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| {{Short description|Blood in circulatory system with round nucleus}} | |||
| {{For|the internet slang term "PBMC"|ProblemBetweenMonitorChair}} | |||
| {{Redirect|PBMC|the internet slang that expands to "problems between monitor and chair"|User error|the 2009 film|Paul Blart: Mall Cop}} | |||
| A '''peripheral blood mononuclear cell''' ('''PBMC''') is any ] having a round ].<ref>Delves, Peter, et al. Roitt's Essential Immunology, 11th Ed. {{ISBN|978-1-4051-3603-7}}</ref> These cells consist of ]s (]s, ]s, ]s) and ]s, whereas ]s and ]s have no nuclei, and ]s (]s, ]s, and ]s) have multi-lobed nuclei. In humans, lymphocytes make up the majority of the PBMC population, followed by monocytes, and only a small percentage of dendritic cells.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The impact of food bioactives on gut health : in vitro and ex vivo models|others=Verhoeckx, Kitty, 1970-, Cotter, Paul (Paul D.), European Cooperation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research (Organization)|isbn=9783319157917|location=Cham|oclc=908392100|date = 2015-05-19}}</ref> | |||
| {{mergeto|Agranulocyte|discuss=Talk:Agranulocyte|date=February 2010}} | |||
| A '''peripheral blood mononuclear cell''' ('''PBMC''') is any ] ] having a round nucleus<ref>Delves, Peter, et al. Roitt's Essential Immunology, 11th Ed. ISBN: 978-1-4051-3603-7</ref>. For example: a ], a ] or a ]. These blood cells are a critical component in the ] to fight infection and adapt to intruders. The lymphocyte population consists of T cells (CD4 and CD8 positive ~75%), B cells and NK cells (~25% combined). | |||
| These cells can be extracted from whole blood using ], a hydrophilic polysaccharide that separates layers of blood, and gradient centrifugation,<ref name="sang">{{cite web|url=http://technical.sanguinebio.com/types-of-immune-cells-present-in-human-pbmc/|title=Types of immune cells present in human PBMC|website=sanguinebio.com|last=Miyahira|first=Andrea|date=22 Nov 2012|access-date=23 Sep 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722080330/http://technical.sanguinebio.com/types-of-immune-cells-present-in-human-pbmc/|archive-date=22 July 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> which will separate the blood into a top layer of plasma, followed by a layer of PBMCs (buffy coat) and a bottom fraction of polymorphonuclear cells (such as neutrophils and eosinophils) and erythrocytes. The polymorphonuclear cells can be further isolated by lysing the red blood cells. Basophils are sometimes found in both the denser and the PBMC fractions.<ref name="sang"/> | |||
| These cells are often extracted from whole blood using ], a hydrophilic polysaccharide that separates layers of blood, with ] and ] forming a ] under a layer of plasma. This buffy coat contains the PBMCs. Additionally, PBMC can be extracted from whole blood using a hypotonic lysis which will preferentially lyse red blood cells. This method results in neutrophils and other polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells which are important in innate immune defence being obtained. | |||
| ==Clinical significance== | |||
| PBMCs are widely used in research and clinical uses every day. ] research uses them because PBMCs include CD4+ cells, which are the cells HIV infects. | |||
| ===Infections=== | |||
| Recent studies indicate that PBMCs may be susceptible to pathogenic infections,<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Contini C, Rotondo JC, Magagnoli F, Maritati M, Seraceni S, Graziano A | title = Investigation on silent bacterial infections in specimens from pregnant women affected by spontaneous miscarriage. | journal = J Cell Physiol | volume = 34| issue = 3 | pages = 433–440 | date = 2018 | pmid = 30078192 | doi =10.1002/jcp.26952| doi-access = free | hdl = 11392/2393176 | hdl-access = free }}</ref> such as '']'' and '']'', '']'' and '']'', and '']'' infections. PBMCs may be also susceptible to viral infections.<ref name="footprints">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tagliapietra A, Rotondo JC, Bononi I, Mazzoni E, Magagnoli F, Maritati M | title = Footprints of BK and JC polyomaviruses in specimens from females affected by spontaneous abortion. | journal = Hum Reprod | volume = 34| issue = 3 | pages = 433–440 | date = 2019 | pmid =30590693 | doi =10.1002/jcp.27490| hdl = 11392/2397717 | s2cid = 53106591 |url=https://academic.oup.com/humrep/article-abstract/34/3/433/5259177?redirectedFrom=fulltext | hdl-access = free }}</ref><ref name="assay">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tagliapietra A, Rotondo JC, Bononi I, Mazzoni E, Magagnoli F, Maritati M | title = Droplet-digital PCR assay to detect Merkel cell polyomavirus sequences in chorionic villi from spontaneous abortion affected females | journal = J Cell Physiol | volume = 235| issue = 3| pages = 1888–1894| date = 2019 | pmid = 31549405| doi =10.1002/jcp.29213| doi-access = free| hdl = 11392/2409453| hdl-access = free}}</ref> Indeed, footprints of ] and ] have been detected in PBMCs from pregnant women and women affected by spontaneous abortion.<ref name="footprints"/><ref name="assay"/> | |||
