~semi-arid Arctic~~ climate, with ~~very~~ ~~cold~~ ~~winters~~, ~~light~~ ~~snowfall~~, and ~~summers~~ ~~too~~ ~~cool~~ to ~~permit~~ ~~the~~ ~~growth~~ of ~~trees~~. ~~Though trees~~ do exist in the region, they are dwarfed and extremely sparse.		Kugluktuk is on the shore of the ]. The surrounding landscape is dominated by the rocky and often barren ]. The region has a ], but barely so, with July having an average of {{convert\|10.9\|C}}. It has cold, dry winters, and moderate snowfall that is relatively high for its latitude. Trees do exist in the region due to ],<ref name="Hamlet" /> but they are dwarfed and extremely sparse.

	===Flora ~~and fauna~~===		===Flora===
	Plant growth in the region during ~~summer~~ ~~months~~ includes small shrubs, grass, moss, lichens, blueberries, blackberries, cranberries, various flowers, and ~~dwarfed~~ ~~pine~~ and birch trees.		Plant growth in the region during the summer includes small shrubs, grass, moss, lichens, blueberries, blackberries, cranberries, various flowers, and dwarf willow and birch trees.

	===Climate===		===Climate===
			Kugluktuk features a ] (]: ''Dfc''); like most of mainland ]; with wet summers and dry winters. It is in the transitional zone to a ], but falls outside of it, since its warmest month of July surpasses the {{convert\|10\|C}} isotherm, averaging {{convert\|10.9\|C}}.
	{{Infobox Weather

	\|collapsed=
			The highest temperature ever recorded in Kugluktuk was {{convert\|34.9\|C}} on 15 July 1989.<ref name="ccnYCO"/> The coldest temperature ever recorded was {{convert\|-50.0\|C}} on 2 February 1968.<ref name="February 1968">{{cite web
	\|metric_first=yes
			\| publisher = Environment and Climate Change Canada
	\|single_line=yes
			\| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=1953-01-01%7C1977-12-31&dlyRange=1930-10-01%7C1977-11-30&mlyRange=1930-01-01%7C1977-12-01&StationID=1640&Prov=NU&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&Month=2&Day=24&txtStationName=coppermine&timeframe=2&Year=1968
	\|location = Kugluktuk
			\| id = Climate ID: 2300900
	\|Jan_REC_Hi_°C =0.8
			\|title = February 1968
	\|Feb_REC_Hi_°C =-1.2
			\| work = Canadian Climate Data
	\|Mar_REC_Hi_°C =-0.1
			\| access-date = 25 June 2016}}</ref>
	\|Apr_REC_Hi_°C =14

	\|May_REC_Hi_°C =19.8
			{{Kugluktuk weatherbox}}
	\|Jun_REC_Hi_°C =31.1

	\|Jul_REC_Hi_°C =34.9
			==Notable people==
	\|Aug_REC_Hi_°C =29.2
			*]
	\|Sep_REC_Hi_°C =22.6
			*]
	\|Oct_REC_Hi_°C =13.4
			*]
	\|Nov_REC_Hi_°C =2.8
			*]
	\|Dec_REC_Hi_°C =27.4
			*]
	\|Year_REC_Hi_°C =34.9

