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			{{Short description\|Armenian woodwind musical instrument}}
			{{pp-extended\|small=yes}}
	{{Infobox instrument		{{Infobox instrument
	\| name = Duduk		\| name = Duduk
			\| background = woodwind
	\| names = Ծիրանափող (Tsiranapogh), düdük, duduki, дудка
	\| image = ~~Duduk~~ ~~(landscape)~~.jpg		\| image = Doudouk armenien.jpg
	\| image_capt = A traditional duduk
	\| color = #FFEC8B
	\| classification = ] with ]		\| classification = ] with ]
			\| related = Closely related instruments include the ] (Turkey), ] (Azerbaijan, Iran), ] (Dagestan), ] (Georgia), Duduk (Armenia), ] (Japan), ] (Korea), ] (China), and ] (Kyrgyzstan),
	\| range = ]
			\| musicians = ], ], ], ], ]
	\| related =
	\| ~~musicians~~ = ], ], ]~~, ], Vache Sharafyan~~		\| builders = ], ], ]
	\| ~~builders~~ =		\| image_capt = Duduk
			\| sound sample = {{listen
	\| articles =
			\| embed = yes
			\| filename = SERGO.TEL - April - duduk-improvisation2.ogg
			\| title = Duduk music
			\| description = Melody performed with a duduk by SERGO.TEL.}}
	}}		}}
			{{Infobox intangible heritage
	]
			\| Image = Kids Playing duduk.jpg
			\| Caption = Armenian children playing the duduk
			\| ICH = Duduk and its music
			\| State Party = Armenia
			\| Domains = Performing arts (music)
			\| ID = 00092
			\| Region = ENA
			\| Year = 2008
			\| Session = 3rd
			\| List = Representative
			}}

			The '''duduk''' ({{IPAc-en\|d\|uː\|ˈ\|d\|uː\|k}} {{respell\|doo\|DOOK}}; {{langx\|hy\|դուդուկ}} {{IPA-hy\|duˈduk\|IPA}})<ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Journal of the American Musical Instrument Society\|date=2006\|volume=32\|page=183\|publisher=]\|quote=...the duduk (pronounced doo-dook)...\|title= The Duduk and National Identity in Armenia }}</ref> or '''tsiranapogh''' ({{langx\|hy\|ծիրանափող}}, meaning "apricot-made wind instrument"), is a ] ] made of ] wood originating from ].<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=McCollum\|first=Jonathan\|date=2016\|title=Duduk (i)\|url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-4002294080.\|journal=Grove Music Online\|doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.L2294963\|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref> {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509201603/https://books.google.com/books?id=gyiTOcnb2yYC&pg=PA335&dq=%22which+is+indigenous+to+Armenia,+and+its+sound+is%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi3nennwe7ZAhXIvrwKHfOXBvsQ6AEIJjAA \|date=2018-05-09 }}, World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East p.335</ref> Variations of the Armenian duduk appear throughout the ], the Balkans, and the Middle East, including ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref name="Stokes">{{cite book\|editor=Stokes, Jamie\|title=Peoples of Africa and the Middle East, Volume 1\|year=2008\|isbn=978-0-8160-7158-6\|page=\|publisher=Facts On File \|quote=One of the oldest indigenous Armenian instruments is the duduk, a woodwind instrument usually made from apricot wood, with a double reed.}}</ref><ref name="unesco 2003">{{cite web<!--\|title=Dialogue among civilizations. Caucasus-->\|title=Armenian duduk and other Armenian folk instruments\|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001393/139314m.pdf\|publisher=UNESCO\|date=June 2003\|access-date=16 March 2014\|page=32\|quote=Duduk is considered to be the most Armenian of all folk instruments for its Armenian origin and honest expression. It has a 1500 – year history and is native to Armenia, Bulgaria, Turkey, Georgia and Azerbaijan.}}</ref> Duduk, ], and ] are almost identical, except for historical and geographical differences.<ref name=Comp>{{Retrieved\|access-date=February 28, 2022}}</ref>

			It is commonly played in pairs: while the first player plays the melody, the second plays a steady drone called ''dum'', and the sound of the two instruments together creates a richer, more haunting sound. The unflattened reed and cylindrical body produce a sound closer to the ] than the ] or ]. Unlike other double reed instruments like the oboe or ], the duduk has a very large reed proportional to its size.

			] proclaimed the Armenian duduk and its music as a ] in 2005 and inscribed it in 2008.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Sounds of Armenian duduk\|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/venice/resources-services/multimedia/photo-stories/sounds-of-armenian-duduk/\|publisher=UNESCO\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316183627/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/venice/resources-services/multimedia/photo-stories/sounds-of-armenian-duduk/\|archive-date=16 March 2014\|date=November 2012\|quote=Duduk and its music were inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2008 (originally proclaimed in 2005). The duduk, or "dziranapogh" in Armenian, is a double-reed woodwind instrument made of apricot wood, conventionally called the "Armenian oboe".}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=Duduk and its music\|url=http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?RL=00092\|publisher=UNESCO\|access-date=16 March 2014\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316183455/http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?RL=00092\|archive-date=16 March 2014}}</ref> Duduk music has been used in a number of films, most notably in '']'' and '']''.

			==Etymology==
			There have been two published lines of thinking on the origins of the word.

			Both the Russian book ''Musical Instruments Encyclopedia'' (Музыкальные инструменты. Энциклопедия) and American book ''Musical Instruments, A Comprehensive Dictionary'' give an ultimate origin of the name as Persian, the word ''tutak''.<ref>{{cite dictionary \|entry= Duduk \|title=Musical Instruments, A Comprehensive Dictionary \|first= Sibyl \|last= Marcuse \|publisher= Doubleday \|place= Garden City, New York \|date= 1964 \|page=157\|url=https://archive.org/details/musicalinstrumen00marcus/page/156/mode/2up}}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|title=Музыкальные инструменты. Энциклопедия \|editor= Есипова М. В.\|date=2008 \|publisher=Дека-ВС \|location=] \|pages=207–209 \|chapter=Дудук (свистковая флейта и язычковый духовой инструмент) \|quote= }}</ref>

			In Armenia, the instrument is also known as ''tsiranapogh'' ({{ill\|ծիրանափող\|hy\|Դուդուկ\|vertical-align=sup}}).

			This instrument is not to be confused with the northwestern Bulgarian folk instrument of the same name (see below, ]). Similar instruments used in other parts of ] are the '']'' and '']''.
	The '''duduk''' is a traditional ] popular in the ], the ] and ].<ref name=Unesco> from the ]'s 2005 proclamation.</ref><ref name="Armenianweekly.com">{{cite web\|url=http://www.armenianweekly.com/2010/02/12/nothing-sounds-armenian-like-a-duduk/ \|title=Nothing Sounds Armenian Like a Duduk: ALMA Lecture \|publisher=Armenianweekly.com \|date=2010-02-12 \|accessdate=2010-02-22}}</ref><ref>Farmer, H.G. "Mizmār." ], 2nd Ed., v. 7. P. Bearman et al. (eds.) Leiden: Brill, 1993, p. 209.</ref><ref name=heqt>"." ''Hetq''.</ref> The English word is often used generically for a family of ethnic instruments including the ''doudouk''<!--SPELLING FROM PETER GABRIEL PASSION'S LINER NOTES AS WELL AS FROM ARMENIAN WEBSITE STEPANYAN.COM--> or ''duduk'' ({{lang\|hy\|]}}) (also ''tsiranapogh'' ({{lang\|hy\|]}}, literally "] horn") in ], the ''düdük'' or '']'' in ], the ''duduki'' in ], the ''balaban'' (or düdük) in ]<ref>Albright, Ch. "." ].</ref>, the ''narmeh-ney'' in ], the ''duduka'' or ''dudka'' in ] and ]. The word itself is ultimately derived from ] "düdük",<ref name=GSE>{{ru icon}} "." ].</ref><ref></ref> likely of ] origin. The word ''dudka'' in Slavic languages is a diminutive of ''duda'' and is of native ]<ref> in М. Фасмер (1986), ''Этимологический Словарь Русского Языка'' (Москва: Прогресс), 2-е изд. — Перевод с немецкого и дополнения О.Н. Трубачёва</ref> origin.

