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{{About|the surname|other uses|Kaul (disambiguation)}}
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{{redirect|Koul|other uses|Koul (disambiguation)}}
'''Kaul''' (]: कौल, کاول) is a surname originating amongst the people of the ] in the ]n state of ]. People with the Kaul surname are now found in various parts of India and around the world. Kaul arises from Sanskrit Kula (Clan).The Kaul surname are also found in parts of Europe, particularly in ].
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{{More citations needed|date=May 2009}}
'''Kaul''' (also spelled as Koul, Kaula) is a well-known surname of ]. Kauls belong to the ] Brahmin class (which forms the apex of the Indian caste order) & trace their descent to ], the legendary son of the sage ] & ].


'''Kaul''' (also spelled '''Koul'''; {{langx|ks|𑆑𑆿𑆬 <small>(])</small>, कौल <small>(])</small>, كَوْلَ <small>(])</small>|lit=well born|translit=kaula}}) is a ] surname that is used by the ] community in India.<ref>{{cite book|author=Kumar Suresh Singh|author-link=Kumar Suresh Singh|title=People of India: Delhi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=99c-AQAAIAAJ |accessdate=18 March 2012|year=1996|publisher=Manohar Publishers for ]|isbn= 978-8173040962|page=324 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Victoria |last=Schofield |author-link=Victoria Schofield|title=Kashmir in conflict|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ek00fuXVz1wC&pg=PA118|accessdate=25 June 2012|year=2003 |publisher=I.B. Tauris & Co |isbn= 1860648983 |page=4}}, ''...looms rose to 24,000 by 1813. Despite the religious oppression that many hindus were subjected , they were however, useful to the Afghans because of their administrative experience. Kashmiri Pandits were not prevented into entering into government service & there were some families whose names consistently appear in public service - the Dhars, Kauls, Tikkus & Saprus.''</ref><ref name=nyt>{{cite news |title=The Kauls are Everywhere |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/02/us/washington-talk-briefing-the-kauls-are-everywhere.html |work=nytimes.com |first=Wayne King |last=Irvin Molotsky |date=2 September 1986 |accessdate=8 August 2012}}</ref>
The surname Kaul may have originated from the Sanskrit word ''Kaula'' 'Well Born' (from Sanskrit ''Kula'' 'Family'). The surname Kaul may have been derived from ''Mahakaul'' (The Great Kaul), which is an ] of Shiva. This has led many scholars to believe that all ''Shaivas'' of Kashmir could have been Kauls. This view, however, is not supported by too many scholars. Kaul equates to Kula (clan in English) in Sanskrit. Clan is Klane in German.


The word ''Koul'', meaning ''well born'', is derived from ''Kula'', the ] term for family or clan.


==Origins==
==General Physical Appearance==
There are several theories regarding the origins of Kaul as a surname.
The Kauls, like most other Kashmiri Pandits, are closer in appearance to the people of Central Asia and Southeastern Europe than to the people of the Gangetic or Indus plains surrounding Kashmir, or for that matter, the general Indian populace or other South Asians. Kauls typically have light skins, long sharp noses, often hooked, non-black eyes, and dark brown hair.


===Koul from Mahakoul===
==Social Status==
The Kashmiri Brahmins are divided into 199 exogamous spiritual groups, the members of which are supposed to have descended from the ancestor-saint whose name the group bears. Among these groups, social status is governed by the spiritual greatness of the ancestor-saint. The Kauls, who trace their descent to the saint ], the legendary son of the sages ] and ], are considered to be the highest of all spiritual groups.
One says that it is associated with the word ''Mahakaul'' ({{langx|sa|महाकौळ|translit=mahākauḷa}}), an ] for ]. ''Shiva'' followers were thus called '']''.<ref name=BhatKaulDhar2>{{cite book|first1=S. |last1=Bhat |first2=J. N. |last2=Koal |first3=B. B. |last3=Dhar |first4=Arun |last4=Shalia|title=Kashmiri Scholars Contribution to Knowledge & World Peace|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=It1LePnN2LsC&pg=PA134 |accessdate=18 March 2012|year=2008|publisher=APH Publishing |location=New Delhi |isbn= 978-81-313-0402-0 |pages=131}}</ref> Koul therefore means a devotee of Shiva.<ref name=RamK>{{cite book|first=Ram Krishen |last=Kaul|title=Sociology of Names and Nicknames of India, with special reference to ''Kas'mira'' |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XWcbAAAAYAAJ&q=kaul |accessdate=7 July 2012|year=1982|publisher=Utpal Publications |location=New Delhi|page=98}}</ref>