	\|Jan_Hi_°C =-23.7
			== Gallery ==
	\|Feb_Hi_°C =-23
			<gallery mode=packed>
	\|Mar_Hi_°C =-20.6
			File:Kugluktuk NT.jpg\|Kugluktuk NU
	\|Apr_Hi_°C =-12.1
			File:Lifeguard Station at Kugluktuk.jpg\|A lifeguard is stationed at the beach on hot days
	\|May_Hi_°C =-1.4
			File:Coppermine 1980s.jpg\|] women preparing to make ] at Kugluktuk
	\|Jun_Hi_°C =9.5
			File:Wildflowers, Kugluktuk, Nunavut (2008).jpg\|Wildflowers in Kugluktuk
	\|Jul_Hi_°C =15.4
			File:Kugluktuk High School.jpg\|Grades 6 to 12 with a student population of about 150
	\|Aug_Hi_°C =13.1
			File:Kugluktuk RC Church.jpg\|The Roman Catholic Church at Kugluktuk
	\|Sep_Hi_°C =6
			</gallery>
	\|Oct_Hi_°C =-4
	\|Nov_Hi_°C =-15.7
	\|Dec_Hi_°C =-21.4
	\|Year_Hi_°C=-6.5
	\|Jan_Lo_°C =-31.9
	\|Feb_Lo_°C =-31.7
	\|Mar_Lo_°C =-29.8
	\|Apr_Lo_°C =-21.8
	\|May_Lo_°C =-9.2
	\|Jun_Lo_°C =0.8
	\|Jul_Lo_°C =6
	\|Aug_Lo_°C =4.5
	\|Sep_Lo_°C =-0.4
	\|Oct_Lo_°C =-10.3
	\|Nov_Lo_°C =-23.4
	\|Dec_Lo_°C =-29.6
	\|Year_Lo_°C =-14.7
	\|Jan_REC_Lo_°C =-46.9
	\|Feb_REC_Lo_°C =-47.2
	\|Mar_REC_Lo_°C =-47
	\|Apr_REC_Lo_°C =-39.7
	\|May_REC_Lo_°C =-30.2
	\|Jun_REC_Lo_°C =-12.1
	\|Jul_REC_Lo_°C =0.3
	\|Aug_REC_Lo_°C =-4.4
	\|Sep_REC_Lo_°C =-18.6
	\|Oct_REC_Lo_°C =-35.4
	\|Nov_REC_Lo_°C =-31
	\|Dec_REC_Lo_°C =-44.5
	\|Year_REC_Lo_°C =-47.2
	\|Jan_Precip_mm =11
	\|Feb_Precip_mm =9.9
	\|Mar_Precip_mm =10.6
	\|Apr_Precip_mm =13.3
	\|May_Precip_mm =19.5
	\|Jun_Precip_mm =15.1
	\|Jul_Precip_mm =36.3
	\|Aug_Precip_mm =41.1
	\|Sep_Precip_mm =39
	\|Oct_Precip_mm =29.5
	\|Nov_Precip_mm =12.6
	\|Dec_Precip_mm =11.5
	\|Year_Precip_mm =249.3
	\|source = ]<ref name= "climate"> ]—, accessed 14 July 2009</ref>
	\|accessdate = 2009-07-14
	}}

	==See also==		==See also==
			{{Div col\|colwidth=22em}}
			*]
	*]		*]
	*]
	*]		*]
	*]		*]

	*]
	*]
	*]
	*]		*]
	*]		*]

			{{div col end}}

			==Notes==
			{{Notelist}}

	==References==		==References==
	{{~~reflist~~}}		{{Reflist}}
	*		*
	*		*

	==Further reading==		==Further reading==
			{{Commons category}}
	<div class="references-small">
			{{wikivoyage}}
	* Dredge, L. A. Where the river meets the sea geology and landforms of the lower Coppermine River Valley and Kugluktuk, Nunavut. : Geological Survey of Canada, 2001. ISBN 0660185504
			{{refbegin}}
	* Pedersen, Lena, and Donna Stephania. ''Crime Prevention in Kugluktuk''. Ottawa: ], 1999. ISBN 1894159616
			* Dredge, L. A. Where the river meets the sea geology and landforms of the lower Coppermine River Valley and Kugluktuk, Nunavut. : Geological Survey of Canada, 2001. {{ISBN\|0-660-18550-4}}
	</div>
			* Pedersen, Lena, and Donna Stephania. ''Crime Prevention in Kugluktuk''. Ottawa: ], 1999. {{ISBN\|1-894159-61-6}}
			{{refend}}

	{{Subdivisions of Nunavut}}		{{Subdivisions of Nunavut}}

	]		]
	]		]
			]

			]
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Latest revision as of 08:53, 2 January 2025

This article is about a hamlet of Nunavut. For the electoral district of the same name, see Kugluktuk (electoral district).

Hamlet in Nunavut, Canada

Kugluktuk Qurluqtuq ᖁᕐᓗᖅᑐᖅ
Hamlet
Hill top view of Kugluktuk
KugluktukShow map of NunavutKugluktukShow map of Canada
Coordinates: 67°49′36″N 115°05′36″W / 67.82667°N 115.09333°W / 67.82667; -115.09333
Country	Canada
Territory	Nunavut
Region	Kitikmeot
Electoral district	Kugluktuk
Government
• Mayor	Ryan Nivingalok
• MLA	Bobby Anavilok
Area
• Land	538.99 km (208.11 sq mi)
Elevation	23 m (75 ft)
Population
• Total	1,382
• Density	2.6/km (7/sq mi)
• DPL	956
Time zone	UTC−07:00 (MST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−06:00 (MDT)
Canadian Postal code	X0B 0E0
Area code	867

Kugluktuk (Qurluqtuq, lit. 'the place of moving water'; Inuktitut syllabics: ᖁᕐᓗᖅᑐᖅ; Inuktitut pronunciation: [quʁluqtuq]), known as Coppermine until 1 January 1996, is a hamlet at the mouth of the Coppermine River in the Kitikmeot Region of Nunavut, Canada, on Coronation Gulf, southwest of Victoria Island. It is Nunavut's westernmost community, near the border with the Northwest Territories.