	==Overview==		==Overview==
			]
	]
			]

			The duduk is a ] instrument with ancient origins, having existed since at least the fifth century, while there are Armenian scholars who believe it existed more than 1,500 years before that.<ref>{{cite book\|editor=Broughton, Simon \|editor2=Ellingham, Mark \|editor3=Trillo, Richard\|year=1999\|title=World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East\|page=\|isbn=9781858286358\|url-access=registration\|url=https://archive.org/details/roughguidetoworl00simo/page/334}}</ref> The earliest instruments similar to the duduk's present form are made of bone or entirely of cane. Today, the duduk is exclusively made of wood with a large double reed, with the body made from aged ] wood.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, and Africa: An Encyclopedia\|date=2012\|publisher=]\|location=Thousand Oaks, California\|isbn=9781412981767\|page=\|editor1=Andrea L. Stanton \|editor2=Edward Ramsamy \|editor3=Peter J. Seybolt }}</ref>
	The duduk is a ] instrument which has ancient origins, said to be from 1500 to 3000 years old.{{Citation needed\|date=July 2010}} The earliest instruments similar to the duduk's present form are made of bone or entirely of cane. Today the duduk is exclusively made of wood with a large double reed. Armenian duduks are mainly made from aged ] wood, although other regional varieties use other materials (mulberry, etc.). In Armenian the instrument is called "tsiranapogh" or "apricot pipe".<ref></ref> The particular tuning depends heavily on the region which it is played. In the twentieth century the Armenian duduk began to be standardized ] in scale and single-] in range. Accidentals, or ] are achieved using fingering techniques. The instrument's body also has different lengths depending upon the range of the instrument and region. The ] (Armenian: ], ''eġegn''), is made from one or two pieces of cane in a duck-bill type assembly. Unlike other double-reed instruments, the reed is quite wide, helping to give the duduk both its unique, mournful sound, as well as its remarkable breath requirements. The duduk player is called ''dudukahar'' (դուդուկահար) in Armenian.

			The particular tuning depends heavily on the region in which it is played. An eight-hole duduk (not counting the thumb hole on the lower side) can play ten successive notes of a ] with simple fingering, or sixteen consecutive notes of a ] by half-covering holes. For example, an A duduk can play all the notes from F♯ to the A more than an octave higher.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Duduk Fingering Chart \|url=https://www.armenianduduk.am/fingering-chart-for-duduk.html \|publisher=ArmenianDuduk.am}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=HOW TO PLAY DUDUK 3: Playing a scale \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qbq5CoTpYKI \|website=YouTube \| date=3 February 2014 \|publisher=DudukLessons.com}}</ref> (Another reference gives different information.<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Dr John Vartan \|title=Armenian Duduk An Instructional Book For Beginners \|url=http://www.johnvartan.com/DudukInstructions_JohnVartan.pdf \|publisher=American Recording Productions \|date=2000}}</ref>) By using the lips to "bend" notes and partially covering holes any pitch in this range can be produced, as required for Oriental music.<ref>{{cite web \|last1=David Brown \|title=The Duduk & Mey: History, Info and Set-Up \|url=https://larkinthemorning.com/blogs/articles/the-duduk-mey-history-info-and-set-up \|website=Lark in the morning\|date=27 April 2017 }}</ref> The instrument's body has different lengths depending upon the range of the instrument and region. The ] (Armenian: ], ''eġegn''), is made from one or two pieces of cane in a duck-bill type assembly. Unlike other double-reed instruments, the reed is quite wide, helping to give the duduk both its unique, mournful sound, as well as its remarkable breathing requirements. The duduk player is called ''dudukahar'' (]) in Armenian.
	==History==
	The duduk is one of the oldest double reed instruments in the world and dates back over 3,000 years to Ancient Armenia.{{Citation needed\|date=July 2010}} Variants of the duduk can be found in ] and the ]. The roots of Armenian duduk music date to the reign of the Armenian king ] (r. 95–55 B.C.).<ref>. ]. Accessed February 8, 2010.</ref> The instrument is depicted in numerous Armenian manuscripts of the Middle Ages.<ref></ref> According to ethnomusicologist Dr. Jonathan McCollum:

			The performers use air stored in their cheeks to keep playing the instrument while they inhale air into their lungs. This ] technique is commonly used with all the double-reed instruments in the Middle East.<ref name="Iranica">{{cite web\|last=Albright\|first=Ch.\|title=BĀLĀBĀN\|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/balaban-a-cylindrical-bore-double-reed-wind-instrument-about-35-cm-long-with-seven-finger-holes-and-one-thumb-hole-play\|publisher=]\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316214716/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/balaban-a-cylindrical-bore-double-reed-wind-instrument-about-35-cm-long-with-seven-finger-holes-and-one-thumb-hole-play\|archive-date=16 March 2014\|date=15 December 1988}}</ref>
	{{bquote\| It is actually the only truly Armenian instrument that’s survived through history, and as such is a symbol of Armenian national identity. The most important quality of the duduk is its ability to express the language dialectic and mood of the Armenian language, which is often the most challenging quality to a duduk player.<ref name="Armenianweekly.com"/>}}

			Duduk "is invariably played with the accompaniment of a second ''dum duduk'', which gives the music an energy and tonic atmosphere, changing the scale harmoniously with the principal duduk."<ref name=dudukweb>{{cite web \|url=http://www.ethnicinstruments.co.uk/about.html \|title=WWW.DUDUK.CO.UK - Professional Armenian Duduks, Zurnas, Ghamish by Master Arthur Grigoryan \|access-date=2006-02-20 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060304100023/http://www.ethnicinstruments.co.uk/about.html \|archive-date=2006-03-04 }} Duduk Info at Ethnicinstruments.co.uk</ref>
	==Balkan duduk==
	While the term duduk mostly refers to a ] instrument, it sometimes also refers to a kind of blocked-end flute, which in Bulgaria and a part of Macedonia is also called ] or kavalče. Made of maple or other wood, it comes in two sizes: 700–780 mm and 240–400 mm (duduce). The blocked end is flat. Playing the duduk is fairly straightforward and easy, thus it is widely used throughout Macedonia. Its sound is clean and pleasant.

