Misplaced Pages

Alexander Smakula: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 18:16, 27 December 2010 editRkononenko (talk | contribs)895 editsNo edit summary← Previous edit Latest revision as of 15:50, 30 October 2024 edit undoMonkbot (talk | contribs)Bots3,695,952 editsm Task 20: replace {lang-??} templates with {langx|??} ‹See Tfd› (Replaced 1);Tag: AWB 
(70 intermediate revisions by 46 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{short description|Ukrainian physicist}}
{{Infobox scientist {{Infobox scientist
| name = Alexander Smakula | name = Alexander Smakula
| image = Replace this image male.svg | image = Olexander Smakula.jpg
| image_width = | image_size =
| caption = | caption =
| birth_date = 1900 | birth_date = 9 September 1900
| birth_place = Dobrovody, ] (today ]) | birth_place = ], ] (today ])
| death_date = 17 May 1983 | death_date = 17 May 1983
| death_place = ], ] | death_place = ], ]
| nationality = ] ]
| residence = | residence =
| field = ] | field = ]
| work_institution = ]</br>]</br>] | work_institution = ]<br>]<br>]
| alma_mater = ] | alma_mater = ]
| doctoral_advisor = ] | doctoral_advisor = ]
| known_for = ] | known_for = ]
}} }}


'''Olexander Smakula''' ({{lang-uk|Олександр Теодорович Смакула}}, {{lang-ru|Александр Теодорович Смакула}}) (1900, ], ], today ] &ndash; 17 May 1983, ], ]) was a physicist of ] ethnicity best known for the discovery of ] of lenses. '''Alexander Smakula''' ({{langx|uk|Олександр Теодорович Смакула}}) (1900 in ], ], today ] – 17 May 1983 in ], ]) was a ] physicist known for the invention of ] based on ].


==Biography== ==Biography==
Smakula was born in Dobrovody village, ] (today ], ]) in a family of peasants. After finishing his studies at the Ternopil gymnasium he applied to the ] from which he graduated in 1927. Afterwards he worked as an assistant of Prof. ].After his short stay at the ] Alexander Smakula returned to Germany as a head of an optics laboratory in ]. From 1934 he worked at the ] company in ]. At those times, in 1935, Smakula invented and patented ] for lenses, which appeared to be a serious improvement in many optical devices. After the end of World War II Smakula went to the USA, where he first worked in Virginia investigating materials for infrared technology. In 1951 he got an offer of professorship at the ], where he mainly did research on crystals. Alexander Smakula died on May 17, 1983 and is buried in ], ]. Smakula was born to a peasant family in ] village, ] (today ], ]). After finishing his studies at the Ternopil gymnasium he applied to the ] from which he graduated in 1927. Afterwards he worked as an assistant of Prof. ]. After his short stay at ], Smakula returned to Germany as head of an optics laboratory in ]. From 1934 he worked at the ] company in ]. While at Zeiss, in 1935, Smakula invented and patented interference-based optical ]s, a significant advance in optical technology.<ref></ref><ref></ref> The patent mentions practically almost no light absorbing organic and inorganic materials can be used for such coatings.<ref>Patent {{cite patent |country=DE |number=685767 |pubdate=1935-11-01 |title=Verfahren zur Erhoehung der Lichtdurchlaessigkeit optischer Teile durch Erniedrigungdes Brechungsexponenten an den Grenzflaechen dieser optischen Teile |assign1= Zeiss Carl FA}}</ref>
These coatings remained a German military secret for several years, until the Allies discovered the secret during World War II.<ref></ref><ref></ref>
During World War II, Smakula collaborated with the Nazi regime and worked on ] for missiles. After the end of World War II Smakula went to the US with other German physicists, where he first worked in Virginia investigating materials for infrared technology. In 1951 he was offered a professorship at ], where he mainly did research into crystalline materials. Olexander Smakula died on May 17, 1983, and is buried in ], ].

==References==
{{Reflist}}


==External links== ==External links==
*
*
* *
* *
*
* (Russian)


{{Authority control}}
{{Lists of Russians}}


⚫ {{DEFAULTSORT:Smakula, Alexander }}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see ]. -->
| NAME =Smakula, Alexander
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH =
| PLACE OF BIRTH =Dobrovody, ] (today ])
| DATE OF DEATH =17 May 1983
| PLACE OF DEATH =], ]
}}
⚫ {{DEFAULTSORT:Smakula, Alexander}}
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
]
]
] ]
] ]
]

]
]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 15:50, 30 October 2024

Ukrainian physicist
Alexander Smakula
Born9 September 1900
Dobrovody, Austria-Hungary (today Ukraine)
Died17 May 1983
Auburn, Massachusetts, USA
Alma materUniversity of Göttingen
Known foranti-reflective coating
Scientific career
FieldsPhysicist
InstitutionsOdessa University
Carl Zeiss AG
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Doctoral advisorRobert Pohl

Alexander Smakula (Ukrainian: Олександр Теодорович Смакула) (1900 in Dobrovody, Austria-Hungary, today Ukraine – 17 May 1983 in Auburn, Massachusetts, USA) was a Ukrainian physicist known for the invention of anti-reflective lens coatings based on optical interference.

Biography

Smakula was born to a peasant family in Dobrovody village, Austria-Hungary (today Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine). After finishing his studies at the Ternopil gymnasium he applied to the University of Göttingen from which he graduated in 1927. Afterwards he worked as an assistant of Prof. Robert Pohl. After his short stay at Odessa University, Smakula returned to Germany as head of an optics laboratory in Heidelberg. From 1934 he worked at the Carl Zeiss AG company in Jena. While at Zeiss, in 1935, Smakula invented and patented interference-based optical anti-reflective coatings, a significant advance in optical technology. The patent mentions practically almost no light absorbing organic and inorganic materials can be used for such coatings. These coatings remained a German military secret for several years, until the Allies discovered the secret during World War II. During World War II, Smakula collaborated with the Nazi regime and worked on infrared guidance for missiles. After the end of World War II Smakula went to the US with other German physicists, where he first worked in Virginia investigating materials for infrared technology. In 1951 he was offered a professorship at MIT, where he mainly did research into crystalline materials. Olexander Smakula died on May 17, 1983, and is buried in Auburn, Massachusetts, USA.

References

  1. History of Camera Lenses from Carl Zeiss — 1935 — Olexander Smakula develops anti-reflection coating
  2. ROOTS AND WINGS with Boris Burda: Olexander Smakula from the Ternopil region – the inventor of the modern technology for antireflection coating
  3. Patent DE 685767, "Verfahren zur Erhoehung der Lichtdurchlaessigkeit optischer Teile durch Erniedrigungdes Brechungsexponenten an den Grenzflaechen dieser optischen Teile", published 1935-11-01, assigned to Zeiss Carl FA 
  4. A Brief History of Anti Reflective Coatings
  5. Camera Lens Anti-Reflection Coatings: Magic Explained

External links

Categories: