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{{short description|Jamaican reggae producer (1936–2021)}}
{{BLP sources|date=January 2008}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox Musical artist <!-- See Misplaced Pages:WikiProject Musicians -->
{{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Misplaced Pages:WikiProject Musicians -->
| Name = Lee "Scratch" Perry
| Img = Lee scratch perry.jpg | name = Lee {{nobold|"}}Scratch{{nobold|"}} Perry
| honorific_suffix = {{postnominals|size=100|list=]}}
| Img_capt =
| background = solo_singer
| Img_size = <!-- Only for images narrower than 220 pixels. Set the value as a number without "px". -->
| Landscape = | image = Lee Scratch Perry 2016 (9 von 13).jpg
| Background = solo_singer | image_upright = 1.25
| Birth_name = Rainford Hugh Perry | caption = Perry performing in ], 2016
| Alias = Pipecock Jackxon<br />The Upsetter | birth_name = Rainford Hugh Perry
| Born = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1936|3|20}}<br />], ] | alias = "Pipecock Jackson"{{efn|Often stylized as ''Pipecock Jackxon''}}<br />"The Upsetter"
| birth_date = {{birth date|1936|3|20|df=y}}<ref name=":1">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=liOx8tyfJwAC&pg=PA1|title=People Funny Boy – The Genius Of Lee 'Scratch' Perry|last=Katz|first=David|date=17 November 2009|publisher=Omnibus Press|isbn=978-0-85712-034-2|pages=1–5|language=en}}</ref>
| Died =
| birth_place = Kendal, ], ]
| Origin =
| Instrument = | origin = ], Jamaica
| death_date = {{death date and age|2021|8|29|1936|3|20|df=y}}{{Efn|His wife, Mireille, claims he died on the way to the hospital on 28 August}}
| Genre = ], ], ], ], ]
| death_place = ], Hanover, Jamaica
| Occupation =
| genre = {{hlist|]|]|]|]|]|]}}
| Years_active =
| occupation = {{hlist|Record producer|singer|songwriter}}
| Label =
| Associated_acts = | instrument =
| URL = | years_active = 1958–2021
| label = {{hlist|]|]|]|]|Black Ark|Secret|]|Burning Sounds|Goldenlane}}
| associated_acts = {{hlist|]|]|]|]}}
| website = http://www.lee-perry.com/ (no longer works as it requires ])
}} }}
'''Lee''' "'''Scratch'''" '''Perry''' {{postnominals|size=100%|list=]}} (born '''Rainford Hugh Perry'''; 20 March 1936<ref name=":1"/> – 29 August 2021<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nationwideradiojm.com/reggae-great-lee-scratch-perry-dies/ |title= Reggae great Lee Scratch Perry dies |date = 29 August 2021 |access-date = 29 August 2021}}</ref><ref name="The Great Rock Discography">{{cite book
| first = Martin C.
| last = Strong
| year = 2000
| title = The Great Rock Discography
| edition = 5th
| publisher = Mojo Books
| location = Edinburgh
| pages = 738–741
| isbn = 1-84195-017-3}}</ref>) was a Jamaican record producer, songwriter and singer noted for his innovative studio techniques and production style.<ref name=guardianobituary>{{cite news |title=Lee 'Scratch' Perry obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2021/aug/29/lee-scratch-perry-obituary |access-date=19 August 2021 |newspaper=The Guardian |first=Peter |last=Mason |date=19 August 2021}}</ref> Perry was a pioneer in the 1970s development of ] with his early adoption of ]ing and studio effects to create new instrumental or vocal versions of existing ] tracks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://theupsettermovie.com/ |title=The Upsetter: the Life and Music of Lee Scratch Perry |website=Theupsettermovie.com |access-date=21 December 2012}}</ref> He worked with and produced for a wide variety of artists, including ] and ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and many others.


== Early life ==
'''Lee "Scratch" Perry''' (born '''Rainford Hugh Perry''', on 20 March 1936, in ], ]) is a musician, who has been highly influential in the development and acceptance of ] and ] music in ] and overseas. He employs numerous pseudonyms, such as '''Pipecock Jackxon''' and '''The Upsetter'''.
Rainford Hugh Perry was born on 20 March 1936 in Kendal, Jamaica, in the parish of ], the third child of Ina Davis and Henry Perry.<ref name=":1"/> His mother had strong African traditions originating from her ] ancestry that she passed on to her son.<ref name=":1" /> His parents were both laborers, but his father later became a professional dancer.{{cn|date=August 2021}}


Lee left school at age 15 and lived in ], working as a labourer to help build the first road in ].<ref name="Gavin">{{cite web |last1=Gavin |first1=Francesca |title=Lee "Scratch" Perry: Mirror Master Futures Yard |url=https://www.swissinstitute.net/press/lee-scratch-perry-mirror-master-futures-yard-2/ |website=] |access-date=4 November 2024 |date=16 October 2020}}</ref> He eventually wound up in ] where he got into the dance and music scene and earned the nickname "The Neat Little Thing". Lee later moved to ] after experiencing a mystical connection to stones ("When the stones clash, I hear like the thunder clash... and I hear words... These words send me to Kingston. Kingston means King's Stone, the Son of the King... the stone that I was throwing in Negril send me to King Stone for my graduation.") where he apprenticed at ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sacurrent.com/sanantonio/lee-scratch-perry-reggae-pioneer-set-to-burn-the-mother-down/Content?oid=2522708|title=Lee "Scratch" Perry, Reggae Pioneer, Set to Burn the Mother Down|last=Harty|first=Hilary|website=San Antonio Current|access-date=29 September 2016}}</ref>
==Biography==
Perry's musical career began in the late 1950s as a record seller for ]'s ]. As his sometimes turbulent relationship with Dodd developed, he found himself performing a variety of important tasks at Dodd's ] hit factory, going on to record nearly 30 songs for the label. Disagreements between the pair due to personality and financial conflicts, a recurring theme throughout Perry's career, led him to leave the studio and seek new musical outlets. He soon found a new home at ]'s ].


==Career==
Working with ], Perry continued his recording career but, once again, financial problems caused conflict. Perry broke ranks with Gibbs and formed his own label, ], in ]. His first single "People Funny Boy", which was an insult directed at Gibbs, sold very well. It is notable for its innovative use of a ] (a crying baby) as well as a fast, chugging beat that would soon become identifiable as "reggae" (the new kind of sound which was given the name "Steppers"). From 1968 until 1972 he worked with his studio band ]. During the 1970s, Perry released numerous recordings on a variety of record labels that he controlled, and many of his songs were popular in both Jamaica and the ]. He soon became known for his innovative production techniques as well as his eccentric character.
===Early work===
Perry's musical career began in the late 1950s as a record seller for ]'s ]. As his sometimes turbulent relationship with Dodd developed, he found himself performing a variety of important tasks at Dodd's ] hit factory, going on to record nearly thirty songs for the label.<ref name="The Great Rock Discography"/> Disagreements between the pair due to personality and financial conflicts led him to leave the studio and seek new musical outlets. He soon found a new home at ]'s Amalgamated Records.<ref name="The Great Rock Discography"/>


Working with Gibbs, Perry continued his recording career but, once again, financial problems caused conflict. Perry broke ranks with Gibbs and formed his own label, ], in 1968. His first major single "People Funny Boy", which was an insult directed at Gibbs, sold well with 60,000 copies sold in Jamaica alone.<ref name="Gavin"/> It is notable for its innovative use of a ] (a crying baby) as well as a fast, chugging beat that would soon become identifiable as "reggae". Similarly his acrimonious 1967 single as Lee "King" Perry, "]", was likewise aimed at Sir Coxsone.
In the early 1970s, Perry was one of the producers whose mixing board experiments resulted in the creation of ]. In 1973, Perry built a studio in his back yard, ], to have more control over his productions and continued to produce notable musicians such as ], ], ], ], ] and ]. With his own studio at his disposal, Perry's productions became more lavish, as the energetic producer was able to spend as much time as he wanted on the music he produced. Virtually everything Perry recorded in The Black Ark was done using basic recording equipment; through sonic sleight-of-hand, Perry made it sound unique. Perry remained behind the mixing desk for many years, producing songs and albums that stand out as a high point in reggae history.


From 1968 until 1972, he worked with his studio band ]. During the 1970s, Perry released numerous recordings on a variety of record labels that he controlled, and many of his songs were popular in both Jamaica and the United Kingdom, where his instrumental "The Return of Django" was a top five hit in 1969. He soon became known for his innovative production techniques as well as his eccentric character.<ref name="The Great Rock Discography" />
By 1978, stress and unwanted outside influences began to take their toll: both Perry and The Black Ark quickly fell into a state of disrepair. Eventually, the studio burned to the ground. Perry has constantly insisted that he burned the Black Ark himself in a fit of rage. After the demise of the Black Ark in the early 1980s, Perry spent time in ] and the ], performing live and making erratic records with a variety of collaborators. It was not until the late 1980s, when he began working with British producers ] and Neil Fraser (who is better known as ]), that Perry's career began to get back on solid ground again. Perry also has attributed the recent resurgence of his creative muse to his deciding to quit drinking alcohol and smoking ]. Perry stated in an interview that he wanted to see if "it was the smoke making the music or Lee Perry making the music. I found out it was me and that I don't need to smoke."<ref>{{cite news |first=Douglas |last=Heselgrave |title=Lee Scratch Perry: From the Black Ark to the Skull Cave, the Madman Becomes a Psychiatrist |url=http://www.musicbox-online.com/interviews/lee-scratch-perry-2006.html |work= |publisher=Music Box Magazine |date=December 2006 |accessdate=2006-12-28 }}</ref>


In 1970, Perry produced and released the Wailers track "]" (1970) with its unusual use of studio effects and eerie opening highlighting his unique approach to production.
In 1998 Perry reached a wider global audience as vocalist on two tracks of the ]' album ].