	==~~Film music~~==		==History==
			Armenian musicologists cite evidence of the duduk's use as early as 1200 BC, though Western scholars suggest it is 1,500 years old.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/gasparyan-djivan\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628233103/http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3428400203.html\|url-status=dead\|title=Gasparyan, Djivan \| Encyclopedia.com\|archive-date=June 28, 2011\|website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?\|date=July 2019}} Variants of the duduk can be found in ] and the ]. The history of the Armenian duduk music is dated to the reign of the Armenian king ], who reigned from 95 to 55 B.C.<ref>"The roots of Armenian duduk music go back to the times of the Armenian king Tigran the Great (95-55 BC)": " {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316183455/http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?RL=00092 \|date=2014-03-16 }}. ]. Accessed February 8, 2010.</ref> According to ethnomusicologist Dr. ], the instrument is depicted in numerous Armenian manuscripts of the Middle Ages, and is "actually the only truly Armenian instrument that's survived through history, and as such is a symbol of Armenian national identity ... The most important quality of the duduk is its ability to express the language dialectic and mood of the Armenian language, which is often the most challenging quality to a duduk player."<ref>{{cite news\|last=Turpin\|first=Andy\|title=Nothing Sounds Armenian Like a Duduk: ALMA Lecture\|url=http://www.armenianweekly.com/2010/02/12/nothing-sounds-armenian-like-a-duduk/\|access-date=16 March 2014\|newspaper=]\|date=12 February 2010\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312141743/http://www.armenianweekly.com/2010/02/12/nothing-sounds-armenian-like-a-duduk/\|archive-date=12 March 2012}}</ref>
	The sound of the duduk, if not the instrument itself, has become known to a large audience through its use in popular film soundtracks. Starting with ]'s score for ]'s '']'', the duduk's archaic and mournful sound has been employed in a variety of genres to depict such moods. Djivan Gasparian played the duduk in '']'', '']'', and '']'', among others<ref></ref>. The duduk has also been used in '']'', '']'' and even in ], like '']'' and '']'' TV series.<ref></ref>

			==Balkan duduk==
	== In popular culture ==
			While "duduk" most commonly refers to the ] instrument described on this page, there is a very similar instrument played in northwestern Bulgaria. This is a blocked-end flute known as a ], resembling the Serbian ], or kavalče in a part of Macedonia,<ref> {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060525162713/http://macedoniadirect.com/instruments/supelki.htm \|date=2006-05-25 }}</ref> and as duduk in northwest Bulgaria.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://horo.bg/index.php?menunode=2&show=material&materialid=259 \|title=Дудук : Horo.bg - българският сайт за народни хора, песни, танци, обичаи, фолклор \|publisher=Horo.bg \|access-date=2013-09-22 \|language=bg \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927233800/http://horo.bg/index.php?menunode=2&show=material&materialid=259 \|archive-date=2013-09-27 }}</ref><ref>For a detailed description of the instrument (in Bulgarian), see {{cite web \|url=http://www.bgjourney.com/Bit%20t%20Kultura/Old%20gloss/Old%20gloss%20Du.html \|title=Бит и култура \| Речник на остарели, редки, чуждици и диалектни думи ДЛ-ДУ \|access-date=2012-03-04 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216024758/http://www.bgjourney.com/Bit%20t%20Kultura/Old%20gloss/Old%20gloss%20Du.html \|archive-date=2012-02-16 }}</ref> Made of maple or other wood, it comes in two sizes: {{convert\|700\|-\|780\|mm}} and {{convert\|240\|-\|400\|mm}} (duduce). The blocked end is flat.
	The ] entry from Armenia "]", which finished 7th in the final, featured the duduk played by ].

			==In popular culture==
	]
			{{more citations needed\|date=March 2014}}
			The sound of the duduk has become known to wider audiences through its use in popular film soundtracks. Starting with ]'s score for ]'s '']'', the duduk's archaic and mournful sound has been employed in a variety of genres to depict such moods. Djivan Gasparyan played the duduk in '']'', '']'', and '']'', among others.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0309222/\|title=Jivan Gasparyan\|website=IMDb\|access-date=9 May 2018\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216105914/http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0309222/\|archive-date=16 February 2017}}</ref>{{unreliable source?\|date=April 2020}} It was also used extensively in '']''.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.bearmccreary.com/blog/?p=42\|title=Bear McCreary – Official site\|website=www.bearmccreary.com\|date=28 September 2006 \|access-date=9 May 2018\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928023715/http://www.bearmccreary.com/blog/?p=42\|archive-date=28 September 2011}}</ref> In the TV series '']'', its computer-altered sound was given to the fictitious ''Tsungi horn'', most notably played by Iroh and often being featured in the show's soundtrack. With many of the members who worked on ] now working on '']'', the duduk regularly appears in its soundtrack as well. The sound of the duduk was also used in '']'' for a lullaby which Mr. Tumnus plays on a fictitious double flute and in the theme song of the Dothraki clan during the TV adaptation '']''.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.monstersandcritics.com/soundtracks/news/article_9955.php/Harry_Gregson-Williams_Talks_Narnia_&_Narnian_Lullaby_Clip\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120721212529/http://www.monstersandcritics.com/soundtracks/news/article_9955.php/Harry_Gregson-Williams_Talks_Narnia_%26_Narnian_Lullaby_Clip\|url-status=dead\|title=Harry Gregson-Williams Talks Narnia & Narnian Lullaby Clip\|archive-date=July 21, 2012}}</ref><ref> {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101104943/http://www.dw.com/en/no-flutes-allowed-composer-ramin-djawadi-on-the-music-of-game-of-thrones/a-19201563 \|date=2016-11-01 }}, '']''</ref>

			Armenia's entry in the ], "]," featured Armenian musician ] playing the duduk.
	;Movie soundtracks
	* '''Ararat''' by Michael Danna<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.filmtracks.com/titles/ararat.html \|title=Ararat \|publisher=Filmtracks.com \|date=2002-11-05 \|accessdate=2010-02-15}}</ref>
	* '''Bedtimes Stories''' by Rupert Gregson-Williams<ref name="chrisbleth1">{{cite web\|url=http://www.chrisbleth.com/credits.html \|title=Chris Bleth Movie Credits \|publisher=Chrisbleth.com \|date= \|accessdate=2010-02-15}}</ref>
	* '''Chronicles of Narnia''' by Harry Gregson-Williams, in the track ''A Narnia Lullaby''.<ref>{{cite web\|author=Other reviews by Mike Brennan \|url=http://www.soundtrack.net/albums/database/?id=3943 \|title=soundtrack.net \|publisher=soundtrack.net \|date=2005-12-02 \|accessdate=2010-02-15}}</ref>
	* '''Constantine''' by Brian Tyler, Klaus Badelt, in the track ''Circle of Hell''
	* ] by Graeme Revell featuring the duduk player Djivan Gasparyan
	* '''Don't mess with the Zohan''' by Rupert Gregson-Williams<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
	* '''Elektra''' by Christophe Beck<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
	* ] by Djivan Gasparyan in the track ''Duduk of the North''<ref></ref>
	* '''Hulk (2003)''' by Danny Elfman<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.filmtracks.com/titles/hulk.html \|title=Hulk (Danny Elfman) \|publisher=Filmtracks.com \|date=2003-06-17 \|accessdate=2010-02-15}}</ref>
	* '''Munich''' by John Williams
	* '''Mayrig''' by Omar Al Shariff
	* '''Next''' by Mark Isham<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
	* '''Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End''' by Hans Zimmer<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
	* '''Ronin (film)''' by ]
	* '''The Island''' by Steve Jablonsky<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
	* '''The Kite Runner''' by Alberto Iglesias<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
	* ] by Peter Gabriel
	* '''The Pact of Wolves''' by Joseph Loduca
	* '''Vantage Point''' by Atli Orvarsson<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
	* '''Wanted''' by Danny Elfman<ref name="chrisbleth1" />