=== Koul/Kaul from Shakta worship ===
==Kauls in Indian History==
The author of ''Krishnavataracharita'', Saheb Ram Kaul was a notable seveteenth century scholar in the court of Aurengzeb.
Another states that since the ] were believers in ] and ], the peak of ] around the 9th–12th century gave rise to use of the name.<ref name="BhatKaulDhar">{{cite book|first1=S. |last1=Bhat |first2=J. N. |last2=Kaul |first3=B. B. |last3=Dhar |first4=Arun |last4=Shalia|title=Kashmiri Scholars Contribution to Knowledge & World Peace|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=It1LePnN2LsC&pg=PA134 |accessdate=18 March 2012|year=2008|publisher=APH Publishing |location=New Delhi |isbn= 978-81-313-0402-0 |pages=130–133}}</ref> This has led many scholars to believe that almost all ] were Kauls/Kouls and they were later subdivided into different nicknames, then with the passage of time these nicknames became surnames. In recent years the use of the nicknames is being progressively discarded and the surname ''Kaul/Koul'' is being adopted by almost all such people. The word ''Kaul/Koul'' is associated with being an '']'' ({{langx|sa|अघोरेश्वर|lit=enlightened|translit=aghōrēśvara}}). The '']'' ({{langx|sa|साधक|lit=practitioners|translit=sādhaka}}) of the '']'', associated with '']'' worship, are believed to reach the top of the spiritual ladder, and thus become a ''Kaul/Koul''.<ref name="BhatKaulDhar" /><ref name="RamK1">{{cite book|first=Ram Krishen |last=Koal|title=Sociology of Names and Nicknames of India, with special reference to ''Kas'mira'' |year=1982|publisher=Utpal Publications |location=New Delhi|page=161}}</ref>


==Notable people with Kaul surname==
The first prime minister of free India, Pandit ], also claimed to be a Kaul. Jawaharlal Nehru writes in his autobiography:
]. Pahari-Sikh; attributed to ], from the family of ] of ], ca.1840]]<!-- Alphabetically placed -->
''We were Kashmiris. Over two hundred years ago, early in the eighteenth century, our ancestor came down from that mountain valley to seek fame and fortune in the rich plains below. Those were the days of the decline of the Moghal Empire after the death of Aurungzeb, and Farrukhsiar was the Emperor. Raj Kaul was the name of that ancestor of ours and he had gained eminence as a Sanskrit and Persian scholar in Kashmir. He attracted the notice of Farrukhsiar during the latter's visit to Kashmir, and, probably at the Emperor's instance, the family migrated to Delhi, the imperial capital, about the year 1716. A jagir with a house situated on the banks of a canal had been granted to Raj Kaul, and, from the fact of this residence, 'Nehru' (from nahar, a canal) came to be attached to his name. Kaul had been the family name; this changed to Kaul-Nehru; and, in later years, Kaul dropped out and we became simply Nehrus.''


