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{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Infobox Israel municipality
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2023}}
|name=Sderot
{{lead too short|date=October 2023}}
|image=Coat of arms of Sderot.png
{{Infobox settlement
|imgsize=80px
| name = Sderot
|image3=Sderot shelters1.jpg
| native_name = {{Hlist
|imgsize3=300px
| {{Lang|he|{{Script/Hebrew|שְׂדֵרוֹת}}|rtl=yes}}
|hebname={{Hebrew|שְדֵרוֹת}}
|arname=سديروت | {{Lang|ar|{{lang|ar|سديروت}}|rtl=yes}}
}}
|meaning=Boulevards/avenues
| settlement_type = ] (from 1996)
|founded=1953
| translit_lang1 = Hebrew
|type=city
| translit_lang1_type1 = ]
|typefrom=1996
| translit_lang1_info1 = Śderot
|stdHeb=
| image_skyline = File:PikiWiki Israel 40924 Yanchik Hill near kibbutz Nir Am.JPG
|altOffSp=
| image_blank_emblem = Coat of arms of Sderot.png
|altUnoSp=
| pushpin_map_alt =
|district=south
| pushpin_map = Israel northwest negev#Israel
|population=20,700<ref name="cbs populations" />
| pushpin_mapsize =
|popyear=2009
| pushpin_label_position =
|area_dunam=4472
| pushpin_map_caption =
|mayor=David Buskila
| coordinates = {{coord|31|31|22|N|34|35|43|E|region:IL|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|pushpin_map=Israel ashkelon |pushpin_mapsize=200
| subdivision_type1 = Country
|latd=31 |latm=31
| subdivision_name1 = {{ISR}}
|longd=34 |longm=35
| subdivision_type2 = ]
| subdivision_name2 =
]
| established_title = Founded
| established_date = 1951
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = ]
| unit_pref = dunam
| area_total_dunam = {{formatnum:4472|R}}
| population_footnotes = {{Israel populations|reference}}
| population_total = {{Israel populations|Sederot}}
| population_as_of = {{Israel populations|Year}}
| population_density_km2 = auto
| blank_name_sec1 = Name meaning
| blank_info_sec1 = Boulevards/avenues
}} }}
'''Sderot''' ({{lang-he-n|שְדֵרוֹת}}) is a western ] ] in the ] of ]. According to the ] (CBS), at the end of 2009 the city had a total population of 20,700.<ref name="cbs populations" /> The city has been an ongoing target of ] from the ]. In March 2008, the mayor said the population had declined by 10%-15% as families left the city in desperation (aid organizations say the figure is closer to 25%). Many of the families that remain cannot afford to move out or are unable to sell their homes.<ref name="ynet-sderot1" />


'''Sderot''' ({{langx|he|שְׂדֵרוֹת}}, {{IPA|he|sdeˈʁot|pron}}, {{lit.|boulevards}}; {{langx|ar|سديروت}}, sometimes Romanized as "Sederot"<!-- is spelled that easy in the population data template {{Israel populations|Sederot}} --><ref>{{cite news |title=Palestinians Hit Home in Sederot |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/01/world/middleeast/01mideast.html |access-date=5 December 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=1 June 2006}}</ref>) is a western ] ] and former ] in the ] of ]. In {{Israel populations|Year}}, it had a population of {{Israel populations|Sederot}}.{{Israel populations|reference}}
Sderot, less than a mile from ], has been the target of ] which, between 2001 and 2008, killed 13 Israelis living near the Gaza border, wounded dozens, caused millions of dollars in damage, and profoundly disrupted daily life.<ref name="haaretz-rockets1" /> According to MSNBC, "nearly everyone traumatized by the frequent sound of air-raid sirens and explosions of incoming projectiles". All local schools have been fortified.<ref name="ap-rockets1" /> From mid-June 2007 to mid-February 2008, 771 rockets and 857 mortar bombs were fired at Sderot and the western Negev, an average of three or four each a day.<ref name="zionism-israel" />

Sderot is located less than a mile from ] (the closest point is {{Convert|840|m|abbr=on}}),<ref name="ukinisrael.fco.gov.uk" /> and is notable for having been a major target of ] from the ]. Between 2001 and 2008, ] on the city killed 13 people, wounded dozens, caused millions of dollars in damage and profoundly disrupted daily life.<ref name="haaretz-rockets1">{{cite news |author=Avi Issacharoff |author2=Mijal Grinberg |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/2-israelis-lightly-wounded-as-33-rockets-slam-in-western-negev-1.240446 |title=2 Israelis Lightly Wounded as 33 Rockets Slam in Western Negev |publisher=Haaretz |access-date=2014-02-05}}</ref> Although rocket fire subsided after the ], the city has come under rocket attack on occasion since that time.

==Geography==
Sderot lies {{Convert|1|km|miles}} from the ] and the town of ].


==History== ==History==
===20th century===
Israel built Sderot in the vicinity of the remains of this village. During the ], the village was occupied by Israeli troops, and the inhabitants moved to the ]. According to ], Sderot's land had belonged to the village.<ref name="khalidi128" /> Israeli sources dispute this claim, although Sderot was founded on agricultural grounds which were next to the center of the village Najd. <ref>Najd: Palestine remembered</ref>


The Israeli ] had ] the area on which Sderot would be built on between the 2nd and 13th of May 1948, during the ], expelling the 422 Muslim farmers there who cultivated citrus, bananas and cereals from the Palestinian village of ].<ref name=fisk /> The latter were relocated in Gaza as refugees.<ref name="morris1" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/25632612|title=All that remains : the Palestinian villages occupied and depopulated by Israel in 1948|date=1992|publisher=Institute for Palestine Studies|others=].|isbn=0-88728-224-5|location=Washington, D.C.|oclc=25632612}}</ref><ref name="Peteet" >Julie Peteet, in William C.Olson, Thomas J. Csordas (eds.,) ''Engaging Evil: A Moral Anthropology,' ] 2019 {{isbn|978-1-789-20213-7}} pp199-223 pp.213-214.</ref><ref name=fisk>], ] 26 November 2012.</ref>


Sderot received a symbolic name, after the numerous avenues and standalone rows of trees planted in the Negev, especially between ] and ], to combat ] and beautify the arid landscape. Like many other localities in the Negev, Sderot's name has a green motif that symbolizes the motto "making the desert bloom", a central part of ] ideology.<ref name="sasson137" /> Sderot was founded in 1951 as a ] for Israeli immigrants, primarily from ] and ]. It was originally called Gabim Dorot and housed 80 families.<ref>''Israel Directory,'' Miksam Limited, 2003 p.212.</ref> It was later renamed Sderot, a symbolic nod to the numerous avenues of trees planted in the Negev to combat ] and beautify the arid landscape. Like many localities in the ], a green motif was chosen in keeping with the Zionist vision of "making the desert bloom."<ref name="sasson137"/>


The development served as part of a chain of settlements designed to block infiltration from Gaza.<ref name ="LaGuardia" >Anton La Guardia, Penguin 2007 p.311</ref><ref name="heeb" /> Permanent housing was completed three years later, in 1954.<ref name="heeb" />
]
In the 1961 census, the percentage of North African immigrants, mostly from ], was 87% in the town, whilst another 11% of the residents were immigrants from ].<ref>{{cite web|author=Rapoport, Meron|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/863249.html|title=The Pioneers of Sderot|publisher=]|date=2007-05-25|accessdate=2008-10-20}}</ref> In the 1950s, the city continued to absorb a large number of immigrants from Morocco and ], and was declared a ] in 1958.


]
Sderot again absorbed a large immigrant population during the ], and its population doubled in this decade. In 1996 it was declared a ].