===The Black Ark===
Perry now lives in ] with his wife Mireille and two lovely children. Although he celebrated his 70th birthday in 2006, he continues recording and performing to enthusiastic audiences in Europe and North America. His modern music is a far cry from his reggae days in Jamaica; many now see Perry as more of a ] in several respects. In 2003, Perry won a ] for Best Reggae Album with the album ''Jamaican E.T.''. In 2004, ] ranked Perry #100 on their list of the .<ref>{{cite web| title = The Immortals: The First Fifty| work = Rolling Stone Issue 946| publisher = Rolling Stone| url =http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5939214/the_immortals_the_first_fifty}}</ref> More recently, he teamed up with a group of Swiss musicians and performed under the name Lee Perry and the White Belly Rats, and made a brief visit to the United States using the New York City based group Dub Is A Weapon as his backing band. Currently there are two feature length movies made about his life and work: Volker Schaner's "Vision Of Paradise" and "]" by filmmakers Ethan Higbee and Adam Bhala Lough.
In 1973, Perry built a studio in his back yard, ], to have more control over his productions and continued to produce notable musicians such as ], ], ], ], ], and ]. He also started the Black Ark label, on which many of the productions from the studio appeared.<ref name=":2">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=liOx8tyfJwAC&pg=PA1|title=People Funny Boy – The Genius Of Lee 'Scratch' Perry|last=Katz|first=David|date=17 November 2009|publisher=Omnibus Press|isbn=978-0-85712-034-2|pages=175, 181–2|language=en}}</ref> With his own studio at his disposal, Perry's productions became more lavish, as the energetic producer was able to spend as much time as he wanted on the music he produced. Virtually everything Perry recorded in The Black Ark was done using basic recording equipment; through sonic sleight-of-hand, Perry made it sound unique. ] mentions: <blockquote>"Scratch had a particular sound and everybody was fascinated by his sound. He had this way of putting things together; it was just his sound and it influenced a lot of people. I’ve even gone to the Black Ark with ] for that ] album; I remember myself and Val Douglas, we laid some tracks there, Eric Gale overdubbed stuff on there, but I honestly don't remember what happened to it."<ref name=":3">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=liOx8tyfJwAC&pg=PA1|title=People Funny Boy – The Genius Of Lee 'Scratch' Perry|last=Katz|first=David|date=2009-11-17|publisher=Omnibus Press|isbn=978-0-85712-034-2|pages=83|language=en}}</ref></blockquote>


Perry remained behind the mixing desk for many years, producing songs and albums that stand out as a high point in reggae history. He was known to remain in the studio for days at a time when mixing, taking no visitors or calls, and very little food or drink.<ref name="Bradley">{{cite book |last1=Bradley |first1=Lloyd |title=Reggae: The Story of Jamaican Music |date=2002 |publisher=BBC Worldwide |location=London, UK |isbn=0563488077 |page=60}}</ref>
After meeting ] at ] in 2006, Perry invited him to co-produce his forthcoming album ''Repentance''. The album, released on the 19th of August 2008, on ], features several guest artists including ], ] of ], producer ], drummer ] of ], bassist Josh Werner of ], and adult entertainer ].


By 1978, stress and unwanted outside influences began to take their toll: both Perry and the Black Ark quickly fell into a state of disrepair. Eventually, the studio burned to the ground. Perry has constantly insisted that he burned the Black Ark himself in a fit of rage.
In 2008, Perry reunited with producer ] on an album called ''The Mighty Upsetter.'' Unlike the ]/pop oriented ''Repentance'', ''The Mighty Upsetter'' returned to the dub/reggae styles for which Perry is known. In 2009 he collaborated with ] on their ''Return from Planet Dub'' album.


===After the Black Ark (1980s and 1990s)===
==Discography==
]
===Albums===
After the demise of the Black Ark in the early 1980s, Perry spent time in England and the United States, performing live and making erratic records with a variety of collaborators.<ref name="The Great Rock Discography"/> His career took a new path in 1984 when he met Mark Downie (Marcus Upbeat{{Original research inline|date=September 2021}}) with whom he worked on the 1986 album ''Battle of Armagideon'' for Trojan. It was not until the late 1980s, when he began working with British producers ] and Neil Fraser (who is better known as ]), that Perry's career began to get back on solid ground again. Perry also attributed a later resurgence of his creative muse to his deciding to quit drinking alcohol and smoking ]. In his earlier days, the act of producing for Perry was a frenzied and ritualistic one where he stated that "he blew smoke into the microphone so that the weed would get into the song."<ref name=":0">{{cite magazine|title=Lee "Scratch" Perry|last=Horovitz|first=Adam|date=21 April 2005|magazine=Rolling Stone|location=New York|id={{ProQuest|220173961}}}}</ref> Perry stated in an interview that he wanted to see if "it was the smoke making the music or Lee Perry making the music. I found out it was me and that I don't need to smoke."<ref>{{cite news |first=Douglas |last=Heselgrave |title=Lee Scratch Perry: From the Black Ark to the Skull Cave, the Madman Becomes a Psychiatrist |url=http://www.musicbox-online.com/interviews/lee-scratch-perry-2006.html |magazine=Music Box Magazine |date=December 2006 |access-date=28 December 2006 }}</ref>
* '']'' (1969)
* '']'' (1969)
* '']'' (1970)
* '']'' (1970)
* '']'' (1970)
* '']'' (1970)
* '']'' (1970)
* '']'' (1972)
* '']'' (1973)
* ''] (1973)
* '']'' aka ''Blackboard Jungle Dub'' (1973)


In 1998, Perry reached a wider global audience as vocalist on the track "Dr. Lee, PhD" from the ]' album '']''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1663126/beastie-boys-hot-sauce-committee-part-two.jhtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110505161400/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1663126/beastie-boys-hot-sauce-committee-part-two.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 May 2011 |title=Beastie Boys' Hot Sauce History: Lee Perry Rides The Subway – Music, Celebrity, Artist News |website=Mtv.com |date=3 May 2011 |access-date=21 December 2012}}</ref>


===Later career===
'''Black Ark era'''
In 2003, Perry won a ] for Best Reggae Album with the album '']'' In 2004, '']'' ranked Perry number 100 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.<ref>{{cite web| title = The Immortals: The First Fifty| work = Rolling Stone Issue 946| publisher = Rolling Stone| url =https://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5939214/the_immortals_the_first_fifty| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20060316103016/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5939214/the_immortals_the_first_fifty/| url-status =dead| archive-date =16 March 2006}}</ref> He teamed up with a group of Swiss musicians and performed under the name Lee Perry and the White Belly Rats, and toured the United States in 2006 and 2007 using the New York City-based group Dub Is a Weapon as his backing band.
** '']'' (1974)
** '']'' (1975)
** '']'' (1975)
** '']'' (1975)
** '']'' aka ''Heart of the Dragon'' (1975)
** '']'' (1975)
** '']'' aka ''Scratch the Super Ape'' (1976)
** '']'' (1978)
** '']'' (1978)


After meeting ] at ] in 2006, Perry invited him to co-produce his album ''Repentance''. The album, released on 19 August 2008 through ], featured several guest artists including ], ], producer ], drummer ], and bassist ].


In 2007, Perry's song "Enter the Dragon" was sampled on the track "]" by ] of ]. As well, Perry was selected by Animal Collective in 2011 to perform at ], which the band curated in May 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpfestival.com/events/atpanimalcollective.php |title=ATP curated by Animal Collective – All Tomorrow's Parties |website=Atpfestival.com |access-date=21 December 2012}}</ref> That same year, he recorded ''Rise Again'' with bassist and producer ]; the album featured contributions from ], ], and ], and was released on Laswell's ] label.<ref>{{cite web| title = Lee "Scratch" Perry: Rise Again| work = PopMatters| publisher = 1 June 2011| url =http://www.popmatters.com/pm/review/141476-lee}}</ref>
* ''The Return of Pipecock Jackxon'' (1980)
* ''Mystic Miracle Star'' (with the Majestics) (1982)
* '']'' (1984)
* '']'' (1986)
* '']'' (with ]) (1987)
* ''On the Wire'' (1988)
* ''Satan Kicked the Bucket'' (with Bullwackie) (1988)
* ''Chicken Scratch'' (1989)
* ''Mystic Warrior'' (1989)
* ''Mystic Warrior Dub'' (with ]) (1989)
* ''From The Secret Laboratory'' (with ]) (1990)
* ''Message From Yard'' (with Bullwackie) (1990)
* ''Satan's Dub'' (with Bullwackie) (1990)
* ''Lord God Muzik'' (1991)
* ''Sounds From The Hotline'' (1991)
* ''The Upsetter and The Beat'' (1992)
* ''Excaliburman'' (1992)
* ''Spiritual Healing'' (1994)
* ''Black Ark Experryments'' (with ]) (1995)
* ''Experryments at the Grass Roots of Dub'' (with ]) (1995)
* '']'' (with ]) (1995)
* ''Who Put The Voodoo Pon Reggae'' (with ]) (1996)
* '']'' (] with Lee Perry) (1996)
* ''Dub Fire'' (with ]) (1998)
* ''The Original Super Ape'' (1998)
* ''Son of Thunder'' (2000)
* ''Songs to Bring Back the Ark (2000)
* ''Techno Party'' (2000)
* '']'' (2002)
* ''Earthman Skanking'' (2003)
* ''Encore'' (2003)
* ''Alien Starman'' (2003)
* '']'' (2004)
* ''Alive, more than ever'' (2006)
* ''End of an American Dream'' (2007)
* ''The Mighty Upsetter'' (2008)
* ] (2008)
* ''Scratch Came Scratch Saw Scratch Conquered'' (2008)
* ''Dub Setter'' (with ]) (2009)
* ''Mad Alien Dub'' (2010)


