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{{Short description|Roman Catholic church in Vilnius, Lithuania}} | |||
{{Infobox religious building | {{Infobox religious building | ||
|building_name=St. Anne's Church<br /> |
| building_name = St. Anne's Church<br />''Šv. Onos bažnyčia'' | ||
| image = File:St. Anne's Church Exterior 3, Vilnius, Lithuania - Diliff.jpg | |||
|image=Vilnius.Sv.Onos baznycia.Saint Ann's church2.jpg | |||
|caption=Façade of Saint Anne's | | caption = Façade of Saint Anne's (2014) | ||
|location=], ] | | location = ], ] | ||
|geo={{coord|54|40|59|N|25|17|36|E|region:LT_type:landmark|display=title,inline}} | | geo = {{coord|54|40|59|N|25|17|36|E|region:LT_type:landmark|display=title,inline}} | ||
|religious_affiliation=] | | religious_affiliation = ] | ||
|district=] | | district = ] | ||
|consecration_year=1500 | | consecration_year = 1500 | ||
|status= | | status = | ||
|leadership= | | leadership = | ||
| website = | |||
|website= | |||
|architect |
| architect = ] | ||
|architecture_type=] | | architecture_type = ] | ||
|architecture_style=] and ] | | architecture_style = ] and ] | ||
|facade_direction=West | | facade_direction = West | ||
|year_completed=1500 | | year_completed = 1500 | ||
|construction_cost= | | construction_cost = | ||
|capacity= | | capacity = | ||
|length= | | length = | ||
|width= | | width = | ||
|width_nave= | | width_nave = | ||
|height_max= | | height_max = | ||
|dome_quantity= | | dome_quantity = | ||
|dome_height_outer= | | dome_height_outer = | ||
|dome_height_inner= | | dome_height_inner = | ||
|dome_dia_outer= | | dome_dia_outer = | ||
|dome_dia_inner= | | dome_dia_inner = | ||
|minaret_quantity= | | minaret_quantity = | ||
|minaret_height= | | minaret_height = | ||
|spire_quantity= | | spire_quantity = | ||
|spire_height= | | spire_height = | ||
|materials=clay bricks | | materials = clay bricks | ||
| footnotes = {{designation list | embed = yes | |||
| designation1 = WHS | |||
| designation1_offname = ] | |||
| designation1_date = 1994 | |||
| designation1_number = | |||
| designation1_criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(ii), (iv)}}(ii), (iv) | |||
| designation1_type = Cultural | |||
| designation1_free1name = UNESCO region | |||
| designation1_free1value = ] | |||
}} | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''St. Anne's Church''' ({{ |
'''St. Anne's Church''' ({{langx|lt|Šv. Onos bažnyčia}}; {{langx|pl|Kościół św. Anny}}) is a ] church in ]' ], on the right bank of the ] river established circa 1495–1500. It is a prominent example of both ] and ] styles. St. Anne's is a prominent landmark in the Vilnius Old Town that enabled the district to be named as a ] ],<ref>UNESCO World Heritage: Lithuanian masterpieces. </ref> and is one of the most interesting examples of ]. | ||
] | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
The first church at this site, |
The first church at this site, constructed of wood, was built for ], the first wife of ]. Originally intended for the use of ] ] and other visiting Catholics, it was destroyed by a fire in 1419. | ||
The present brick church was constructed on the initiative of the ] and ] ]<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061026174258/http://www.ldm.lt/TDM/Aleksandro_paroda.htm |date=2006-10-26 }}</ref> in 1495–1500; the exterior of the church has remained almost unchanged since then. | |||
According to a well-known legend, Emperor ], after seeing the church during the ], expressed a wish to carry the church home with him to ] 'in the palm of his hand'. The church was renovated in 1902–1909 when the side arches were uncovered and the walls were strengthened with iron and again in 1960–1970 when the towers in bad shape were restored. On August 23, 1987 the ] held a rally in a square near the church and the monument of ] to protest the ongoing ], which was broken up by the ].<ref>http://www.lituanus.org/1989/89_1_04.htm Lituanus Quarterly, Spring 1989</ref> Most recent reconstruction followed in 2009: the roofing was replaced, facade elements were reinforced and long-missing side spires were rebuilt. | |||
=== 16th century === | |||
A reconstruction of the church, funded by ] and ], was carried out following severe fire damage, in 1582. ] preached in the church between 1538 and 1541. | |||
=== 18th century === | |||
In 1747, the church underwent a repair under the supervision of ]. In 1762, side arches of the main portal were hidden in order to strengthen the support for the facade. | |||
=== 19th century === | |||
According to a well-known legend, Emperor ], after seeing the church during the ], expressed a wish to carry the church home with him to ] 'in the palm of his hand'. ] | |||
=== 20th century === | |||
The church was renovated in 1902–1909 when the side arches were uncovered and the walls were strengthened with iron. The initiator and organizer of the renovation was Father Jan Józef Łaboda, while the author of the project was ].{{Sfn|EZW|2009|p=189}} | |||
==== Soviet occupation of Lithuania ==== | |||
During the Soviet occupation, the church remained open and was even renovated between 1960–1970 when the towers were in bad shape. | |||