From the mid-1950s, the town attracted many Moroccan Jews.<ref name="LaGuardia" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Society_&_Culture/geo/Sderot.html|title=Sderot - Jewish Virtual Library |work=jewishvirtuallibrary.org}}</ref> ] immigrants also began settling in Sderot. In 1956, Sderot was recognized as a ].<ref name="hareuveni908" /> In the 1961 census, North African immigrants, mostly from ], made up 87% of the population, with 11% from Kurdistan.<ref name="haaretz-rapoport" />
== Rocket fire from Gaza ==

{{Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel}}

Sderot absorbed another large wave of immigrants, from the former ], during the ]. Immigrants from ] also arrived during this time, doubling its population. In 1996, it was declared a ]. A number of Palestinians from the Gaza Strip were resettled in Sderot beginning in 1997 after cooperating with the ].<ref name="ynet-hadad" />

===21st century===
{{See also|2023 Israel–Hamas war}}
] fired on Sderot]] ] fired on Sderot]]
<!-- Deleted image removed: ] -->
Sderot lies one kilometer from the ] and town of ]. Since the beginning of the ] in October 2000, the city has been under constant rocket fire from ] launched by ] and ].<ref>{{cite web|author=Silverman, Anav|url=http://sderotmedia.com/?p=372|title=A City Under Siege: An Inside View of Sderot, Israel|publisher=Sderot Media Center|date=2007-09-20|accessdate=2008-10-20}}</ref> Despite the imperfect aim of these homemade projectiles, they have caused deaths and injuries, as well as significant damage to homes and property, psychological distress and emigration from the city. The Israeli government has installed a "]" (צבע אדום) alarm system to warn citizens of impending rocket attacks, although its effectiveness has been questioned. Citizens only have 15 seconds to reach shelter after the sounding of the alarm. Thousands of Qassam rockets have been launched since ] from the Gaza Strip in September 2005.
] rocket defense battery near Sderot]]
] rocket range]]
]


From 2001, in the beginning stage of the ], the city was a target for rockets from the Gaza Strip.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.jpost.com/Features/In-Thespotlight/This-Week-in-History-The-first-Kassam-hits-Sderot |title = This Week in History: The first Kassam hits Sderot - Features - Jerusalem Post| date=April 15, 2011 }}</ref> Rocket fire intensified after the ] in 2005,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jta.org/2006/12/05/archive/as-the-rockets-continue-to-fall-anxiety-and-depression-grip-sderot | title=As the Rockets Continue to Fall, Anxiety and Depression Grip Sderot| date=2006-12-05}}</ref> with the city sustaining constant rocket fire from ] launched by ] and ].<ref name="sderotmedia" />
In May 2007, a significant increase in shelling from Gaza prompted the temporary evacuation of thousands of residents.<ref>{{cite web|author=Kershner, Isabel|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/05/31/europe/town.php|title=Israeli Border Town Lives in the Shadow of Falling Rockets|publisher=International Herald Tribune|date=2007-05-31|accessdate=2008-10-20}}</ref> By November 23, 2007, 6,311 rockets had fallen on the city.<ref>{{cite web|author=Sackett, Shmuel|url=http://web.israelinsider.com/views/12461.htm|title=23 Years and 6,311 Rockets|publisher=]|date=2007-12-07|accessdate=2008-10-20}}</ref> '']'' reported that during the summer of 2007, 3,000 of the city's 22,000 residents (consisting mostly of the city's key upper and middle class residents) left for other areas, out of Qassam rocket range. Russian billionaire ] organized a series of relief programs for residents unable to leave.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?c=JPArticle&cid=1192380747715&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull|title=3,000 Sderot Residents Have Left Town|publisher=]|date=2007-11-16|accessdate=2008-10-20}}</ref>
On December 12, 2007, after more than 20 rockets landed in the Sderot area in a single day, including a direct hit to one of the main avenues, Sderot mayor Eli Moyal announced his resignation, citing the government's failure to halt the rocket attacks.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7140784.stm|title=Israeli Mayor Quits Over Rockets|publisher=BBC Online|date=2007-12-12|accessdate=2008-10-20}}</ref> Moyal was persuaded to retract his resignation.


In May 2007, a significant increase in shelling from Gaza prompted the temporary evacuation of thousands of residents.<ref name="iht" /> By November 23, 2007, 6,311 rockets had fallen on the city.<ref name="israelinsider-sackett" /> '']'' reported that during the summer of 2007, 3,000 of the city's 22,000 residents (consisting mostly of the city's key upper and middle class residents) left for other areas, out of Qassam rocket range. Russian billionaire ] organised a series of relief programs for residents unable to leave.<ref name="jpost-leavetown" />
In a gesture of solidarity, ] (Israel's national airline) named one of its first two ] passenger planes "Sderot" (the other was named for ]).<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=infolive.tv|url=http://www.infolive.tv/en/infolive.tv-10224-israelnews-el-als-ace-hat-boeing-777|title=Boeing 777 Named for Sderot|date=2007-07-31|accessdate=2008-10-20|postscript=<!--None-->}}</ref>
On December 12, 2007, after more than 20 rockets landed in the Sderot area in a single day, including a direct hit to one of the main avenues, Sderot mayor Eli Moyal announced his resignation, citing the government's failure to halt the rocket attacks.<ref name="bbc1" /> Moyal was persuaded to retract his resignation.{{cn|date=August 2024}}
{{Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel}}


In a gesture of solidarity, ] (Israel's national airline) named one of its ] passenger planes ''Sderot'' (4X-ECE).<ref name="infolive" />
In January 2008, the ] of New York organized a display of 4,200 red balloons outside the ].<ref name="Ynet">, By Neta Sela, Ynet News, January 24, 2008.</ref> Each balloon represented a ] that had been fired into Sderot,<ref name="Haaretz">, Haaretz, Published January 25, 2008.</ref> where for years the town and its surrounding area have been under near-constant bombardment by thousands of rockets and mortar shells fired from ].<ref name="JPost">, By Itamar Sharon, Jerusalem Post, Published January 24, 2008.</ref> Consul ], who conceptualized the display, said he used the balloons as an opportunity to call upon the international community to stop ignoring what’s happening in ].<ref name="JC">, David Russell, The Jewish Chronicle, Published May 23, 2008.</ref> The balloon display made headlines in ] papers as well as international publications.<ref name="test">, AP Images, Published January 2008.</ref>


In January 2008, the ] of New York organized a display of 4,200 red balloons outside the ].<ref name="Ynet" /> Each balloon represented a Qassam rocket that had been fired into Sderot,<ref name="Haaretz" /> where for years the town and its surrounding area have been under near-constant bombardment by thousands of rockets and mortar shells fired from Gaza.<ref name="JPost" /> Consul ], who conceptualized the display, said he used the balloons as an opportunity to call upon the international community to stop ignoring what's happening in Israel.<ref name="JC" /> The balloon display made headlines in New York City papers as well as international publications.<ref name="test" />
The ] at the beginning of 2009 largely put an end to the shelling from the Gaza Strip. However, charitable donations to the city have since ceased, and one year later the municipality is threatening to declare bankruptcy.<ref name=haaretz2010>http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArtVty.jhtml?sw=Sderot&itemNo=1158635 Yanir Yagna, "Rocket-battered Sderot faces bankruptcy", Haaretz, 24 March 2010</ref>