			===Film soundtracks===
	<!--spacing-->
			The duduk has been used in a number of films, especially "to denote otherworldliness, loneliness, and mourning or to supply a Middle Eastern/Central Asian atmosphere".<ref>{{cite book\|first=Eric\|last=Hung\|title=Buffy, Ballads, and Bad Guys Who Sing: Music in the Worlds of Joss Whedon\|date=2011\|publisher=]\|location=Lanham, Maryland\|isbn=9780810877658\|page=\|editor=Leonard, Kendra Preston\|editor-link=Kendra Preston Leonard}}</ref>
			* ] by ]
			* ] by ], in the track ''Shutting Down Grace's Lab''
			* ] (Bab'Aziz: The Prince Who Contemplated His Soul), 2005 by ]
			* ] by ]<ref name="chrisbleth1">{{cite web\|url=http://www.chrisbleth.com/credits.html \|title=Chris Bleth Movie Credits\|publisher=Chrisbleth.com\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316212705/http://www.chrisbleth.com/credits.html\|archive-date=16 March 2014}}</ref>
			* ] by ]
			* ] by ]
			* ] by ], ], in the track ''Circle of Hell''
			* ] by ] featuring the duduk player ]
			* ] by ]
			* ] by ]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
			* ] by ] in the track ''Duduk of the North''<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.tracksounds.com/reviews/gladiator.htm\|title=Gladiator (Soundtrack) by Hans Zimmer and Lisa Gerrard\|website=www.tracksounds.com\|access-date=9 May 2018\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060620054815/http://www.tracksounds.com/reviews/gladiator.htm\|archive-date=20 June 2006}}</ref>
			* ] main theme music<ref name=rwanda>"Hotel Rwanda Film Music"{{cite web \|url=http://www.musicweb-international.com/film/2006/apr06/hotelrwanda.html \|title=Hotel Rwanda: Rupert Gregson-Williams, Andrea Guerra: Film Music on the Web CD Reviews April 2006 \|access-date=2011-09-20 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129182649/http://www.musicweb-international.com/film/2006/apr06/hotelrwanda.html \|archive-date=2011-11-29 }}</ref>
			* '']'' (2003) duduk by ] by ]<ref>{{cite web\|title=Hulk Editorial Review\|url=http://www.filmtracks.com/titles/hulk.html\|publisher=Filmtracks\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030722044336/http://www.filmtracks.com/titles/hulk.html \|archive-date=22 July 2003 \|date=8 June 2003}}</ref>
			* '']'' (2005) by ]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
			* '']'' (2007) by ]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
			* '']'' (1988) by ], featuring the duduk player ]
			* '']'' (2005) by ], in the track ''A Narnia Lullaby''<ref>{{cite web\|last=Brennan\|first=Mike\|title=The Chronicles of Narnia Review\|url=http://www.soundtrack.net/album/the-chronicles-of-narnia-the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316214922/http://www.soundtrack.net/album/the-chronicles-of-narnia-the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe/\|archive-date=16 March 2014\|date=2 December 2005\|quote=These include the use of the duduk as Mr. Tumnus' pipe in "A Narnia Lullaby"...}}</ref>
			* '']'' duduk by ] (2005) by ]
			* '']'' (1991) by Omar Al Sharif
			* '']'' (2007) by ]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
			* '']'' (2004) by ], composer ] duduks by ] and ]
			* '']'' (2007) by ]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
			* ''] '' (2007) by ] and Mark Kilian, duduk by ]
			* '']'' (1998) by ], duduk by ]
			* ''] '' (2005) by ], duduks by ] and ]
			* '']'' (1990) by ]
			* ''] '' (1998) by ], in the track ''Torture''
			* '']'' (2008) by ]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
			* '']'' (2008) by ]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
			* '']'' (2003) by ]<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2003/10/23/stories/2003102301100200.htm\|title=inese rhapsody\|access-date=2003-10-23\|author=Savita Gautham\|work=]\|url-status=usurped\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040225084151/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2003/10/23/stories/2003102301100200.htm\|archive-date=2004-02-25}}</ref>
			* '']'' (2008) by ]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
			* ''Beasts in Our Time'' and ''Under The Eye Of The Sun'' played by ] on ]'s album ''At The Edge Of Light''
			* '']'' (2018) by ], duduk by ]
			* ] (2021) by ], duduk by ]<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://moviemusicuk.us/2024/03/08/dune-part-two-hans-zimmer/\|website=]\|title=How Hans Zimmer Conjured the Otherworldly Sounds of 'Dune' \|date=22 October 2021 \|last1=King \|first1=Darryn }}</ref>
			* '']'' (2024) by ], duduk by ]<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/22/movies/hans-zimmer-dune.html\|website=Movie Music UK\|title=DUNE, PART TWO – Hans Zimmer \| MOVIE MUSIC UK \|date= 8 March 2024\|last1=Broxton \|first1=Jonathan}}</ref>

			] in ], Armenia, 1997.]]
	;Television soundtracks
			], ].]]
	* '''Angel''' by Rob Kral<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
	* '''Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)''' by Bear McCreary. Its tracks ''Two Funerals'', ''Starbuck on the Red Moon'', ''Escape from the Farm'', ''Colonial Anthem'', ''Black Market'', ''Something Dark is Coming'', ''Martial Law'', ''Prelude to War'' feature the Armenian duduk.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.bearmccreary.com/blog/?p=42 \|title=Instruments of Battlestar Galactica: Duduk \|publisher=Bearmccreary.com \|date=2006-09-28 \|accessdate=2010-02-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|last=Runner \|first=Blade \|url=http://galactica-station.blogspot.com/2006/10/duduk-instrument-that-makes-hollywood.html \|title=Duduk: The Instrument That Makes Hollywood Cry \|publisher=Galactica-station.blogspot.com \|date=2004-02-26 \|accessdate=2010-02-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.musicweb-international.com/film/2006/dec06/bsg_s2.html \|title=Battlestar Galactica: Season Two \|publisher=Musicweb-international.com \|date= \|accessdate=2010-02-15}}</ref> Roslin's theme was set to lyrics a second time for the third season premiere "Occupation", this time in Armenian.
	* '''Buffy the Vampire Slayer''' by Christophe Beck, Tomas Wanker, Rob Dunkin, Douglas Stevens<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
	* '''Castle''' by Robert Duncan<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
	* '''Children of Dune''' by Brian Tyler in the tracks ''Dune Messiah'', ''The Throne of Alia'', ''The Preacher At Arrakeen'', ''Farewell''<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.cinemusic.net/2008/12/27/children-of-dune/ \|title=Children of Dune \|publisher=Cinemusic.net \|date= \|accessdate=2010-02-15}}</ref>
	* '''CIS: New-York''' by Bill Brown<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
	* '''Firefly''' by Greg Edmonson<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
	* '''Jag''' by Steve Bramson<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
	* '''Over There''' by Ed Rogers<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
	* '''Path to 9/11''' by John Cameron<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
	* '''Spartacus''' by Randy Miller. Track ''Second Thought''
	* '''Star Trek Enterprise''' by Paul Baillargeon<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
	* '''The Mummy Who Would Be King''' by Gil Talmi, Andrew Gross<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
	* '''The Pacific''' by Blake Neely and Geoff Zanelli<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
	* '''The Shield''' features the armenian song ''Hayots Aghoonak'' by Seda Garibyan
	* '''Xena: Warrior Princess''' by Joseph Loduca