* ] (1954–2016), ] officer
==Eminent Kauls==
* ] (born 1949), Indian writer and theatre director
*]
* ], Bengali actor
*]
* ] (1912–1972), commanded the Indian forces in the ]
*Sir Ganga Ram Kaula
* ] (born 1987), Indian television actress
*]
* ] (1869–1942), Kashmiri politician and author
*]
* ] (born 1980), 45th Attorney General of Wisconsin
*]
* ] (1905–1983), Indian botanist and agricultural scientist, brother of ]
*Lieutenant General ]
* ] (1899–1936), Indian freedom fighter and wife of first Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru
* ]
* ] (born 1982), Indian TV actress and model
*]
* ] (born 1989), Indian rapper, known as KR$NA, and formerly as Prozpekt
* Air Chief Marshal ]
* ] (1922–2018), British BBC broadcaster and television presenter
* ]
* ] (born 1986), Indian theatre director, playwright, actor and film-maker
* Arvind Kaul
* ] (1944–2011), Indian film director
* ] (1925–1999), Indian painter
* ] (1949–2020), German musician
* ] (born 1998), German athlete specializing in the decathlon
* ] (1929–2007), ambassador of India to the United States (1986–1989)
* Raj Kaul, ] patriarch
* ] (1911–2000), Associate Justice of the Kansas Supreme Court
* ] (1915–2015), Indian politician, cabinet minister
* ] (born 1990), Indian cricketer, medium pace bowler
* ] (born 1934), Air Chief Marshal of the Indian Air Force, Chief of Air Staff (India) (1993–1995)
* ] (born 1962), Indian businessman and founder of the University of Petroleum and Energy Studies* ] (born 1958), Judge, Supreme Court of India and former lawyer
* ] (1913–2000), Indian diplomat, Indian Foreign Secretary (1967–1972)
* ] (born 1943), Indian civil servant, Comptroller and Auditor General (2002–2008)

== Notable people with Koul surname ==

* ] (born 1972), Indian pharmacologist
* ] (1941–2018), Indian linguist
* ] (born 1991), Canadian journalist and writer
* ] (1954–2020), Kashmiri actor

== See also ==
* ]


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist}} {{Reflist|40em}}

1 http://ikashmir.net/names/gotras.html
*Jain & Bhatnagar: Madhya Pradesh General Knowledge (Hindi)
*http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/1962War/Hoshang03.html
*Excerpts: JAWAHARLAL NEHRU: AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY http://www.koausa.org/Vitasta/3.html
{{Kashmiri families}} {{Kashmiri families}}
{{surname|Kaul}}
⚫ ]
]
⚫ ]
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] ]
]
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Latest revision as of 17:32, 23 December 2024

This article is about the surname. For other uses, see Kaul (disambiguation). "Koul" redirects here. For other uses, see Koul (disambiguation).

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Kaul (also spelled Koul; Kashmiri: 𑆑𑆿𑆬 (Sharada), कौल (Devanagari), كَوْلَ (Nasta'liq), romanized: kaula, lit. 'well born') is a Kashmiri surname that is used by the Kashmiri Pandit community in India.

The word Koul, meaning well born, is derived from Kula, the Sanskrit term for family or clan.

Origins

There are several theories regarding the origins of Kaul as a surname.

Koul from Mahakoul

One says that it is associated with the word Mahakaul (Sanskrit: महाकौळ, romanized: mahākauḷa), an epithet for Shiva. Shiva followers were thus called Kauḷa. Koul therefore means a devotee of Shiva.

Koul/Kaul from Shakta worship

Another states that since the Saraswat Brahmins of Kashmira were believers in Shaivism and Shakta, the peak of Shaivism in Kashmir around the 9th–12th century gave rise to use of the name. This has led many scholars to believe that almost all Kashmiri Pandits were Kauls/Kouls and they were later subdivided into different nicknames, then with the passage of time these nicknames became surnames. In recent years the use of the nicknames is being progressively discarded and the surname Kaul/Koul is being adopted by almost all such people. The word Kaul/Koul is associated with being an Aghoreshwar (Sanskrit: अघोरेश्वर, romanized: aghōrēśvara, lit. 'enlightened'). The Sādhakas (Sanskrit: साधक, romanized: sādhaka, lit. 'practitioners') of the Tantra, associated with Shakti worship, are believed to reach the top of the spiritual ladder, and thus become a Kaul/Koul.

