Major basilica: Difference between revisions

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	As '''Basilicae maiores''' (''Basilica Maior'' singular) are known the six highest-ranking Roman Catholic churches. Four of them are in Rome, two in Assisi. All other churches that have the title of a basilica are ''Basilicae Minor''. Upon relinquishing in 2006 the title of ], ] renamed these basilicas from "Patriarchal Basilicas" to "Papal Basilicas".

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	To this class belong the four great papal churches of Rome:
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	* ], also called the Lateran Basilica, is the cathedral of the Bishop of Rome, the ]. It is the only one called an "archbasilica". Its full official name is "Papal Basilica of Saint John Lateran, Archbasilica of the Most Holy Saviour and of Saints John the Baptist and the Evangelist at the Lateran, Cathedral of Rome".<ref>Basilica Papale di San Giovanni in Laterano - Arcibasilica del SS.mo Salvatore e dei Santi Giovanni Battista ed Evangelista al Laterano - Cattedrale di Roma (] 2007, ISBN 98-88-209-7908-9, p. 1332).</ref>
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	* ], also called the Vatican Basilica, is a major pilgrimage site, built over the burial place of ]. Perhaps the largest church in the world, it is used for most of the chief religious ceremonies in which the Pope participates. Its official name is the "Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican".<ref>Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Vaticano (] 2007, ISBN 98-88-209-7908-9, p. 1330).</ref>
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	* ], also known as the Ostian Basilica because it is situated on the road that led to ], is built over the burial place of ]. Its official name is the "Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls".<ref>Basilica Papale di San Paolo fuori le mura (] 2007, ISBN 98-88-209-7908-9, p. 1333).</ref>
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	* ], also called the Liberian Basilica because the original building (not the present one) was attributed to ], is the largest church in Rome dedicated to the ], whence its name of Saint Mary Major, i.e. the Greater. Its official name is the "Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major".<ref>Basilica Papale di Santa Maria Maggiore (] 2007, ISBN 98-88-209-7908-9, p. 1334).</ref>

	Until ], the title "patriarchal" (now "papal") was officially given to two churches associated with Saint ] situated in or near his home town:
	* ]
	* ] in ]

	The four papal<ref></ref> or major basilicas were formerly known as "patriarchal basilicas". Together with the minor basilica of ], they were associated with the five ancient ]al sees of Christendom (see ])<ref>{{CathEncy\|wstitle=Patriarch and Patriarchate\|author=Adrian Fortescue}}</ref>: St. John Lateran was associated with Rome, St. Peter's with ] (present-day Istanbul), St. Paul's with ] (in Egypt), St. Mary Major with ] (the Levant) and St. Lawrence with ].

	These four major basilicas are also distinguished by their having a ] and to which a visit is always prescribed as one of the conditions for gaining the ]. Furthermore, no one may celebrate mass at the high altar except the Pope and those specially delegated by the Pope to act in his stead. At least until recently, these churches were also open twenty-four hours a day and their staff included a college of priests whose sole function was to be continually available to hear confessions.

	:] in the cloister of the ], Rome.]]

	== References ==
	{{reflist}}

	{{Portal\|Christianity}}
	{{Wiktionary\|basilica}}

	== External links ==
	{{CathEncy\| wstitle =Basilica\|author=Gietmann, G. and Thurston, Herbert }}
	* & by Giga-Catholic Information.

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Latest revision as of 23:33, 26 December 2022

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Basilicas in the Catholic Church#Major and papal basilicas

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