In 2008, Perry reunited with ] on ''The Mighty Upsetter.'' Between 2007 and 2010, Perry recorded three albums with British producer Steve Marshall who he met at ] in ]. The albums featured performances by ] and ]. Two of these albums, ''End of an American Dream'' (2008) and ''Revelation'' (2010), received Grammy nominations in the category Best Reggae Album.
===Compilations===
]
* ''Chicken Scratch'' (produced by ]) (1963-1966)
In 2009, Perry collaborated with Dubblestandart on their ''Return from Planet Dub'' double album, revisiting some of his material from the 1970s and 1980s, as well as collaborating on new material with Dubblestandart, some of which also included ] of ]. In 2008, leading up to this release, Perry's first foray into the ] genre was released on ], a collaboration with Dubblestandart and New York City's ] called "Iron Devil".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/Dubblestandart-featuring-Lee-Scratch-Perry-Prince-Far-I-Iron-Devil/release/1554929 |title=Dubblestandart featuring Lee Scratch Perry* & Prince Far-I* – Iron Devil (Vinyl) at Discogs |website=Discogs.com |access-date=2012-04-22}}</ref> That record was followed by several more reggae-oriented dubstep collaborations with Dubblestandart and Subatomic Sound System on digital and vinyl, first ''Blackboard Jungle'' volumes 1 and 2 (2009), featuring ] vocalist Jahdan Blakkamoore, then ''Chrome Optimism'' (2010),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/Dubblestandart-Meets-David-Lynch-Lee-Scratch-Perry-Chrome-Optimism/release/2324504 |title=Dubblestandart Meets David Lynch & Lee Scratch Perry* – Chrome Optimism (Vinyl) at Discogs |website=Discogs.com |access-date=2012-04-22}}</ref> which also featured American filmmaker ]. Following that, in 2010, Perry and ] of ] collaborated on a limited-edition ] 7" called "Hello, Hell Is Very Low", a rootical ] release that would turn out to be one of Ari Up's last recordings and the final release during her lifetime.
* '']'' (1984)

* ''Open The Gate'' (1989)
In 2010, Perry had his first ever solo art exhibition at Dem Passwords art gallery in ].<ref>{{cite web|last=Ziegler |first=Chris |url=http://blogs.laweekly.com/westcoastsound/2010/11/lee_scratch_perry_art_show_dem.php |title=Lee "Scratch" Perry's First-Ever Art Show Opens Tomorrow – Interview with Curator Sebastian Demian – Los Angeles – Music – West Coast Sound |website=Blogs.laweekly.com |date=12 November 2010 |access-date=21 December 2012}}</ref> The show, titled "Secret Education", featured works on canvas, paper, and a video installation.
* ''Upsetter Collection'' (1994)

* ''Upsetters A Go Go'' (1995)
In 2011, '']'', a documentary film about Perry, narrated by ],<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/benicio-del-toro-narrates-doc-161187 |title=Benicio Del Toro Narrates Doc on Reggae Legend Lee 'Scratch' Perry (Exclusive) |magazine=] |date=24 February 2011 |access-date=21 December 2012}}</ref> was released worldwide in theaters after its premiere at the 2008 ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/directors-of-the-upsetter-the-life-music-of-lee-scratch-perry-partner-w-distrify-on-pioneering-new-self-distribution-platform# |title='The Upsetter: The Life & Music of Lee "Scratch" Perry' Released On New Self-Distribution Platform &#124; Shadow and Act |website=Blogs.indiewire.com |date=30 September 2012 |access-date=21 December 2012}}</ref> The film was directed and produced by American film makers ] and ], and opened in Los Angeles in March 2011.<ref>{{cite web|author=Nate Jackson |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-xpm-2011-mar-24-la-et-guidefeature24-20110324-story.html |title=Lee 'Scratch' Perry's life on film in 'The Upsetter' – Los Angeles Times |website=Articles.latimes.com |date=24 March 2011 |access-date=21 December 2012}}</ref> It continued to screen worldwide into 2012, with the DVD, ], and ] following soon thereafter.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.documentarychannel.com/post/16439542401/docsondvd012412 |title=Doc Channel Blog, Docs on DVD: 'The Upsetter'; 'Shut Up Little Man!'; 'Sarah Palin: You Betcha!'; 'Revenge of the Electric Car'; 'Queen of the Sun'; 'Limelight'; 'Hell and Back Again'; 'From the Sky Down' |website=Blog.documentarychannel.com |date=24 January 2012 |access-date=21 December 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130122102249/http://blog.documentarychannel.com/post/16439542401/docsondvd012412 |archive-date=22 January 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/new-on-dvd-blu-ray-vod-this-week-13-the-upsetter-the-life-and-music-of-lee-scratch-perry-a-good-man |title=New On DVD/Blu-ray/VOD This Week – "13," "The Upsetter: The Life and Music of Lee Scratch Perry," "A Good Man" &#124; Shadow and Act |website=Blogs.indiewire.com |access-date=21 December 2012}}</ref>
* ''Introducing Lee Perry'' (1996)

* ''Words Of My Mouth Vol.1 (The Producer Series)'' (1996)
In 2012, Perry teamed with ] to produce '']'', which was recorded in ] over a period of several months.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jambase.com/Articles/94380/The-Orb-and-Lee-'Scratch'-Perry-'Golden-Clouds'-Video/ |title=The Orb & Lee 'Scratch' Perry: 'Golden Clouds' Video on JamBase |website=Jambase.com |access-date=21 December 2012}}</ref> The album earned critical acclaim,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://top40-charts.com/news.php?nid=80000 |title=The Orb's New Album 'The Observer In The Star House' Ft. Lee Scratch Perry Out 8/28 @ Top40-Charts.com – Songs & Videos from 49 Top 20 & Top 40 Music Charts from 30 Countries |website=Top40-charts.com |access-date=21 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.contactmusic.com/press/the-orb-hold-me-upsetter-free-download |title=The Orb Featuring Lee Scratch Perry Debut 'Hold Me Upsetter' As A Free Download |magazine=Contactmusic.com |date=3 September 2012 |access-date=21 December 2012}}</ref> and featured the single "Golden Clouds", named after the ] located near Perry's hometown in Jamaica. The recording sessions were filmed by Volker Schaner and were part of the documentary ''Lee Scratch Perry's Vision of Paradise''.
* ''Voodooism (Pressure Sounds)'' (1996)

* '']'' (1997)
In August 2012, it was announced that Perry would receive Jamaica's sixth highest honour, the ], Commander class.<ref name="Bonitto">Bonitto, Brian (2012), "", '']'', 7 August 2012. Retrieved 7 August 2012.</ref>
* ''The Upsetter Shop Vol.1: Upsetter In Dub'' (1997)

* ''Dry Acid'' (1998)
In 2013, Perry performed at the first Dub Champions Festival in ], a sold-out performance, backed by Dubblestandart with ] handling the dub mix. Perry also performed at the first two Dub Champions Festivals in New York City in 2011 and 2012, backed by ]. Perry performed at the 2013 ] in ].
* ''Lee Perry Arkive'' (1998)

* ''Produced and Directed By The Upsetter (Pressure Sounds)'' (1998)
Perry is featured as the DJ on the dub and reggae radio station "]" in '']''. The station includes a number of dubs by Perry and the Upsetters including "Disco Devil" and "Grumblin' Dub".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://metro.co.uk/2013/10/03/rockstar-reveals-definitive-gta-5-radio-station-song-list-4133849/ |title=Rockstar reveals definitive GTA 5 radio station song list: From Rick James to FIDLAR |newspaper=]|date=3 October 2013 |access-date=11 February 2017 }}</ref>
* ''Lost Treasures of The Ark'' (1999)

* ''Upsetter Shop Vol.2 1969-1973'' (1999)
In October 2013, it was announced that Perry will be awarded a Gold ] later that month by the ].<ref>"", '']'', 4 October 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2013</ref>
* ''Words Of My Mouth Vol.2 (The Producer Series)'' (1999)

* ''Words Of My Mouth Vol.3 (Live As One/The Producer Series)'' (2000)
Perry recorded an album with Daniel Boyle in London, released in May 2014 as ''Lee "Scratch" Perry – Back on the Controls''.<ref name="Gentile">Gentile, John (2013) "", '']'', 13 November 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2013.</ref> The album received a ] nomination later that year.<ref>Jackson, Kevin (2014) "", '']'', 5 December 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2014.</ref>
* ''Scratch Walking'' (2001)

* ''Black Ark In Dub'' (2002)
Perry remixed the "Thor's Stone" single by UK producer ] in November 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pitchfork.com/news/53148-listen-lee-scratch-perry-remixes-forest-swords-thors-stone/ |title=Listen: Lee "Scratch" Perry Remixes Forest Swords' "Thor's Stone" &#124; News |website=Pitchfork |date=27 November 2013 |access-date=19 April 2014}}</ref>
* ''Divine Madness ... Definitely (Pressure Sounds)'' (2002)
], Russia, in August 2015]]
* ''Dub Triptych'' (2000)
In 2015, the documentary ''Lee Scratch Perry's Vision of Paradise'' had a worldwide release in cinemas as well as on DVD and VOD after premiering at the ] in London. The film followed Perry for 15 years through his home in Switzerland and travels abroad.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Barnes |first1=Henry |title=Lee 'Scratch' Perry’s Vision of Paradise review – kaleidoscopic tour of a certifiable original |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/feb/04/lee-scratch-perrys-vision-of-paradise-review-kaleidoscopic-tour-of-a-certifiable-original |website=] |access-date=4 November 2024 |date=4 February 2016}}</ref>
* ''Trojan Upsetter Box Set'' (2002)