In January 2008, British journalist Seth Freedman of '']'' described Sderot as a city of near-deserted streets and empty malls and cafes.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/jan/18/sderotbeseigedandabandoned|title=Sderot: {{sic|besei|ged|nolink=y}} and abandoned|first=Seth|last=Freedman|newspaper=The Guardian |date=January 18, 2008|access-date=August 18, 2019|via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref> In March 2008, the mayor said that the population had dropped by 10–15%, while aid organizations said the figure was closer to 25%. Many of the families that remained were those who could not afford to move out or were unable to sell their homes.<ref name="ynet-sderot1"/> Studies found that air raid sirens and explosions have caused severe psychological trauma in some residents.<ref name="haaretz-sharfman" /> According to a study carried out at ] in 2007, some 75% of residents aged 4–18 were suffering from ], including sleeping disorders and severe anxiety, in the wake of rocket attacks on the city, and 1,000 residents were receiving psychiatric treatment at the community mental health center.<ref name="natal" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irinnews.org/report/76438/israel-opt-relentless-rocket-attacks-take-psychological-toll-on-children-in-sderot#sthash.MEKDqNXC.dpuf|title=IRIN Middle East - ISRAEL-OPT: Relentless rocket attacks take psychological toll on children in Sderot - Israel - OPT - Children - Conflict - Health & Nutrition|work=IRINnews|date=2008-01-27}}</ref> From mid-June 2007 to mid-February 2008, 771 rockets and 857 mortar bombs were fired at Sderot and the western Negev, an average of three or four each a day.<ref name="zionism-israel"/>
==Culture==
According to the ], an unusually high ratio of singers, instrumentalists, composers and poets have come from this small town.<ref name="jpost.com">Grapevine: Away from the rockets' red glare, Geer Fay Cashman, June 24, 2006, Jerusalem Post </ref> In 2007 American-Israeli filmaker ] immigrated from California to Sderot "to find out what it means to live in a never-ending war, and to document the lives and music of musicians under fire."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.israel21c.org/bin/en.jsp?enDispWho=Articles^l2421&enPage=BlankPage&enDisplay=view&enDispWhat=object&enVersion=0&enZone=Culture&| title=Rockets may fall, but Sderot continues to rock | accessdate=2009-01-31 | date=2009-01-15}}</ref>
]
Several popular bands have been formed by musicians who practiced in Sderot's bomb shelters as teenagers.<ref>
, By Kobi Ben-Simhon, Haaretz, 08/11/07</ref><ref></ref><ref>Borderland Pop: Arab Jewish Musicians and the Politics of Performance, Galit Saada-Ophir, Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Cultural Anthropology
Volume 21 Issue 2, Pages 205 – 233, 7 Jan 2008</ref>
Because Sderot is a poor, immigrant town with high unemployment experiencing a dramatic musical success as bands blend international sounds with the music of their Moroccan immigrant parents, it has been compared to Liverpool in the sixties.<ref>, Caroline Westbrook, something Jewish, 09/05/2007</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sderotmovie.com/blog/2008/12/13/a-year-in-sderot |title=The Official Sderot Movie Website :: Movie : Music : Musicians |publisher=Sderotmovie.com |date=2008-12-13 |accessdate=2010-04-04}}</ref> Among the notable bands are ] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.teapacks.com |title=teapacks |publisher=teapacks |date= |accessdate=2010-04-04}}</ref> ] and ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.israel-music.com/sefatayim/ |title=Sefatayim |publisher=Israel-music.com |date= |accessdate=2010-04-04}}</ref> Well-known musicians from Sderot include ], ], ] and ].


During the ] in December 2008 and January 2009, between 50 and 60 rockets were fired at Sderot per week, causing about half the city's residents to temporarily evacuate. The war ended regular rocket fire from Gaza and the city experienced a revitalization. By 2009, demand for apartments was outweighing supply, a new sports complex largely funded by donor aid had opened, a new shopping mall was being built, and the assistance that the city had received due to concern over the years of rocket fire meant that Sderot now had better community, educational, and recreational services than many other Negev ]s.<ref>{{Cite journal | url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2009/1231/In-Israel-embattled-Sderot-comes-back-to-life-after-rocket-barrages-of-Gaza-war |title = In Israel, embattled Sderot comes back to life after rocket barrages of Gaza war|journal = Christian Science Monitor|date = 2009-12-31}}</ref> The city sustained rocket fire on occasion over the following years, including during ].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/in-rocket-battered-sderot-waiting-for-the-next-war/ | title=In rocket-battered Sderot, waiting for the next war| website=]}}</ref>
Israeli poet ] was born in Sderot,<ref name="jpost.com"/> as well as the actor and entertainer ]. Adaf dedicated a poem to the city in his 1997 book ''Icarus' Monologue''.


In 2010, after a decline in charitable donations, the municipality revealed that it was on the verge of bankruptcy.<ref name="haaretz2010" />
Documentary filmmaker ], currently living in Sderot, is making a film entitled '']'', scheduled for release in 2009, that focuses on young musicians living under the daily threat of Qassams.<ref>{{cite web|title=Documentary Pulls Back Iron Curtain|author=Zaitchik, Alexander|publisher=]|date=2008-03-16|url=http://www.forward.com/articles/13398/|accessdate=2008-10-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rebel With a Cause|author=Fuma, Simona|publisher=World Jewish Digest|date=2008-04-23|url=http://www.worldjewishdigest.com/ME2/dirmod.asp?sid=&nm=&type=Publishing&mod=Publications%3A%3AArticle&mid=8F3A7027421841978F18BE895F87F791&tier=4&id=0A6EBD249B8C4CF49401601D6627FC42|accessdate=2008-10-20}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Only Thirty-Six Hours in Sderot|author=Lash Balint, Judy|publisher=San Diego Jewish World|date=2008-03-02|url=http://www.jewishsightseeing.com/2008-SDJW/20080302-jewish-sun53.html#Balint|accessdate=2008-10-20}}</ref>


] exhibition in Sderot, 2019]]
== Demographics ==
According to CBS, in 2001 the ethnic makeup of the city was 99.8% ]ish, without significant ] population. There were 9,500 males and 9,700 females. The age distribution of the city was as follows: 36.5% 19 years of age or younger, 16.2% between 20 and 29, 19.6% between 30 and 44, 14.3% from 45 to 59, 3.8% from 60 to 64, and 9.5% 65 years of age or older. The population growth rate in 2004 was 0.7%.


In 2011, a Sderot resident filed a million dollar lawsuit against two Canadian organizations raising funds for a Canadian ship to join the ]. According to the lawyers, "The Canadian Boat's raison d'être is to aid and abet the terrorist organization that rules Gaza." The suit alleges that these actions violate Canadian laws that prohibit aid to terror groups.<ref name="jpost-friedman" />
A number of Palestinian Arab collaborators from the Gaza Strip were resettled in Sderot beginning in 1997 after cooperating with the ].<ref>{{cite web|author=Hadad, Shmulik|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3406314,00.html|title=Palestinian Collaborator: Terrorists Only Understand Force|publisher=]|date=2007-05-30|accessdate=2008-10-20}}</ref>