			===Television soundtracks===
	<!--spacing-->
			* '']'' by Rob Kral<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
			* '']'' by ] features the instrument in a recurring motif associated with the character of ], most notably in the tracks "Iroh's Tsungi Horn" and "The Blue Spirit"
			* '']'' (2004 TV series) by ]. Its tracks "Two Funerals", "Starbuck on the Red Moon", "Escape from the Farm", "Colonial Anthem, "Black Market", "Something Dark is Coming", "Martial Law", "Prelude to War" feature the duduk.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.bearmccreary.com/blog/?p=42 \|title=Instruments of Battlestar Galactica: Duduk \|publisher=Bearmccreary.com \|date=2006-09-28 \|access-date=2010-02-15 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531173154/http://www.bearmccreary.com/blog/?p=42 \|archive-date=2010-05-31 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|last=Runner \|first=Blade \|url=http://galactica-station.blogspot.com/2006/10/duduk-instrument-that-makes-hollywood.html \|title=Duduk: The Instrument That Makes Hollywood Cry \|publisher=Galactica-station.blogspot.com \|date=2004-02-26 \|access-date=2010-02-15 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708040055/http://galactica-station.blogspot.com/2006/10/duduk-instrument-that-makes-hollywood.html \|archive-date=2011-07-08 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.musicweb-international.com/film/2006/dec06/bsg_s2.html \|title=Battlestar Galactica: Season Two \|publisher=Musicweb-international.com \|access-date=2010-02-15 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111014182512/http://www.musicweb-international.com/film/2006/dec06/bsg_s2.html \|archive-date=2011-10-14 }}</ref> Roslin's theme was set to lyrics a second time for the third-season premiere "Occupation", this time in Armenian.
			* '']'' by ], Tomas Wanker, Rob Dunkin, ]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
			* '']'' by ]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
			* '']'' by Brian Tyler in the tracks "Dune Messiah", "The Throne of Alia", "The Preacher At Arrakeen", "Farewell"<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.cinemusic.net/2008/12/27/children-of-dune/ \|title=Children of Dune \|publisher=Cinemusic.net \|access-date=2010-02-15 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091115103911/http://www.cinemusic.net/2008/12/27/children-of-dune/ \|archive-date=November 15, 2009 }}</ref>
			* '']'' by ]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
			* ''CSI: New York'' by ]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
			* '']'' by ]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
			* '']'' by ] features the instrument in ]'s theme<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/game-thrones-composer-ramin-djawadi-437085 \|title='Game of Thrones' Composer Ramin Djawadi: 'I'm Just Trying to Create Something Magical' (Q&A) \|date=15 April 2013 \|publisher=The Hollywood Reporter \|access-date=2013-12-27 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225155807/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/game-thrones-composer-ramin-djawadi-437085 \|archive-date=2013-12-25 }}</ref>
			* '']'' by Steve Bramson<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
			* ''The Mummy Who Would Be King'' by Gil Talmi, ]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
			* '']'' by ]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
			* '']'' by ] and ]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
			* '']'' by ]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
			* '']'' by ]<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.soundtrack.net/content/article/?id=201\|title=Jeff Beal - Interview\|website=www.soundtrack.net\|access-date=9 May 2018\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509201620/https://www.soundtrack.net/content/article/?id=201\|archive-date=9 May 2018}}</ref>
			*'']'' by ]<ref>{{Cite web\|title=The Role of Orchestration and Instrumentation in The Dragon Prince: Piano and Death\|url=https://www.maxgluo.com/music/2020/8/30/the-role-of-orchestration-and-instrumentation-in-the-dragon-prince-piano-and-death\|access-date=2021-01-11\|website=Max Luo\|language=en-US}}</ref>
			* '']'' by ]. Track ''Second Thought''
			* '']'' by ]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
			* '']'' by Wayne Sharpe
			* '']'' by Joseph Loduca
			* '']'' by Bear McCreary features this instrument in settings of the Númenor theme.
			* '']''
			* '']'' by ] features the instrument in a recurring motif associated with the character of Gaal Dornick.

	;Video game scores		===Video game scores===
			* ''Shards of the Exodar'' in '']'' by Derek Duke, Glenn Stafford and ]
	* '''Dark Void''' by Bear McCreary<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
			* ''Dalaran'' in '']'' by Derek Duke, Glenn Stafford and ]
	* '''Myst IV: Revelation''' by Jack Wall<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
			* ''Orsis'' in '']: League of Explorers''
	* '''Prince of Persia: The Two Thrones''' by Inon Zur<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
			* '']'' by Michael Curran<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.michaelcurran.net/Civ5in.html \|title=Civ5in \|publisher=Michaelcurran.net \|access-date=2013-09-22 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927110647/http://www.michaelcurran.net/Civ5in.html \|archive-date=2013-09-27 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://issuu.com/knorr/docs/caesarwar \|title=Rome - Augustus Caesar War - "Ancient Roman Melody Fragments" by Geoff Knorr \|publisher=ISSUU \|access-date=2013-09-22 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150422020718/http://issuu.com/knorr/docs/caesarwar \|archive-date=2015-04-22 }}</ref>
	* '''Uncharted 2''' by Greg Edmonson<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
			* '']'' by ] and Jeremy Garren
			* '']'' by ]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
			* '']'' by Jason Hayes
			* '']'' by ]
			* '']'' by ]
			* '']'' by ]<ref>{{cite web \|last=Bloodworth \|first=Daniel \|url=http://www.gametrailers.com/side-mission/2012/04/09/backtrack-composing-mass-effect-jack-wall-interview-part-1/ \|title=BackTrack: Composing Mass Effect – Jack Wall Interview, Part 1 \| Side Mission \|publisher=GameTrailers \|date=2012-04-09 \|access-date=2013-09-22 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605000103/http://www.gametrailers.com/side-mission/2012/04/09/backtrack-composing-mass-effect-jack-wall-interview-part-1/ \|archive-date=2012-06-05 }}</ref>
			* '']'' by ]
			* '']'' by ]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
			* '']'' by ] in the track ''Oriental Spirit''
			* '']'' by ]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
			* '']'' by ]<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
			* ''Croft Manor Theme'' in '']'' by ]
			* '']'' (2011) by ] in the track ''Tundra''
			* '']'' by Richard Beddow
			* '']''
			* '']'' by Oleksii Omelchuk
			* '']'' by Kenji Hiramatsu in both ''Day'' and ''Night'' versions of the track ''Eagus Wilderness''
			* '']'' in the movements for ''Ares Island'' by Tomoya Ohtani (duduk performed by Tarumi Yasutaka)<ref>{{Cite AV media notes \|title=Sonic Frontiers Original Soundtrack Stillness & Motion \|first=Tomoya \|last=Ohtani \|date=7 December 2022 \|page=11-12 \|type=booklet \|publisher=Wave Master Entertainment \|id=WWCE-31540~5 \|location=Tokyo, Japan}}</ref>