* ''This is Ska and Reggae Roots'' (2005)
] in 2015.]]In September 2015, Perry and ] launched a 40th anniversary tour for Perry's 1976 album '']''. The tour began as part of Dub Champions Festival and continued over the next two years with more than 50 dates in North America and some isolated dates in Europe. Nearly every show was sold out on the 2015 and 2016 tours. It culminated with the release of the ''Super Ape Returns to Conquer'' album in September 2017 which debuted at number 2 on ] US reggae chart behind ]'s remastered ''Legend'' album, and on number 3 on the '']'' reggae chart. ] performed as part of the band and on the recorded album. A ] campaign was organized in 2015 by Emch of Subatomic Sound System to raise funds to build a custom 15-foot-tall gorilla similar to the one on the original album cover art.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://afropop.org/articles/lee-scratch-perry-needs-giant-gorilla-for-super-ape-tour |title=Lee "Scratch" Perry Needs Giant Gorilla for Super Ape Tour &#124; News |publisher=] |date=24 July 2015}}</ref> The Kickstarter campaign reached its goal and the gorilla appeared on stage during 2015 and 2016 tour dates.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.waxpoetics.com/blog/features/guest-blog/going-bananas-for-lee-scratch-perrys-super-ape/ |title=Going bananas for Lee "Scratch" Perry's Super Ape &#124; News |magazine=] |date=2015}}</ref>
* ''The Upsetter Selection - A Lee Perry Jukebox'' (2007)

In October 2018, Perry and ] launched a 45th anniversary tour for the 1973 album '']'', produced by Perry. The tour began in North America and tour posters includes the tag line "World's 1st dub album, Live for the first time". '']'' published a preview of the tour.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/lee-scratch-perry-to-perform-blackboard-jungle-dub-lp-live-this-fall-736245/ |title=Lee 'Scratch' Perry to Perform 'Blackboard Jungle Dub' LP Live This Fall &#124; News |magazine=] |date=11 October 2018}}</ref>

2019 saw the release of ''The Revelation of Lee "Scratch" Perry'', a film about the making of his 2010 album ''Revelation'', directed by Steve Marshall for State of Emergency. The film features intimate behind the scenes footage of Perry at work in his home studio in the ] and an in depth interview with him.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}

In April 2019, hip hop producer ] announced that he would be doing a record made out of Perry's famous audio stems. In July 2019, Perry announced that the record is entitled ''Super Ape vs. 緑: Open Door'' and that it would release through Tuff Kong Records on 19 August 2019. The record combined over 20 different genres of music.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://trafficent.com/featured-artist-mr-green-lee-scratch-perry/|title=Traffic Ent|website=Trafficent.com}}</ref> Hypebeast said it was "Perry's best work in years" and that it "pushes boundaries of various genres. The record reached the Top 10 on the iTunes reggae chart and the Top 100 on the Billboard reggae chart.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hypebeast.com/2019/9/mr-green-lee-scratch-perry-super-ape-vs-open-door-album-stream|title=Hypebeast|date=21 September 2019}}</ref>

A couple of weeks prior to his death, Perry released his last song, "No Bloody Friends". The song was a collaboration with Ral Ston, and it was released on 13 August 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.musicweek.com/talent/read/the-music-business-remembers-lee-scratch-perry/084038|title=The music business remembers Lee 'Scratch' Perry|website=Musicweek.com|access-date=3 October 2021}}</ref>

Perry's final album was with New Age Doom, titled ''Lee "Scratch" Perry's Guide to the Universe'' (2021). Perry's final dub production was for Sly & Robbie vs. Roots Radics, ''The Dub Battle'' (2021). The song was "The Gates of Dub" with Max Romeo and The Roots Radics band produced by Hernan "Don Camel" Sforzini.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5vVLXgI6bkU | title=The Gates of Dub - Lee "Scratch" Perry meets Roots Radics feat. Max Romeo | website=] | date=May 2022 }}</ref>

==Personal life==
Perry resided in ], Switzerland, with his wife Mireille and their two children. He had four other children by the names of Cleopatra Perry, Marsha Perry, Omar Perry, and Marvin (Sean) Perry in various parts of the world.{{Citation needed|date=August 2020}} In 2015, his new studio in Switzerland, the "Secret Laboratory", was damaged by a fire that also destroyed his stage costumes and unreleased recordings.<ref>"", '']'', 7 December 2015. Retrieved 11 December 2015.</ref><ref>Grizzle, Shereita (2015) "", '']'', 11 December 2015. Retrieved 11 December 2015.</ref>

==Death==
Perry died on 29 August 2021<ref>{{cite news |title=Lee 'Scratch' Perry obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2021/aug/29/lee-scratch-perry-obituary |access-date=29 August 2021 |newspaper=The Guardian |first=Peter |last=Mason |date=29 August 2021}}</ref> at the Noel Holmes hospital in ], from an unspecified illness, aged 85.<ref>"", '']'', 29 August 2021. Retrieved 29 August 2021.</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Jamaican reggae icon Lee 'Scratch' Perry dies aged 85| url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-58379715 | date= 29 August 2021| website= ]| access-date= 29 August 2021 }}</ref>

==Discography==
{{Div col}}
===Albums===
* ] – '']'' (1969)
* The Upsetters – '']'' (1969)
* The Upsetters – '']'' (1970)
* The Upsetters – '']'' (1970)
* The Upsetters – '']'' (1970)
* The Upsetters – '']'' (1970)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – '']'' (1972)
* The Upsetters – Scratch the Upsetter – '']'' (1973)
* The Upsetters – '']'' (1973)
* The Upsetters – '']'' (1973)
* The Upsetters – '']'' (1974)
* ] Meets the Upsetter – ''At the Grass Roots of Dub'' (1974)
* The Upsetters – '']'' (1975)
* The Upsetters – '']'' (1975)
* The Mighty Upsetter – '']'' (1975)
* Lee Perry & The Upsetters – '']'' (1975)
* The Upsetters – '']'' (1976)
* Lee Perry – '']'' (1978)
* The Upsetters – '']'' (1978)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''The Return of Pipecock Jackxon'' (1980)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''Black Ark In Dub'' (1981)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry & The Majestics – ''Mystic Miracle Star'' (1982)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – '']'' (1984)
* Lee 'Scratch' Perry and The Upsetters – '']'' (1986)
* Lee 'Scratch' Perry + ] – '']'' (1987)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''Satan Kicked the Bucket'' (1988)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry with ] – ''Mystic Warrior'' (1989)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry with ] – ''Mystic Warrior Dub'' (1989)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''Message from Yard'' (1990)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''From the Secret Laboratory'' (1990)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry Meets ] – ''Satan's Dub'' (1990)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''Spiritual Healing'' (1990)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''Lord God Muzik'' (1991)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''The Upsetter and the Beat'' (1992)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry & ] – ''Black Ark Experryments'' (1995)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''Experryments at the Grass Roots of Dub'' (1995)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry featuring Mad Professor/Douggie Digital/Juggler – '']'' (1996)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''Who Put the Voodoo Pon Reggae'' (1996)
* ] & Lee " Scratch" Perry – '']'' (1996)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''Technomajikal'' (1997)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''Dub Fire'' (1998)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''Fire in Dub'' (1998)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''On the Wire'' (2000)
* Mad Professor & Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''Techno Party'' (2000)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry & ] – ''Station Underground Report'' (2001)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – '']'' (2002)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''Alien Starman'' (2003)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry and the Whitebellyrats – '']'' (2004)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''End of an American Dream'' (2007)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''The Mighty Upsetter'' (2008)
* Lee "$cratch" Perry – ] (2008)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''Scratch Came Scratch Saw Scratch Conquered'' (2008)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry & ] – ''Dub Setter'' (2009)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''The Unfinished Master Piece'' (2010)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''Revelation'' (2010)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry & ] – ''Rise Again'' (2011)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''Master Piece'' (2012)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry & ERM – ''Humanicity'' (2012)
* ] feat. Lee "Scratch" Perry – '']'' (2012)
* The Orb feat. Lee "Scratch" Perry – '']'' (2013)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''Back on the Controls'' (2014)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry & Pura Vida – ''The Super Ape Strikes Again'' (2015)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''Must Be Free'' (2016)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''Science, Magic, Logic'' (2017)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry & ] – ''Super Ape Returns to Conquer'' (2017)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''The Black Album'' (2018)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''Alien Dub Massive'' (2019)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry & Woodie Taylor – ''Big Ben Rock'' (2019)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''Rainford'' (2019)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry & Mr. Green – ''Super Ape vs. 緑: Open Door'' (2019)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''Life of Plants'' (2019)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''Heavy Rain'' (2019)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''Live in Brighton'' (2020)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''Lee Scratch Perry Presents The Full Experience'' (2020)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry and Spacewave – ''Dubz of the Root'' (2021)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry & Ral Ston – ''Friends'' (2021)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry & Ral Ston & Scientist – ''Scratch & Scientist Meet Ral Ston To Conquer The Evil Duppies'' (2021)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry & New Age Doom – ''Lee "Scratch" Perry's Guide to the Universe'' (2021)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – ''Heaven'' (2023)
* Lee "Scratch" Perry – '']'' (2024)

===Compilation albums===
* '']'' (1975)
* ''Scratch on the Wire'' (1979)
* ''The Upsetter Collection'' (1981)
* ''Megaton Dub'' (1983)
* '']'' (1997)
* ''Ape-ology'' (2007)
* ''King Scratch Musical'' (2022)

Note: Perry has had numerous compilations come out under his name, with many being illegitimate. This list tries to round up a few more "essential" compilations.