{{Anchor|Sderot cinema}}"Sderot cinema" is a name given to gatherings at a hill in Sderot, where over 50 locals would come to watch the bombing of the ] during the last four wars.<ref name="McKernan">{{cite web |quote=On a panoramic ridge facing west on the edge of town, home to a nursery school, Sderot's residents used to gather during the four previous wars between Israel and Hamas since the group seized control of the strip in 2007. They had cheered and whistled as the bombs rained down on Gaza's trapped civilians, sipping beers and settling in as though watching a fireworks display as the conflicts unfolded less than a mile away in Beit Hanoun, a town in the strip’s north-east corner during the ]. |first1=Bethan |last1=McKernan |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/04/four-weeks-on-horror-lingers-in-israels-silent-kibbutzim |title=Four weeks on, horror lingers in Israel's silent kibbutzim |work= ] |date=2023-11-04 |accessdate=2023-11-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2014/07/13/israel-sderot-gaza_n_5582032.html|title=These Israelis Eat Popcorn At 'Sderot Cinema' As They Watch Bombs Fall On Gaza|work=The Huffington Post UK|date=2014-07-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news.com.au/world/middle-east/locals-cheer-bombing-from-sderot-cinema-as-israel-steps-up-attacks-on-hamas-in-gaza-strip/story-fnh81ifq-1226988013066|title=Popcorn at front-row seats of war|date=13 July 2014|work=NewsComAu}}</ref> The name was coined by a Danish journalist who snapped a photo of it and posted it on ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/media/digital/2014/07/12/Picture-purporting-to-show-Israelis-cheering-missile-Gaza-strikes-goes-viral.html|title=Al Aravya: 'Sderot cinema:' Israelis watch latest from Gaza|work=alarabiya.net|date=12 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/2014-07-11/when-bombs-receive-applause|title=When bombs receive applause|work=Kristeligt Dagblad|date=2014-07-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jpost.com/Operation-Protective-Edge/Twitter-photo-showing-Israelis-cheering-Gaza-bombing-goes-viral-362474|title=Twitter photo showing Israelis 'cheering' Gaza bombing goes viral|work=The Jerusalem Post - JPost.com|date=July 12, 2014 }}</ref> Similar events happened in ] in 2009,<ref>. New York Times, 14 July 2014</ref> after which some critics decided to refer to the hill as "Hill of Shame".<ref name="McKernan" /><ref>. Martin Fletcher and Yonit Farago, ], 13 January 2009</ref> Sderot residents have complained about the media portrayal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israelis-gather-hill-watch-gaza-strip-670043702|title=Viewers at 'Sderot cinema' complain over media portrayal|work=Middle East Eye}}</ref>

In May 2019, the ] held a special ] (aerial display) over Sderot (in addition to ] flypast), in order to salute the residents of Sderot who suffer continuously from ].

On October 7, 2023, ] gunmen ], engaging in firefights with Israeli police and civilians in the streets and occupying the town's police station.<ref>">{{Cite news |date=7 October 2023 |work=Trend News Agency |title=Armed group from Gaza seizes police station in Israel's Sderot |url=https://en.trend.az/world/israel/3808401.html |access-date=7 October 2023 }}</ref> About eighteen members of the Israeli police were killed during the fighting.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Zitun |first1=Yoav |last2=Curiel |first2=Ilana |last3=Ben Kimon |first3=Elisha |last4=Turgeman |first4=Meir |last5=Moskovitz |first5=Israel |last6=Green Shaulov |first6=Roni |date=2023-10-07 |title=Commanders, soldiers, police officers: The names of the heroes who died defending Israel |language=en |work=Ynetnews |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/s1rxsrj11a |access-date=2023-10-19}}</ref> Fighting continued through the night until security forces retook the police station, which was demolished in case more terrorists remained inside. Early estimates stated that at least 20 civilians were killed as they were waiting at bus stops, walking down the street, and driving in their cars.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Cardia |first1=Alexander |last2=Khavin |first2=Dmitriy |last3=Blumenfeld |first3=David |date=2023-10-10 |title=Video: 'Everyone Died': How Gunmen Killed Dozens In Sderot |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/video/world/middleeast/100000009124862/palestinian-gunmen-killing-sderot.html |access-date=2023-10-19 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Of the 36,000 residents of the city, 90% were evacuated during the days after the massacre.<ref name="Reborn">{{cite news |last1=Keinon |first1=Herb |title=Paradigms will need to shift for Sderot to be reborn - analysis |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-768509 |access-date=19 October 2023 |publisher=The Jerusalem Post |date=15 October 2023}}</ref>

==Demographics==
According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), in 2010 the city had a population of 21,900. The national makeup of the city was 94% ]ish, 5.5% other non-Arabs, and ] less than 1%. There were 10,600 males and 10,500 females. The population growth rate in 2010 was 0.5%.


==Economy== ==Economy==
In 2008, the average wage for a salaried worker in Sderot was {{Currency|5,261|ILS|linked=yes}}.<ref name="themarker-survey"/>
]
According to CBS figures for 2000, there were 6,301 salaried workers and 367 self-employed in Sderot. The mean monthly wage was ] 3,845, a real change of 9.0% over the course of 2000. Salaried males had a mean monthly wage of NIS 4,911 (a real change of 11.3%) versus NIS 2,665 for females (a real change of 2.4%). The mean income for the self-employed was NIS 5,378. 603 citizens received unemployment benefits and 3,183 received income supplements.


Hollandia International, founded in 1981, a company that manufacturers and exports high-end mattresses, moved its sole manufacturing center to Sderot 11 years ago. Due to the incessant rocket attacks, Hollandia has been forced to relocate.<ref>http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1200572482270&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull</ref> Hollandia International, founded in 1981, a company that manufactures and exports high-end mattresses, moved its sole manufacturing center to Sderot in the 1990s. After 11 years there, it decided in 2008 to relocate due to rocket attacks that hit the city and the factory.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hollandia factory to leave Sderot |date=20 January 2008 |url= https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/1,7340,L-3496320,00.html |work=] |access-date=8 October 2023}}</ref>


The ] plant in Sderot, opened in 1981, is the region's major employer, with 480 workers. 170 products are manufactured there, including ], ], Mana Hama instant noodle and rice dishes, instant soup powders, ], ketchup and sauces.<ref name="haaretz-tsoref" />
Sderot is also the first location in Israel to offer ] services, with a WiMAX service for educational institutions initiated on January 8, 2009 by the 012 Smile ISP and the ].<ref name="ynet-wimax">{{cite news|url=http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/1,7340,L-3451565,00.html|title=WiMax Experiment – Also in Sderot|publisher=]/TheCom|date=September 20, 2007|accessdate=2010-02-18}} {{he icon}}</ref>


The Menorah Candle factory located in Sderot exports ] candles all over the world.<ref name="haaretz-azoulay" />
The ] plant in Sderot, opened in 1981, is the region's major employer, with 480 workers. 170 products are manufactured there, including ], ], Mana Hama instant noodle and rice dishes, instant soup powders, ], ketchup and sauces.<ref></ref>


] maintains a research and development facility in Sderot,<ref name="nestle" /> established in 2002. Its production facilities for breakfast cereals are also located in Sderot.<ref name="ynet-nestle" />
The Menorah Candle factory located in Sderot exports ] candles all over the world.<ref>]]</ref>


] has a plant in the Sderot and an industrial zone is under development.<ref name="haaretz-backtolife"/>
] Also has a research and development facility in Sderot,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nestle.com/NestleResearch/GlobalRnD/ResearchCenters/RnDSderot.htm?wbc_purpose=Basic&WBCMODE=PresentationUnpublis|title=R&D Sderot, Israel |publisher=Nestle.com|date=|accessdate=2010-04-04}}</ref> established in 2002. Production facilities for Nestlé are also located in Sderot that produce breakfast cereals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3725743,00.html |title=Nestle producing new breakfast cereal in Sderot - Israel Business, Ynetnews |publisher=]|date=1995-06-20 |accessdate=2010-04-04}}</ref>


In 2012, the government approved nearly $59 million worth of economic benefits for Sderot to strengthen the economy, boost employment and subsidize psycho-social programs for the city's residents.<ref name="jta1" />
== Education ==
]
According to CBS, there are 14 schools and 3,578 students in the city. They are spread out as eleven elementary schools and 2,099 elementary school students, and six high schools and 1,479 high school students. 56.5% of 12th grade students were entitled to a matriculation certificate in 2001. Rafeeque Ansari. ]<ref></ref> and the ] are located in Sderot.