The area's traditional language is Inuinnaqtun, which is written in the Latin alphabet, rather than the syllabics of the Inuktitut writing system. Like Cambridge Bay, Bathurst Inlet, and Umingmaktok, syllabics are rarely seen and are used mainly by the Government of Nunavut.

History

Prior to European contact, Dene travelled to the area and interacted acrimoniously with nearby Thule and Inuit, sometimes ending in deadly raids against each other (see Bloody Falls massacre). In July 1821, the British Coppermine expedition team reached the mouth of the Coppermine River, just next to the present day community of Kugluktuk. Arctic explorers Peter Warren Dease and Thomas Simpson reached this area in 1838 to survey from Coronation Gulf at the mouth of Coppermine River to southern Boothia Peninsula. Dease noted that while his group camped near Bloody Falls, the Copper Inuit would flee when his party approached their camps. Between 1913 and 1916, anthropologist Diamond Jenness studied and recorded the traditional lifestyle of Inuit around Kugluktuk. Danish fur trader Christian Klengenberg constructed a trading post in 1916 which formed a permanent year-round community known as Fort Hearne. The Hudson Bay Company established a trading post at this community in 1927. Fort Hearne was renamed to Coppermine in 1930. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police built a police station in 1932. The former name of the community, Coppermine, was named after its namesake Coppermine River.

An Indian federal day school (Federal Tent Hostel at Coppermine) opened in 1951 and closed in 1959. Construction of the Distant Early Warning Line (DEW Line) sites, Lady Franklin Point and Bernard Harbour, on the opposite shore of Coronation Gulf in 1955 created some employment opportunities for the locals.

In 1982, a division plebiscite was held. About 80% of the population in what is now Nunavut voted in favour of division; Coppermine was one of only two communities to vote against it, Cambridge Bay was the other.

In 1996, a healing ceremony between Dene and Inuit took place to reconcile for historical grievances. The community also changed its name from Coppermine to Kugluktuk on January 1, 1996. In June 2004, a fuel line broke in the centre of Kugluktuk, spilling 2,000 L (440 imp gal; 530 US gal) of diesel fuel.

Demographics

Federal census population history of Kugluktuk
Year	Pop.	±%
1976	758	—
1981	809	+6.7%
1986	888	+9.8%
1991	1,059	+19.3%
1996	1,201	+13.4%
2001	1,212	+0.9%
2006	1,302	+7.4%
2011	1,450	+11.4%
2016	1,491	+2.8%
2021	1,382	−7.3%
Source: Statistics Canada

As a census subdivision in the 2021 Canadian census conducted by Statistics Canada, Kugluktuk had a population of 1,382 living in 397 of its 438 total private dwellings, a change of -7.3% from its 2016 population of 1,491. With a land area of 538.99 km (208.11 sq mi), it had a population density of 2.6/km in 2021.

As a designated place in the 2021 census, Kugluktuk had a population of 956 living in 265 of its 296 total private dwellings, a change of -9.6% from its 2016 population of 1,057. With a land area of 0.34 km (0.13 sq mi), it had a population density of 2,811.8/km (7,282.4/sq mi) in 2021.

Infrastructure

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The community has been served by the Qiniq network since 2005. Qiniq is a fixed wireless service to homes and businesses, connecting to the outside world via a satellite backbone. The Qiniq network is designed and operated by SSi Canada. In 2017, the network was upgraded to 4G LTE technology, and 2G-GSM for mobile voice.

Education

Kugluktuk's two schools are Kugluktuk High School and Jimmy Hikok Ilihakvik.

Geography

Kugluktuk is on the shore of the Arctic Ocean. The surrounding landscape is dominated by the rocky and often barren Canadian Shield. The region has a subarctic climate, but barely so, with July having an average of 10.9 °C (51.6 °F). It has cold, dry winters, and moderate snowfall that is relatively high for its latitude. Trees do exist in the region due to microclimate, but they are dwarfed and extremely sparse.

Flora

Plant growth in the region during the summer includes small shrubs, grass, moss, lichens, blueberries, blackberries, cranberries, various flowers, and dwarf willow and birch trees.

Climate

Kugluktuk features a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfc); like most of mainland Nunavut; with wet summers and dry winters. It is in the transitional zone to a cold tundra climate (ET), but falls outside of it, since its warmest month of July surpasses the 10 °C (50 °F) isotherm, averaging 10.9 °C (51.6 °F).

The highest temperature ever recorded in Kugluktuk was 34.9 °C (94.8 °F) on 15 July 1989. The coldest temperature ever recorded was −50.0 °C (−58.0 °F) on 2 February 1968.

