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{{Short description|Mythical Ukrainian composer}}
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'''Maria''' or '''Marusia Churai''' (1626–1689) was a semi-mythical ] ] ], ], and ]. She has become a recurrent motif in ] and the songs ascribed to her are widely performed in ]. '''Maria''' or '''Marusia Churai''' (1625–1653) was a mythical ] ] composer, poet, and singer. She became a recurrent motif in ] and the songs ascribed to her are widely performed in ].


Very little is known of her life. She was a native of ], and is regarded as the author as well as the subject of the well-known Ukrainian folk song "Oi Ne Khody Hrytsiu Tai na Vechornytsi" (Hryts, Don't Go to the Evening Dances) known in the West as "Yes my darling daughter".. According to the legend she was a native of ] (then in ]), and is regarded as the purported author as well as the subject of the well-known Ukrainian folk song "Oi Ne Khody Hrytsiu Tai na ]" (Oh Gregory, Don't Go to the Evening Dances) known in the West as "]".


==In literature==
According to the mythology surrounding Churai, she was in love with a ] named Hryts. Her love was not returned, and she prepared a posion potion for herself, which Hryts drank by accident before she could get to it. She was accused of murder, and stood trial. The exact verdict was unknown, but she is believed to have spent some time in incarceration, before being released or amnestied, commonly believed due to her reputation as a singer-songwriter.
⚫ The legend of Marusia Churai was formed under the influence of 19th century literary works such as the novel "Marusia, Malorosiiskaia Sapfo" (Marusia, the Littlerussian ]) by C. Shakhnovsky (1839). Many writers used the theme of "Hryts" in their works: M. Starytsky's play "Oi Ne Khody, Hrytsiu" (1892), V. Samiylenko's drama "Churaivna" (1894), ]'s novel "V Nediliu Rano Zillia Kopala" (She Gathered Herbs on Sunday Morning 1909), ] drama "Marusia Churai" (1935), L. Kostenko's novel in verse "Marusia Churai" (1979), and others.


===Influence in literature=== ==Influence in music==
⚫ The song "Oi Ne Khody Hrytsiu" was translated into Polish (1820), Czech (1822), German (1827), French (1830), English (1848) and other languages. However its melody is not of folk origin. It was first documented use was as an ] from a ] by a ] composer ].
⚫ The legend about Marusia Churai was formed under the influence of 19th century literary works such as the novel "Marusia, Malorosiiskaia Sapfo" (Marusia, the Littlerussian ]) by C. Shakhnovsky (1839). Many writers used the theme of "Hryts" in their works: M. Starytsky's play "Oi Ne Khody, Hrytsiu" (1892), V. Samiylenko's drama "Churaivna" (1894), ]'s novel "V Nediliu Rano Zillia Kopala" (She Gathered Herbs on Sunday Morning 1909), I. Mykytenko's drama "Marusia Churai" (1935), L. Kostenko's novel in verse "Marusia Churai" (1979), and others.
The original English translation of the song "Oi Ne Khody Hrytsiu" was also made and performed in 2023 by Vol Deineko on finger-style guitar under the name "."
⚫ The melody was used in ], a 1941 song by ].


⚫ Three other song texts that are ascribed to Marusia Churai: "Kotylysia Vozy z Hory" (The Wagons Were Rolling Downhill), "Viyut' Vitry" (Winds Are Blowing) and "Za Svit Staly Kozachenky" (The Kozaks Were Ready to March at Dawn). While the texts of these songs are of literary origin, their music is anonymous, from oral tradition. All the melodies that are attached to these texts date from the late 19th century.
===Influence in music===
⚫ The text of the Ukrainian folk song "Oi ne khody Hrytsiu" was first published in English translation in London in 1816. A Polish translation first appeared in 1822 in Lviv and a German translation appeared in 1848. Evidence exists to the songs popularity in France (1830s), Czech, Slovak lands, Belgium and the United States where it equally well known was the song "Ikhav kozak za Dunai" (the Cossack rode beyond the Danube; music and words by Semen Klymovsky). {cn}
] composed "Ballade d'Ukraine," a piano piece on the theme of commonly associated with the "Hryts" text.


⚫ Marusia Churai was commemorated on a Ukrainian postage stamp in February 2000. {cn}
⚫ The song "Oi Ne Khody Hrytsiu" was translated into Polish (1820), Czech (1822), German (1827), French (1830), English (1848) and other languages. However its melody is though not to be of folk origin. It was first documented use was as an arietta from a ] by a ] composer ].