==Culture==
==International relations==
An unusually high ratio of singers, instrumentalists, composers and poets have come from Sderot.<ref name="jpost.com" />
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Israel}}
]
Several popular bands have been formed by musicians who practiced in Sderot's ] as teenagers.<ref name="haaretz-ben-shimon" /><ref name="thejewishweek1" /><ref name="saada-ophir" /> As an immigrant town with high unemployment experiencing a dramatic musical success, as bands blend international sounds with the music of their ], it has been compared to Liverpool in the 1960s.<ref name="somethingjewish1" /><ref name="sderotmotive" /> Among the notable bands are ]<ref name="teapacks" /> ] and ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.israel-music.com/sefatayim/ |title=Sefatayim |publisher=Israel-music.com |access-date=2010-04-04}}</ref> Well-known musicians from Sderot include ], ], ] and ].
The winner of the Israeli version of "]" 2011 was ], a local Sderot singer of ] origin.


Israeli poet ] was born in Sderot,<ref name="jpost.com"/> as well as the actor and entertainer ]. Adaf dedicated a poem to the city in his 1997 book ''Icarus' Monologue''.
===Twin towns – sister cities===
Sderot is ] with:
* {{Flagicon|France}} ], ]


In 2007, Jewish-American documentary filmmaker ] immigrated to Israel, and decided to settle in Sderot "to find out what it means to live in a never-ending war, and to document the lives and music of musicians under fire".<ref name="israel21c" /> Her film '']'' focuses on young musicians living under the daily threat of Qassams.<ref name="forward1" /><ref name="wjd1" /><ref name="sdjw1" />
==Notable residents==

*], former defense minister
Politically, the town leans heavily to the right.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/likud-in-jerusalem-zionist-union-in-tel-aviv/|title=Likud in Jerusalem, Zionist Union in Tel Aviv|work=The Times of Israel}}</ref>
*], lead singer of ]

==Transportation==
]]]
Sderot is accessible by ] and Route 232.

The ], a new railway line which connected Sderot with ] and ], was inaugurated in December 2013. The ] located on the outskirts of the city at the southern entrance, was opened on December 24, 2013. It is the first in Israel to be armored against rocket fire.<ref name="timesofisrael1" />

==Education==
]
According to CBS, there are 14 schools and 3,578 students in the city. They are spread out as eleven elementary schools and 2,099 elementary school students, and six high schools and 1,479 high school students.{{clarify|date=October 2023|reason=11+6=17, not 14 schools}} 56.5% of 12th grade students were entitled to a matriculation certificate in 2001. ]<ref name="sapir" /> and the ] are located in Sderot. All schools in the city and 120 bus stops have been fortified against missile attacks.<ref name="jpost-dudkevitch" />

==Twin towns – sister cities==
Sderot is ] with:
*{{flagicon|FRA}} ], ]
*{{flagicon|GER}} ], ]<ref> June 10, 2009. Retrieved August 23, 2012.</ref>

==People==<!-- Please respect alphabetical order -->
*], model *], model
*], beauty queen, and former Miss Israel
*]
*] *], musician
*], politician former defense minister
*]
*] *], singer
*]
*]


==See also== ==See also==
* ] * ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]


== References == ==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
;Notes
<ref name="bbc1">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7140784.stm|title=Israeli Mayor Quits Over Rockets|publisher=BBC Online|date=2007-12-12|access-date=2008-10-20}}</ref>
{{reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=
<ref name="forward1">{{cite news |title=Documentary Pulls Back Iron Curtain| last=Zaitchik |first=Alexander |publisher=] |date=2008-03-16|url=http://www.forward.com/articles/13398/|access-date=2008-10-20}}</ref>
<ref name="cbs populations">{{cite web|url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/population/new_2010/table3.pdf|format=PDF|publisher=]|title=Table 3 - Population of Localities Numbering Above 2,000 Residents and Other Rural Population|date=2010-06-30|accessdate=2010-11-13}}</ref>
<ref name="ynet-sderot1">{{cite news|author=Hadad, Shmulik|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3520956,00.html|title=Sderot: Those Who Can Afford It Have Already Left|publisher=]|date=2008-03-19|accessdate=2008-10-20}}</ref> <ref name="Haaretz">{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/948044.html |title=Israeli mission in N.Y. displays 4,200 balloons, one for each Qassam |work=Haaretz |date=January 25, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226091214/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/948044.html |archive-date=February 26, 2009 }}</ref>
<ref name="haaretz-rockets1">{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/959907.html|title=2 Israelis Lightly Wounded as 33 Rockets Slam in Western Negev|publisher=]|accessdate=2009-01-16}}</ref> <ref name="haaretz-azoulay">{{cite news |last=Azoulay |first=Yuval |url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/hanukkah-miracles-all-around-1.2332 |title=Hanukkah miracles all around |newspaper=Haaretz |date=2009-12-11 |access-date=2014-02-05}}</ref>
<ref name="haaretz-backtolife">{{cite news |author=Arik Mirovsky |date= July 30, 2012 |url=http://www.haaretz.com/business/sderot-comes-back-to-life-1.454558 |title=Sderot comes back to life |work=] |access-date=February 5, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="ap-rockets1">]: , Jan. 11, 2009</ref>
<ref name="zionism-israel">{{cite web|url=http://zionism-israel.com/vic/Sderot_Qassam_Statistics_Summary_2007.htm|title=Qassam Rockets - Background and Statistics|publisher=Zionism-Israel.com|accessdate=2008-10-20}}</ref> <ref name="haaretz-ben-shimon">{{cite news |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/sounds-from-another-country-1.232788 |title=Sounds from another country |author=Cobi Ben-Simhon |work=Haaretz |date=August 8, 2007 |access-date=February 5, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="haaretz-rapoport">{{cite news |last=Rapoport |first=Meron |url=http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/week-s-end/the-pioneers-of-sderot-1.221380 |title=The Pioneers of Sderot |publisher=Haaretz |date=2007-05-25 |access-date=2014-02-05}}</ref>
<ref name="heeb"></ref>
<ref name="haaretz-sharfman">{{cite news |last=Sharfman |first=Jake |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/tiny-organization-fights-to-make-sderot-s-voice-heard-1.1883 |title=Tiny organization fights to make Sderot's voice heard|publisher=]|date=2009-12-17 |access-date=2012-06-07}}</ref>
<ref name="khalidi128">], p. 128</ref>
<ref name="haaretz-tsoref">{{cite news |last=Tsoref |first=Ayala |url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/business/nestle-honcho-drops-in-to-see-bamba-baby-1.282752 |title=Nestle honcho drops in to see Bamba baby |newspaper=Haaretz |date=2009-08-27 |access-date=2014-02-05}}</ref>
<ref name="haaretz2010">{{cite news |url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/rocket-battered-sderot-faces-bankruptcy-1.265304 |author=Yanir Yagna |title=Rocket-battered Sderot faces bankruptcy |newspaper=Haaretz |date=March 24, 2010 |access-date=February 5, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="hareuveni908">], p. 908</ref> <ref name="hareuveni908">], p. 908</ref>
<ref name="heeb">{{cite web|url=http://www.heebmagazine.com/gimme-shelter-2/ |title=Gimme shelter |publisher=Heebmagazine.com |date=2009-03-24 |access-date=2012-06-07}}</ref>
<ref name="iht">{{cite news|last=Kershner |first=Isabel |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/05/31/europe/town.php |title=Israeli Border Town Lives in the Shadow of Falling Rockets |publisher=International Herald Tribune |date=2007-05-31 |access-date=2008-10-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080308110211/http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/05/31/europe/town.php |archive-date=March 8, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="infolive">{{cite news |publisher=infolive.tv |url=http://www.infolive.tv/en/infolive.tv-10224-israelnews-el-als-ace-hat-boeing-777|title=Boeing 777 Named for Sderot|date=2007-07-31|access-date=2008-10-20}}</ref>
<ref name="israel21c">{{cite web| url=http://www.israel21c.org/bin/en.jsp?enDispWho=Articles^l2421&enPage=BlankPage&enDisplay=view&enDispWhat=object&enVersion=0&enZone=Culture&| title=Rockets may fall, but Sderot continues to rock| access-date=2009-01-31| date=2009-01-15| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124063839/http://israel21c.org/bin/en.jsp?enDispWho=Articles%5El2421&enPage=BlankPage&enDisplay=view&enDispWhat=object&enVersion=0&enZone=Culture&| archive-date=2009-01-24}}</ref>
<ref name="israelinsider-sackett">{{cite web|last=Sackett |first=Shmuel |url=http://web.israelinsider.com/views/12461.htm |title=23 Years and 6,311 Rockets |website=web.israelinsider.com |date=2007-12-07 |access-date=2008-10-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706010805/http://web.israelinsider.com/Views/12461.htm |archive-date=2008-07-06 }}</ref>
<ref name="JC">, David Russell, The Jewish Chronicle, Published May 23, 2008.</ref>
<ref name="JPost">{{cite news|url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1201070786324&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull |title=Balloon for each Kassam on UN doorstep |author=Itamar Sharon |work=The Jerusalem Post |date=January 24, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813132408/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1201070786324&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull |archive-date=August 13, 2011 |access-date=February 5, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="jpost.com">{{cite news|url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?apage=1&cid=1150885827590&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull |title=Grapevine: Away from the rockets' red glare |author=Geer Fay Cashman |date=June 24, 2006 |work=The Jerusalem Post |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813132508/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?apage=1&cid=1150885827590&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull |archive-date=August 13, 2011 |access-date=February 5, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="jpost-dudkevitch">{{cite news |author=Margot Dudkevitch |date=15 November 2011 |url=http://www.jpost.com/Jerusalem-Report/Israel/Living-under-the-rockets-roar |title=Living under the rocket's roar |publisher=Jpost.com |work=The Jerusalem Report |access-date=2012-06-07}}</ref>
<ref name="jpost-friedman">{{cite news |last=Friedman |first=Ron |url=http://www.jpost.com/Diplomacy-and-Politics/Sderot-rocket-victims-sue-Gaza-flotilla-organizers |title=Sderot rocket victims sue Gaza flotilla organizers |publisher=The Jerusalem Post |date=June 8, 2011 |access-date=2014-02-05}}</ref>
<ref name="jpost-leavetown">{{cite news|url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1192380747715&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull |title=3,000 Sderot Residents Have Left Town |publisher=] |date=2007-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813132303/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1192380747715&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull |archive-date=August 13, 2011 |access-date=2014-02-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="jta1">{{cite news|author=Marcy Oster |date=January 1, 2012 |url=http://www.jta.org/news/article/2012/01/01/3090976/sderot-and-environs-get-59-million-in-government-benefits-for-2012 |title=Sderot and environs get $59 million in gov't benefits for '12 |publisher=Jta.org |access-date=2012-06-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114030721/http://www.jta.org/news/article/2012/01/01/3090976/sderot-and-environs-get-59-million-in-government-benefits-for-2012 |archive-date=2012-11-14 }}</ref>
<ref name="morris1">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C |first=Benny |last=Morris |author-link=Benny Morris |year=2004 |title=The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited|isbn=978-0-521-00967-6 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=}}</ref>