===Appearances=== ===Appearances===
* Co-wrote "]" with ]. It was later covered by ] on their 1977 ], some versions of which include their Perry-produced single "]".<ref name="Katz-PFB">Katz, David (2006) ''People Funny Boy'', Omnibus Press, {{ISBN|978-1846094439}}, pp. 247, 453.</ref>
* Produced ]'s single "]" (1977)
* "The Only Alternative" on the compilation ''Roots of Innovation – 15 And X Years On-U Sound'' (1994) by ] on ] label.<ref>''Roots of Innovation: 15 and X Years On-U Sound'', On-U Sound, 1996</ref>
* Co-wrote "]" with ] who recorded it originally. Later covered by ] on their debut album (1977)
* "The Only Alternative" on the compilation ''Roots Of Innovation - 15 And X Years On-U Sound'' (1994) by ] on ] label * "Dr. Lee, PhD" on the album '']'' (1998) by ]<ref name="Katz-PFB" />
* Appears on two tracks on the album ''Whaa!'' (2005) by ]<ref>Beres, Derek (2005) "", ''Paste'', 23 November 2005. Retrieved 18 September 2015</ref>
* "Dr. Lee, PhD" on the album ''Hello Nasty'' (1998) by ]
* Starred in a series of ] advertisements (2008)<ref>Hasson, Thomas (2012) "", The Quietus, 4 September 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2015.</ref>
* Appears on two tracks on the album ''Whaa!'' (2005) by ]
* Appears on two tracks on the album ''Nairobi meets Mad Professor: Wu Wei'' (2009) by Argentinian dub band ]<ref> {{dead link|date=August 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
* Starred in a series of ] advertisements (2008)
* Appears on the single ''Golden Clouds'' (2012) by ]<ref>Katz, David (2012) "", ]. Retrieved 18 September 2015.</ref>
* Appears on the album ''Aquarium in Dub'' (2020) by ] and Levsha-Patsan ({{langx|ru|]}})<ref>{{cite web|author=Алексей Мажаев|url=https://www.intermedia.ru/news/350588|title=Рецензия: «Аквариум», Ли «Скрэтч» Перри — «Аквариум in Dub»|lang=ru|website=InterMedia|publisher=|date=2020-09-08|accessdate=2020-11-07}}</ref><ref> ''In Russian''</ref>
* Frayed Moon Magic Man & Man in The Baloon Feat. Lee Scratch Perry
* Appears on the album ''Sly & Robbie vs Roots Radics - The Final Battle'' (2019) by Sly & Robbie and Roots Radics produced by Hernan "Don Camel" Sforzini <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.discogs.com/es/master/1534006-Sly-Robbie-Vs-Roots-Radics-The-Final-Battle | title=Sly & Robbie Vs. Roots Radics - the Final Battle | website=] }}</ref>
* Appears on the album ''Sly & Robbie vs Roots Radics - The Dub Battle'' (2021) by Sly & Robbie and Roots Radics produced by Hernan "Don Camel" Sforzini <ref>{{cite web | url=https://dubblog.de/en/sly-robbie-vs-roots-radics-the-dub-battle/ | title=Sly & Robbie vs. Roots Radics: The Dub Battle | date=28 September 2021 }}</ref>
{{Div col end}}


===Films=== ==Films==
* Lee Perry: Return Of The Super Ape(BA BA ZEE) - Rick Elgood & Don Letts (UK) * ''Lee Perry: Return of the Super Ape'' (BA BA ZEE) – Rick Elgood and Don Letts (UK)
* Visions of Paradise - Dir. Volkner Schaner * ''Lee Scratch Perry's Vision of Paradise'' (2015) – directed by Volker Schaner, produced by Daniela Schmid
* Scratch in Deutschland (1992)(10mins) * ''Scratch in Deutschland'' (1992) (10 minutes)
* Ich sende aus dem All (1995)(30mins)16mm, dir.Peter Braatz * ''Ich sende aus dem All'' (1995) (30 minutes), directed by Peter Braatz
* The Upsetter: The Music & Genius of Lee 'Scratch' Perry (90mins)(2008)directed by Ethan Higbee and Adam Bhala Lough * '']'' (90 minutes) (2011), directed by Ethan Higbee and ] narrated by ]
* Tracks: Lee Perry (2005)(ARTE)(France) * ''Tracks: Lee Perry'' (2005) (]) (France)


===Videos=== ==Videos==
* ''Jesus Perry'' Live – directed by InYourFaceTV (2013)
*''Lee Scratch Perry: The Unlimited Destruction'', 2002, USA
* ''Golden Clouds'' – directed by Volker Schaner, collaboration with ] (2012)
*''Lee Scratch Perry: In Concert - The Ultimate Alien'', 2003, USA
*''Lee Scratch Perry With Mad Professor'', 2004, USA * ''Lee Scratch Perry: The Unlimited Destruction'', 2002, US
* ''Lee Scratch Perry: In Concert – The Ultimate Alien'', 2003, US
*''Roots Rock Reggae - Inside the Jamaican Music Scene'', 1977. Directed by ].
* ''Lee Scratch Perry with Mad Professor'', 2004, US
* Carrying The Swing - Dir. Howard Johnson (1998)
* Reggae: The Story Of Jamaican Music (Part.2 - Rebel Music)2002. Mike Connolly * ''Roots Rock Reggae – Inside the Jamaican Music Scene'', 1977, directed by ]
* ''Carrying the Swing'' – directed by Howard Johnson (1998)
* Rock & Roll - Punk (10pt Series)(PBS)(USA)(1995)(Episode 9 ONLY) A.K.A. Dancing in the Street: A Rock and Roll History (Episode 8 only)(UK)
* ''Reggae: The Story of Jamaican Music'' (Part 2 – Rebel Music), 2002, Mike Connolly
* Tribute To Sister D - The Forum, London 1995(One Drop - Crazy Baldheads - Roastfish and Cornbread)
* ''Rock & Roll – Punk'' (10-part series) (US) (1995) (episode 9 only), a.k.a. ''Dancing in the Street: A Rock and Roll History'' (episode 8 only) (UK)
* Portraits Of Jamaican Music - Dir.Pierre Marc Simonin (2003)
* ''Tribute to Sister D'' – The Forum, London, 1995 (One Drop – Crazy Baldheads – Roastfish and Cornbread)
* Jools in Jamaica - Dir.Geoff Wonfor, Presenter Jools Holland
* ''Portraits of Jamaican Music'' – directed by Pierre Marc Simonin (2003)
* ''Jools in Jamaica'' – directed by Geoff Wonfor, presenter ]
* ''Full Moon, plant a tree'' – directed by Juan Manuel Sicuso
* ''The Gates of dub'' – directed by Juan Manuel Sicuso

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{Reflist}}


==Further reading== ==Further reading==
* Collingwood, Jeremy (2010) ''Lee 'Scratch' Perry: Kiss Me Neck – The Scratch Story in Words, Pictures and Records'', Cherry Red Books, {{ISBN|978-1-901447-96-5}}
*{{cite book | author=] | title=People Funny Boy: The Genius of Lee Scratch Perry | publisher=Payback Press, UK | year=2000 | isbn=0-86241-854-2}}
* {{Cite book | author=Katz, David | title=People Funny Boy: The Genius of Lee Scratch Perry | publisher=Payback Press, UK | year=2000 | isbn=0-86241-854-2 | author-link=David Katz (author) | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/peoplefunnyboy00katz }}
*] & ], ''Give Me Power: A Complete Discography'', Trax On Wax
*], ''Super Scratch: The Almost Complete Lee Perry Discography'', 1999, Secret History Books * ] and Jeremy Collingwood, ''Give Me Power: A Complete Discography'', Trax on Wax
* Gary Simons, ''Super Scratch: The Almost Complete Lee Perry Discography'', 1999, Secret History Books
* {{Cite book | author = Caesar, Pogus | title= Muzik Kinda Sweet | publisher=Punch, OOM Gallery Archive, UK | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-0-9566741-0-4}}


==External links== ==External links==
* {{Commons-inline|Lee Perry}}
*
* {{AllMusic|class=artist|id=mn0000785380}}
*{{myspace|leescratchperry|Official Lee 'Scratch' Perry}}
* at ]
*
* {{IMDb name|1405538}}
*
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Latest revision as of 00:49, 15 December 2024

Jamaican reggae producer (1936–2021)

Lee "Scratch" PerryOD
Perry performing in Munich, 2016Perry performing in Munich, 2016
Background information
Birth nameRainford Hugh Perry
Also known as"Pipecock Jackson"
"The Upsetter"
Born(1936-03-20)20 March 1936
Kendal, Hanover, Jamaica
OriginKingston, Jamaica
Died29 August 2021(2021-08-29) (aged 85)
Lucea, Hanover, Jamaica
Genres
Occupations
  • Record producer
  • singer
  • songwriter
Years active1958–2021
Labels
Websitehttp://www.lee-perry.com/ (no longer works as it requires Adobe Flash)
Musical artist

Lee "Scratch" Perry OD (born Rainford Hugh Perry; 20 March 1936 – 29 August 2021) was a Jamaican record producer, songwriter and singer noted for his innovative studio techniques and production style. Perry was a pioneer in the 1970s development of dub music with his early adoption of remixing and studio effects to create new instrumental or vocal versions of existing reggae tracks. He worked with and produced for a wide variety of artists, including Bob Marley and the Wailers, Junior Murvin, the Congos, Max Romeo, Adrian Sherwood, Beastie Boys, Ari Up, the Clash, the Orb, and many others.