==References==
⚫ The melody was used in ], a 1941 song by ].
⚫ {{Reflist}}


==External linkis==
⚫ Three other song texts that are attributed to Marusia Churai: "Kotylysia Vozy z Hory" (The Wagons Were Rolling Downhill), "Viyut' Vitry" (Winds Are Blowing) and "Za Svit Staly Kozachenky" (The Kozaks Were Ready to March at Dawn). While the texts of these songs may indeed be authentic, the music is not. All the melodies that are attached to her texts date from the late 18th century.
* in Encyclopedia of Ukraine (in English)
⚫ The text of the Ukrainian folk song "Oi ne khody Hrytsiu" was first published in English translation in London in 1816. A Polish translation first appeared in 1822 in Lviv and a German translation appeared in 1848. Evidence exists to the songs popularity in France (1830's), Czech, Slovak lands, Belgium and the United States where it equally well known was the song "Ikhav kozak za Dunai" (the Cossack rode beyond the Danube; music and words by Semen Klymovsky).
{{Authority control}}


⚫ {{DEFAULTSORT:Churai, Marusia}}
===In Classical Music===
Israeli musicologist ] states that the end of the first melodic phrase of "Oi ne khody Hrytsiu" (Yes my Darling Daughter) contains a "signature" melody common in Ukrainian songs in general which he calls the "Hryts sequence" and gives a list of hundreds of Ukrainian folk songs from the Carpathians to the ] that contain this particular sequence. His estimation, after studying Z. Lysko's collection of 9,077 Ukrainian melodies was that 6% of Ukrainian folk songs contain the sequence<ref>Yakov Soroker Ukrainian Elements in Classical Music CIUS Press, Edmonton-Toronto, 1995 p.126</ref>.


Other scholars have also addressed the unique character and expressiveness of the Hryts sequence such as ], who stated that "the refrain exudes a spirit of freedom that transports the listener to the steppes and is mixed with the sorrow of some unexpected tragedy.<ref>Alexander Serov, Muzyka Ukrainskyx pesen. Izbrannii stat'i, Moscow and Leningrad 1950, Volume 1, p. 119</ref>"

Soroker states that the Hryts signature was used by composers: ] (String Quartet no. 20, op. 9, no. 2; String quartet no. 25, op. 17, no 1; The Saviour's Seven last Words on the Cross, the Rondo of the D major Piano Concerto (composed 1795), Andante and variations for piano (1793)), ] (duet no. 2), ] (Symphonia concertante K. 364), ], ], ], ] (Ballade d'Ukraine), ], ], and others<ref>Yakov Soroker Ukrainian Elements in Classical Music CIUS Press, Edmonton-Toronto, 1995 </ref>.

⚫ This legendary composer and singer was commemorated on a Ukrainian postage stamp in February 2000.
⚫ {{Reflist}}
⚫ {{DEFAULTSORT:Churai, Marusia}}
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Latest revision as of 13:05, 6 October 2024

Mythical Ukrainian composer

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Ukrainian postage stamp featuring Marusia Churai

Maria or Marusia Churai (1625–1653) was a mythical Ukrainian Baroque composer, poet, and singer. She became a recurrent motif in Ukrainian literature and the songs ascribed to her are widely performed in Ukraine.

According to the legend she was a native of Poltava (then in Crown of the Kingdom of Poland), and is regarded as the purported author as well as the subject of the well-known Ukrainian folk song "Oi Ne Khody Hrytsiu Tai na Vechornytsi" (Oh Gregory, Don't Go to the Evening Dances) known in the West as "Yes, My Darling Daughter".

In literature

The legend of Marusia Churai was formed under the influence of 19th century literary works such as the novel "Marusia, Malorosiiskaia Sapfo" (Marusia, the Littlerussian Sappho) by C. Shakhnovsky (1839). Many writers used the theme of "Hryts" in their works: M. Starytsky's play "Oi Ne Khody, Hrytsiu" (1892), V. Samiylenko's drama "Churaivna" (1894), Olha Kobylianska's novel "V Nediliu Rano Zillia Kopala" (She Gathered Herbs on Sunday Morning 1909), I. Mykytenko's drama "Marusia Churai" (1935), L. Kostenko's novel in verse "Marusia Churai" (1979), and others.

Influence in music

The song "Oi Ne Khody Hrytsiu" was translated into Polish (1820), Czech (1822), German (1827), French (1830), English (1848) and other languages. However its melody is not of folk origin. It was first documented use was as an arietta from a vaudeville by a Venetian composer Catterino Cavos. The original English translation of the song "Oi Ne Khody Hrytsiu" was also made and performed in 2023 by Vol Deineko on finger-style guitar under the name "Don't Go to Party." The melody was used in Yes, My Darling Daughter, a 1941 song by Jack Lawrence.

Three other song texts that are ascribed to Marusia Churai: "Kotylysia Vozy z Hory" (The Wagons Were Rolling Downhill), "Viyut' Vitry" (Winds Are Blowing) and "Za Svit Staly Kozachenky" (The Kozaks Were Ready to March at Dawn). While the texts of these songs are of literary origin, their music is anonymous, from oral tradition. All the melodies that are attached to these texts date from the late 19th century. The text of the Ukrainian folk song "Oi ne khody Hrytsiu" was first published in English translation in London in 1816. A Polish translation first appeared in 1822 in Lviv and a German translation appeared in 1848. Evidence exists to the songs popularity in France (1830s), Czech, Slovak lands, Belgium and the United States where it equally well known was the song "Ikhav kozak za Dunai" (the Cossack rode beyond the Danube; music and words by Semen Klymovsky). {cn}

Marusia Churai was commemorated on a Ukrainian postage stamp in February 2000. {cn}

References

External linkis

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