| ⚫ | == Research uses == | ||
| See also ]. | |||
| ⚫ | Many scientists conducting research in the fields of ] (including ] disorders), ], ], ] development, ], and ] are frequent users of PBMCs. In many cases, PBMCs are derived from ]. PBMC fraction also contains progenitor populations, as demonstrated by methylcellulose based colony forming assays. | ||
| PBMCs have been thought to be an important route of vaccination. PBMCs from cancer patients can be extracted and cultured ''in vitro''. Subsequently, PBMCs are challenged with ]s such as tumor stem cell antigen. Inflammatory cytokines are usually added to aid in antigen uptake and recognition by PBMCs. | |||
| ⚫ | == Research |
||
| ⚫ | Many scientists conducting research in the fields of ] (including ] disorders), |
||
| ⚫ | ==References== | ||
| ⚫ | <references/> | ||
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Pbmc}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Pbmc}} | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ⚫ | ==References== | ||
| ⚫ | <references/> | ||
| {{Cell-biology-stub}} | {{Cell-biology-stub}} | ||
| {{Immunology-stub}} | {{Immunology-stub}} | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 01:14, 26 November 2024
Blood in circulatory system with round nucleus "PBMC" redirects here. For the internet slang that expands to "problems between monitor and chair", see User error. For the 2009 film, see Paul Blart: Mall Cop.A peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) is any peripheral blood cell having a round nucleus. These cells consist of lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, NK cells) and monocytes, whereas erythrocytes and platelets have no nuclei, and granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils) have multi-lobed nuclei. In humans, lymphocytes make up the majority of the PBMC population, followed by monocytes, and only a small percentage of dendritic cells.
These cells can be extracted from whole blood using ficoll, a hydrophilic polysaccharide that separates layers of blood, and gradient centrifugation, which will separate the blood into a top layer of plasma, followed by a layer of PBMCs (buffy coat) and a bottom fraction of polymorphonuclear cells (such as neutrophils and eosinophils) and erythrocytes. The polymorphonuclear cells can be further isolated by lysing the red blood cells. Basophils are sometimes found in both the denser and the PBMC fractions.
Clinical significance
Infections
Recent studies indicate that PBMCs may be susceptible to pathogenic infections, such as Ureaplasma parvum and U. urealyticum, Mycoplasma genitalium and M. hominis, and Chlamydia trachomatis infections. PBMCs may be also susceptible to viral infections. Indeed, footprints of JC polyomavirus and Merkel cell polyomavirus have been detected in PBMCs from pregnant women and women affected by spontaneous abortion.
Research uses
Many scientists conducting research in the fields of immunology (including autoimmune disorders), infectious disease, hematological malignancies, vaccine development, transplant immunology, and high-throughput screening are frequent users of PBMCs. In many cases, PBMCs are derived from blood banks. PBMC fraction also contains progenitor populations, as demonstrated by methylcellulose based colony forming assays.
PBMCs have been thought to be an important route of vaccination. PBMCs from cancer patients can be extracted and cultured in vitro. Subsequently, PBMCs are challenged with tumor antigens such as tumor stem cell antigen. Inflammatory cytokines are usually added to aid in antigen uptake and recognition by PBMCs.
References
- Delves, Peter, et al. Roitt's Essential Immunology, 11th Ed. ISBN 978-1-4051-3603-7
- The impact of food bioactives on gut health : in vitro and ex vivo models. Verhoeckx, Kitty, 1970-, Cotter, Paul (Paul D.), European Cooperation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research (Organization). Cham. 2015-05-19. ISBN 9783319157917. OCLC 908392100.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Miyahira, Andrea (22 Nov 2012). "Types of immune cells present in human PBMC". sanguinebio.com. Archived from the original on 22 July 2016. Retrieved 23 Sep 2014.
- Contini C, Rotondo JC, Magagnoli F, Maritati M, Seraceni S, Graziano A (2018). "Investigation on silent bacterial infections in specimens from pregnant women affected by spontaneous miscarriage". J Cell Physiol. 34 (3): 433–440. doi:10.1002/jcp.26952. hdl:11392/2393176. PMID 30078192.
- ^ Tagliapietra A, Rotondo JC, Bononi I, Mazzoni E, Magagnoli F, Maritati M (2019). "Footprints of BK and JC polyomaviruses in specimens from females affected by spontaneous abortion". Hum Reprod. 34 (3): 433–440. doi:10.1002/jcp.27490. hdl:11392/2397717. PMID 30590693. S2CID 53106591.
- ^ Tagliapietra A, Rotondo JC, Bononi I, Mazzoni E, Magagnoli F, Maritati M (2019). "Droplet-digital PCR assay to detect Merkel cell polyomavirus sequences in chorionic villi from spontaneous abortion affected females". J Cell Physiol. 235 (3): 1888–1894. doi:10.1002/jcp.29213. hdl:11392/2409453. PMID 31549405.
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