			===Popular music===
	<!--spacing-->

			*"Come Talk to Me" by ] (from the 1992 album '']'')
	;Anime soundtracks
			*"Zachem Ya" by ] (from the 2001 album '']'')
	* '''Tales from Earthsea''' by Gedo Senki, in the tracks ''The Trip'', ''The Spider'' and ''Violent Robbery/The Seduction of the Undead''.<ref>{{cite web\|author=Benoit Basirico \|url=http://www.cinezik.org/critiques/affcritique.php?titre=contes_terremer \|title=Gedo Senki (Les Contes de Terremer) \|publisher=Cinezik.org \|date=2005-11-14 \|accessdate=2010-02-15}}</ref>
			*"Prelude & Nostalgia" by ] (from the 1997 album '']'')
			*"Prelude & Nostalgia" by ] (from the 2006 album '']'')
			*"Science" and "Arto" (Hidden Track) by ] (from the 2001 album '']'')
			*"]" (2005) and "]" (2018) by ]
			*"All That I Am" by ] (from the 2006 album '']'')
			*"Touching the Void" by Soulfly (from the 2008 album '']'')
			*"]" by ] (from the 2008 ] Armenian entry)
			*"]" by ] (2015)
			*"Soulfly X" by ] (from the 2015 album '']'')
			*"Model Village" by ] (from the 2016 album '']'')
			*"Come Along" by ] (from the 2017 album "The Much Much How How and I", and featured in advertisements for Apple's ] in the UK, USA, and Canada)
			*"Meeting" album by A.G.A. Trio with Arsen Petrosyan on Duduk (2020 by ])

			===Anime soundtracks===
			* '']'' by ], in the track "Sho's Song - Instrumental Version"
			* '']'' by Tamiya Terashima, in the tracks "The Trip", "The Spider" and "Violent Robbery/The Seduction of the Undead".<ref>{{cite web \|author=Benoit Basirico \|url=http://www.cinezik.org/critiques/affcritique.php?titre=contes_terremer \|title=Gedo Senki (Les Contes de Terremer) \|publisher=Cinezik.org \|date=2005-11-14 \|access-date=2010-02-15 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501152605/http://www.cinezik.org/critiques/affcritique.php?titre=contes_terremer \|archive-date=2009-05-01 }}</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==
	{{col~~-begin}}{{col-break~~}}		{{div col\|colwidth=22em}}
	* ]{{nb10}}
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
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	* ]		* ]
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	* ]		* ]
			* ]
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			* ]
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	==~~Notes~~==		==References==
	{{Reflist\|2}}		{{Reflist}}

	==~~External~~ ~~links~~==		==Further reading==
			{{Commons category}}
	*
			*{{cite book\|last=Nercessian\|first=Andy\|title=The Duduk and National Identity in Armenia\|date=2001\|publisher=]\|isbn=9781461672722}}
	*
	*
	*
	*
	*
	*
	*
	*
	* - Duduk news, articles, teachers, artists, fingering charts etc.
	*
	* - Information and tips on playing and caring for a duduk.
	* - Video interview with Djivan Gasparyan
	* - Hetq Online
	*
	*
	*
	*
	* {{ru icon}}

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	{{Doublereed}}

	{{Iranian musical instruments}}
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			*
			*
			*
			* , including Duduk Forum
			*
			* , including duduk scores

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			{{Double reed}}
			{{Armenian musical instruments}}
			{{Musical instruments of Georgia (country)}}
			{{UNESCO Oral and Intangible music}}
			{{Intangible Cultural Heritage in Armenia}}
			{{Authority control}}

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Latest revision as of 04:26, 11 January 2025

Armenian woodwind musical instrument

Duduk
Woodwind instrument
Duduk
Classification	Wind instrument with double reed
Related instruments
Closely related instruments include the Mey (Turkey), Balaban (Azerbaijan, Iran), Yasti Balaban (Dagestan), Duduki (Georgia), Duduk (Armenia), Hichiriki (Japan), Piri (Korea), Guanzi (China), and Kamis Sirnay (Kyrgyzstan),
Musicians
Djivan Gasparyan, Gevorg Dabaghyan, Vache Hovsepyan, Levon Minassian, Pedro Eustache
Builders
Karlen Matevosyan, Arthur Grigoryan, Hovsep Grigoryan
Sound sample
Duduk music Melody performed with a duduk by SERGO.TEL.

Duduk and its music
UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage
Armenian children playing the duduk
Country	Armenia
Domains	Performing arts (music)
Reference	00092
Region	Europe and North America
Inscription history
Inscription	2008 (3rd session)
List	Representative

The duduk (/duːˈduːk/ doo-DOOK; Armenian: դուդուկ IPA: [duˈduk]) or tsiranapogh (Armenian: ծիրանափող, meaning "apricot-made wind instrument"), is a double reed woodwind instrument made of apricot wood originating from Armenia. Variations of the Armenian duduk appear throughout the Caucasus, the Balkans, and the Middle East, including Bulgaria, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kurdistan, Turkey, and Iran. Duduk, Balaban, and Mey are almost identical, except for historical and geographical differences.

It is commonly played in pairs: while the first player plays the melody, the second plays a steady drone called dum, and the sound of the two instruments together creates a richer, more haunting sound. The unflattened reed and cylindrical body produce a sound closer to the English horn than the oboe or bassoon. Unlike other double reed instruments like the oboe or shawm, the duduk has a very large reed proportional to its size.

UNESCO proclaimed the Armenian duduk and its music as a Masterpiece of the Intangible Heritage of Humanity in 2005 and inscribed it in 2008. Duduk music has been used in a number of films, most notably in The Russia House and Gladiator.

Etymology

There have been two published lines of thinking on the origins of the word.

Both the Russian book Musical Instruments Encyclopedia (Музыкальные инструменты. Энциклопедия) and American book Musical Instruments, A Comprehensive Dictionary give an ultimate origin of the name as Persian, the word tutak.

In Armenia, the instrument is also known as tsiranapogh (ծիրանափող).

This instrument is not to be confused with the northwestern Bulgarian folk instrument of the same name (see below, Balkan duduk). Similar instruments used in other parts of Western Asia are the mey and balaban.

Overview

The duduk is a double reed instrument with ancient origins, having existed since at least the fifth century, while there are Armenian scholars who believe it existed more than 1,500 years before that. The earliest instruments similar to the duduk's present form are made of bone or entirely of cane. Today, the duduk is exclusively made of wood with a large double reed, with the body made from aged apricot wood.

The particular tuning depends heavily on the region in which it is played. An eight-hole duduk (not counting the thumb hole on the lower side) can play ten successive notes of a diatonic scale with simple fingering, or sixteen consecutive notes of a chromatic scale by half-covering holes. For example, an A duduk can play all the notes from F♯ to the A more than an octave higher. (Another reference gives different information.) By using the lips to "bend" notes and partially covering holes any pitch in this range can be produced, as required for Oriental music. The instrument's body has different lengths depending upon the range of the instrument and region. The reed (Armenian: եղեգն, eġegn), is made from one or two pieces of cane in a duck-bill type assembly. Unlike other double-reed instruments, the reed is quite wide, helping to give the duduk both its unique, mournful sound, as well as its remarkable breathing requirements. The duduk player is called dudukahar (դուդուկահար) in Armenian.

The performers use air stored in their cheeks to keep playing the instrument while they inhale air into their lungs. This "circular" breathing technique is commonly used with all the double-reed instruments in the Middle East.

Duduk "is invariably played with the accompaniment of a second dum duduk, which gives the music an energy and tonic atmosphere, changing the scale harmoniously with the principal duduk."

History

Armenian musicologists cite evidence of the duduk's use as early as 1200 BC, though Western scholars suggest it is 1,500 years old. Variants of the duduk can be found in Armenia and the Caucasus. The history of the Armenian duduk music is dated to the reign of the Armenian king Tigran the Great, who reigned from 95 to 55 B.C. According to ethnomusicologist Dr. Jonathan McCollum, the instrument is depicted in numerous Armenian manuscripts of the Middle Ages, and is "actually the only truly Armenian instrument that's survived through history, and as such is a symbol of Armenian national identity ... The most important quality of the duduk is its ability to express the language dialectic and mood of the Armenian language, which is often the most challenging quality to a duduk player."