<!--<ref name="khalidi128">Khalidi (1992), p. 128</ref>-->

<ref name="natal">{{cite web|author=Ginter, Davida|url=http://www.natal.org.il/?CategoryID=244&ArticleID=316&Page=8 |title=כך הפקירה המדינה את נפגעי החרדה |publisher=Natal.org.il |date=2007-11-26 |access-date=2012-06-07}}</ref>
<ref name="nestle">{{cite web|url=http://www.nestle.com/NestleResearch/GlobalRnD/ResearchCenters/RnDSderot.htm?wbc_purpose=Basic&WBCMODE=PresentationUnpublis|title=R&D Sderot, Israel|publisher=Nestle.com|access-date=2010-04-04}}{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
<ref name="saada-ophir">"Borderland Pop: Arab Jewish Musicians and the Politics of Performance", Galit Saada-Ophir, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, ''Cultural Anthropology'' Volume 21 Issue 2, Pages 205–233, 7 Jan 2008</ref>
<ref name="sapir"> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113110152/http://eng.sapir.ac.il/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86&Itemid=157 |date=January 13, 2010 }}</ref>
<ref name="sasson137">], p. 137</ref> <ref name="sasson137">], p. 137</ref>
<ref name="sderotmedia">{{cite web |last=Silverman |first=Anav |url=http://sderotmedia.com/?p=372|title=A City Under Siege: An Inside View of Sderot, Israel|publisher=Sderot Media Center|date=2007-09-20|access-date=2008-10-20}}</ref>
<ref name="sderotmotive">{{cite web|url=http://sderotmovie.com/blog/2008/12/13/a-year-in-sderot |title=The Official Sderot Movie Website :: Movie : Music : Musicians |publisher=Sderotmovie.com |date=2008-12-13 |access-date=2010-04-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100312093604/http://sderotmovie.com/blog/2008/12/13/a-year-in-sderot/ |archive-date=2010-03-12 }}</ref>
<ref name="sdjw1">{{cite news|title=Only Thirty-Six Hours in Sderot|last=Lash Balint|first=Judy|publisher=]|date=2008-03-02|url=http://www.jewishsightseeing.com/2008-SDJW/20080302-jewish-sun53.html#Balint|access-date=2008-10-20|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080830025806/http://jewishsightseeing.com/2008-SDJW/20080302-jewish-sun53.html#Balint|archive-date=2008-08-30}}</ref>
<ref name="somethingjewish1">, Caroline Westbrook, something Jewish, 09/05/2007</ref>
<ref name="teapacks">{{cite web|url=http://www.teapacks.com |title=teapacks |publisher=teapacks |access-date=2010-04-04}}</ref>
<ref name="test">, AP Images, Published January 2008. {{subscription required}}</ref>
<ref name="thejewishweek1">{{cite web|url=http://www.thejewishweek.com/viewArticle/c52_a12477/Editorial__Opinion/Gary_Rosenblatt.html#|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507094241/http://www.thejewishweek.com/viewArticle/c52_a12477/Editorial__Opinion/Gary_Rosenblatt.html%23|url-status=dead|title=Sderot, A Love Story, The Jewish Week, Gary Rosenblatt, 06/18/2008|archive-date=May 7, 2009|access-date=August 18, 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="themarker-survey">{{cite web |last=Aizescu |first=Sivan |url=http://english.themarker.com/survey-consumers-in-the-sticks-are-paying-through-the-nose-1.384320 |title=Survey: Consumers in the sticks are paying through the nose |publisher=English.themarker.com |date=2008-04-02 |access-date=2012-06-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111219192208/http://english.themarker.com/survey-consumers-in-the-sticks-are-paying-through-the-nose-1.384320 |archive-date=2011-12-19 }}</ref>
<ref name="timesofisrael1">{{cite web|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/first-train-arrives-in-sderot-from-tel-aviv/|title=In first, Sderot train chugs into rocket-protected station|work=The Times of Israel}}</ref>
<ref name="ukinisrael.fco.gov.uk">{{cite web|url=http://ukinisrael.fco.gov.uk/en/news/?view=PressR&id=603684582 |title=Ambassador visits Sderot, impressed by 'spirit of town' |publisher=Ukinisrael.fco.gov.uk |access-date=2012-06-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318232754/http://ukinisrael.fco.gov.uk/en/news/?view=PressR&id=603684582 |archive-date=2012-03-18 }}</ref>
<ref name="wjd1">{{cite news |title=Rebel With a Cause|last=Fuma |first=Simona |publisher=World Jewish Digest|date=2008-04-23|url=http://www.worldjewishdigest.com/ME2/dirmod.asp?sid=&nm=&type=Publishing&mod=Publications%3A%3AArticle&mid=8F3A7027421841978F18BE895F87F791&tier=4&id=0A6EBD249B8C4CF49401601D6627FC42|access-date=2008-10-20}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>
<ref name="Ynet">, By Neta Sela, Ynet News, January 24, 2008.</ref>
<ref name="ynet-hadad">{{cite news |last=Hadad |first=Shmulik |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3406314,00.html |title=Palestinian Collaborator: Terrorists Only Understand Force |publisher=] |date=2007-05-30 |access-date=2008-10-20}}</ref>
<ref name="ynet-nestle">{{cite news |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3725743,00.html |title=Nestle producing new breakfast cereal in Sderot - Israel Business, Ynetnews |publisher=]|date=1995-06-20 |access-date=2010-04-04}}</ref>
<ref name="ynet-sderot1">{{cite news|last=Hadad |first=Shmulik |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3520956,00.html |title=Sderot: Those Who Can Afford It Have Already Left |publisher=] |date=2008-03-19 |access-date=2008-10-20}}</ref>
<ref name="zionism-israel">{{cite web|url=http://zionism-israel.com/vic/Sderot_Qassam_Statistics_Summary_2007.htm|title=Qassam Rockets&nbsp;— Background and Statistics|publisher=Zionism-Israel.com|access-date=2008-10-20}}</ref>
}} }}