Climate data for Kugluktuk (Kugluktuk Airport) WMO ID: 71938; coordinates 67°49′00″N 115°08′38″W / 67.81667°N 115.14389°W / 67.81667; -115.14389 (Baie-Kugluktuk Airport); elevation: 22.6 m (74 ft); 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1930–present
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high humidex	0.3	−1.7	−0.3	8.9	19.8	30.3	36.8	36.8	25.8	13.1	2.2	−1.5	36.8
Record high °C (°F)	0.8 (33.4)	1.1 (34.0)	−0.1 (31.8)	9.8 (49.6)	23.3 (73.9)	32.5 (90.5)	34.9 (94.8)	30.3 (86.5)	26.1 (79.0)	13.9 (57.0)	4.4 (39.9)	4.4 (39.9)	34.9 (94.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	−22.5 (−8.5)	−22.8 (−9.0)	−20.1 (−4.2)	−11.6 (11.1)	−0.6 (30.9)	10.4 (50.7)	15.8 (60.4)	13.7 (56.7)	6.8 (44.2)	−2.9 (26.8)	−13.2 (8.2)	−20.1 (−4.2)	−5.6 (21.9)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−26.6 (−15.9)	−27.0 (−16.6)	−24.6 (−12.3)	−16.4 (2.5)	−4.5 (23.9)	5.9 (42.6)	11.2 (52.2)	9.6 (49.3)	3.6 (38.5)	−5.9 (21.4)	−17.1 (1.2)	−24.1 (−11.4)	−9.7 (14.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−30.7 (−23.3)	−31.3 (−24.3)	−29.1 (−20.4)	−21.2 (−6.2)	−8.5 (16.7)	1.4 (34.5)	6.5 (43.7)	5.4 (41.7)	0.3 (32.5)	−9.0 (15.8)	−21.0 (−5.8)	−28.1 (−18.6)	−13.8 (7.2)
Record low °C (°F)	−47.8 (−54.0)	−50.0 (−58.0)	−48.9 (−56.0)	−43.9 (−47.0)	−31.1 (−24.0)	−15.0 (5.0)	−0.8 (30.6)	−4.4 (24.1)	−20.0 (−4.0)	−35.4 (−31.7)	−41.1 (−42.0)	−45.0 (−49.0)	−50.0 (−58.0)
Record low wind chill	−64.3	−64.4	−65.0	−54.4	−39.7	−15.6	−5.9	−11.8	−22.9	−46.5	−54.1	−61.5	−65.0
Average precipitation mm (inches)	9.2 (0.36)	7.0 (0.28)	9.3 (0.37)	7.9 (0.31)	14.5 (0.57)	17.4 (0.69)	45.2 (1.78)	42.3 (1.67)	35.5 (1.40)	23.3 (0.92)	10.9 (0.43)	10.6 (0.42)	233.1 (9.18)
Average rainfall mm (inches)	0.1 (0.00)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.1 (0.00)	4.3 (0.17)	14.6 (0.57)	44.4 (1.75)	44.9 (1.77)	31.4 (1.24)	4.7 (0.19)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	144.5 (5.69)
Average snowfall cm (inches)	19.6 (7.7)	16.3 (6.4)	19.4 (7.6)	18.2 (7.2)	16.2 (6.4)	2.1 (0.8)	0.0 (0.0)	0.2 (0.1)	7.7 (3.0)	35.0 (13.8)	25.5 (10.0)	21.9 (8.6)	182.1 (71.7)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm)	9.7	8.7	10.1	7.7	8.5	8.3	11.8	13.0	13.0	14.5	10.6	10.3	126.2
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	1.9	6.8	11.5	13.1	10.5	2.3	0.0	0.0	46.4
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm)	10.5	10.1	11.6	9.5	7.2	1.3	0.1	0.2	3.7	14.5	13.4	11.6	93.6
Average relative humidity (%) (at 1500 LST)	76.7	75.1	77.5	82.3	83.1	70.2	64.8	69.8	75.5	84.7	80.9	77.8	76.5
Average dew point °C (°F)	−30.6 (−23.1)	−31.3 (−24.3)	−30.2 (−22.4)	−20.8 (−5.4)	−7.5 (18.5)	0.8 (33.4)	5.5 (41.9)	4.6 (40.3)	−0.3 (31.5)	−8.3 (17.1)	−21.5 (−6.7)	−29.7 (−21.5)	−14.1 (6.6)
Mean monthly sunshine hours	17.8	77.3	160.3	233.3	246.7	375.0	341.6	207.7	91.1	51.2	19.6	0.2	1,821.7
Percent possible sunshine	17.7	35.5	44.4	49.6	38.7	52.1	48.5	38.5	22.8	17.6	12.7	0.7	31.6
Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada (rain/rain days, snow/snow days, humidex, wind chill, humidity 1981–2010) Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010 (dew point 1951–1980)