On 23 August 1987, the ] held a rally in a square near the church and the monument of ] to protest the ongoing ], which was broken up by the Soviet '']''.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303122224/http://www.lituanus.org/1989/89_1_04.htm |date=2018-03-03 }} by Asta Banionis</ref> | |||
=== 21st century === | |||
Most recent reconstruction followed in 2009: the roofing was replaced, facade elements were reinforced and long-missing side spires were rebuilt. | |||
On 13 June 2018 St. Anne's Church was dedicated by The Archbishop of Vilnius, ], to be used exclusively to celebrate the ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vilniausonosbaznycia.net/apie-mus/|title=Apie šią bažnyčią|date=2019-07-09|website=Vilniaus Šv. Onos bažnyčia|language=lt-LT|access-date=2020-02-11}}</ref> | |||
==Architecture== | ==Architecture== | ||
] | ] | ||
The design of the church building is attributed to either Michael Enkinger, the architect of a church of the same name in ], or to ]. However, neither of the |
The design of the church building is attributed to either Michael Enkinger, the architect of a church of the same name in ], or to ]. However, neither of the attributions is attested by written sources. St. Anne's Church is part of an ensemble, comprising the much larger Gothic Church of ] and ], as well as a monastery. | ||
A novel approach to bricks as a construction material was employed in the church's construction.<ref>''Lietuvos architektūros istorija. I dalis.'' Jonas Minkevičius. Vilnius Mokslas 1988 p. 148</ref> The main façade, designed in the ] style, is its most striking feature. Traditional Gothic elements and shapes were used in unique ways; Gothic ]es are framed by ] elements dominating a symmetrical and proportionate façade, creating an impression of |
A novel approach to bricks as a construction material was employed in the church's construction.<ref>''Lietuvos architektūros istorija. I dalis.'' Jonas Minkevičius. Vilnius Mokslas 1988 p. 148</ref> The main façade, designed in the ] style, is its most striking feature. Traditional Gothic elements and shapes were used in unique ways; Gothic ]es are framed by ] elements dominating a symmetrical and proportionate façade, creating an impression of dynamism. According to Lithuanian architect and art historian ], patterns from the ] are echoed in the church's façade. | ||
The church has one ] and two towers. It was built using 33 different kinds of clay bricks and painted in red. The interior is decorated in the ] style, as is its altar. The imitative ] ], constructed in the 1870s to ]'s designs, stands nearby. | The church has one ] and two towers. It was built using 33 different kinds of clay bricks and painted in red. The interior is decorated in the ] style, as is its altar. The imitative ] ], constructed in the 1870s to ]'s designs, stands nearby. | ||
==See also== | |||
*] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{ |
{{Reflist|33em}} | ||
<!--* |
<!--* {{cite book | author =Władysław Zahorski | author-link =Władysław Zahorski | title =Kościół św. Anny w Wilnie | year =1905| publisher =Jan Zawadzki | location =Wilno | url = http://kpbc.umk.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=11830&from=pubstats | format =] |language=pl}} is this was used? --> | ||
== Bibliography == | |||
http://kpbc.umk.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=11830&from=pubstats | format =] | accessdate = }} is this was used? --> | |||
* {{Cite book |title=Encyklopedia Ziemi Wileńskiej |date=2009 |isbn=9788387865641 |editor-last=Jackiewicz |editor-first=Mieczysław |volume=7 |location=Bydgoszcz |language=pl |trans-title=Encyclopedia of Vilnius Land |ref={{harvid|EZW|2009}}}} | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{ |
{{Commons category|Church of St. Anne in Vilnius}} | ||
* | * | ||
{{Authority control}} | |||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Anne's Church, Vilnius}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Anne's Church, Vilnius}} | ||
] | |||
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] | ] | ||
] | ] | ||
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Latest revision as of 10:13, 27 October 2024
Roman Catholic church in Vilnius, LithuaniaSt. Anne's Church Šv. Onos bažnyčia | |
---|---|
Façade of Saint Anne's (2014) | |
Religion | |
Affiliation | Roman Catholic |
District | Old Town |
Year consecrated | 1500 |
Location | |
Location | Vilnius, Lithuania |
Geographic coordinates | 54°40′59″N 25°17′36″E / 54.68306°N 25.29333°E / 54.68306; 25.29333 |
Architecture | |
Architect(s) | Michael Enkinger |
Type | Church |
Style | Late Gothic and Brick Gothic |
Completed | 1500 |
Specifications | |
Direction of façade | West |
Materials | clay bricks |
Website | |
onosbaznycia.lt | |
UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
Official name | Vilnius Old Town |
Type | Cultural |
Criteria | Cultural: (ii), (iv) |
Designated | 1994 |
Reference no. | 541 |
UNESCO region | Europe |
St. Anne's Church (Lithuanian: Šv. Onos bažnyčia; Polish: Kościół św. Anny) is a Roman Catholic church in Vilnius' Old Town, on the right bank of the Vilnia river established circa 1495–1500. It is a prominent example of both Flamboyant and Brick Gothic styles. St. Anne's is a prominent landmark in the Vilnius Old Town that enabled the district to be named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and is one of the most interesting examples of Gothic architecture in Lithuania.