==Bibliography==
;References
* <span class="citation" id="refHaReuveni">{{cite book|author=HaReuveni, Immanuel|year=1999|title=Lexicon of the Land of Israel|publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth Publishing|isbn=965-448-413-7}} {{he icon}}</span> * {{cite book |last=HaReuveni |first=Immanuel |year=1999 |title=Lexicon of the Land of Israel|publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth Publishing|isbn=965-448-413-7|language=he |ref=refHaReuveni}}
* {{cite book |editor=Avi Sasson |year=2010 |title=Sderot |publisher=Ariel Publishing and Makom Company|language=he |ref=refSasson}}
* <span class="citation" id="refKhalidi">{{cite book|author=Khalidi, Walid|authorlink=Walid Khalidi|year=1992|title=All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948}}</span>
* <span class="citation" id="refSasson">{{cite book|author=Sasson, Avi ed.|year=2010|title=Sderot|publisher=Ariel Publishing and Makom Company}} {{he icon}}</span>


==External links== ==External links==
{{commonscat|Sderot}} {{Commons category|Sderot}}
* * {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926211356/http://sderot.worldmedianetworks.com/ |date=September 26, 2015 }}
* *
* *
* Sderot; The Movie, *
* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016013121/http://www.short.co.il/ |date=October 16, 2016 }}
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{{South District (Israel)}} {{South District (Israel)}}
{{Largest Israeli cities}}
{{Authority control}}


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Latest revision as of 01:00, 22 October 2024

This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. (October 2023)
City in Israel
Sderot
  • שְׂדֵרוֹת‎
  • سديروت
City (from 1996)
Hebrew transcription(s)
 • ISO 259Śderot
Official logo of Sderot
Sderot is located in Northwest Negev region of IsraelSderotSderotShow map of Northwest Negev region of IsraelSderot is located in IsraelSderotSderotShow map of Israel
Coordinates: 31°31′22″N 34°35′43″E / 31.52278°N 34.59528°E / 31.52278; 34.59528
Country Israel
DistrictSouthern
Founded1951
Government
 • MayorAlon Davidi
Area
 • Total4,472 dunams (4.472 km or 1.727 sq mi)
Population
 • Total33,002
 • Density7,400/km (19,000/sq mi)
Name meaningBoulevards/avenues

Sderot (Hebrew: שְׂדֵרוֹת, pronounced [sdeˈʁot], lit. 'boulevards'; Arabic: سديروت, sometimes Romanized as "Sederot") is a western Negev city and former development town in the Southern District of Israel. In 2022, it had a population of 33,002.

Sderot is located less than a mile from Gaza (the closest point is 840 m (2,760 ft)), and is notable for having been a major target of Qassam rocket attacks from the Gaza Strip. Between 2001 and 2008, rocket attacks on the city killed 13 people, wounded dozens, caused millions of dollars in damage and profoundly disrupted daily life. Although rocket fire subsided after the Gaza War (2008–09), the city has come under rocket attack on occasion since that time.

Geography

Sderot lies 1 kilometre (0.62 miles) from the Gaza Strip and the town of Beit Hanoun.

History

20th century

The Israeli Negev Brigade had depopulated the area on which Sderot would be built on between the 2nd and 13th of May 1948, during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, expelling the 422 Muslim farmers there who cultivated citrus, bananas and cereals from the Palestinian village of Najd. The latter were relocated in Gaza as refugees.

Sderot was founded in 1951 as a transit camp for Israeli immigrants, primarily from Kurdistan and Iran. It was originally called Gabim Dorot and housed 80 families. It was later renamed Sderot, a symbolic nod to the numerous avenues of trees planted in the Negev to combat desertification and beautify the arid landscape. Like many localities in the Negev, a green motif was chosen in keeping with the Zionist vision of "making the desert bloom."

The development served as part of a chain of settlements designed to block infiltration from Gaza. Permanent housing was completed three years later, in 1954.

School in Sderot, early 1950s

From the mid-1950s, the town attracted many Moroccan Jews. Romanian Jewish immigrants also began settling in Sderot. In 1956, Sderot was recognized as a local council. In the 1961 census, North African immigrants, mostly from Morocco, made up 87% of the population, with 11% from Kurdistan.

Palestinian rocket attacks
on Israel
A rocket fired from a civilian area in Gaza towards civilian areas in Southern IsraelA rocket fired from the Gaza Strip
into Israel, 2008
By year (list)
Groups responsible
Rocket types
Cities affected
Regional Council areas affected
Settlements affected (evacuated)
Defense and response
See also

Sderot absorbed another large wave of immigrants, from the former Soviet Union, during the 1990s post-Soviet aliyah. Immigrants from Ethiopia also arrived during this time, doubling its population. In 1996, it was declared a city. A number of Palestinians from the Gaza Strip were resettled in Sderot beginning in 1997 after cooperating with the Shin Bet.

21st century

See also: 2023 Israel–Hamas war
The remnants of Qassam rockets fired on Sderot
Iron Dome rocket defense battery near Sderot
Sderot is located in the 10–15 sec of Grad rocket range
A factory burns in Sderot after a rocket attack from the Gaza Strip in June 2014

From 2001, in the beginning stage of the Second Intifada, the city was a target for rockets from the Gaza Strip. Rocket fire intensified after the Israeli disengagement from Gaza in 2005, with the city sustaining constant rocket fire from Qassam rockets launched by Hamas and Islamic Jihad.