Early life

Rainford Hugh Perry was born on 20 March 1936 in Kendal, Jamaica, in the parish of Hanover, the third child of Ina Davis and Henry Perry. His mother had strong African traditions originating from her Yoruba ancestry that she passed on to her son. His parents were both laborers, but his father later became a professional dancer.

Lee left school at age 15 and lived in Hanover, working as a labourer to help build the first road in Negril. He eventually wound up in Clarendon where he got into the dance and music scene and earned the nickname "The Neat Little Thing". Lee later moved to Kingston after experiencing a mystical connection to stones ("When the stones clash, I hear like the thunder clash... and I hear words... These words send me to Kingston. Kingston means King's Stone, the Son of the King... the stone that I was throwing in Negril send me to King Stone for my graduation.") where he apprenticed at Studio One.

Career

Early work

Perry's musical career began in the late 1950s as a record seller for Clement Coxsone Dodd's sound system. As his sometimes turbulent relationship with Dodd developed, he found himself performing a variety of important tasks at Dodd's Studio One hit factory, going on to record nearly thirty songs for the label. Disagreements between the pair due to personality and financial conflicts led him to leave the studio and seek new musical outlets. He soon found a new home at Joe Gibbs's Amalgamated Records.

Working with Gibbs, Perry continued his recording career but, once again, financial problems caused conflict. Perry broke ranks with Gibbs and formed his own label, Upsetter Records, in 1968. His first major single "People Funny Boy", which was an insult directed at Gibbs, sold well with 60,000 copies sold in Jamaica alone. It is notable for its innovative use of a sample (a crying baby) as well as a fast, chugging beat that would soon become identifiable as "reggae". Similarly his acrimonious 1967 single as Lee "King" Perry, "Run for Cover", was likewise aimed at Sir Coxsone.

From 1968 until 1972, he worked with his studio band the Upsetters. During the 1970s, Perry released numerous recordings on a variety of record labels that he controlled, and many of his songs were popular in both Jamaica and the United Kingdom, where his instrumental "The Return of Django" was a top five hit in 1969. He soon became known for his innovative production techniques as well as his eccentric character.

In 1970, Perry produced and released the Wailers track "Mr. Brown" (1970) with its unusual use of studio effects and eerie opening highlighting his unique approach to production.

The Black Ark

In 1973, Perry built a studio in his back yard, the Black Ark, to have more control over his productions and continued to produce notable musicians such as Bob Marley and the Wailers, Junior Byles, Junior Murvin, the Heptones, the Congos, and Max Romeo. He also started the Black Ark label, on which many of the productions from the studio appeared. With his own studio at his disposal, Perry's productions became more lavish, as the energetic producer was able to spend as much time as he wanted on the music he produced. Virtually everything Perry recorded in The Black Ark was done using basic recording equipment; through sonic sleight-of-hand, Perry made it sound unique. Paul Douglas mentions:

"Scratch had a particular sound and everybody was fascinated by his sound. He had this way of putting things together; it was just his sound and it influenced a lot of people. I’ve even gone to the Black Ark with Eric Gale for that Negril album; I remember myself and Val Douglas, we laid some tracks there, Eric Gale overdubbed stuff on there, but I honestly don't remember what happened to it."

Perry remained behind the mixing desk for many years, producing songs and albums that stand out as a high point in reggae history. He was known to remain in the studio for days at a time when mixing, taking no visitors or calls, and very little food or drink.

By 1978, stress and unwanted outside influences began to take their toll: both Perry and the Black Ark quickly fell into a state of disrepair. Eventually, the studio burned to the ground. Perry has constantly insisted that he burned the Black Ark himself in a fit of rage.

After the Black Ark (1980s and 1990s)

Perry performing in 1998

After the demise of the Black Ark in the early 1980s, Perry spent time in England and the United States, performing live and making erratic records with a variety of collaborators. His career took a new path in 1984 when he met Mark Downie (Marcus Upbeat) with whom he worked on the 1986 album Battle of Armagideon for Trojan. It was not until the late 1980s, when he began working with British producers Adrian Sherwood and Neil Fraser (who is better known as Mad Professor), that Perry's career began to get back on solid ground again. Perry also attributed a later resurgence of his creative muse to his deciding to quit drinking alcohol and smoking cannabis. In his earlier days, the act of producing for Perry was a frenzied and ritualistic one where he stated that "he blew smoke into the microphone so that the weed would get into the song." Perry stated in an interview that he wanted to see if "it was the smoke making the music or Lee Perry making the music. I found out it was me and that I don't need to smoke."

In 1998, Perry reached a wider global audience as vocalist on the track "Dr. Lee, PhD" from the Beastie Boys' album Hello Nasty.

Later career

In 2003, Perry won a Grammy for Best Reggae Album with the album Jamaican E.T. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked Perry number 100 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. He teamed up with a group of Swiss musicians and performed under the name Lee Perry and the White Belly Rats, and toured the United States in 2006 and 2007 using the New York City-based group Dub Is a Weapon as his backing band.

After meeting Andrew W.K. at SXSW in 2006, Perry invited him to co-produce his album Repentance. The album, released on 19 August 2008 through Narnack Records, featured several guest artists including Moby, Ari Up, producer Don Fleming, drummer Brian Chippendale, and bassist Josh Werner.

In 2007, Perry's song "Enter the Dragon" was sampled on the track "Carrots" by Panda Bear of Animal Collective. As well, Perry was selected by Animal Collective in 2011 to perform at All Tomorrow's Parties, which the band curated in May 2011. That same year, he recorded Rise Again with bassist and producer Bill Laswell; the album featured contributions from Tunde Adebimpe, Sly Dunbar, and Bernie Worrell, and was released on Laswell's M.O.D. Technologies label.

In 2008, Perry reunited with Adrian Sherwood on The Mighty Upsetter. Between 2007 and 2010, Perry recorded three albums with British producer Steve Marshall who he met at Pyramid Arts Development in Hackney. The albums featured performances by Keith Richards and George Clinton. Two of these albums, End of an American Dream (2008) and Revelation (2010), received Grammy nominations in the category Best Reggae Album.

Perry in 2009

In 2009, Perry collaborated with Dubblestandart on their Return from Planet Dub double album, revisiting some of his material from the 1970s and 1980s, as well as collaborating on new material with Dubblestandart, some of which also included Ari Up of the Slits. In 2008, leading up to this release, Perry's first foray into the dubstep genre was released on 12" vinyl, a collaboration with Dubblestandart and New York City's Subatomic Sound System called "Iron Devil". That record was followed by several more reggae-oriented dubstep collaborations with Dubblestandart and Subatomic Sound System on digital and vinyl, first Blackboard Jungle volumes 1 and 2 (2009), featuring dancehall vocalist Jahdan Blakkamoore, then Chrome Optimism (2010), which also featured American filmmaker David Lynch. Following that, in 2010, Perry and Ari Up of the Slits collaborated on a limited-edition Subatomic Sound System 7" called "Hello, Hell Is Very Low", a rootical dubstep release that would turn out to be one of Ari Up's last recordings and the final release during her lifetime.

In 2010, Perry had his first ever solo art exhibition at Dem Passwords art gallery in Los Angeles, California. The show, titled "Secret Education", featured works on canvas, paper, and a video installation.

In 2011, The Upsetter, a documentary film about Perry, narrated by Benicio Del Toro, was released worldwide in theaters after its premiere at the 2008 SXSW Film Festival. The film was directed and produced by American film makers Ethan Higbee and Adam Bhala Lough, and opened in Los Angeles in March 2011. It continued to screen worldwide into 2012, with the DVD, iTunes, and Video on Demand following soon thereafter.

In 2012, Perry teamed with the Orb to produce The Orbserver in the Star House, which was recorded in Berlin over a period of several months. The album earned critical acclaim, and featured the single "Golden Clouds", named after the historic property located near Perry's hometown in Jamaica. The recording sessions were filmed by Volker Schaner and were part of the documentary Lee Scratch Perry's Vision of Paradise.

In August 2012, it was announced that Perry would receive Jamaica's sixth highest honour, the Order of Distinction, Commander class.

In 2013, Perry performed at the first Dub Champions Festival in Vienna, a sold-out performance, backed by Dubblestandart with Adrian Sherwood handling the dub mix. Perry also performed at the first two Dub Champions Festivals in New York City in 2011 and 2012, backed by Subatomic Sound System. Perry performed at the 2013 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in Indio, California.

Perry is featured as the DJ on the dub and reggae radio station "The Blue Ark" in Grand Theft Auto V. The station includes a number of dubs by Perry and the Upsetters including "Disco Devil" and "Grumblin' Dub".

In October 2013, it was announced that Perry will be awarded a Gold Musgrave Medal later that month by the Institute of Jamaica.

Perry recorded an album with Daniel Boyle in London, released in May 2014 as Lee "Scratch" Perry – Back on the Controls. The album received a Grammy nomination later that year.

Perry remixed the "Thor's Stone" single by UK producer Forest Swords in November 2013.

Perry performing in Saint Petersburg, Russia, in August 2015

In 2015, the documentary Lee Scratch Perry's Vision of Paradise had a worldwide release in cinemas as well as on DVD and VOD after premiering at the East End Film Festival in London. The film followed Perry for 15 years through his home in Switzerland and travels abroad.