Notable people with Kaul surname

Portrait of Radha Krishan Kaul, an astrologer of the Sikh Empire. Pahari-Sikh; attributed to Chhaju Ram, from the family of Nainsukh of Guler, ca.1840
  • Anita Kaul (1954–2016), Indian Administrative Service officer
  • Bansi Kaul (born 1949), Indian writer and theatre director
  • Bharat Kaul, Bengali actor
  • Brij Mohan Kaul (1912–1972), commanded the Indian forces in the Sino-Indian War
  • Ekta Kaul (born 1987), Indian television actress
  • Hari Kishan Kaul (1869–1942), Kashmiri politician and author
  • Josh Kaul (born 1980), 45th Attorney General of Wisconsin
  • Kailas Nath Kaul (1905–1983), Indian botanist and agricultural scientist, brother of Kamala
  • Kamala Kaul Nehru (1899–1936), Indian freedom fighter and wife of first Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru
  • Kanchi Kaul (born 1982), Indian TV actress and model
  • Krishna Kaul (born 1989), Indian rapper, known as KR$NA, and formerly as Prozpekt
  • Mahendra Kaul (1922–2018), British BBC broadcaster and television presenter
  • Manav Kaul (born 1986), Indian theatre director, playwright, actor and film-maker
  • Mani Kaul (1944–2011), Indian film director
  • Manohar Kaul (1925–1999), Indian painter
  • Matthias Kaul (1949–2020), German musician
  • Niklas Kaul (born 1998), German athlete specializing in the decathlon
  • P. K. Kaul (1929–2007), ambassador of India to the United States (1986–1989)
  • Raj Kaul, Nehru family patriarch
  • Robert H. Kaul (1911–2000), Associate Justice of the Kansas Supreme Court
  • Sheila Kaul (1915–2015), Indian politician, cabinet minister
  • Siddarth Kaul (born 1990), Indian cricketer, medium pace bowler
  • S. K. Kaul (born 1934), Air Chief Marshal of the Indian Air Force, Chief of Air Staff (India) (1993–1995)
  • Sanjay Kaul (born 1962), Indian businessman and founder of the University of Petroleum and Energy Studies* Sanjay Kishan Kaul (born 1958), Judge, Supreme Court of India and former lawyer
  • Triloki Nath Kaul (1913–2000), Indian diplomat, Indian Foreign Secretary (1967–1972)
  • V. N. Kaul (born 1943), Indian civil servant, Comptroller and Auditor General (2002–2008)

Notable people with Koul surname

See also

References

  1. Kumar Suresh Singh (1996). People of India: Delhi. Manohar Publishers for Anthropological Survey of India. p. 324. ISBN 978-8173040962. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
  2. Schofield, Victoria (2003). Kashmir in conflict. I.B. Tauris & Co. p. 4. ISBN 1860648983. Retrieved 25 June 2012., ...looms rose to 24,000 by 1813. Despite the religious oppression that many hindus were subjected , they were however, useful to the Afghans because of their administrative experience. Kashmiri Pandits were not prevented into entering into government service & there were some families whose names consistently appear in public service - the Dhars, Kauls, Tikkus & Saprus.
  3. Irvin Molotsky, Wayne King (2 September 1986). "The Kauls are Everywhere". nytimes.com. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
  4. Bhat, S.; Koal, J. N.; Dhar, B. B.; Shalia, Arun (2008). Kashmiri Scholars Contribution to Knowledge & World Peace. New Delhi: APH Publishing. p. 131. ISBN 978-81-313-0402-0. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
  5. Kaul, Ram Krishen (1982). Sociology of Names and Nicknames of India, with special reference to Kas'mira. New Delhi: Utpal Publications. p. 98. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
  6. ^ Bhat, S.; Kaul, J. N.; Dhar, B. B.; Shalia, Arun (2008). Kashmiri Scholars Contribution to Knowledge & World Peace. New Delhi: APH Publishing. pp. 130–133. ISBN 978-81-313-0402-0. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
  7. Koal, Ram Krishen (1982). Sociology of Names and Nicknames of India, with special reference to Kas'mira. New Delhi: Utpal Publications. p. 161.
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