In May 2007, a significant increase in shelling from Gaza prompted the temporary evacuation of thousands of residents. By November 23, 2007, 6,311 rockets had fallen on the city. Yediot Ahronoth reported that during the summer of 2007, 3,000 of the city's 22,000 residents (consisting mostly of the city's key upper and middle class residents) left for other areas, out of Qassam rocket range. Russian billionaire Arcadi Gaydamak organised a series of relief programs for residents unable to leave. On December 12, 2007, after more than 20 rockets landed in the Sderot area in a single day, including a direct hit to one of the main avenues, Sderot mayor Eli Moyal announced his resignation, citing the government's failure to halt the rocket attacks. Moyal was persuaded to retract his resignation.

In a gesture of solidarity, El Al (Israel's national airline) named one of its Boeing 777 passenger planes Sderot (4X-ECE).

In January 2008, the Jewish Community Relations Council of New York organized a display of 4,200 red balloons outside the headquarters of the United Nations. Each balloon represented a Qassam rocket that had been fired into Sderot, where for years the town and its surrounding area have been under near-constant bombardment by thousands of rockets and mortar shells fired from Gaza. Consul David Saranga, who conceptualized the display, said he used the balloons as an opportunity to call upon the international community to stop ignoring what's happening in Israel. The balloon display made headlines in New York City papers as well as international publications.

In January 2008, British journalist Seth Freedman of The Guardian described Sderot as a city of near-deserted streets and empty malls and cafes. In March 2008, the mayor said that the population had dropped by 10–15%, while aid organizations said the figure was closer to 25%. Many of the families that remained were those who could not afford to move out or were unable to sell their homes. Studies found that air raid sirens and explosions have caused severe psychological trauma in some residents. According to a study carried out at Sapir Academic College in 2007, some 75% of residents aged 4–18 were suffering from PTSD, including sleeping disorders and severe anxiety, in the wake of rocket attacks on the city, and 1,000 residents were receiving psychiatric treatment at the community mental health center. From mid-June 2007 to mid-February 2008, 771 rockets and 857 mortar bombs were fired at Sderot and the western Negev, an average of three or four each a day.

During the Gaza War in December 2008 and January 2009, between 50 and 60 rockets were fired at Sderot per week, causing about half the city's residents to temporarily evacuate. The war ended regular rocket fire from Gaza and the city experienced a revitalization. By 2009, demand for apartments was outweighing supply, a new sports complex largely funded by donor aid had opened, a new shopping mall was being built, and the assistance that the city had received due to concern over the years of rocket fire meant that Sderot now had better community, educational, and recreational services than many other Negev development towns. The city sustained rocket fire on occasion over the following years, including during Operation Protective Edge.

In 2010, after a decline in charitable donations, the municipality revealed that it was on the verge of bankruptcy.

Israel Defense Forces exhibition in Sderot, 2019

In 2011, a Sderot resident filed a million dollar lawsuit against two Canadian organizations raising funds for a Canadian ship to join the Gaza flotilla. According to the lawyers, "The Canadian Boat's raison d'être is to aid and abet the terrorist organization that rules Gaza." The suit alleges that these actions violate Canadian laws that prohibit aid to terror groups.

"Sderot cinema" is a name given to gatherings at a hill in Sderot, where over 50 locals would come to watch the bombing of the Gaza strip during the last four wars. The name was coined by a Danish journalist who snapped a photo of it and posted it on Twitter. Similar events happened in Operation Cast Lead in 2009, after which some critics decided to refer to the hill as "Hill of Shame". Sderot residents have complained about the media portrayal.

In May 2019, the Israeli Air Force held a special flypast (aerial display) over Sderot (in addition to Yom Ha'atzmaut flypast), in order to salute the residents of Sderot who suffer continuously from Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel.

On October 7, 2023, Hamas gunmen attacked Sderot, engaging in firefights with Israeli police and civilians in the streets and occupying the town's police station. About eighteen members of the Israeli police were killed during the fighting. Fighting continued through the night until security forces retook the police station, which was demolished in case more terrorists remained inside. Early estimates stated that at least 20 civilians were killed as they were waiting at bus stops, walking down the street, and driving in their cars. Of the 36,000 residents of the city, 90% were evacuated during the days after the massacre.

Demographics

According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), in 2010 the city had a population of 21,900. The national makeup of the city was 94% Jewish, 5.5% other non-Arabs, and Arabs less than 1%. There were 10,600 males and 10,500 females. The population growth rate in 2010 was 0.5%.

Economy

In 2008, the average wage for a salaried worker in Sderot was ₪5,261.

Hollandia International, founded in 1981, a company that manufactures and exports high-end mattresses, moved its sole manufacturing center to Sderot in the 1990s. After 11 years there, it decided in 2008 to relocate due to rocket attacks that hit the city and the factory.

The Osem plant in Sderot, opened in 1981, is the region's major employer, with 480 workers. 170 products are manufactured there, including Bamba, Bisli, Mana Hama instant noodle and rice dishes, instant soup powders, shkedei marak, ketchup and sauces.

The Menorah Candle factory located in Sderot exports Hanukkah candles all over the world.

Nestlé maintains a research and development facility in Sderot, established in 2002. Its production facilities for breakfast cereals are also located in Sderot.

Amdocs has a plant in the Sderot and an industrial zone is under development.

In 2012, the government approved nearly $59 million worth of economic benefits for Sderot to strengthen the economy, boost employment and subsidize psycho-social programs for the city's residents.

Culture

An unusually high ratio of singers, instrumentalists, composers and poets have come from Sderot.

Harp sculpture, Sderot town square

Several popular bands have been formed by musicians who practiced in Sderot's bomb shelters as teenagers. As an immigrant town with high unemployment experiencing a dramatic musical success, as bands blend international sounds with the music of their Moroccan immigrant parents, it has been compared to Liverpool in the 1960s. Among the notable bands are Teapacks Knesiyat Hasekhel and Sfatayim. Well-known musicians from Sderot include Shlomo Bar, Kobi Oz, Haïm Ulliel and Smadar Levi. The winner of the Israeli version of "American Idol" 2011 was Hagit Yaso, a local Sderot singer of Ethiopian origin.

Israeli poet Shimon Adaf was born in Sderot, as well as the actor and entertainer Maor Cohen. Adaf dedicated a poem to the city in his 1997 book Icarus' Monologue.

In 2007, Jewish-American documentary filmmaker Laura Bialis immigrated to Israel, and decided to settle in Sderot "to find out what it means to live in a never-ending war, and to document the lives and music of musicians under fire". Her film Sderot: Rock in the Red Zone focuses on young musicians living under the daily threat of Qassams.

Politically, the town leans heavily to the right.

Transportation

Sderot railway station

Sderot is accessible by Highway 34 and Route 232.

The Ashkelon–Beersheba railway, a new railway line which connected Sderot with Tel Aviv and Beersheba, was inaugurated in December 2013. The Sderot railway station located on the outskirts of the city at the southern entrance, was opened on December 24, 2013. It is the first in Israel to be armored against rocket fire.

Education

Sapir Academic College

According to CBS, there are 14 schools and 3,578 students in the city. They are spread out as eleven elementary schools and 2,099 elementary school students, and six high schools and 1,479 high school students. 56.5% of 12th grade students were entitled to a matriculation certificate in 2001. Sapir Academic College and the Hesder Yeshiva of Sderot are located in Sderot. All schools in the city and 120 bus stops have been fortified against missile attacks.

Twin towns – sister cities

Sderot is twinned with:

People

See also

References

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Bibliography

  • HaReuveni, Immanuel (1999). Lexicon of the Land of Israel (in Hebrew). Yedioth Ahronoth Publishing. ISBN 965-448-413-7.
  • Avi Sasson, ed. (2010). Sderot (in Hebrew). Ariel Publishing and Makom Company.

External links

Southern District of Israel
Cities
Local councils
Regional councils
See also
Israeli cities
300,000+
200,000–299,999
100,000–199,999
50,000–99,999
15,000–49,999
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