Perry signing an autograph for a fan after a performance at Bumbershoot in 2015.

In September 2015, Perry and Subatomic Sound System launched a 40th anniversary tour for Perry's 1976 album Super Ape. The tour began as part of Dub Champions Festival and continued over the next two years with more than 50 dates in North America and some isolated dates in Europe. Nearly every show was sold out on the 2015 and 2016 tours. It culminated with the release of the Super Ape Returns to Conquer album in September 2017 which debuted at number 2 on iTunes US reggae chart behind Bob Marley's remastered Legend album, and on number 3 on the Billboard reggae chart. Larry McDonald performed as part of the band and on the recorded album. A Kickstarter campaign was organized in 2015 by Emch of Subatomic Sound System to raise funds to build a custom 15-foot-tall gorilla similar to the one on the original album cover art. The Kickstarter campaign reached its goal and the gorilla appeared on stage during 2015 and 2016 tour dates.

In October 2018, Perry and Subatomic Sound System launched a 45th anniversary tour for the 1973 album Blackboard Jungle Dub, produced by Perry. The tour began in North America and tour posters includes the tag line "World's 1st dub album, Live for the first time". Rolling Stone published a preview of the tour.

2019 saw the release of The Revelation of Lee "Scratch" Perry, a film about the making of his 2010 album Revelation, directed by Steve Marshall for State of Emergency. The film features intimate behind the scenes footage of Perry at work in his home studio in the Swiss Alps and an in depth interview with him.

In April 2019, hip hop producer Mr. Green announced that he would be doing a record made out of Perry's famous audio stems. In July 2019, Perry announced that the record is entitled Super Ape vs. 緑: Open Door and that it would release through Tuff Kong Records on 19 August 2019. The record combined over 20 different genres of music. Hypebeast said it was "Perry's best work in years" and that it "pushes boundaries of various genres. The record reached the Top 10 on the iTunes reggae chart and the Top 100 on the Billboard reggae chart.

A couple of weeks prior to his death, Perry released his last song, "No Bloody Friends". The song was a collaboration with Ral Ston, and it was released on 13 August 2021.

Perry's final album was with New Age Doom, titled Lee "Scratch" Perry's Guide to the Universe (2021). Perry's final dub production was for Sly & Robbie vs. Roots Radics, The Dub Battle (2021). The song was "The Gates of Dub" with Max Romeo and The Roots Radics band produced by Hernan "Don Camel" Sforzini.

Personal life

Perry resided in Einsiedeln, Switzerland, with his wife Mireille and their two children. He had four other children by the names of Cleopatra Perry, Marsha Perry, Omar Perry, and Marvin (Sean) Perry in various parts of the world. In 2015, his new studio in Switzerland, the "Secret Laboratory", was damaged by a fire that also destroyed his stage costumes and unreleased recordings.

Death

Perry died on 29 August 2021 at the Noel Holmes hospital in Lucea, Jamaica, from an unspecified illness, aged 85.

Discography

Albums

  • The Upsetters – The Upsetter (1969)
  • The Upsetters – Return of Django (1969)
  • The Upsetters – Clint Eastwood (1970)
  • The Upsetters – Many Moods of the Upsetters (1970)
  • The Upsetters – Scratch the Upsetter Again (1970)
  • The Upsetters – Eastwood Rides Again (1970)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – Africa's Blood (1972)
  • The Upsetters – Scratch the Upsetter – Cloak and Dagger (1973)
  • The Upsetters – Rhythm Shower (1973)
  • The Upsetters – 14 Dub Blackboard Jungle (1973)
  • The Upsetters – Double Seven (1974)
  • King Tubby Meets the Upsetter – At the Grass Roots of Dub (1974)
  • The Upsetters – Musical Bones (1975)
  • The Upsetters – Return of Wax (1975)
  • The Mighty Upsetter – Kung Fu Meets the Dragon (1975)
  • Lee Perry & The Upsetters – Revolution Dub (1975)
  • The Upsetters – Super Ape (1976)
  • Lee Perry – Roast Fish Collie Weed & Corn Bread (1978)
  • The Upsetters – Return of the Super Ape (1978)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – The Return of Pipecock Jackxon (1980)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – Black Ark In Dub (1981)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry & The Majestics – Mystic Miracle Star (1982)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – History, Mystery & Prophesy (1984)
  • Lee 'Scratch' Perry and The Upsetters – Battle of Armagideon (Millionaire Liquidator) (1986)
  • Lee 'Scratch' Perry + Dub Syndicate – Time Boom X De Devil Dead (1987)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – Satan Kicked the Bucket (1988)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry with Mad Professor – Mystic Warrior (1989)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry with Mad Professor – Mystic Warrior Dub (1989)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – Message from Yard (1990)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – From the Secret Laboratory (1990)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry Meets Bullwackie – Satan's Dub (1990)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – Spiritual Healing (1990)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – Lord God Muzik (1991)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – The Upsetter and the Beat (1992)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry & Mad Professor – Black Ark Experryments (1995)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – Experryments at the Grass Roots of Dub (1995)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry featuring Mad Professor/Douggie Digital/Juggler – Super Ape Inna Jungle (1996)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – Who Put the Voodoo Pon Reggae (1996)
  • Mad Professor & Lee " Scratch" Perry – Dub Take the Voodoo Out of Reggae (1996)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – Technomajikal (1997)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – Dub Fire (1998)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – Fire in Dub (1998)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – On the Wire (2000)
  • Mad Professor & Lee "Scratch" Perry – Techno Party (2000)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry & Niney the Observer – Station Underground Report (2001)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – Jamaican E.T. (2002)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – Alien Starman (2003)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry and the Whitebellyrats – Panic in Babylon (2004)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – End of an American Dream (2007)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – The Mighty Upsetter (2008)
  • Lee "$cratch" Perry – Repentance (2008)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – Scratch Came Scratch Saw Scratch Conquered (2008)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry & Adrian Sherwood – Dub Setter (2009)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – The Unfinished Master Piece (2010)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – Revelation (2010)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry & Bill Laswell – Rise Again (2011)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – Master Piece (2012)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry & ERM – Humanicity (2012)
  • The Orb feat. Lee "Scratch" Perry – The Orbserver in the Star House (2012)
  • The Orb feat. Lee "Scratch" Perry – More Tales from the Orbservatory (2013)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – Back on the Controls (2014)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry & Pura Vida – The Super Ape Strikes Again (2015)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – Must Be Free (2016)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – Science, Magic, Logic (2017)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry & Subatomic Sound System – Super Ape Returns to Conquer (2017)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – The Black Album (2018)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – Alien Dub Massive (2019)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry & Woodie Taylor – Big Ben Rock (2019)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – Rainford (2019)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry & Mr. Green – Super Ape vs. 緑: Open Door (2019)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – Life of Plants (2019)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – Heavy Rain (2019)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – Live in Brighton (2020)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – Lee Scratch Perry Presents The Full Experience (2020)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry and Spacewave – Dubz of the Root (2021)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry & Ral Ston – Friends (2021)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry & Ral Ston & Scientist – Scratch & Scientist Meet Ral Ston To Conquer The Evil Duppies (2021)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry & New Age Doom – Lee "Scratch" Perry's Guide to the Universe (2021)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – Heaven (2023)
  • Lee "Scratch" Perry – King Perry (2024)

Compilation albums

  • DIP Presents the Upsetter (1975)
  • Scratch on the Wire (1979)
  • The Upsetter Collection (1981)
  • Megaton Dub (1983)
  • Arkology (1997)
  • Ape-ology (2007)
  • King Scratch Musical (2022)

Note: Perry has had numerous compilations come out under his name, with many being illegitimate. This list tries to round up a few more "essential" compilations.

Appearances

  • Co-wrote "Police and Thieves" with Junior Murvin. It was later covered by The Clash on their 1977 debut album, some versions of which include their Perry-produced single "Complete Control".
  • "The Only Alternative" on the compilation Roots of Innovation – 15 And X Years On-U Sound (1994) by Dub Syndicate on On-U Sound label.
  • "Dr. Lee, PhD" on the album Hello Nasty (1998) by Beastie Boys
  • Appears on two tracks on the album Whaa! (2005) by Zuco 103
  • Starred in a series of Guinness advertisements (2008)
  • Appears on two tracks on the album Nairobi meets Mad Professor: Wu Wei (2009) by Argentinian dub band Nairobi
  • Appears on the single Golden Clouds (2012) by The Orb
  • Appears on the album Aquarium in Dub (2020) by Aquarium and Levsha-Patsan (Russian: Левша-пацан)
  • Frayed Moon Magic Man & Man in The Baloon Feat. Lee Scratch Perry
  • Appears on the album Sly & Robbie vs Roots Radics - The Final Battle (2019) by Sly & Robbie and Roots Radics produced by Hernan "Don Camel" Sforzini
  • Appears on the album Sly & Robbie vs Roots Radics - The Dub Battle (2021) by Sly & Robbie and Roots Radics produced by Hernan "Don Camel" Sforzini

Films

  • Lee Perry: Return of the Super Ape (BA BA ZEE) – Rick Elgood and Don Letts (UK)
  • Lee Scratch Perry's Vision of Paradise (2015) – directed by Volker Schaner, produced by Daniela Schmid
  • Scratch in Deutschland (1992) (10 minutes)
  • Ich sende aus dem All (1995) (30 minutes), directed by Peter Braatz
  • The Upsetter (90 minutes) (2011), directed by Ethan Higbee and Adam Bhala Lough narrated by Benicio del Toro
  • Tracks: Lee Perry (2005) (Arte) (France)