History
The first church at this site, constructed of wood, was built for Anna, Grand Duchess of Lithuania, the first wife of Vytautas the Great. Originally intended for the use of Catholic Germans and other visiting Catholics, it was destroyed by a fire in 1419.
The present brick church was constructed on the initiative of the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Alexander I Jagiellon in 1495–1500; the exterior of the church has remained almost unchanged since then.
16th century
A reconstruction of the church, funded by Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł and Jerzy Radziwiłł, was carried out following severe fire damage, in 1582. Abraomas Kulvietis preached in the church between 1538 and 1541.
18th century
In 1747, the church underwent a repair under the supervision of Johann Christoph Glaubitz. In 1762, side arches of the main portal were hidden in order to strengthen the support for the facade.
19th century
According to a well-known legend, Emperor Napoleon, after seeing the church during the Franco-Russian War in 1812, expressed a wish to carry the church home with him to Paris 'in the palm of his hand'.
20th century
The church was renovated in 1902–1909 when the side arches were uncovered and the walls were strengthened with iron. The initiator and organizer of the renovation was Father Jan Józef Łaboda, while the author of the project was Józef Pius Dziekoński.
Soviet occupation of Lithuania
During the Soviet occupation, the church remained open and was even renovated between 1960–1970 when the towers were in bad shape.
On 23 August 1987, the Lithuanian Liberty League held a rally in a square near the church and the monument of Adam Mickiewicz to protest the ongoing Soviet occupation, which was broken up by the Soviet militsiya.
21st century
Most recent reconstruction followed in 2009: the roofing was replaced, facade elements were reinforced and long-missing side spires were rebuilt.
On 13 June 2018 St. Anne's Church was dedicated by The Archbishop of Vilnius, Gintaras Grušas, to be used exclusively to celebrate the Tridentine Mass.
Architecture
The design of the church building is attributed to either Michael Enkinger, the architect of a church of the same name in Warsaw, or to Benedikt Rejt. However, neither of the attributions is attested by written sources. St. Anne's Church is part of an ensemble, comprising the much larger Gothic Church of St. Francis and Bernadine, as well as a monastery.
A novel approach to bricks as a construction material was employed in the church's construction. The main façade, designed in the Flamboyant Gothic style, is its most striking feature. Traditional Gothic elements and shapes were used in unique ways; Gothic arches are framed by rectangular elements dominating a symmetrical and proportionate façade, creating an impression of dynamism. According to Lithuanian architect and art historian Vladas Drėma, patterns from the Columns of Gediminas are echoed in the church's façade.
The church has one nave and two towers. It was built using 33 different kinds of clay bricks and painted in red. The interior is decorated in the Baroque style, as is its altar. The imitative neo-Gothic bell tower, constructed in the 1870s to Chagin's designs, stands nearby.
See also
References
- UNESCO World Heritage: Lithuanian masterpieces. Vilnius Historic Center
- Lietuvos dailės muziejus. Taikomosios dailės muziejus. Aleksandro jubiliejui skirta paroda Archived 2006-10-26 at the Wayback Machine
- EZW 2009, p. 189.
- Lituanus Quarterly, Vol. 35, No. 1 - Spring 1989 Archived 2018-03-03 at the Wayback Machine by Asta Banionis
- "Apie šią bažnyčią". Vilniaus Šv. Onos bažnyčia (in Lithuanian). 2019-07-09. Retrieved 2020-02-11.
- Lietuvos architektūros istorija. I dalis. Jonas Minkevičius. Vilnius Mokslas 1988 p. 148
Bibliography
- Jackiewicz, Mieczysław, ed. (2009). Encyklopedia Ziemi Wileńskiej [Encyclopedia of Vilnius Land] (in Polish). Vol. 7. Bydgoszcz. ISBN 9788387865641.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)