Balkan duduk

While "duduk" most commonly refers to the double reed instrument described on this page, there is a very similar instrument played in northwestern Bulgaria. This is a blocked-end flute known as a kaval, resembling the Serbian frula, or kavalče in a part of Macedonia, and as duduk in northwest Bulgaria. Made of maple or other wood, it comes in two sizes: 700–780 millimetres (28–31 in) and 240–400 millimetres (9.4–15.7 in) (duduce). The blocked end is flat.

In popular culture

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The sound of the duduk has become known to wider audiences through its use in popular film soundtracks. Starting with Peter Gabriel's score for Martin Scorsese's The Last Temptation of Christ, the duduk's archaic and mournful sound has been employed in a variety of genres to depict such moods. Djivan Gasparyan played the duduk in Gladiator, Syriana, and Blood Diamond, among others. It was also used extensively in Battlestar Galactica. In the TV series Avatar: The Last Airbender, its computer-altered sound was given to the fictitious Tsungi horn, most notably played by Iroh and often being featured in the show's soundtrack. With many of the members who worked on ATLA now working on The Dragon Prince, the duduk regularly appears in its soundtrack as well. The sound of the duduk was also used in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe for a lullaby which Mr. Tumnus plays on a fictitious double flute and in the theme song of the Dothraki clan during the TV adaptation Game of Thrones.

Armenia's entry in the 2010 Eurovision Song Contest, "Apricot Stone," featured Armenian musician Djivan Gasparyan playing the duduk.

Film soundtracks

The duduk has been used in a number of films, especially "to denote otherworldliness, loneliness, and mourning or to supply a Middle Eastern/Central Asian atmosphere".

Ararat (2002) by Mychael Danna
Avatar (2009) by Nacer Khemir, in the track Shutting Down Grace's Lab
Bab'Aziz: le prince qui contemplait son âme (Bab'Aziz: The Prince Who Contemplated His Soul), 2005 by Nacer Khemir
Bedtime Stories (2008) by Rupert Gregson-Williams
Brotherhood of the Wolf (2001) by Joseph LoDuca
Chilean Gothic (2000) by Fractal
Constantine (2005) by Brian Tyler, Klaus Badelt, in the track Circle of Hell
The Crow (1994) by Graeme Revell featuring the duduk player Djivan Gasparyan
Dead Man Walking (1995) by David Robbins
Elektra (2005) by Christophe Beck
Gladiator (2000) by Djivan Gasparyan in the track Duduk of the North
Hotel Rwanda (2004) main theme music
Hulk (2003) duduk by Pedro Eustache by Danny Elfman
The Island (2005) by Steve Jablonsky
The Kite Runner (2007) by Alberto Iglesias
The Last Temptation of Christ (1988) by Peter Gabriel, featuring the duduk player Vatche Hovsepian
The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (2005) by Harry Gregson-Williams, in the track A Narnia Lullaby
Munich duduk by Pedro Eustache (2005) by John Williams
Mayrig (1991) by Omar Al Sharif
Next (2007) by Mark Isham
The Passion of The Christ (2004) by Mel Gibson, composer John Debney duduks by Pedro Eustache and Chris Bleth
Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End (2007) by Hans Zimmer
Rendition (2007) by Paul Hepker and Mark Kilian, duduk by Pedro Eustache
Ronin (1998) by Elia Cmiral, duduk by Albert Vardanyan
Syriana (2005) by Alexandre Desplat, duduks by Djivan Gasparyan and Pedro Eustache
The Russia House (1990) by Jerry Goldsmith
The Siege (1998) by Graeme Revell, in the track Torture
Vantage Point (2008) by Atli Orvarsson
Wanted (2008) by Danny Elfman
Warriors of Heaven and Earth (2003) by A. R. Rahman
You Don't Mess with the Zohan (2008) by Rupert Gregson-Williams
Beasts in Our Time and Under The Eye Of The Sun played by Rob Townsend on Steve Hackett's album At The Edge Of Light
3 Faces (2018) by Jafar Panahi, duduk by Yusef Moharamian
Dune (2021) by Hans Zimmer, duduk by Pedro Eustache
Dune: Part Two (2024) by Hans Zimmer, duduk by Pedro Eustache

Television soundtracks

Angel by Rob Kral
Avatar: The Last Airbender by Jeremy Zuckerman features the instrument in a recurring motif associated with the character of Zuko, most notably in the tracks "Iroh's Tsungi Horn" and "The Blue Spirit"
Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) by Bear McCreary. Its tracks "Two Funerals", "Starbuck on the Red Moon", "Escape from the Farm", "Colonial Anthem, "Black Market", "Something Dark is Coming", "Martial Law", "Prelude to War" feature the duduk. Roslin's theme was set to lyrics a second time for the third-season premiere "Occupation", this time in Armenian.
Buffy the Vampire Slayer by Christophe Beck, Tomas Wanker, Rob Dunkin, Douglas Stevens
Castle by Robert Duncan
Children of Dune by Brian Tyler in the tracks "Dune Messiah", "The Throne of Alia", "The Preacher At Arrakeen", "Farewell"
Cold Case by Michael A. Levine
CSI: New York by Bill Brown
Firefly by Greg Edmonson
Game of Thrones by Ramin Djawadi features the instrument in Daenerys Targaryen's theme
JAG by Steve Bramson
The Mummy Who Would Be King by Gil Talmi, Andrew Gross
Over There by Ed Rogers
The Pacific by Blake Neely and Geoff Zanelli
Path to 9/11 by John Cameron
Rome by Jeff Beal
The Dragon Prince by Frederik Wiedmann
Spartacus by Randy Miller. Track Second Thought
Star Trek: Enterprise by Paul Baillargeon
Yu-Gi-Oh! by Wayne Sharpe
Xena: Warrior Princess by Joseph Loduca
The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power by Bear McCreary features this instrument in settings of the Númenor theme.
Boohbah
Foundation (TV series) by Bear McCreary features the instrument in a recurring motif associated with the character of Gaal Dornick.

Video game scores

Shards of the Exodar in World of Warcraft: The Burning Crusade by Derek Duke, Glenn Stafford and Russell Brower
Dalaran in World of Warcraft: Wrath of the Lich King by Derek Duke, Glenn Stafford and Russell Brower
Orsis in Hearthstone: League of Explorers
Civilization V by Michael Curran
Crimson Dragon by Saori Kobayashi and Jeremy Garren
Dark Void by Bear McCreary
Dota 2 by Jason Hayes
F.E.A.R. by Nathan Grigg
God of War III by Gerard Marino
Mass Effect by Jack Wall
Myst III: Exile by Jack Wall
Myst IV: Revelation by Jack Wall
Outcast by Lennie Moore in the track Oriental Spirit
Prince of Persia: The Two Thrones by Inon Zur
Uncharted 2 by Greg Edmonson
Croft Manor Theme in Tomb Raider Legend by Troels Brun Folmann
The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim (2011) by Jeremy Soule in the track Tundra
Total War: Rome II by Richard Beddow
Empire: Total War
Metro Exodus by Oleksii Omelchuk
Xenoblade Chronicles 3 by Kenji Hiramatsu in both Day and Night versions of the track Eagus Wilderness
Sonic Frontiers in the movements for Ares Island by Tomoya Ohtani (duduk performed by Tarumi Yasutaka)