Videos

  • Jesus Perry Live – directed by InYourFaceTV (2013)
  • Golden Clouds – directed by Volker Schaner, collaboration with The Orb (2012)
  • Lee Scratch Perry: The Unlimited Destruction, 2002, US
  • Lee Scratch Perry: In Concert – The Ultimate Alien, 2003, US
  • Lee Scratch Perry with Mad Professor, 2004, US
  • Roots Rock Reggae – Inside the Jamaican Music Scene, 1977, directed by Jeremy Marre
  • Carrying the Swing – directed by Howard Johnson (1998)
  • Reggae: The Story of Jamaican Music (Part 2 – Rebel Music), 2002, Mike Connolly
  • Rock & Roll – Punk (10-part series) (US) (1995) (episode 9 only), a.k.a. Dancing in the Street: A Rock and Roll History (episode 8 only) (UK)
  • Tribute to Sister D – The Forum, London, 1995 (One Drop – Crazy Baldheads – Roastfish and Cornbread)
  • Portraits of Jamaican Music – directed by Pierre Marc Simonin (2003)
  • Jools in Jamaica – directed by Geoff Wonfor, presenter Jools Holland
  • Full Moon, plant a tree – directed by Juan Manuel Sicuso
  • The Gates of dub – directed by Juan Manuel Sicuso

Notes

  1. Often stylized as Pipecock Jackxon
  2. His wife, Mireille, claims he died on the way to the hospital on 28 August

References

  1. ^ Katz, David (17 November 2009). People Funny Boy – The Genius Of Lee 'Scratch' Perry. Omnibus Press. pp. 1–5. ISBN 978-0-85712-034-2.
  2. "Reggae great Lee Scratch Perry dies". 29 August 2021. Retrieved 29 August 2021.
  3. ^ Strong, Martin C. (2000). The Great Rock Discography (5th ed.). Edinburgh: Mojo Books. pp. 738–741. ISBN 1-84195-017-3.
  4. Mason, Peter (19 August 2021). "Lee 'Scratch' Perry obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
  5. "The Upsetter: the Life and Music of Lee Scratch Perry". Theupsettermovie.com. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
  6. ^ Gavin, Francesca (16 October 2020). "Lee "Scratch" Perry: Mirror Master Futures Yard". Swiss Institute Contemporary Art New York. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  7. Harty, Hilary. "Lee "Scratch" Perry, Reggae Pioneer, Set to Burn the Mother Down". San Antonio Current. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  8. Katz, David (17 November 2009). People Funny Boy – The Genius Of Lee 'Scratch' Perry. Omnibus Press. pp. 175, 181–2. ISBN 978-0-85712-034-2.
  9. Katz, David (17 November 2009). People Funny Boy – The Genius Of Lee 'Scratch' Perry. Omnibus Press. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-85712-034-2.
  10. Bradley, Lloyd (2002). Reggae: The Story of Jamaican Music. London, UK: BBC Worldwide. p. 60. ISBN 0563488077.
  11. Horovitz, Adam (21 April 2005). "Lee "Scratch" Perry". Rolling Stone. New York. ProQuest 220173961.
  12. Heselgrave, Douglas (December 2006). "Lee Scratch Perry: From the Black Ark to the Skull Cave, the Madman Becomes a Psychiatrist". Music Box Magazine. Retrieved 28 December 2006.
  13. "Beastie Boys' Hot Sauce History: Lee Perry Rides The Subway – Music, Celebrity, Artist News". Mtv.com. 3 May 2011. Archived from the original on 5 May 2011. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
  14. "The Immortals: The First Fifty". Rolling Stone Issue 946. Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 16 March 2006.
  15. "ATP curated by Animal Collective – All Tomorrow's Parties". Atpfestival.com. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
  16. "Lee "Scratch" Perry: Rise Again". PopMatters. 1 June 2011.
  17. "Dubblestandart featuring Lee Scratch Perry* & Prince Far-I* – Iron Devil (Vinyl) at Discogs". Discogs.com. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
  18. "Dubblestandart Meets David Lynch & Lee Scratch Perry* – Chrome Optimism (Vinyl) at Discogs". Discogs.com. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
  19. Ziegler, Chris (12 November 2010). "Lee "Scratch" Perry's First-Ever Art Show Opens Tomorrow – Interview with Curator Sebastian Demian – Los Angeles – Music – West Coast Sound". Blogs.laweekly.com. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
  20. "Benicio Del Toro Narrates Doc on Reggae Legend Lee 'Scratch' Perry (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. 24 February 2011. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
  21. "'The Upsetter: The Life & Music of Lee "Scratch" Perry' Released On New Self-Distribution Platform | Shadow and Act". Blogs.indiewire.com. 30 September 2012. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
  22. Nate Jackson (24 March 2011). "Lee 'Scratch' Perry's life on film in 'The Upsetter' – Los Angeles Times". Articles.latimes.com. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
  23. "Doc Channel Blog, Docs on DVD: 'The Upsetter'; 'Shut Up Little Man!'; 'Sarah Palin: You Betcha!'; 'Revenge of the Electric Car'; 'Queen of the Sun'; 'Limelight'; 'Hell and Back Again'; 'From the Sky Down'". Blog.documentarychannel.com. 24 January 2012. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
  24. "New On DVD/Blu-ray/VOD This Week – "13," "The Upsetter: The Life and Music of Lee Scratch Perry," "A Good Man" | Shadow and Act". Blogs.indiewire.com. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
  25. "The Orb & Lee 'Scratch' Perry: 'Golden Clouds' Video on JamBase". Jambase.com. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
  26. "The Orb's New Album 'The Observer In The Star House' Ft. Lee Scratch Perry Out 8/28 @ Top40-Charts.com – Songs & Videos from 49 Top 20 & Top 40 Music Charts from 30 Countries". Top40-charts.com. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
  27. "The Orb Featuring Lee Scratch Perry Debut 'Hold Me Upsetter' As A Free Download". Contactmusic.com. 3 September 2012. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
  28. Bonitto, Brian (2012), "Tosh gets OM", Jamaica Observer, 7 August 2012. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
  29. "Rockstar reveals definitive GTA 5 radio station song list: From Rick James to FIDLAR". Metro. 3 October 2013. Retrieved 11 February 2017.
  30. "'Scratch' and 'Chinna' to get Musgrave Medals", Jamaica Observer, 4 October 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2013
  31. Gentile, John (2013) "Lee 'Scratch' Perry Is 'Back on the Controls' in Roots Reggae Return", Rolling Stone, 13 November 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
  32. Jackson, Kevin (2014) "Six vie for Reggae Grammy album", Jamaica Observer, 5 December 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
  33. "Listen: Lee "Scratch" Perry Remixes Forest Swords' "Thor's Stone" | News". Pitchfork. 27 November 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
  34. Barnes, Henry (4 February 2016). "Lee 'Scratch' Perry's Vision of Paradise review – kaleidoscopic tour of a certifiable original". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  35. "Lee "Scratch" Perry Needs Giant Gorilla for Super Ape Tour | News". Afropop Worldwide. 24 July 2015.
  36. "Going bananas for Lee "Scratch" Perry's Super Ape | News". Wax Poetics. 2015.
  37. "Lee 'Scratch' Perry to Perform 'Blackboard Jungle Dub' LP Live This Fall | News". Rolling Stone. 11 October 2018.
  38. "Traffic Ent". Trafficent.com.
  39. "Hypebeast". 21 September 2019.
  40. "The music business remembers Lee 'Scratch' Perry". Musicweek.com. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  41. "The Gates of Dub - Lee "Scratch" Perry meets Roots Radics feat. Max Romeo". YouTube. May 2022.
  42. "Legendary producer Lee 'Scratch' Perry's studio destroyed", Jamaica Observer, 7 December 2015. Retrieved 11 December 2015.
  43. Grizzle, Shereita (2015) "Unreleased Lee 'Scratch' Perry recordings destroyed in fire", Jamaica Gleaner, 11 December 2015. Retrieved 11 December 2015.
  44. Mason, Peter (29 August 2021). "Lee 'Scratch' Perry obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 August 2021.
  45. "Lee 'Scratch' Perry, visionary master of reggae, dies aged 85", The Guardian, 29 August 2021. Retrieved 29 August 2021.
  46. "Jamaican reggae icon Lee 'Scratch' Perry dies aged 85". BBC News Online. 29 August 2021. Retrieved 29 August 2021.
  47. ^ Katz, David (2006) People Funny Boy, Omnibus Press, ISBN 978-1846094439, pp. 247, 453.
  48. Roots of Innovation: 15 and X Years On-U Sound, On-U Sound, 1996
  49. Beres, Derek (2005) "Zuco 103 – Whaa!", Paste, 23 November 2005. Retrieved 18 September 2015
  50. Hasson, Thomas (2012) "INTERVIEW: Lee Scratch Perry & Orb LP", The Quietus, 4 September 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  52. Katz, David (2012) "The Orb featuring Lee 'Scratch' Perry The Orbserver in the Star House Review", BBC. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  53. Алексей Мажаев (8 September 2020). "Рецензия: «Аквариум», Ли «Скрэтч» Перри — «Аквариум in Dub»". InterMedia (in Russian). Retrieved 7 November 2020.
  54. «Пришлось вымачивать голос БГ в эликсире молодости». In Russian
  55. "Sly & Robbie Vs. Roots Radics - the Final Battle". Discogs.
  56. "Sly & Robbie vs. Roots Radics: The Dub Battle". 28 September 2021.

Further reading

External links

Lee "Scratch" Perry and the Upsetters
Studio albums
Compilations
Singles
Related
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