Popular music

"Come Talk to Me" by Peter Gabriel (from the 1992 album Us)
"Zachem Ya" by t.A.T.u. (from the 2001 album 200 Po Vstrechnoy)
"Prelude & Nostalgia" by Yanni (from the 1997 album Tribute)
"Prelude & Nostalgia" by Yanni (from the 2006 album Yanni Live! The Concert Event)
"Science" and "Arto" (Hidden Track) by System of a Down (from the 2001 album Toxicity)
"Jenny Wren" (2005) and "Back in Brazil" (2018) by Paul McCartney
"All That I Am" by Rob Thomas (from the 2006 album ...Something to Be)
"Touching the Void" by Soulfly (from the 2008 album Conquer)
"Qélé, Qélé" by Sirusho (from the 2008 Eurovision Song Contest Armenian entry)
"1944" by Jamala (2015)
"Soulfly X" by Soulfly (from the 2015 album Archangel)
"Model Village" by Gong (band) (from the 2016 album Rejoice! I'm Dead!)
"Come Along" by Cosmo Sheldrake (from the 2017 album "The Much Much How How and I", and featured in advertisements for Apple's iPhone XR in the UK, USA, and Canada)
"Meeting" album by A.G.A. Trio with Arsen Petrosyan on Duduk (2020 by NAXOS WORLD)

Anime soundtracks

Arrietty by Cécile Corbel, in the track "Sho's Song - Instrumental Version"
Tales from Earthsea by Tamiya Terashima, in the tracks "The Trip", "The Spider" and "Violent Robbery/The Seduction of the Undead".

References

"The Duduk and National Identity in Armenia". Journal of the American Musical Instrument Society. 32. American Musical Instrument Society: 183. 2006. ...the duduk (pronounced doo-dook)...
McCollum, Jonathan (2016). "Duduk (i)". Grove Music Online. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.L2294963.
"…which is indigenous to Armenia,…" Archived 2018-05-09 at the Wayback Machine, World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East p.335
Stokes, Jamie, ed. (2008). Peoples of Africa and the Middle East, Volume 1. Facts On File. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-8160-7158-6. One of the oldest indigenous Armenian instruments is the duduk, a woodwind instrument usually made from apricot wood, with a double reed.
"Armenian duduk and other Armenian folk instruments" (PDF). UNESCO. June 2003. p. 32. Retrieved 16 March 2014. Duduk is considered to be the most Armenian of all folk instruments for its Armenian origin and honest expression. It has a 1500 – year history and is native to Armenia, Bulgaria, Turkey, Georgia and Azerbaijan.
A COMPARATIVE VIEW OF THE MEY, BALABAN AND DUDUK AS ORGANOLOGICAL PHENOMENARetrieved February 28, 2022.
"Sounds of Armenian duduk". UNESCO. November 2012. Archived from the original on 16 March 2014. Duduk and its music were inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2008 (originally proclaimed in 2005). The duduk, or "dziranapogh" in Armenian, is a double-reed woodwind instrument made of apricot wood, conventionally called the "Armenian oboe".
"Duduk and its music". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 16 March 2014. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
Marcuse, Sibyl (1964). "Duduk". Musical Instruments, A Comprehensive Dictionary. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. p. 157.
Есипова М. В., ed. (2008). "Дудук (свистковая флейта и язычковый духовой инструмент)". Музыкальные инструменты. Энциклопедия. Moscow: Дека-ВС. pp. 207–209.
Broughton, Simon; Ellingham, Mark; Trillo, Richard, eds. (1999). World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East. p. 334. ISBN 9781858286358.
Andrea L. Stanton; Edward Ramsamy; Peter J. Seybolt, eds. (2012). Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, and Africa: An Encyclopedia. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications. p. 167. ISBN 9781412981767.
"Duduk Fingering Chart". ArmenianDuduk.am.
"HOW TO PLAY DUDUK 3: Playing a scale". YouTube. DudukLessons.com. 3 February 2014.
Dr John Vartan (2000). "Armenian Duduk An Instructional Book For Beginners" (PDF). American Recording Productions.
David Brown (27 April 2017). "The Duduk & Mey: History, Info and Set-Up". Lark in the morning.
Albright, Ch. (15 December 1988). "BĀLĀBĀN". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Archived from the original on 16 March 2014.
"WWW.DUDUK.CO.UK - Professional Armenian Duduks, Zurnas, Ghamish by Master Arthur Grigoryan". Archived from the original on 2006-03-04. Retrieved 2006-02-20. Duduk Info at Ethnicinstruments.co.uk
"Gasparyan, Djivan | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011.
"The roots of Armenian duduk music go back to the times of the Armenian king Tigran the Great (95-55 BC)": "The Duduk and its Music Archived 2014-03-16 at the Wayback Machine. UNESCO. Accessed February 8, 2010.
Turpin, Andy (12 February 2010). "Nothing Sounds Armenian Like a Duduk: ALMA Lecture". Armenian Weekly. Archived from the original on 12 March 2012. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
www.macedoniadirect.com/instruments/supelki.htm Archived 2006-05-25 at the Wayback Machine
"Дудук : Horo.bg - българският сайт за народни хора, песни, танци, обичаи, фолклор" (in Bulgarian). Horo.bg. Archived from the original on 2013-09-27. Retrieved 2013-09-22.
For a detailed description of the instrument (in Bulgarian), see "Бит и култура | Речник на остарели, редки, чуждици и диалектни думи ДЛ-ДУ". Archived from the original on 2012-02-16. Retrieved 2012-03-04.
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King, Darryn (22 October 2021). "How Hans Zimmer Conjured the Otherworldly Sounds of 'Dune'". The New York Times.
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v t e Double reed instruments
(also includes those with quadruple and sextuple reeds; does not include bagpipes)
European classical (modern)	Piccolo oboe Piccolo heckelphone Oboe Oboe d'amore Cor anglais (English horn) Bass oboe Heckelphone Lupophon Contrabass oboe Tenoroon Bassoon Semi-contrabassoon Contrabassoon Contraforte Contrabassophone Reed contrabass Sarrusophone Rothphone Tromboon
European classical (historical)	Aulos Baroque oboe Bassanello Cornamuse Cromorne Crumhorn Dulcian Hirtenschalmei Kortholt Oboe da caccia Pommer Rackett Rauschpfeife Shawm
African traditional	Algaita Rhaita Zukra
Asian traditional	Balaban Duduk Guan Gyaling Hichiriki Hne Kèn Kèn bầu Kèn đám ma Kuzhal Mizmar Nadaswaram Ottu Pi Piri Shehnai Sundari Sorna Sralai Suona Taepyeongso Tangmuri Zurna/Surnai
European traditional	Aulos Bifora Birbynė Bombard Catalan shawm Dulzaina Graïle Gralla Musette Piffero Sopila Tárogató Zurna Surma-horn
American traditional	Chirimía Trompeta china

v t e Armenian musical instruments
Percussion instruments	Dhol Dap Dmblak
Wind instruments	Duduk Zurna Shvi Blul Sring Pku Parkapzuk Tulum
String instruments	Kanon Barbat Kamancha Kamani Tar Bağlama Oud Santur Zagan Tavigh Pandir Bambir
See also	Music of Armenia

v t e Musical instruments of Georgia (country)
String instruments	Bowed instruments Chuniri Plucked instruments Changi Choghur Panduri Struck instruments Santur
Woodwind instruments	Buki Duduk Gudastviri Larchemi Pilili Salamuri Shagur Soinari Zurna Georgian Accordion
Percussion instruments	Auxiliary percussion Dayereh Doli Nagara Naqareh Tsintsila
See also	Music of Georgia (country)